Doran posters in world war i were the true social media of the day. There was no television or radio, and posters were used by all the belligerent countries in the war to impress their ideas upon the passerby, and to make them do things that the government wanted them to do. And people regard posters as propaganda, but a lot of them are used for other reasons as well. And the exhibition we have we are featuring at the world war i museum and memorial is showing a variety of posters from many of the Different Countries that produced them during the war. And they were not only incredible artwork, and many Famous Artists worked on posters , produced posters for the countries during the war, they were also representing the countries, they represented the ideas of the countries, and they represented really what the war meant to the various countries that produced the posters. Behind me is a french poster. The french used not so much patriotic teams, but they used a lot of pecos a lot of pathos in their posters. Here we see a child being held by its mother. Losthe picture of the father that is up above, and the mother is consoling the child. This is getting people to give money to the war effort because the countries did not have a big pot of money sitting around waiting to fight a war, so they had to raise money. And so the french were very conscious of using this kind of appeal to the people. And i included it in here because of that, because of showing how children were used in the advertising of the posters. And also that they could represent many aspects of the societies that they were showing in the poster. When the americans got into the war on april 6, 1917, they actually created an agency to produce information that could be sent out to the public. And with the committee on Public Information was in charge of having posters produced for the war effort. And the americans, when they started producing posters, especially for fundraising, they of symbols they thought represented america. In this poster, you see the statue of liberty and you see the American Flag and waves of american soldiers going off to fight. And then the main symbol of america at this time was uncle sam. And even though uncle sam had been a symbol of the United States since the war of 1812, it really came to the forefront in representing the american war effort. And if you look at a lot of the american war posters, a lot of the images are in multiples. You can see all of the soldiers marching and airplanes flying. Especially the airplanes, because when the americans went to fight, we didnt have any airplanes really. So we used british, french, and italian airplanes. So, Artistic License could be taken in producing the posters. But when the posters were more carla pharrell what but when the posters were more colorful and more action oriented, they tended to get more information out to the people. The next poster on exhibit that we see is a recruiting poster for the United States marines. And its pretty basic. It wanted them to join up. It represented the marines as the fighting force that would lead the american effort during the war. And the spirit of 1917 this was equated back to the spirit of 1776, when the American Revolution began. And this was a very important aspect of the advertising. And the images that they used on this poster were actually prewar images, but they dusted them off and got them back to use with the beginning of the american effort in world war i. Probably my favorite poster in the exhibition is this very futuristic poster. And not only does it have this incredible image of this machine that would end the war. This was a real dream that machines could end war, and not have to use all the human effort up. But the interesting thing about this poster, besides the incredible graphic showing this french machine going across and killing the german soldiers running in panic before it, is it was not really produced by the government. It was not for a government effort. It was for a periodical article written about this idea about having machines win the war. So this advertised the sale of this periodical. In its function and its production, it is very different from the other posters on exhibit here. This is a u. S. Navy recruiting poster from the war. It really is one of the most interesting images to me because it shows the various allies of the United States and their navy, and how they really want the americans to join in with them. The poster is actually called all together. We see a japanese sailor, french sailor, the american sailor holding his ubiquitous cigarette, of course, the british sailor, russian, and italian. Very different in that it did represent all of the allies that the americans were fighting in the war with. Of course, during world war i, the japanese were allies with the United States, with australia, with new zealand, and Great Britain and france. And one of their main efforts during the war involved their navy. They acted as escort for the new zealand and Australian Forces to go to fight in the middle east and on the western front. And so they were the Escort Service for them. And so that is part of the history of world war i that a lot of people dont know about. Even japanese visitors we have come here to the museum, it is always interesting for them to see that part of the history. It is represented throughout the museum. During the war, of course, posters played a role on the American Home front in getting wheat and take their products to be recycled, and to actually help the environment and help the war effort by, as this poster says, ordering your coal now