From the secretary of defense to the people of the United States, this is the annual report of our armed forces. Your narrator, peter hackers, pentagon reporter. With the abcs in the year of crisis in asia, berlin and cuba and how our armed forces have met these meetings and have met these challenges to freedom. In their drive for world domination, the communists have identified Different Levels of possible conflict to exploit. Khrushchev speaks of war and peace in light of what he calls the new means of mass destruction. And what he calls local wars, he also rejects because as he puts it, they may grow into a thermonuclear war. But he recognizes another category which he called war of liberation and popular revolts. What we prefer to call subversion and covert aggression. It is these wars which he says are not only admissible but inevitable. A free world answer tested during a year in vietnam is counterinsurgency. At the request of the South Vietnamese government, we are helping peace loving people learn how to defend themselves. Here in a remote setting, there is new emphasis on the importance of the individual fighting man as a teacher and as well as a leader. Our troops are here to advise and train the South Vietnamese , but fight only to defend themselves on assignments which often take them into the midst of a bitter and dangerous struggle. In this conflict, it is harder to find the enemy than to fight him. Reaction time to guerrilla attacks has been cut from hours to minutes with faster air transport and improve communications. South vietnamese troops round up an enemy who strikes quickly and brutally, who already has assassinated civilian leaders, teachers and other villagers who refused to join them. The plan to protect those who dwell in thousands of rural villages and towns resulted in the fortifying of approximately 5000 communities in the first year. During an intensive visit to Southeast Asia, secretary of defense Robert S Mcnamara sees how the fortified hamlet program is working out. The home guard like, the volunteer fire department, is constantly on the alert against brushfire surprise attacks which flare up whenever viet cong raiders are in the vicinity. Bamboo spiked parapets missing a barrier,em a primitive but are effective against night raids. Offshore, our navy has trained south Vietnamese Navy patrols which guard internal waterways, too. Suspiciousls halt vehicles suspicious vessels for search and interrogation. Distinction between friend and communist foe is one of the most the guerrilla war. Overhead, the u. S. Air force trained South Vietnamese pilots to supply isolated outpost in a land where roads are all too few. In tactical operations, the experience and support of our air force trained savvy in his trained South Vietnamese pilots give competence and wings to government troops. Air commandos, like their counterparts in the army and navy, are trained for special missions. They also act as instructors and advisers. Teamwork and on the spot training call for dedication from the men in the field to the top commander, general paul d harkins. The u. S. Secretary to our to ouru. S. Effort vietnamese allies is a vast and it involves political, economic, psychological and military measures. All of the armed forces of the u. S. Play a part. On this side of the world less than 90 miles from florida, we face another communist challenge. In the president s own words, this government has promised it has maintained the process the closest surveillance of the soviet military buildup on the island of cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offenses of offensive missile sites is that in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purpose of these races can be none other than to provide it with strike capability against the western hemisphere. To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to cuba from whatever nation or port, are to be turned back. The secretary of defense mcnamara announcing the quarantine order tells the press. Those are the instructions we have been given. Chris just decided to dismantle the bases in cuba and remove the defensive weapons remove the offensive weapons. Under navy surveillance, the missiles that had threatened the u. S. Went back where they came from. And later, the soviet bombers , which the president listed as offensive weapons, were also shipped home from cuba. In florida, the commanderinchief cited air force, navy and marine corps units which flew this balance flew the Surveillance Missions that revealed the communist missile buildup, again, high and lowlevel reconnaissance pilots emphasized individual skill and achievement as they flew these important, historic missions. The president also inspected the Ground Forces in florida, ready for any action required. At Guantanamo Naval base, the u. S. Marines reinforce the local garrison. Again, the individual fighting men became a symbol to the world of americas determination to deter all communist aggression. Earlier, in asia, because communists in laos threatened the border of thailand, the u. S. Responded quickly when thailand called for help. Our seventh