I want to thank them. [applause] thank you. , americank artifacts visits museums and historic basis. In southcentral virginia, near lynchburg, green hill was a plantation operated by a slave owner. We visited it with jobie hill and a team of preservationists. They documented several buildings associated with slavery. She was introducing the team to green hill when we arrived. This program is about 50 minutes. Ok. Goodness. [dog barking] here are the Auction Blocks. That is the brick dependency. That is a duck house. This is the wash house. This one has a neat feature on the backside. It has a drain in the wall where they would yes, dump the water out. This is the slave house. My name is jobie hill. We are at green hill plantation. It is in campbell county, virginia. m here with a company they are here for me for my independent project called saving slave houses, which is doing documentation of all the known slave houses in the United States. When i was in school, for my masters thesis, i started doing research with the Historic American Buildings survey collection. It is a w. P. A. Program that started in 1936 to get architects back to work. 1000 architects were hired to go out and document Historic Structures across the United States. Part of that documentation was slave houses. Not necessarily intentionally, but they did document slave houses. Sometimes a lot of times, you got one photograph or you would see a slave house in the background of the picture behind the main house. For my masters thesis, i looked at the collection and identified all the sites that had a slave house in them. The survey has 485 sites that have a documented slave house. My fieldwork of going back and doing my own documentation i was a summer intern. I was interning for the summer with them. We went out and saw some of them. They helped me get started. Once i started, i could not stop. I kept going. Trimble is a company that makes the survey equipment i use. One of the pieces they make is 3d laser scanners. It is a piece of equipment i currently do not use for my surveys. It takes more set up and technical skill. And sometimes people. That is the one of the reasons i do not use it. I would like to start using it. Right now, it is the highest level of documentation out there who that you could do for buildings or objects for 3d scanning. They are here to document some buildings with me so i can have the highest level of documentation for a few of my favorite sites. Green hill plantation has the original slave owner here was very active in the slave trade. One of the things he decided to put in his yard is a slave Auction Block and a stand. In addition to that, there were also originally 30 outbuildings on the property. Historicallysite in history and material culture. When he first acquired the property in 1796, about 1800, the site was about 60 acres. He expanded it to 5000 acres. He was active in growing his plantation. In addition to farming, he was active in the slave trade. The plantation was large enough that it was divided into two separate towns. Upper town was the buildings by the main house. This is where we are standing. Down by the river, lower town. That was more where the enslaved people lived and worked. Earlier today, you walk ed through the area with the trimble team. What are the challenges they are facing today . One challenge is the size of the site. I was hoping to maybe be able to scan the walk from the river because slaves would have been brought to the site from the river and would have to walk up on the river to the Auction Block. I was hoping to capture it. It is quite a distance to capture. Because it is august and everything is in full bloom, a lot of the landscape is overgrown with trees and bushes. It is not a straight path. That was one of the challenges. We decided laser scanning is not the best way to show that. There is now other technology that can capture that walk. The time of year we are here, the overgrown bushes around the building has made it a challenge. It is not only a challenge for us, but also a challenge for the property owners. They recognize the historical significance of the buildings. When they bought the property, they had good intentions. They still do, of maintaining the buildings. Having the 30 outbuildings maintained and working fulltime you cannot do it. It takes a lot of of keep upkeep to take care of these buildings. When buildings are not being used, that is when they are start to disappear from the landscape. Also natural disasters happen. ,when we walked the site, we saw a giant tree that had fallen. A fallen tree can take out any building. Once it happens, you lose a building. Back there, this is where the other slave houses were. You can see the piles of stone. I think their were two that is a chimney of a slave house next to this one. I think there might have just been three. Is the chimney of the kitchen and that is all that survived. On other side, three fireplaces in it . Like, bread ovens pretty cool. We can look inside to see it might be full of stuff. Is it open . I do not know. It has stuff in it. Cellars also has the sel space under it. An attic . Yes, it has an interesting space to it. She has a thing that cuts it. A couple of buildings would be perfect for it. It would take a lot of brush in the front. I