Companies, one from dubuque, iowa, and one from minnesota both set their sights on the sioux river falls is a town site and interestingly, both arrived within a few weeks of each other. There was speculation. They claimed land. Plotted off into lots and stuff and waited for settlers headed west to, and by lots in the town. 1857, and really in the 1850s, they got along well with the indians who happened by their on the way to places. And by 1860, there were 42 People Living in sioux falls. In the summer of 1862, there was some conflict with the sioux indians and what was called the sioux uprising by some started in august of 1862. And the territorial governor ordered that the Big Sioux River valley be evacuated. And about the 27th of august, 1862, all the people who lived here were evacuated and abandoned the site of the falls. The site of sioux falls remained abandoned until may of 1865 when the u. S. Army located a fort here on the site of the falls. The fort at sioux falls was called fort dakota, was really one of many forts established throughout the region and it was really, i think, established by a sense of safety and security for those settlers in dakota and also provide a perception of protection for the state of minnesota, which is just a few miles east of us. In putting together this exhibit, we were really lucky in many regards. We have a number of original accounts of the fort, probably one of the best is an account by the post surgeon, an actual official report that was written by him about the Living Conditions at the fort. What the structures were, their sizes, how they were built. It talks about the different kinds of trees that are along the Big Sioux River and the kinds of animals and fish that are available and around. This is all important because it really impacted how these men lived here on the frontier. Another great account was ehrhardt flights. A man who had served three years at fort dakota in the company and his reminiscence as a longtime sioux falls resident about what life was like at the fort, really provided insight. He talks about being able to go down to the falls of the Big Sioux River and catch enough fish to feed the whole company in an hour. And talks about the Company Commander allowed them to go buffalo hunting or elk hunting. So you get the sense of the great bounty that the prairie in the area have. We use those accounts, there is a lot of photographs. The army actually sent photographers here to take pictures of the fort in 1866, again in 1868, and we know another photographer was here in 1869. You get a sense of how that fort evolved over time. When the army abandoned the fort in the summer of 1869, it left behind about 18 different structures of various sizes. As the army left, settlers started moving in, people like Richard Franklin pettigrew spent his first winter living in one of the rooms of the old barracks of fort dakota. But as the new town developed, some of those Old Buildings from the fort were torn down and materials reused. We have one sample left, a log that was secured in 1873 by one of the soldiers who had served at the fort, a gentleman named ehrhardt flight. He had been a german immigrant who worked in the brewing industry before serving in the army. When he was mustered out at fort dakota, he remained here in the area, first homesteading and later working as a brewer and malter for a Brewing Company in sioux falls. He is the one that saved this log from the barracks building and donated it to the Pettigrew Museum in sioux falls. The army actually abandoned the post in late june of 1869. The soldiers from the fort moved west of the Missouri River to fort randall immediately. What they left behind was what became the basis of the new community of sioux falls, and really the heart of the city was fort dakota. And our website. Ore on you are watching American History tv all weekend every weekend on cspan tv. On american artifacts, we traveled to the National Constitution center in philadelphia to learn about the life and legacy of john marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States who served from 18011835. Here is a preview. John marshall begins his journey with the american revolution. He is a militia member. He worked his way to become an officer in the continental army. This experience, as well as any other experience in his life forged his constitutional views about the public role of the government and it reverberated through the rest of his life. Of theake a look at some amazing artifact. One of the highlights is the first letter we see here up top. 1827, old john marshall. He is 72 years old writing an whole letter reflecting on his life. He is talking about how the experience influenced his views later in life and we have the key quote here at the top of the exhibit which encapsulates his vision. Withnd myself associated brave men from different states risking life and everything valuable in a common cause believed by all to be most precious and i was confirmed in the habit of considering america as my country and congress as mike government. This is amazing because from time, you think of virginia, not the United States of America First so marshall, unlike many of his patrickraries like henry and Richard Henry lee would think of virginia has our country but marshall was saying thinking ofce was the United States its his country because of the american revolution. Watch the entire tour of the National Constitution center 6 00it in philadelphia at p. M. And 10 00 p. M. Sunday on the american artifacts. This is American History tv, only on cspan3. Next, lori lyn price of tufts school of medicine talks about graded ande remedies used by 17thcentury new england house was. The partnership of his stored old New England Church cohosted. Introducelighted to the immediate and by immediate i think a week, past president of Boston Society who is an old friend who will be introducing our speaker for tonight. [applause] good evening. Welcome to this wonderful program. As most of us,