fleet landed combat ready marines in bangkok in our biggest military move in the far east since the korean war. Army combat units were flown in by the air force to reinforce army troops already in thailand on maneuvers. The soldiers moved along the in communist, infiltrated laos. The presence of our military forces in a critical moment was sufficient to deter an open communist aggression against peaceful thailand. Again, in india when communist chinese attacked in aggression reminiscent of korea, u. S. Help was prompt. Here, the air force flew in urgently needed arms of the ofarms at the request indias government. From the bamboo curtain to the berlin wall, we are maintaining our commitments. Standing firmly with our allies against communist designs for world conquest. This wall has become a clearcut symbol of tyranny in modern times. Our forces hold constant alerts to maintain this frontier of freedom, and each soldier realizes the importance of his own role. Despite periodic delays, our forces maintain their right to travel through communist east germany to reach west berlin. The red flag is a constant reminder of the danger that threatens every free man. Directing the men on our global frontiers are the men at the pentagon. Our 50 billion Defense Program is explained by secretary mcnamara. In the past year, we have doubled the rate of building polaris submarines. We have doubled capacity to produce minutemen missiles. We have tripled the army special forces, and increased the number of the armys combat ready divisions by 50 . We streamlined the military chain of command and made the vital job of recruiting, training, and equipping our fighting men are primary function of the individual service secretaries. I would like to repeat general marshalls words. General marshall said the soldiers heart, spirit, soul are everything. Unless the soul sustains him, he cannot be relied on. He will fail himself and his country in the end. It is morality that wins the victory. Staying power, the spirit which endures. The will to win. L to wean. Shares security with mcnamara , the Top Security Team which includes the three service secretaries. When secretary mcnamara is away from the pentagon, deputy is in charge. The secretary of the army heads the department which provides the soldiers or Tactical Nuclear response. The secretary of the navy has the mission of ensuring our navy and marine corps are capable of dealing with everything from the cuban crisis and counterinsurgency to nuclear war. The secretary of the air force, shown here welcoming home reserves, stresses individual contributions. Keeping our air force ready for warfare, jungle deterring nuclear conflict. The top military team consists of the joint chiefs of staff. General wheeler represents the army. Admiral anderson is the navy member. Is the head of the air force. P is of the marine corps. I am looking forward to my new assignment in the pentagon. I find in this building a new atmosphere and a new approach to the problems of defense. I refer to such things as the rediscovery of the need for conventional forces, the recognition of subversive willingnessand the to make hard decisions in the controversial areas of defense. In recent years, the secretary of defense through the joint chiefs of staff has directed the farflung military operations of the unified commands composed of all services. Also, there are specified commands, which means Single Service commands such as Strategic Air command. There are nine in all, depending on the military crisis of the moment, the joint chiefs can designate the appropriate command for action. Handled the command cuban crisis with admiral denison at the head. The Pacific Command handled Southeast Asia and the far east. Withuropean command headquarters in paris is closely associated with the supreme command of nato. Strike command located in tampa, florida. The newest unified command is under general adams. Combat elements are prepared to strike hard and fast anywhere in the world. In fact, Strategic Air command is a Nuclear Deterrent to war with its tremendous second strike or counterpunch capability. Bombers at the Strategic Air command are constantly alert, ready to respond to president ial command. Protection for civilians on the homefront is the responsibility of civil defense. The National Survey marking and Stocking Program has located potential shelter spaces for more than 100 million americans. Is expected program to provide shelter spaces for americans at home or work. The Womens Army Corps and ,ister services, the waves women marines, continue their fine work as an integral part of our defense forces. Century after clara barton of the American Red Cross helped the wounded in this civil war setting, the traditional role of nurses has expanded around the world. During the past year, army nurses went to earthquake shattered iran, where u. S. Field hospitals ministered to the victims. Berlin crisis of 1961, the nation relies more than ever upon its citizen soldiers, sailors, and airmen. The first reservists returning in 1962 after a year of active duty were greeted informally by the commander in