am richard. I work as a market manager. I have been involved in atlantic freetrade project, which is a philanthropic project we have been working on for three or four years now. As part of that project, jobie has asked us to come and help her documents and slave houses in the virginia area. When we laser skin, we run our scanner on a tripod and replace it with a camera that can take panoramic images. We can map the color from those images onto the laser scan and that provides a threedimensional point cloud from which we can pull models to pullr software measurements and other useful information out of it. The scanning when they are done, what is the product you will use . What are you going to see . The final product can be a variety of things. They are able to process the material or the data in many different ways. Really, it is a 3d model. The 3d model can be used in different applications. One of the applications is the can be put into drafting programs. I can use it to create drawings of the buildings. Floor plans, elevations. The 3d model can be used to view into the building. You have a 3d model and you can you can rotate it around and look inside it. You can play around with it to get a sense of the space. They can take the 3d models and make Virtual Reality models. You can do 3d printing of buildings and objects. The deliverables are kind of openended. It depends on what software or products you have. Im going to use it primarily to some peopleodel have an idea of what these buildings looked like in real time. Able to spin around and not just a lie on twodimensional views able to spin around and not just rely on twodimensional views but 3d models that help people relate better to the buildings and space. Before and after. [indiscernible] [laughter] i have invited some people from local organizations i have been working with and have supported my project. We have people from Virginia Preservation humanities. Preservation virginia. A local retailer of trimble equipment works with me. I will have people from williamsburg coming out. Architectural historians. That will be exciting because he was one of the first to document the site in the 1980s. It will be interesting to get his perspective to see what it looks like now from back in the 2017. Last time he was here was in 1980. The site was originally documented by the american Historical Survey in the 1960s. My name is ed chapel. Im an architectural historian and sometime archaeologist. Colonialr williamsburg, architectural research, architectural history. There 36 years and 2016 oned retired in of the principal things our generation did was to broaden the fishnet to look at regional buildings. We know buildings in williamsburg tell powerful stories. But they do not tell the whole story. Not everything survives. It was our responsibility to try to put that pieces to tell a theer story, particularly story of american African Americans in slavery. Went into towns and studied early buildings, particularly slave buildings. Slave houses, plantar houses in which enslaved people were domestic workers. And urbanplantation ensemble, if you will. Retired, i am continuing to do this kind of work. I love doing fieldwork in the countryside. There is amazing material in the countryside largely overlooked. It tells a powerful story. We are at green hill this morning in campbell county. It is a remarkable plantation. Green hill is probably the most or has been the most plantation intact plantation ensembles in virginia or maryland or South Carolina as well. We were here about 20 years ago when much more survived. To lookk with this team further and try to record more. It is one of many places that has this rich variety of buildings people worked and lived in, in the virginia countryside. It is worth coming back and working more. There were photographs before we came by the historic american links survey. There is good photographic reporting. We came back and did another layer of measured drawings of eight or 10 buildings, plans. Sections, elevations. A number of those buildings are now gone. Only a chimney standing. But today, we are using new technology. In some ways was a medieval system of measuring and drawing by hand. There is still a role for that. We are doing extraordinary digital scanning and recording that takes the textures of the buildings to a degree we were not able to 20 years ago using an oldfashioned paper and pencil. And a measuring stick. But we did an amazing amount of recording twentysomething years ago. We did drawings of all the buildings i described. Except for the main house. There is a professor, my thesis advisor from the university of oregon has , traveled to be here. He has been here all week. He has enjoyed it. I rick miner and i am am the senior archaeologist. I met jobie when she came to the university of oregon to take a degree in historic preservation. I teach a course called historic archaeology and preservation. She was a student in the course. She stood out because she came in with this great idea of beginning with an inventory of standing slave houses. She subsequently asked me to be on her masters committee. We maintained contact and a relationship ever since. I went out to visit her when she had a fellowship at williamsburg one time. Archaeologyorical and do historic archaeology