Henderson. Then, as combat and intelligence officer. He then served in the mountain norad in colorado. After leaving the navy, he had a career for over 30 years as a n attorney specializing in personal injury and civil rights cases. He presently serves as a facilitator for the Naval Academy capstone Ethical Leadership program in annapolis. He is retired, but serves as a mediator for several county courts in maryland. Produce us he will introduce us to his guest. We always appreciate him and his counsel. Hands together for barry steelman. [applause] you, paul. K i first want to welcome all of the students here today, as well as all of the active duty retiree veterans and honored carry out ourus purpose at the veterans center. We are honoring our past iconic heroes from the greatest generation to the present generation, and to help us educate our future leaders many of whom are sitting here today. You will be exposed to some of the bravest men and women who have proudly served our country over the past half century. During this conference, you have heard from various people from different wars, different experiences, and each with teach youlessons to from their own life experiences. This morning, we are fortunate to have with us as our next holocaustof the two survivors scheduled to be here today. The first, henry green bound i willenbaum introduce him as if you were sitting there. I happened to bring a summary of his interview which was published. The other is Emanuel Manny mandel. Discussion is very important. It is timely. Not only for us to recall to hate, cruelty, and that caused by not see germany, but the us as and bigotry around you all sit on the eve of becoming military leaders. I would like you to remember what secretary hagel said yesterday. Remember to be a leader that serve all of those who with dignity and respect. Gentlemen personally witnessed humanity at its worst. Yet, they went on to exemplify the best in society. Reason they started 72 years agos why at the end of world war ii, why the americans fought on different continents to stop fascism and imperial evil prince breading. Spreading. They will show us all why the holocaust is something we can never forget. I will read mr. Greenbaums introduction. He was born on april 1, 1928 in poland. Nines the youngest of children born to Orthodox Jewish parents. His father was a tailor. Their life started off as a rather normal childhood. Invadedwhen the germans poland, the jewish people as a flourishedlived and in poland for over 1000 years. So you can imagine that when this was happening in germany, 1938, that they thought they would be saved. Invade, henrydid was just 11 years old. His father had just unexpectedly died. After his death, henry, his mother and their siblings were moved into the crowded jewish polish ghetto. Sisters and mother were deported and killed. Later, he tried to escape from his concentration camp. The away from safety, the knot sees opened fire nazis opened fire. Henry survived. His sister died on that spot. Most of henrys family was killed by the nazis. Survived the ghetto. You survived concentration camps. He survived being shot in the death march when he was only 15 years old. You would have told you personally about the things he at the agessurvived of only 11 to 17. Liberated by the American Army on april 25, 1945. I am going to read a summary that somebody a publisher wrote, then turn over the floor. I just want you to hear something more about his life. The author stated, summarizing the interview, that his passionate responses come from his experiences as a survivor. Evidenceere is little past in hisfic , he groomed appearance recalled with vivid clarity the moments of death and despair that robbed him of his youth. Companys family. And yes, as basic human rights. His family sought refuge after evading poland in 1939. Series oft to a german labor camps. Cabbage sustenance was water soup or crust from bread. He remembered the roadmaps, the soldiersgerman beatings. Gripping the chair legs as the whip hit his back. The more you screamed, he said, and the more you yelled, the more punishment you got. He revealed the number tattooed on his arm. Given inr he was auschwitz. He did not look down as he recited the number. A1891. The endlessd amounts of blood seeping from a wound on the back of his head, where a soldiers bullet had grazed him while he attempted his sister. He made it back to the barracks, where a female cousin helped to clean the sticky will and wou nd. His sister was in the camp when they tried to escape. She was not so lucky. He saw her body laying in the dirt by the barbed wire fence. He watched as a guard shot and killed her, and it was over in his mind. She was like my mother, he said. It was terrible. Family, onlytire four would survive. Gave up. Nd him down in the frozen ground to die during the threemonth death march to germany. Henry did not give up his will to live on. It would have brought him here today. He thought of his sister. There was an older sister who had come to america. He thought of them separated from him on the way to camps. I chose life, he said. No matter what they do to me i will survive. And survived he did. There were a few fleeting moments of hope. He spoke of his first real after severalap years at auschwitz. He recalled the man in white wing tipped shoes who included him in a group of prisoners chosen to work on the grounds of a factory for german manufacturers. Greenbaumy savior, said. A special assignment sparing him from the bombings that the americans dropped on the camps to destroy the enemy. But nothing compared to the relief he felt when the american soldiers arrived in april of 1945. That marked his liberation. He was three weeks past his 17th 58 skeleton weighing 75 pounds. Likeveled in small things, the food pantry at the soldiers camp where he spent the first three months after liberation. He helped serve soldiers food. You felt like having an orange, you just went and grabbed it. By the time he came to america, he had begun to leave food on his plate. Reunited with his sister and two brothers, he embraced a new life in washington d c. He took lessons to learn english, but never completed a formal high school education. He changed his jewish name to he took lessons to learn english although he never high school ormal education. During a trip to baltimore to poker, he met his wife helley who was at a nearby sin cog for a convention. This high love with chool student from washington whom he referred to with a smile as my young lady. Started his own dry cleaning service where he worked until he retired in 1997. Serves at the United StatesHolocaust Museum where he regularly about his experiences. I will tell people dont be a bystander. Speak out against any injustice. Thats how we make sure that we ever let this happen again. Again. This is part of what mr. Greenbaum would have explained to you about his experiences. Fortunate to have a survivor of the holocaust holocaust. 