Another journalist in the book, that they were really consumed with this thought and concerned. I thought that i would read you from this chapter i will stay with you, mary, because its sort of rings that alive. I will read this. People, a. Mitchell palmer and J Edgar Hoover were heroes. For others, they were the villains. Those who saw them as villains might have chosen William Monroe for their alice paul heroes. Excuse me. An American Hero is someone who protested and justices come any quality, and prejudice . What was it someone who protected the American Public from protesters . Was it the man who rounded up a mob to attack an alleged murderer, or wasnt the man who took a bullet trying to stop him . What of the worker, who went on strike to improve wages and conditions . Was it the manager who struggle to keep production moving during the strike . American ideals of individualism and freedom sometime use the notions of villains and heroes. Their willingness to oppose the popular current or stand up for the oppressed would become the heroes of the future. While most loud and of the heroes of the day might later be regarded as the most instructive people of their era. Year the daring aviators and that these makers and the peacemakers. They were National Heroes and local heroes, some who tried to be heroes and some were just happened to do something that people needed to proceed as a rock. It was not just the numbers of heroes emerging from a culture at any given time might be proportionate to the level of pain and struggle of its people. And then things begin to happen. Lines. Rite so, now, im going to read you the end of the book, im not giving anything away, and the end of the avalon. It is the prologue for seasons of the year. Epilogue ties things together and helps the reader form that bridge of understanding between the great war and what lies ahead, the 1920s with the help of such people as f scott fitzgerald. But the end of the book, as i said, prosandberg is in here off and on. Happened to be writing a series for the Chicago Daily , and black belt of chicago, when the race riots the ruptured erupted. He did an incredibly insightful job of covering the race riots. At any rate, he was also involved in some problems with Civil Liberties. He was arrested and detained. His notebooks from his or coverage were confiscated when he walked off a ship in 1918. He spent a lot of time negotiating with the government to get his notebooks back. You need to know those things. Also, there is a touch of navigated the first nonstop transatlantic flight, and l cox ironically and sadly died in a plane crash after achieving that great goal. Paragraph from 1919, america would remember a few heroes and legends, but most of its true heroes would fade away, consumed in a fiery crash of time and lost dreams. Both believers and lovers of liberty, the early steps would lead to a place most of their contemporaries could not envision. Indeed, generations of americans would be affected by the battles and the passions of 1919. Tumult,the midst of such few could grasp its significance. The only true enemies will hopefully be prejudice, oppression, and fear. It was as Carl Sandburg had so astutely assume did to be, a path to a more progressive future. I have no criticism of all the he wrote to his wife, in a letter. That is when he was in the midst of problems with the government. The end of the avalon brings the the end debate of the epilogue brings the hero him ebate hero is heroism debate. This issue of who is the good guy and who is the bad guy, trying to sort this out. Ray baker was the journalist and , thebestselling author press secretary for woodrow wilson. He wrote several autobiographies. At the end of his last one, right before he died, he wrote a poem that i ended the book with. Curious in time i stand, noting the efforts of heroes. Is the deferment long . Better the slander, poverty, death . Uprising in the night, it sprouts, looms, and fills the earth with beauty. Thats it. Thank you. [applause] i have a lot more on my not fair, but that is to you to keep reading. I need to take questions because this is the interactive part of the program. So, ok. Right there. One of the things i was struck by is that in 1919 there was a National Need for heroes whether it be on a local, national, or global level. Contrasting that with what were seeing now, its seems that there is the tendency to identify the bad guys, the ones that are ego, but im not seeing putting forth heroes. Would you comment on that . I am not seeing there being heroes identified. I think that is a really hard question to answer and actually, it should be a book. But it is a question that is not something i really thought thoroughly about. Who would be determined a hero today . Actually, i have, but i cant expound on it, it would take another two hours, probably. My sense of it is that you will be seeing more of that, because that is the kind of at the sphere we are living in right now. I think there will be more people i dont want to sound like there will be more people coming forward and standing up for what they believe, but i think weve seen that in all of the debates recently, the debate of the u. S. Role in the world, the debate of Civil Liberties. There are a lot of people standing up and speaking their mind. In that way that democracy allows. As