in the west. The beginnings of historical archaeology were in the east. It helps to get out to see some. F these places you can read about them and talk about them, but to be here is special. She invited me here to participate in what she is doing. Africanamerican archaeology was stimulus for us studying the slavery period in the United States. It did not really get going until 1969. That was the first slave house excavation in florida. It was a real stimulus for looking at the whole slave experience. It was an important thing in the history of the United States and the history of archaeology to document what was going on. What are your impressions of the place where we are now, green hill . This is the most impressive and extensive site we have been at. This is the third. It just goes on and on. It must of had a sizable population. It is the most overgrown, but also there was Natural Sources of stone. A lot of the buildings were constructed of soandso they are really well preserved more so than the frame structures. There is a lot going on. Much of it is still under the brush. It will take a lot to reveal it. It will not be done on this trip. That is for sure. As a scholar in the field, how could you characterize the importance of her project, saving slave houses . I think it is an outstanding project in the sense it is bringing together a lot of the data. And she is taking a multistate approach. A lot of times, we tend to work on a statebystate basis. But she is trying to extend throughout the south. Right now, she is focusing on virginia. The other thing that is really cool kind of behind the scenes is bringing all of the people interested in the subject together. Not only the scholarly people, but also preservation people and the families. It gets everybody talking and of generates this energy. She is at the center of this right now. For me to have been one of her professors to come and see this happening, it is a really cool thing. I am pretty sure this is the front. I could have it backwards. It is the main house. That is not my area of specialty. What is interesting is the slave Auction Block and stand. The Auction Block is the taller one. The block is the higher one and the stand is the lower one. It is closer to the main house than it is to any of the enslaved buildings. It is in direct site of the slave buildings. If you see where the kitchen wouldve been, you can see the chimney back in the trees. It is almost in line with the kitchen. What im guessing is it is not in line with the kitchen in the slave house and is slightly off. You can actually see the Auction Block. Every day. Yes. If you come out of any of the buildings, you can see the Auction Block. A reminder of what could happen to you. Exactly. I am the director of africanamerican programs. We work quite a bit with her and her work across virginia. We recently received a grant to expand one of our projects, called the encyclopedia of virginia. We are increasing the slavery content but also traveling across the state and documenting slave dwellings with google software. We allowing virginians really, americans, anybody from around the world to access the sites from their living room. She has been a big part of the project. You can find it on google maps. If you go to encyclopedia virginias page, you can find it. You can see several of the Historic Sites the Virginia Foundation for humanities has already captured. If you search online, you can find it anywhere. What is your background . How did you get involved . My background is in public history and museums. I spent most of my career working with museums. I have worked with colonial williamsburg. About a year ago, i joined the Virginia Foundation for the humanities to help other Historic Sites build their capacity. One thing we do is provide grants. We are programming for research for capacity building. We do our own programs. We produce our own radio shows. My responsibility now is working with the general assembly. They commissioned us to document as many existing africanamerican Historic Sites as possible. Ll of this work feeds together with his new project, we are marrying all of the content together for something userfriendly for teachers or families or visitors, they can explore the underexplored sites that have such huge significance to us. I think it is a status symbol. He was a slave trader and it shows how good he was at his job. He is so good at moving slaves that he needed to have something right at his home. People were coming to him to buy slaves. They do not he did not need to travel to do this. He was getting so many, he had enough he could do it out of his home. The river is about one mile away. They would be delivered at the river. Bring them right up here and sell them. They had walked about a mile from the river just to get here to be sold. That must have been a horrific experience. Yes. The area by the house is called upper town. The group of buildings down by the river, lower town. Lower town was primarily enslaved buildings. It is where a lot of slaves lived and worked. Im guessing an overseer to control and manage that area. Up here, this was upper town. Does lower town exist . Yes, but not a lot. We will walk this way and i will point out the buildings that exist up here. More buildings exist in upper than