1936 in lativa. Though his family was originally hung grarry, and they went back there shortly after his birth where his father position as one of the in buddest. Eople was at time, bud pest most st was one of the important centers in europe. And his family were among 1,670 p of approximately jews that eichmann, one of the of the ster minds holocaust, offered to trade for allied material. When negotiations broke down, these jewish people were camp, the the in northern p germany where thousands died, girl, ng a young jewish who im sure youve all heard of, ann frank. His family was killed at auschwitz. At the beginning of world war ii, there were over 600,000 in hungary. Ens by the end of the war, more than 400,000, nearly 70 of all the jews in hungary had been killed the nazis. Manny and his mother a british troop to palestine. Which may, three years later, state of me the israel. They came to the United States 1945. Where hes lived ever since. Those of s story and many other Holocaust Survivors for each of you to the and read about at Holocaust Museum here in washington, d. C. And henry both work there and give their time to make sure next generations never forget. Rather than asking questions some of the panels have been doing, i have talked with henry and decided i let re compelling if them tell their story in the totality of how they want to parcelling it into questions. So without further adu, ill over. The floor please welcome manny mandel. [applause] is this thing on can you hear me . Of you any of you, some are from local areas and some country. Over the how many of you have been to the Holocaust Museum here in washington . Home now. N go the Holocaust Museum is a memorial and a Teaching Institution and i think its for me like me, what you call a diminishing resource. 89 years old. Im 81. O im not a kid in that sense and those of us still around need to talk about it and tell because many of us are concerned. O you remember who said those of us who do not learn our history well are doomed to it . At it or could repeat who said that . Who said that . 1863. Rge santiago, thank you, sir, but youre not one of the kids. [laughter] were you there . [laughter] no. Important, iy, very have used that particular line, and the reason is not because but the mportant line point remains, if we dont know from, we haveming no way of knowing where were going to go. Think that applies over the endeavour, every field of life. Important, its incumbent on us to learn where weve been and part of my job is to talk about where i have been and ill do that in a want to set the stage. Henry comes from those of who you have been to the museum, early in the tour of the museum, if you walk through on the fourth floor there is a chart. There is a chart of what was the Jewish Population of various europe. Es of does anybody remember that . You dont. You, most of the Population Centers in europe had populations. Wish poland was an exception. 10 jews in most the country. As a consequence, the greatest people who died and the greatest holocaust that took place was inside poland. Story but you need to know the holocaust took place in other places including where i was raised. Now, you were told i was born in lativa. That tells you absolutely nothing. That says, old story your st be born where mother is, right . My mother and father were in father had a my job in lativa and as soon as i was ready to arri they are waiting for me to hungary and ent to budapest, which was native to them. Of my mother comes from southern ungary, you may know as the form yugoslavia. Ne person comes from transylvania, who is that . My father did not know him but he reason i mention that is because hungarys relationship to the nazi government was unique. Uniqueness t the was . Only italy had the same relationship to the nazr sir did. Nment as hungary what do we call countries that allie they are allies. As a consequence, the holocaust very, very late to hungary. The war ends when did the war end . What day . Month . Very good. Why is that significant . Did you hear what he said . Thats my birthday. The war and i were born the my birthday r and are the same date and let me put ly, there is another who n born on may 8, but was the president of the united tates when the war ended, on may 8, 1945 . 8, ry truman was born on may 18 something or another. But it was may 8. An i share a birth date but the important here is nazi y does not get the invasion until march 19, 1944. If you think about march 19, dday was in june. Is over within a year. Much, much later, in our henrys ce, than experience, which went from 1938 on. You here, in give terms of the time that we have al about an anecdote something i remember which had holocaust on to the as i understood it at the time is because i was 5 1 2 years old. Of 1941, we traveled rom budapest by train south to yugoslavia, where my mother was from, where my grandparents, her of her sisters lived. Train, four going by weeks vacation around wintertime, christmas time that kind of thing. The t recall what we did first day or two but about the third day in the morning about the somebody came up elevator or stairs and said there is something funky going street. The within five minutes, two policemen came up and knocked on door. My recollection, they were decent and civil, and they