Gettysburg. Speaker today, spiegel, is licensed battlefield guide, one of those folks with the wealth of knowledge. Coauthor to en this book top 10 at gettysburg, he is a guide at the Gettysburg National military and has been one since 2004, conducted hundreds of all kinds tours for of visitors, groups and military the united across states. He has done anniversary battle for and fullday seminars gettysburg Military Park and foundation. His topics are varied and will range from artillery action at Peach Orchard to the second sculpture at and gettysburg. Es developed world war ii cemetery, he national conducted for Eisenhower National historic site. Siegel is proprietor of the tours dot org, conducting bus touros events of the ar 10dame campaign, washington of trenton e battle and the battle of princeton. New jersey es in with his wife donna, daughter, oliver. D dog keep going. Id like to present to you siegel. Thank you. [applause] evening, everybody. Fine . Ur mics working okay. This is my First Time Ever doing book reading. This is the first time ive ever a book this, is my book, gettysburg, its my book, ignore the other seven on the front. Not true. Together, n put this people who know him, superior court judge in new jersey, when do alls and tells you to something, you do it. Im one of seven authors top 10 gettysburg, top 10 list, top variety topics and i will chapters, one of the some of the chapters that i contributed, five chapters to book and ill read from it. For the first n s very particular to the Heritage Center because it will that is on cannon exhibit in front of the Heritage Center. Many people walk past, have seen all ears, and have different theories and perhaps people hands, how many know what that gun is . Okay, you will raise your hands here. Ere done so the top 10 rare and unique on exhibit in the park. Pieces may be y especially susceptible to disputes because number one gun on this list, the grif griffith gun is not located in get gettysburg park. It has been in position for a ateration or more and is not risk of being moved any time soon, or so we hope. At a location that while it is private property, it s maintained and open and accessible to the public 24 ours a day, which technically make its more accessible than any other gun, considering the ational parks nighttime closing hours. The park closes at 10 00, you griffith gun ate 10 00 in the morning. Griffith rtant, this gun tells a great story, the point of this entire exercise. Rare piece is mounted as attraction in front of the center, formerly the wax museum. Sixpounder gun, painted black and to the casual eye has and appearance of napoleon that has been made out instead of bronze. Napoleon is bronze cannon, six a nder means it fires sixpound shell. The Heritage Center often ors to camp in front of the museum and store. Few of them are aware of the fact they are in the presence of that represents development and evolution of artillery. Y that is not this gun is surrounded by myth, it is be made the griffith gun is most misinterpreted of those on the called the iron napoleon because of the shape the gun has. It is sometimes said to be a onfederate gun, since the iron works in richmond would make napoleons out of iron toward the of the war. Also recalls lovely even nothing gettysburg, front lawn of the Heritage Center was crowded with reenactor camps, packed tight griffin gun. The author, me, camouflaged in with tshirt and baseball hat, privileged to encounter stature than less general james longstreet. Evidently camped nearby and on this particular evening cigar, while leaning against the griffin gun. Author steppedhe up and inquired, pardon me sthis real gun . General longstreet, with pride in his historical expertise barrel of this pressure artifacts mild and me, no. Ly answered the author inquired further, know . How do you the esteemed general looked at me and replied, trust me. Trust me, indeed. Points, two important the general is quite right. Ven civil war beginners have learned real civil war guns have markings engraved on the front the mussel which identify the tube, the manufacturer of the eight and the initials of the inspector, Everybody Knows what im talking about . The griffin gun has none of required markings and on was two, the griffin gun never delivered to the War Department for service in the civil war. Right, it is is not a civil war gun. Unfortunately for the general, gun is quite real, prewar prototype. The markings on the griffin gun appear not on the mussel, but trunyon, protruding sideway from the center of the tube by which it is mounted on the carriage. Case of this particular griffin gun, it has been painted trunyon times that the markings are barely discernible, even in the brightest daylight. Im happy to report that information in the book is out of date because they have and now you cant read them. The book. K with adding to mystery the gun is just as spelled, legendary miniball misspells the name of the french developer laude monet, griffin gun is brain child of john griffin, who an ordinance rifle, which is also referred to as the gr griffin gun, making life more difficult, there in lies the tale. Prestige, president of the loop states and the ussprinceton, the first war ship navy. E u. S. There have been many uss ct 59, the first one built in philadelphia in 1842. Based on the design by john ericson, legendary swedish developed o later ironclad uss monitor. Uss princeton, named after the battle, not the town or uss princeton launched with much fun fare in latest advance in naval war fare. The design, pair of mmense cannons made with the laught iron technology. The two largest navy guns in the tons weighed more than 13 with 12 inch bore to fire 225 five miles. About one of these guns nicknamed designed byhad been none other than the captain of the ship himself, robert who ton of princeton, actually helped finance construction of the entire vessel. 