lower town. There is a time of stone. A lot of it is hidden. I will point it out from where you can see it. There is a stone wall around. It is called a garden, but not a formal garden. We think of flowers and shrubs. But it is all made of stone. Originally, the site had over 30 outbuildings. That is a lot of outbuildings. It also showed off his wealth. The first building over here is a duck house. He built a house for ducks. You know what i mean . [laughter] i would not call it a necessary building. But he could do it. He had the material to do it, so he did it. Ok. I know. Better housing than the people did. Better housing for the animals than for the slaves. At any given time, how many slaves did he have on the property living and working . I do not know. I think it is tricky because he was a slave trader. He would be moving slaves, probably at least hundreds, maybe thousands, moving through here. I do not know enough about how many what shipments were and how many he kept on hand permanently. I know, for here, there would have been up here, there was a kitchen. There would have been slaves living in the kitchen. There is a wash house. There would have been slaves living in the wash house. There are at least three known slave houses. And there is a level too. And a space downstairs loft space. House with aaving loft space where slaves were living. Quite a few slaves were living up here and working. And there would have been slaves living and working in the main house probably. Few up here. I think lower town was literally like a town. It was a whole community of enslaved People Living and working. There was a mill down there. I have not found documentation of a list of his slaves yet. I have found a narrative from one of his slaves. Really . Yes. When i was doing research. Unfortunately, it does not describe any of the Living Conditions or anything. He is talking about some thing else, but it is one of the slaves. Wow. First, we know people were living upstairs because if you go inside, there is a stair that is to be right here. Here there is the header. It tells you there was a stair, that this is an opening. That is where a stair would have been. If you look at the fireplace, it is cool. The back of the wash house. And how we know it is a wash house and what makes it interesting because you do not find it often are the drains in the wall. That is what those stone basins are. When they are washing, there is a lot of dirty water. This way, you dump it into the basin and it goes out to the outside of the building. You do not have to take the time to carry a big pot of hot, boiling laundry water. You can just dont fit in the wall drain from that he can just you can just dump it in the wall drain. I have seen this at one of the building. These are cool. I dont think a lot of them survived. It depends on what the wash house is made of. It wouldve been the laundry of the whole plantation . That is a question. There are questions that come up that people are interested in. It has to do with the laundry and cooking. The kitchen who did the kitchen feed . House or the main house and the enslaved people . Same with the laundry. Was the laundry for the main house or was it for everybody or just the slaves . Those are questions that usually can only be answered through documentation describing the function. For this, i do not know. I have not seen any documentation about what it serviced. Cooking wise we look at the kitchen, i am guessing the sheer size of the kitchen fireplace, it was feeding everybody at upper town. The wash house, i dont know. I would think it would be servicing everybody may be in upper town, but i just do not know. As for cooking, slaves were always going to do some type of cooking in their houses. It is well documented and well known slaves were not provided enough rations. They were always supplementing their diet. They were doing their cooking in their fireplaces because they needed to supplement their diet. Those fireplaces, although they are not considered kitchens, they were using them for cooking and heat sources. Now onto the slave house. Yay. This is a surviving slave house. This was one of three for sure. That pile of stone that there was the chimney of another one. The east to be right next to it. When we walk around, we can see the one on the other side. This one has a loft space upstairs. We can go inside and look. He is working on his notes. We thought there were three early periods because you can see the original stair was there. The dovetail and the trim. Yes. The fireplace started, the chimney was smaller. It seems they enlarged the chimney and they moved the stair over there. The siding had been replaced wants. Now it has been replaced again. Started with a pretty big oneroom house with access to the unfinished attic. They added the rear shed. How have the buildings changed since the last time you are here . I do not know. I just got here. The kitchen was a huge loss. The kitchen had three fireplaces sidebyside with iron brackets for equipment above. House was setwash up to wash and dry clothes. You could go in the attic. The partition was covered with sheathing. Air would circulate through. This fellow was into specialized , hisvation of his money farming and his manufacturing. Seems complete but i dont ticket represents