you saw, he blurbed beyond the river. He actually consummated me on my source notes. Complimented me on my sorts notes. I consulted with arthur a law we talked a lot about democracy. M. D the issue of herois you dont always see it when you are in the midst of it. I cant answer your question so perfectly, im sorry. More questions . Building on that, i really enjoyed your insight on the heroism, who will be the heroes of the future, thats very insightful. In that same vein, it always strikes me when i read books like yours and i enjoy them immensely, this literary history, so approachable. Study, i envision you starting with an idea and coming out with an immense amount of knowledge, and wisdom that you gain out of writing this. It is uplifting, but it is also discouraging. You gain his knowledge that would allow you to learn from this lesson and get some optimism about the future. Yet, we keep repeating the same mistakes. We go through the roaring 20s into another savage war, and that happens over and over. Is, afterestion youve gained all this wisdom from the study and writing this, how do you feel at the end of it . Feel discouraged, encouraged, hopeful, despondent . Exhausted. Become this book itself a spokesperson . That is an interesting point because i feel like im on the road of not promoting myself, but the people in the book. I want people to listen to these people in our past and see how a very unstable time in our history. Question, ir your came up with a radio show in chicago a couple days ago. I think i am a halffull glass person, an optimist. We keepo think that learning and that because we live in a democracy, we will have these series of struggles, and as long as we do, we will have dialogue, we will have debate, and we will have messy battles. Looks scaryk and it at times, and it feels that way, no matter what side of controversy you are on. But i think it is the dialogue and the debate. As long as we have people who feel the freedom to stand up and petition their government, write to their congressman, walked down the mall in washington and express what they believe, as long as we have that kind of dialogue, i think its a positive thing, and i cant help but believe that slowly, we will progress. I think the reason the issues p coming up is that in its not that history repeats itself, its that we dont totally resolve them. They service again and again. You think about that little detail i told you about. Report had been taken seriously and had been publicized massively that segregation was the problem, not the solution . Imagine how things would have been. There are things we can learn from that time. Moree out of this feeling positive about well, i come foring more responsible paying attention to democracy taking part in it and believing that as long as we all exercise muscle of democracy, it will be strong. Iats one of the things that have learned from both of these books. Particularly, savage piece. I think it is sad that we regret, now and then, but i think that is part of progress. It does not excuse it and it is too bad really, one of the things i would like people to read this book is so that we can see, we went through a dreadfully frightening time. Terrorismspect to the fear of 1919, you have to realize that the attorney general, the facade of the attorney general was blown off in a bomb. Of almsre 36 packages in them and in post offices worldwide, Department Store wrapping. Them wereely, some of caught before they got to their destinations. That was in the book and it was a very scary time. What we learn from it, i ink, is the heat was turned up by a few individuals who wanted to take advantage of the situation. It was the supposed threat of a revolution in america in 1919. People were bracing for that. Im saying is, there were reasons to be afraid, it was a very unstable time. I think what we can learn from ist and just looking at that that weve lived through that time, we survived. So, we can survive a lot in this country as long as we all participate in democracy and believe in it. That goes from the highest to the youngest and most naive voter. A lot of people think that democracy is just about voting, and it is about a lot more. We see that in history when democracy is under stress. The Antislavery Movement and other. Other. Periods. Also, we get through hard times in this country because democracy has the capability of correcting its errors. And i think we see that. And when it does, we are reminded it still exists. The simple answer to your question is, exhausting. [laughter] more questions . Yes. I guess i was wondering if role in put any kind of any of the characters that you becauseduring this time there do seem to be a lot of parallels between today and 1919. Was it more of a secular time given the roaring 20s . Like i said, my only regret is that honestly, i didnt tell simon schuster. How extensive and significant it would be. Some of that is on the cutting floor, unfortunately. Thing, talk about spirituality. There were some very interesting religious stories. But also, very popular books at the time were books where people were talking to the other side. Itemhe most popular sales of the year especially at christmas was the ouija board, which was actually named in that year. People were, as you can understand, very consumed with the concept of death. Everyone