said, ladies and gentlemen, you need to dress warmly, you need to come outside. We have to run a census. We do a census every 10 years, right . Did a census every 20 minutes because they believed if they knew where everybody was at i exaggerate, of course, if they knew where they ody was at all times could control population, which was very true but it was unusual morning,a census in the on the street. But didnt seem like it was that was bout it dangerous or anything. Come out on the street, stand on the sidewalk, line up, turn left and start walking in that direction. Some time. Ed for im 5 1 2 years old, a little guy and i walked and my mother carriedme and my father me and eventually after maybe wo hours or so, as i remember, we arrived at a place which i recognized. Have been of who you to europe or served in europe might know, in europe, in communities which are not on the ocean or on a big lake, but are becomes a the river summertime beach. The danube river, which is a major river in the middle of runs through the city. Southbound to the black sea. Having he summertime, been there the previous summer, this is december, i was there in august, there were whirlpools and wave pools and hot pools and music parks and restaurants by the edge of the water. Its a beautiful place but this is winter. River is frozen three feet thick. Recognized the stockaid fence that we were walking next to, which separated the street the beach area. So you have to imagine, heres the major road. Heres the sidewalk. Heres the stockaid fence and to the 0 to 400 yards left is the beach. No idea why were here. Course, as a 5 1 2yearold but neither did the adults. Why . Okay. Going along the stockaid fence which was quite long, we noticed the stockaid open. Are people are making a left turn towards the beach area, and again, we think nothing of it because we have no idea why this happening. As were going towards this gate, were some distance away there is a l policeman standing on the right side and he says to my father, are you doing here . Obviously, im with my family. Thats not of concern to me. My concern is the fact that here you are with a group of maybe a now, and youre not from here. If youre included in the youll mess up the numbers. We cant have that. Stand aside. Our little group stood aside. Almost within minutes of the i remember it, that we stood aside, a staff comes out direction, an officer in uniform gets out, has a pow wow with his croneys, gets on the bullhorn. Ladies and gentlemen, the equirements of the census have been met. Home. If i look bewildered, im just you ing of what happened, know, 75 years ago. Just took ea what place. There is a school over here you hot o get coffee, chocolate, thats not what we did. We grabbed the first three went bs we could find and back to my aunts apartment where we were staying. So you ask what happened . The first we still had telephones at the time, the first call was my mother, we were staying at my mothers youngest sister. The next youngest also lived on other side of town. We have plans today to do something, whatever it was, i dont know. Where were you . Tell her. She says thats interesting. Two in the morning, policemen came to my door, knockknock, have to do a census. She did is she invited them in for coffee and cake. Gentlemen, when my aunt gave coffee and cake, there cakes. 7 coffees, 19 room full of dishes, these guys had the best breakfast of her life. Questions, her three said thank you very much and goodbye. Kept coming in we began to understand what happened. Remember my description to you that there was the four, 300 r 400 yards, the fence, the sidewalk, the main street. The left le that made turn towards the river marched to the edge of the river, which the ice was roken that morning by cannon fire. Hey were shot in the back into the water. They were never found. If they were found they may have floating 50 miles they were ver, or found at the edge of the river when the river thawed. But what is this . Well, in the literature this is pogrom, a senseless, useless and valueless experience in saying i can do something and you can do nothing about it. Those of you who study history you might know in those and other oslavia places there were some bands of people who attempted to fight nazis in their own fashion, partisans. Alled guerrilla fighters, they would xplode a truck, railroad car, railroad ties, in some way, to approach. Nazi place in happened some the farm area of this community retaliation for that, they put on this pogram. Several hundred people were killed, no one died my aunt with whom we were staying, her were shot in her home, which was a farm outside the community, we have no idea why. They didnt want to leave or didnt do what they were told they were shot, killed. I want you to have a sense of 1 2yearold a 5 who had no idea what this was all about. Later i began to understand, many years later i do understand what a pogram was, what i k place and witnessed. I want to give you kind of a witness to iew as a this holocaust experience that place. I dont know what the timing is, do we have some more time . Now, we took this trip as a vacation trip and for us, for me it became a vacation because a 5 1 2yearold i had no understanding. Need to add a few more things and say the next morning, for example, something took place that i did understand. Thought this was great fun. My father decided what we need leave early next morning on the first available train back to budapest. Catastrophe takes place you want to go home. My we are with grandparents. Fay father said we need to go home. Taxi in those a days in that community there were taxis. A kid ry interesting to 5 1 2 years old. One horse taxis. Snow on the ground. This is terrific for a to 2yearold to competent the railroad station with a horsedrawn sleigh. That was fun. That i could understand, but to understand who i am at the time. We got to the train, took the budapest. K to now, as i said to you, holocaust but the hungary late war doesnt come to hungary late. Sometimes d once, twice a night. We lift on the fifth top floor of an Apartment Building and very time there was an air raid, as