an everyday plantation by any means, even among elite virginians in the early 19th century. He had to do these esoteric things. There is nothing special about this. This is a ladder stair that we see lots of places. It is state. Not the steepest i have seen. You get a much better sense in the attic of the conditions most enslaved people lived in. It was hot because it is in the attic. It has not finished. It is pretty well built. And sawn timber joined together. It is built by a professional builder. But it is left unfinished. There is no sheathing on the rafters. An interesting point is there was no railing until this was put in after 1900. You had to be careful up here because kids could fall through the stairwell pretty easily. The first floor is specialized , better finished, more esoteric than most of the houses enslaved virginians occupied. This gives you a much better sense of the relatively unfinished and frankly uncomfortable accommodation. The hooks above the door, you see them a lot in smoke houses. They really are hooks. Hooks they made and used. You see them a lot in smoke houses. Those are the types of hooks they would make out of branches and stuff. Do you see the brick . That was the tobacco barn. That is still part of upper town. What makes this one special is in the four corners of it, there are four small rooms in each corner. Those four corners were used to read breed slaves. The original owner was big into the slave trade. Part of trading slaves is to also breed them so you can have more property to trade. They are four windowless rooms. Here is the massive kitchen chimney. Look at that. How cool is this . With the bread ovens above look at how big it is. What are your impressions of this place . This is my first time to green hill. I actually grew up in this part of virginia. I visited other plantations. To me, it was striking because there is an Auction Block. It is in the center of the property. Earlier standing on that, it was a very i felt like i was tensing up. Just imagining what previous generations may have felt standing in that spot and not knowing what would happen. You can feel the power of this place. I think the Auction Block standing where it is right now is a huge part of why this site is powerful. This would have been the last place men, women, children would have been with their families. After this place, they would have been scattered all across the United States. This is ground zero for that experience. To me, it was the most impactful aspect of this plantation. I think it is important for americans to know this history. Look at what is going on right now in todays society. We are still working through the legacy of enslavement and disenfranchisement. Before we can correct any of todays problems we need to , understand the root causes. We cannot eradicate what we are experiencing now until we understand all the factors that contributed to society today. Obviously, slavery is the root ills weof the social are experiencing. If are interested in improving our schools and eradicating poverty, if we want to ensure young thecans can achieve american dream, we need to take a step back and look at the things that caused many of the inequities. Before we fix anything, we need to have a more full and truthful understanding of the history. This is what was called the brick dependency for obvious the loom house, weaving house, or factory. I think it was primarily a weaving house. I think theres actually weaving equipment inside. Ais also has a loft space and cellar space. People were living in the space. You can go inside and look, if you want to. Be careful because of the floorboards. What is a dependency . It is what they call the spaces of service. They were not servants. They were slaves. There were enslaved people. Implies choice, like a profession, a job you chose to do. Slaves did not choose to be slaves. It is a slave house. That is about the only function i think they tried to cover up. Sometimes if they did not know the function, dependency. We did research about when people started using the word dependency. It was i want to say it was mid 1800s. It depends on what time period you study. It was a later term picked up. A kitchen, washing they would not have needed to use a generic term. I need something from the kitchen, go to the kitchen. They needed to know what the function was and would have talked about it and not try to call it a generic something. I think it is a modern generic term we have we started to use. That little aframe building is the icehouse. The one next to it is a dairy with a workshop above it. Icehouse, dairy, you know, very common next to a kitchen. The reason i studied these buildings is because i am interested in the people that were in these buildings. It is always in the back of my mind. I can talk about the structure itself and the architecture because it is what i am trained to do. It is the people i am interested in. It is the research i have done with the slave narrative that is in the back of my mind. Those are the things i am looking for. How were they using the space . How many people were in the space . How would have a used the space . How would have they divided the space . Especially for multiple families in one space, how did they claim their own space . Can we see it evidenced