chief. Reservists and national 148,000 guardsmen responded to this call. Each realized he was an important individual whose skill answered his nations needs. Real organization the National Guard of reserves announced and december of 1962 will provide more combat ready units streamlined to meet the cold war requirements of the future. Physical fitness as well as mental alertness is still basic for all who serve in our armed forces. The air force includes missile men as well as flyers. Here at Maelstrom Air force base, a Strategic Air force base controls the most modern minutemen in its underground silo. Continuous readiness to launch their bird, to prevent rather than start a nuclear war. In addition to missiles, man flying is still of primary importance in a balanced air force. The foreseeable future, the air force is calling for pilots who have the splitsecond precision and scale of the famed thunderbirds. Meanwhile, services are purchasing the phantom jet, the nations finest tactical plane already in operation. The navy and marine for call this the f4 b. The air force calls its version the f4 c. The navy calls for scientists as well as flyers and sailors, but insists on individual fitness. We are increasing the number of polaris submarines. By late 1964, we would have 29 in commission. Two cruz, the blue and gold, alternate on these sobs, going out on undersea patrols for 60 days at a time. This year, more Ballistic Missile submarines increase our Nuclear Deterrent powers on the seven seas. On station, each is ready to fire polaris missiles from launching platforms. Includesurface navy Nuclear Powered ships, like the Aircraft Carrier enterprise, now in full operation. The cruiser, long beach. And the guided missiles. The uss albany firing three missiles simultaneously represents a sizable force of cruisers armed with one or more types of missiles. The navy, too, is training small units for lonely and dangerous missions. Men who must perform a variety of skills, often in more than one environment. Like the guerrilla soldier, the front man on an underwater Demolition Team must prove his ability and courage during a long, expensive and difficult time of training. Great emphasis in 1962 was given to the army special forces, a select group of individual fighting men. These u. S. Guerrilla fighters art twice volunteers. Paratroopers, then for hazardous duty with special forces. They had been trained, retrained. They can do everything from parachuting behind enemy lines, to teaching school, to killing sentries with the heel of their hand. Knowledge and techniques in guerrilla warfare are being shared constantly with our partners in this hemisphere. In the canal zone, the caribbean command holds a conference of american armies, attended by officers from various latin american countries. Back at the Interamerican Defense college in washington, our friends from south of the border take highlevel staff courses, which range from conventional war to meeting the guerrilla challenges of castrotype communists. In asia, in South Vietnam, we and teaching. Communist infiltration and subversion are still seeking to destroy South Vietnam with guerrilla hitandrun warfare. As the free the enemies fortify their villages against the attacks of gary luz, this warfare becomes strongly reminiscent of the american past. Isolated communities in danger of sudden attack were forced to protect themselves. Once more, fighting is on a primitive level. The techniques are those of the indian fighter. Use the concealment of woods, swamp, or jungle. Strike fast and hard. Yesterday,rrior of the individual fighting men of today must be ready for anything at any time. Hindnnot forget that the all of our defense effort is the individual man. In guerrilla warfare, no machine can replace his judgment, courage, or will to win. In the peaceful exploration of space, directed by nasa, the army, navy, air force, and marine corps provide support. While supporting peaceful missions in space, we cannot neglect our military missiles and Defense Technology on earth. , which became operational in 1962, has a range of more than 6000 miles. The latest army missile is the pershing, eight shoot and scoot missile with a 300 mile range. For every level of conflict, we are maintaining a balanced defense. Chief, in hisin 1963 message on the state of the union, sums up our military position. This country continues to require the best defense the defense in the world. A defense that is suited to the 60s. This means a rising Defense Budget, for there is no substitute for adequate defense, and no bargainbasement way of achieving it. It means the expenditure of more than 15 billion this year on Nuclear Weapons systems alone. A sum which is about equal to the combined Defense Budget of our european allies. Means improved air and missile defenses, improved civil defense. Antiguerrilla capacity. Threats of massive retaliation may not deter piecemeal aggression and a line of destroyers in a quarantine. Of menequipped division on the border may be more useful to our security than the modification of awesome weapons beyond all rational need. It makes little