must have been touched by the war or the flu pandemic. Imagine that. It is not just the war, it is the flu pandemic that killed 50 Million People worldwide and 642,000 in america. I might not have those statistics right, but its close. Yes, there were some characters that bring that part of alive that i couldnt include them. Had to a lot that i leave out or it would have been a 1200 page book. Yeah, of course. Religion is wrapped up in times of such insecurity, instability, all the uncertainty, the clash of open fear and the aftermath of war and a disease. Volume two. [laughter] ok lets take one more, do we have time for one more question . Ok. Ok. No more questions. One more, yes, sir. I feel like an auctioneer. How do you reconcile the present with the past insofar world 1990, the 1919, the world made this quantum leap into a loosening of restrictions and right now, theres all this pressure in the u. S. , and there has been in terms of Civil Liberties, etc. On the brink of a new election, i was wondering if you see any parallels that may be forthcoming. I do. There are several parallels between 1919 and now including the bad behavior of athletes. Of 1919. Al one, as a mentioned, the u. S. Role in the world. Very parallel,e Civil Liberties, restrictions on Civil Liberties in the name of National Security and the what a lot of colonists had been referring to lately as the Tipping Point. How far do you go . Before you worry about the safety of the constitution in the name of the physical safety of the nation. The tippingthat point and the dialogue about that has already started to happen. Dialogue ines the 1919 really interesting. I think it is dangerous when you start drawing parallels exactly between one year and another later, but 100 years you certainly can draw parallels in terms of the debate and the dialogue at the time. That clearly is one of them. Like i said, the Tipping Point might be what Oliver Wendell holmes and his colleagues were discussing that summer of 1919 and also, the wb devoid was discussing in his editorials. Here is a guy who told his race to go to war, and then in cris magazine, he writes in may of 1919, an editorial saying we return fighting, we return fighting for our democracy, we return fighting for the democracy we serve. So, there was a Tipping Point there, too, in terms of what liberties. S, civil does that answer your question . Where we are headed, i cant answer that. In 1919, goou lived get a ouija board and ask someone from the other side. Getting. Just kidding. I cant answer that, but i find it fascinating and i think what the debate involved at that time what remains of wartime measures put in place because of the urgency of protecting the nation during times of war. When did they become permanent . Therefore, endangering the constitution. That is the big question. , as it appeared to be developing in 1919, a government,tem of in a way . I think as long as you are following the laws based on the , you can still have alivedebates and come out strong and still with democracy. Thank you all for coming, this has been marvelous. [applause] ok. [indiscernible] [indiscernible] hey, sarah. Will you take me back to the hotel so that surely can go home . You dont need any more direction . I think i know. [indiscernible] announcer this is American History tv, covering history cspan style with lectures, interviews, and discussions with authors whose historians, and teachers. All weekend, every weekend, only on cspan3. This weekend on the presidency, editor of the papers of dwight d. Eisenhower talks about the evolution of his leadership style from a west point cadet the president of the united states. Here is a preview. Is ike on civil rights . Career,entire military up until 1945, he seemed to not didothered at least, he not write anything that suggested to me that he was altered by segregation in the military and segregation in american society. So, i would say in 1945, he changed his mind, why . We were running out of money, too. First the germans, then the british. Now, america was running out of combat soldiers. So, he decided to give africanamericans the first opportunity to engage in combat equally, and that was the turning point in his life. When he returned to washington, he was much more vigorous about civil rights as chief of staff and he worked with Lyndon Johnson to get all the could get through congress. Announcer learn more about his leadership skills this sunday at 8 p. M. And midnight eastern on the presidency. You are watching American History tv, only on cspan3. We take you live now to we take you live now for our second day of live coverage of College Civil war institute. It will include letters from emancipation, notable war places, and the atlanta campaign. Up first this morning, Oklahoma StateUniversity ProfessorJennifer Murray on the Gettysburg National park. She is, as you know, an expert on the civil war and in expert in military history in general. She has a full publication resume. Her most important book and most recent is entitled on a great battlefield the making, making, management, and memory of Gettysburg National park. It was published in 2013 at the university of tennessee press. She is currently working on a biography of general george which wille, hopefully be published by the university of North Carolina in the civil war series