on the walls or floors . Where were they sleeping . Where were they working . Things like that. Others, those are questions they have. They are noticing things about the space about what it would be like to live there that i have experienced. I know i kind of know what kind of questions they will ask. If they are loft spaces, it is hot up here. Yes, it is. It gets very hot in loft spaces, especially if there are no windows or just one small window. It is interesting to listen or watch other people when they are visiting the spaces for the first time. They are realizing the conditions of the spaces. You do not get it from a photograph. From actually being there, yes, the loft space is hot. The ceilings are low. The doors are small. Things like that. What other things are the biggest misconceptions you think the general public has about slavery, based on your work . Enslaved spaces were not just single function spaces. I say slave houses. There were definitely buildings dedicated to housing. That was there primary function. But workspaces were Living Spaces also. Kitchen and wash houses absolutely reliving and working spaces. They do not have a separate work and living space. Many enslaved buildings are multiuse buildings. They changed use over time. Also during historical times. It is what was needed at the time. They could easily be swapped out for whatever was needed at the time. The idea that slaves worked during the day in this space and went home to another building at night is not the way it was. That is not true. They lived and worked in the same space. One of those spaces was the main house. When you find fireplaces in the basement or cellars, they were Living Spaces for enslaved people. That is why there was a fireplace there. Every space was a usable space and a working space. Slavery was everywhere. It was not limited to just certain places. It was everywhere. Your next survey season, what do you hope to do next . Where are you going next . I hope to do the next state with a lot of sites i know of already is alabama. I would like to do survey work down there. I would like to see how alabama compares with virginia. Virginia is very rich in history. A lot of historians architectural historians did a work in virginia. It is tied to a lot of history and president s and things like that. There is always Research Going on in virginia. It is well documented in many ways. I would like to see how other sites compare to virginia. Do they have a lot of Research Going on like virginia . Or if they are more in need of this type of documentation and research. You can learn more about jobie hills saving slave houses project by visiting cspan. Org history and viewing american artifacts. It documented a visit to virginia. You are watching american hours ofv, 48 programming on American History every weekend on cspan3. Follow us on twitter for information on our schedule and to keep up with the latest history news. Cspan is touring cities across the country exploring American History. Next, a look at our recent visit to portland, maine. You are watching American History tv on cspan3. We are about five miles outside of portland. In lighthouse was first lit 1791. Was part of the district of massachusetts at the time and the funds were not coming through. 1789 thatouse act of placed all lighthouses under federal control, and portland was the first finished after the law was signed by george washington. The area is known as portland had because it rises above the surrounding land. At that time it was portland head. It became portland head light. It was treacherous for ships to sail into the harbor not having much control over a sailing vessel at the time. Lights would guide the ship into the harbor in the correct direction. This little piece of land juts out into capital bay. There is nothing on this side or that side of it blocking the view. It was the Perfect Place to build the lighthouse. Ships coming in from the south or east could view portland headlight and no that was know that was the correct entrance into the harbor. The lighthouses at that time were lit by will oil or kerosene whale oil or kerosene. They were guiding the ships in at nighttime. It was lit in the evening and burning all night. It was put out at dawn. It serves to light the pathway at night because ships cannot see where they are going at nighttime. Several crashes along the rocks would not be good. There were several people that operated the lighthouses in the early days. Eventually, the coast guard took over operation of the lighthouses. In the museum, we have a picture of the family. The father and son team were keepers for over 60 years. After the was named keepers here at the white house. They were a friendly family. They welcomed guests here and treated people to stories of things that happened here. They had a lot of work to do with little pay. They were expected to do it every day of the year. There was not really time off. You are expected to bring the fuel up to the top of the lighthouse and into the winter room. Light the light. They had to make sure they had enough to burn throughout the night. They had to make sure there was enough oil or kerosene to keep the light burning through the night. They were expected to come back at dawn, put the whiteout, and clean put the light out