and get ting ahead of the game. Because although products were not necessarily rationed, they were in short supply. And coal was one of these. The coal wasime, delivered, as you can see in this, by horses. It is interesting the number of posters that feature horses. And because horses were still a major form of transport for the United States in world war i, even though cars and trucks were in use, horses still played a major role, both in the home front and the battlefront. I also think this poster is interesting because the artwork on it is really just expressive, and it really shows that posters only advertising media, but also works of art. One of the few posters that we have in the Museum Collection is a german poster that is a fundraising poster. It is asking people to give to the war effort. And it is featuring the steel helmeted german soldier, the representative of the iron germany at the time, to get folks to give money to the war effort. The problem with the german posters is that they have not survived over the years since world war i. And so, that is one of the areas in the museum, even though we have a large poster collection, that we are still actively collecting, german posters and posters from russia, also the balkans and areas like that. So our collection is still very organic, and we like to represent that in our special exhibitions. As part of the National World war i museum and memorial social media efforts, we were featuring many of the posters that were going to be in this exhibition. And we wanted to create a little more public interaction with the exhibition, so we put on our social media four of the posters that i had taken out of the exhibition because of lack of space. So we ask our visitors to our website and social Media Outlets to vote on one of the posters in there that they would like to have seen in the exhibition. One of the posters was voted on by a very nice lady who lives in kansas city. She herself was a veteran of the british signal corps in world war ii. And she voted for the poster that featured the horse. And the Blue Cross Fund society helped save the horses. Horses, of course, were one of the major aspects of the war effort. They were really not treated very well by the war itself. And so she wanted it in the exhibition because her father had been in world war i, and he told the family stories about how he had worked with horses as part of his war effort. So basically, that was the vote that pushed it over. We included this poster, even though it is a fairly small poster in relation to the other posters in the exhibition. It also gave us a human feeling to what the posters represented in world war i. This exhibit gives us the whole idea that one type of munition that was used in the war was not necessarily one that was fired or one dropped from an airplane, it was one that was presented to the public to really get their involvement in the war effort. Theso that is really takeaway i think i would like for people to have, is that they enjoy what they are seeking, but they also take that these were very important objects of the time, and they really still teach us the lessons of world war i. You can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country at cspan. Org cities tour. This is American History tv, only on cspan3. , georgetownght University Law professor Peter Edelman looks at the ways the courts penalizes the poor through excessive fines and fees in his book not a crime to be poor the criminalization of poverty in america. He is interviewed by congressman hank johnson. s poverty an issue in terms of the war on drugs or the victims of the war on drugs . How did poverty play into that . No men around. What happens to families, what happens to the men who have been locked up and all the collateral consequences so they cant get jobs, they are not allowed to live in public housing. Country,ws across the collateral consequences of one kind or another, it could destroy somebodys life. If they were not poor when they went into prison, they are definitely povertystricken for the rest of their lives. It is totally connected to poverty. Watch afterwards, sunday night on book tv on cspan2. Railamerica, assignment iran. Advisor follows an army through his assignment in iran. Here is a preview. Now, i was in iran as an army advisor. How strange it all seemed at first. [yelling] i had then trained for over one year and brought halfway around the world to serve for two years as a member of the military Assistance Group in a iran. Special teams during the course of the next two years would visit for a short period to instruct in the specific subjects to help the iranian army train a special forces group of its own. Being able to speak the language and participate in the activities of the union helped to bridge that gap, which many times separates a stranger from the people of the country he is in. As the american advisor to the iranian social forces group, i participated in the units training and order to pass on those techniques that i felt for the most important. [speaking foreign language] [speaking foreign language] next, on lectures and history, College Professor broussard leads a lecture. An hour and about 10 minutes. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] today were going to be talking about the imperial britain at faces the end of the war in 1763 and the coming of the revolution. So, if you have any questions, pipe up. Be asking you a few. You remember, last weekend we put up a graph the results you went around if you and asked everybody in the olonies at 25year intervals, do you want to be independent of