Information on our schedule any keep over the latest history news. Partners work with cspans cities tour step will be traveled to sioux falls, south dakota. The city of sioux falls is over 73 square miles, making it the largest city in south dakota. Learn more about sioux falls all weekend here on American History tv. Voices of the Northern Plains refers to the many different ways that life on this part of the country has been recorded. Either through letters or diaries or journals or photographs or objects as well. By the many, many different varieties of cultures that have lived here. What we wanted to accomplish and emphasized in the material you see in this exhibit is that more information can be gathered by just using the records we have on the second floor, our research core. The archives themselves, and also the research library. 40,000 volumes on the american west. Human habitation of the planes with date from plains date from well before the current era. Date northpologists American Indians as far back as 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Plains culture. What you will see in this exhibit is much more from about 1700. It is still precontact. We take contact. Strong this part of the country contact periods in this part of the country from the french expedition along the Missouri River, the entree brothers and their father. About 1743. Hereaterials that you see with date from before that period of time. One object i would point to in particular would be this buffalo effigy in this red tablet. E. Is is cap when i catlanit of soft a strong vein stone of this red variety up and down the Northern Plains between minnesota and the dakotas. A number offor objects. This board has an insight buffalo figure. And then it was also accused for cutting of tobacco and the use of the pipe and prior before a hunt on the plains. In addition to the place we have here, which we will see a much larger representation of said you can see the buffalo, here also is the pipe bowl carved stonehe same red quarry along the border between south dakota and minnesota. Usedthe stem that was also ork that wasdw emblematic of the plains indians. In the sense that the tribal elders would have decided among themselves to what event in the Previous Year was most important to them. Then on the buffalo high like we have here, this reproduction, symbolliff or a representation of a particular event would be would appear. From this particular account, the red course owner red ho ownerrses winter count, there is a legend that goes along with the glyph. We knew this would have been a year thatwer in the that represents. Documentationhe done by anthropologists on this the year of that particular event. Or we would know for example certainly some of those earlier years dating back to maybe the coming of the european americans, starting to come in measles. Erhaps and then certainly in outbreak of measles which devastated tribal populations, wiping out entire villages. Contact with european americans coming up the Missouri River, or down from canada. The hunters of the beaver would carrying measles and other diseases that would have indiansway that plains would have had a way to be inoculated against those. Allotment of the land skipping down here to the dividing of the land which wouldve been a very foreign concept to plains indians. Plains indians were certainly very fierce in their protection of their land from other tribal people, but the dividing of the land and the resettlement under reservations would have been a very foreign concept to them. You can see the measles and other infections coming in. , various attacks are represented in this red horse owners winter count. We have moved from the area were the earlier contact between the dakota and lakota people and the european americans to more of an emphasis on europeanamerican experience itself. Again we are tracing voices and looking for documents that tell us in the words of the people themselves, or in their own objects with that experience was like. Questions interesting and material we havent actually relates to this that actually relates to this wouldve been before trains. They would have come up the Missouri River, as lewis and clark did in their own boat. In theamboat came along 1840s for sure. Wheel fromaptains an early steamboat on the Missouri River. Collections a set of letters by a woman whose name is lily hayse. This particular letter from 1874 is one of my favorites. She writes, i waited with trunks packed for three weeks. At last the vote came in sight and we started on our perilous journey up the river. This Missouri River is unlike any river you can stream of. It is very broad and in some places shallow. The channel owing to the sand and winds continually shifting. It is never two days in the same place. Here is an eyewitness account of her first view of the Missouri River that she is now going to go up to the cheyenne reservation and become a missionary teacher. There were earlier writers of , basing their work on Historical Research and lived experience themselves. They and away became the pioneers for the writers they came after them. In particular, a writer like Herbert Krause that we have here. Krause grew up of a german extraction in western minnesota near fergus falls, on a farm. Ere farmers. Amily w what krause one of the life of a writer. He was in the iowas writer school. He got a call from the president of a college to come and establish a writing school in sioux falls, south dakota. What he ultimately wound up establishing is the center for western studies. We do have a number of connections with the writers from this particular area of the country. Krause became the writer in residence, can we have a writer in residence to this day, patrick hicks. Was note for the descriptive nature of his writing. 1939 to 1956s from , the winde ahout rain the thresher, 1946 novel, and the oxcart trail. The oxcart trail kind of ended auses novel career and that he went to essays. One of the authors that looked up to him was frederick manfred. This representation that we have right here of frederick manfreds briefcase and typewriter, a page from one of his manuscripts, and the very desk he wrote at are located here. These are photographs of mangred. Fred. Fred here he is in his buckskin boots. I will mention the word buckskin in a particular way. Behind us, in front of the desk are those actual book skins. Ins. Ucks he is most famous for the novel lord grizzly, about a mountain man, a historical character in the 1820s. He traveled up the river with a military expedition. There he had the unfortunate experience of an encounter with a grizzly bear. Were famouslyars or notoriously present in the plains. In his novel that was published red describes some experience. He ate and drank and slept all through the day and night. He slept on the sandbar, one arm late protectively over the half eaten bull calf. When the wolfson vultures threatened, the factum off. Sometimes hunger well kim. Woke him. Sometimes snarling wolves will can. A full belly always put him to sleep. Or whenng to students we talk about what is it that is distinctive about the great plains where we live, i often like to point out the fact it is the immediacy. For these writers as well, and the case of frederick manfred, he farmed for a number of years along with his father. It would have been his grandfather who would have been the first generation that would have moved into this part of the country. The samese of krause, would have applied. His grandfather would have been from germany and moved here. One of the early immigrants to this part of the country. We are talking a generation or two generations before. In order to understand themselves and to have a perspective on what their role might have been in this vast , theyalled the plains only needed to go back one or two generations. What is unique about this part of the country, i was saving it is the immediacy. Unlike some of the other areas of the country that go back to hundred, 300, 400 years, certainly the contact period for the dakotas is much more recent. Our cities tour staff recently traveled to sioux falls, south dakota to learn about its rich history. Learn more about sioux falls and other stops on our tour at cspan. Org citiestour. You are watching American History tv, all weekend, every weekend on cspan3. War, authorhe civil Brian Matthew jordan talks about the battle of the south september 1852 mountain, fought during robert e. Lees first invasion of the north, in the lead up to the battle of antietam. He describes general mcclellans response in the fighting at each of the three passes on the mountain. This talk was part of a symposium on great defenses of the civil war, hosted by the emerging civil war blog. It is so great to be here. It is an honor to call you friend and im honored to be here in support of the great work of the emerging civil war. I give a lot of talks at around round tables around the country. It doesnt matter if i am in maine or back at home in tex i