and clean the rim of the soot created on the room and on the inside glass. That is what they were expected to do everyday. To keepers were expected ring the bell several times an hour while the fog was coming in. They were expected to keep the bell going several times an hour until the fog lifted. Here along the coastline of maine, the fog can last for hours or days. It was another expected duty they had to perform being a lighthouse keeper. Originally, there was a fog bell. It was later converted into a fog horn. Soundghorn will probably during this short piece. You will hear the actual foghorn located in the whistle house in front of the tower. It is maintained by the coast guard station of south portland. Originally when the lighthouse was built, it was a simple tower about 72 feet high. The lantern room was very narrow and lit by a spider lamp. Basically, it was just a pan whale wick filled with oil. The keepers were expected to light each one of the wicks in the evening. Maybe they were using kerosene for the next fuel used. Then they added mirrors on either side of the room hoping it would help reflect the light out further into the bay. There was a New Invention in the mid1800s developed by a french physicist who developed the for lens. S frenel those improved the quality of every lighthouse they were used in. We received a fourth order lens from france in the middle of the 1800s. They come in different sizes. When the lighthouse was raised up, we received a larger lens. From the ring around the tower, you will see where it was adjusted up and down over the first 100 years of its existence. Sometimes it was raised and lowered by 20 feet. Every time they would perform one of those operations, they would have to change the type of light in the lantern room, whether a different type of lens or light depending on the height of the tower. The last coast guard personnel stationed here finished up in 1989. After that, the museum was opened in the former keepers quarters in 1992. It is located adjacent to fort william. You have to come to Fort Williams Park to approach the lighthouse. The surrounding area was a former fort and now a park. Originally, it was a military installation opened in 1899. It was used through world war i and world war ii. Necessarily tot have that type of fort any longer, it was deemed Surplus Property by the government. The town purchased it. Most of the buildings when it was here when it was an act of fort have been removed active fort have been removed. We do still have some batteries located in the park. Where you come into the park, there is battery blair. It has panels that show what was there when it was an active battery. For the most part, it has been converted to park with lots of open space. When it was first lit, it was probably in the middle of a touristo it was not a destination in 1791 by any means. Over the years as the population grew and spread out from portland, people settled out here. Visiting this spot became a thing to do. Go out and visit the lighthouse. Maybe have a picnic. Walk around. Eventually, it grew to beatrice to destination in the state of maine. Probably since the early 1920s. The coast guard were sent in 1905. Back then, i guess it was the place to come and see and pick up postcards to say we were here. The famous poet Henry Wadsworth longfellow lived in portland. At that time, portland was a bustling city with lots of activity going on. Kind of noisy. Longfellow like to take long walks. Used to walk from the city of portland to portland headlight. He became great friends with the and spent time sitting on the rocks, probably inspiration for poetry. Later, he did write a pull them about lighthouses. The rocky ledge runs far into the sea. On some after point miles away, a color of fire by night, a cloud by day. In many respects, portland headlight is a symbol of maine. It represents what people think of maine from other states. We have the rocky coastline. A lighthouse. Lobster boats going back and forth all the time. The city island. Sailboats. You see the island. Sailboats. All of the things people think a maine visit would be. Our cities tour staff recently traveled to portland, maine, to learn about its rich history. Learn more about portland and other stops at cspan. Org citiestour. You are watching American History tv on cspan3. Cspan, where history unfolds daily. In 1979, cspan was created as a Public Service by americas Cable Television companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. Next on American History tv, before affairs and humanities professor discusses nationalism and u. S. Foreign policy. Focuses on what he calls jacksonian populists and focuses on how president s gained their support. He suggests the Trump Administration supporters are largely modernday jacksonians and could learn from this history. Today we have one of the nations most distinguished historians, Walter Russell mead. He is a distinguished fellow at the Hudson Institute and the james clark professor of foreign humanities at bard college. He received prizes for history, debate and translation of new testament greek. He has written many books with which are valuable for insight and for their clarity of expression. Younger members of the audience, you may have read his book the special providence american