i say, one or two per night, down into the shelters basement and the the problem was when the bombs fell, the bombing from one side by the russian allies and from the other side from the western problem was that when you came up in the morning and you saw the buildings around no idea if the building next door to you might have been bombed and the kid with you to school might have been killed. It didnt happen but it could have. Is a i dont know if any of you have been in any kind bombing experience, i hope i hope you never are, maybe aneuvers but thats about as far as you want to go. Now, let me jump ahead. There were a number of things to happen. I said to you that the holocaust hungary in 1944. The name know as fat sometimes known herma herman. Very important in the flying situation. Created the e who german air force. Fortunately by the time he created the air force he was too into a plane but thats not important. Hermann igoring wrote a letter on behalf of hitler in 1941, talked about the final solution to the jewish problem. What was the final solution . Annihilation, right . It was not put into practice in 1941. 1942, there was a conference in berlin, called by the leader Nazi Movement in eastern europe. He lived in prague, and the man the ointed to make sure trains run on time and all the clean. Es are eichlan, he did a good job in terms of what he had to do. All the various countries, france, belgium, everybody else, last country he comes to is hungary, march, 1944. Piece of that story you heard, as soon as he arrived ladies and gentlemen, to talk to him was more difficult than to see the pope. He was that much of an important figure at the time. Two men were able to go see im and began to discuss with him some arrangements for some kind of a deal. What they s to be call in german, bloop, blood, for material. The assumption was, which is everybody knew it, jews were going into werentration camps, if you to have it, they would supply trucks. The material that he needed for the war effort. Existed and everybody knew it, one of the fact, n, as a matter of was dispatched to cairo, where sway and the ld british were controlling, but he let alone a hub cap 10,000 trucks. This discussion was initiated time, much of the german command knew that the end of the war was going to come they were looking for wiz to make arrangements for deal lves, something to with after the war. Eichmann survivors the war. Afterwards . He live argentina. Man where does he lever out in order argentina but o make sure that eichmann doesnt become a shoe salesman, going egotiations were on. Hitler, himself, number three in the nazi regime, would have gone argentina if he hadnt been recaught, and , then took cyanide. The millions for 10,000 trucks, it became a smaller taken to a 00 to be neutral port to be dispatched out of europe. Hitlers position was, get the jews out of germany, out of europe, the world. He accomplished two of those goals. My mother and i, not my father, part of the 1700. My father also survived the world but its a whole lot story. My mother and i were in the 35 cattle cars to be taken neutral port. Spain, portugal, turkey. Wound up, as it was told you efore, it was not a death camp camp. T was a labor a starvation camp. Into livable ert material in order to have that had to release the people. At least we could be traded. 1944, my war ends ecause im now in switzerland which is a neutral country. Both of these gentlemen are standing, which tells me to stop. [applause] im very fortunate to mr. Mandel here today. We have time for one question. One. It a good nice and loud. Stand up, young man. Im from george mason university. My question is, how have your xperiences during the war affected your opinions on humanitarian crises today like miramar, foran and example. I want to answer it in the following way. Number one, it makes me but i want to caution you. World happening in the today looks like what happened, its not the same thing. Permit ourselves to think about whats happening in all of these terrible places same thing as happened in 1933 to urope from 1945. Why is a much longer story to but it makes you understand mans inhumanity to man. Understand but i will never connect whats happening happened inr whats rwanda and sudan and many other places. These genocides are not the same issue as what happened in world war ii. Different and what happened was quite different. Leave it at that. Actually, that was a question asked and im o going to read one sentence of his answer. Wrong. That connection. He said in his interview. He voice grew louder as shook his head to underscore his conviction. Kind. As one of a there was only one nazi germany, what manny isats saying, though its terrible, you cannot make the connection enormity and hatred of that one thank you, gentlemen. Both. Big round them both a of applause. [applause] Copyright National cable Satellite Corp 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] he pushed to strengthen and empower the national government. Watching a really fierce political battle against those powerful a far Less National government and obviously Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were his foremost opponents. Sunday at 4 00 p. M. Eastern on real america. The 1980s training film unwelcomed affection about in the riate behavior workplace. Youre new here on the staff, right . Would just like to remind you here on the staff, i make a lot decisions. Im the one that puts up the evaluation reports. Three day passes, and just a little word of advice, if ou want to get along on this would be beneficial to you to be a little nice tor to. Jacksonsident andrew effort to challenge and even cripple the bank of the united s. Ates during the 1830 had said ident before anything like this. Warned esidents had americans against entangling foreign alliances, they had arned americans against excessive partisanship at home. Jackson warned them against their own government by, in his words, the rich and powerful. American history tv. All weekend, every weekend, only on cspan 3. Next on the civil war, an the military general don carlos buell, looking at some of the more