sense for us to ,ssail the harbors of communism to spend 50 billion a year to prevent its military advance, and then to begrudge spending, largely on american products, less than 1 10 of that amount, to help other nations strengthen their independence and cure the social chaos in which communism has always thrived. The nassau agreement recognizes that the security is aware of beyond ourual and defense. There are nearly one million americans serving their country in the cause of freedom in overseas posts, a record know other people can match. I think these are proud and memorable days, and the call to peace and freedom. We are proud of major rudolph anderson, who gave his life over the island of cuba. We salute specialist james allen johnson, who died on the border of south korea. We pay honor to sergeant gerald who was killed in vietnam. They are among the many who, in this century, far from home, have died for our country. Our task now and the task of all americans is to live up to their commitment. God, forks to almighty seeing us through this terrible passage, we ask his help a new in guarding the good ship union. Narrator the United States can be proud of our armed forces, alert to meet every challenge in the spirit that safeguards our country is the will our serve and the will to win of everyone in uniform. Each knows the mission, the defense of freedom everywhere which means defense of our own america. This weekend on American History tv on cspan3. Tonight at 8 00 eastern, the lebanon valley professor on the lead up to the american revolution. We will have attacks on things the colonists import. Paper, glass, tea. And we will collect it at the ports. Nobody else has to be bothered. That is that. Big surprise. More outrage, anger, and for your. Sunday at 4 00, the 1963 film. He learns techniques to sustain himself in distant reaches of the jungle. Ultimate, he knows the enemy face. A just or die. At 6 00, a preview of collections for the u. S. Diplomacy museum set to open next year. They are americas first professional diplomats. They connected these treaties. This treaty of commerce granted france mostfavorednation trading status. The french were very excited about being able to get into that economic trading war with Great Britain after the war was over. This treaty would remain in effect for several years afterward. American history tv, every weekend on cspan3. Sunday night, the Georgetown University law professor looks at the way the courts penalize the poor through excessive fines and fees in his book. By georgiaviewed congressman hank johnson. Was poverty and issue in terms of the war on drugs or the victims of the war on drugs . How did poverty play into that . Families,ppens to what happens to the men who have been locked up in all the collateral consequences. They cannot jobs. They are not allowed to live in public housing. 45,000 laws across the country have collateral consequences of one kind or another that destroy somebodys life. Is in were not for when they went to prison, they are definitely povertystricken for the rest of their lives. Is totally connected to poverty. Watch sunday night at 9 00 eastern on book tv on cspan2. Monday, professor Clayborne Carson teaches a class on Martin Luther king, jr. s early years. The lecture to place at the church where m. L. K. And his father were both pastors. Here is a preview. Lets look at the documents. One of the things we find is how was he born. One of the things the birth certificate indicates is that there was a midwife and a doctor. And the doctor also lived on auburn avenue. So, what does that tell us about Martin Luther king . That this neighborhood was diverse. A doctor could live in this neighborhood, but there were also working class People Living in this neighborhood. But also the fact there was a midwife at the birth, which indicates his family was somewhat privileged. At least, there was a doctor also attended. Thatwe can see from that, Martin Luther kings early upbringing was kind of a mixture of what i would call striving for middleclass status and the people who were predominant in this neighborhood, that is working class families. We can also see this document that it that time, his father is a preacher. Where . Right here. We can see that there is another persons household. And who is that . At the time of his birth, you have both of the grandparents still alive. And his grandfather is also the minister of ebenezer church. A lot of these things we can find by looking at both the birth certificate, looking at the autobiography of religious development, looking at daddy king, we can see that these were the forces that shaped him. You can watch the entire lecture on dr. Martin luther king, jr. s early years this coming monday at 8 00 eastern here on American History tv. On november 8, 1942, british and American Forces launched operation torch, the invasion of byth africa then occupied nazi germany and vichy france. She tells about her book,. Estination casablanca both cohosted this 90minute event. It is my pleasure this afternoon to introduce our speaker, meredith hindley, who is the author of the new book,