28, 1844, the uss virginia set sail from on demonstration voyage with 350 vip guests. Included the widower, president john tyler, the madison and four cabinet officers, also aboard were new york lawyer david gardner, and his lovely daughter the , who had caught president s eye. After hours of highspeed cruising, drinking and observing mattic blasts the eacemaker as it fired demonstration shots, captain stockton called everyone to the salvo, observe one final the president stayed below demonstration deck to finish a drink and conversation. Other dignitaries were afforded prize positions in front of the the big owd to observe moment. The fuse was ignited and the went off owder charge and blew the weakened barrel to ieces, killing eight of the witnesses, including secretary f state abel, pshore and Navy Secretary thomas gilmore. Also among the dead was julia gardners father, she fainted into the arms of the president , marriedied her away and her four months later. Had expected the princeton and the super guns to envy of the modern world. Mortified ror of it, the War Department made appeal o the iron industry to devise method to produce better gun prototypes. Collaborations would occur between the phoenix phoenixville, pennsylvania and John Griffins maller company, safe harbor ironworks, located in lan caster county. Safe harbor fabricated the base support for small lighthouses channel markers, named safe harbor. Was heating bars and intertwining them to create great weight. Ut phoenix iron would buy safe harbor and the president of Samuel Reeves named john armrys main rmorment designer n. 1855, griffin employed his technique N Construction of six pounder field gun, which became known as the griffin gun. He patented the iron bar the one day that the u. S. Patent office was closed. Christmas day, december 25, 1855. Griffin guns bear that manufacturer and patent markings eir trunyon including the one at the gettysburg Heritage Center. Known to survive, this one, a tube mounted on a at the Phoenix Iron Company museum in phoenixville nd unmounted tube at Pennsylvania Military Museum near state college. Sitting on only one the gun carriage as the gun would have. It was an awfully heavy tube for delivering mere in terms of t, but metallurgy, this gun was a break through. Griffin would experiment with the placeon sheets in of intertwined bars. Ordinance ented the rifle, which was 200 pounds lighter than the griffin gun and fired projectile that was twice the size. Gun, therefore the griffin gun never came out of the prototype stage. Not known how this griffin gettysburg. This was a renovated Heritage Art Museum e of the exhibit designed with the aid of trust. War the current owners only know the old gun came with the prpt and they say the current owners only note that it came with the property and they say they are keeping it there. So now you all know i will keep watching to make sure that thing is still there. Does anyone have any questions . I would like to read a couple of more. If i can. One section is the top 10 color bearers. You know how do you pick one . I did according to markers and the battlefield. If there is something on the battlefield that is evident or connected it could be a monument or just a monument that is dedicated for them, that became how i selected them. The first one i want to talk about is the carolina monument. It is right in front of this position. Everyone who comes here can see this. This is the other monument. The 12 new jersey infantry which is over by the barn. This North Carolina monument is over in front of the artillery battery. It should be in front of this monument. Enough about me when he read what is in the book. His name is daniel boone thomas. The heroic story of the carolina infantry is enshrined in a marker placed tragically closed to the wall next to hancock avenue. Any of the men were able to do this or if they can charge you they would rather show they were North Carolinas better than virginians. It is stunning to stand i this marker and look at by those guns only a few paces away to imagine the valor and sacrifice going to make such a charge. Chart across that mount and go to those guns. I have done these deep research into the charge many markers are in accurately place. Sometimes this is expressed as a criticism. I as the author do not intend this. It is a privilege to have all of these dramatic memorials even if they require a gentle correction. A gentle correction comes at two points. First, it is too far south. The unit hit the wall far closer to the bard and the position of the infantry whose members recounted the event when they capture that flight. Second the marker implies the North Carolinas got this close to the wall and no further. The fact is private boone got over the wall. The story is without parallel and is in the annals of the civil war. No single regiment lost more single men than this unit over the course of these three days in july. The 26th North Carolina was the largest regiment in that army. In the horrific fighting note hewitt then 14 flankers fell as the regiment crossed the position of the brigade. Among those killed a flight in his hand was the beloved kernel who was only 21 years old and by the time the regiment lined up to join his attack hewitt than 230 reported for duty. One sergeant carried the flag before artillery fire brought him down. Several more men picked up the flag and work it as they struggled over the fence with a hail of bullets. Taking up the flag from a wounded officer. In a active in same courage he charged valiantly up the slope far in front of everybody else. A second man ran close, it was a miracle they were not shot to pieces. As they rushed the wall the troops held their fire. Struck by the spectacle of courage. What they could not know was that they were running forward completely alone. The regiment was not with them. No one was with them. They had outrun everybody else charging directly into the position all by themselves. They reached up their hands and said to come over. They stepped over the wall and were taken as prisoners their flight became a prize. Thomas was sent to a prison camp in a island off of the shore where some 2700 prisoners perished of disease and were buried. At the largest Civil War Cemetery in new jersey area it is a good story, isnt it . Did i point that out. We have time for another one . I love this one. There is no monument with the soldiers name. It was dedicated as a important spot, this is the 81st and so bring it regiment. A center of a week deal, it is almost dead middle in the field. You can see this monument, it is not as unique as the fifth from new hampshire. It is what you are looking at. A lot of people do not even notice it. It is the story of james mckale. The 81st pennsylvania. All of you are going to go out and look for it, arent you . The 81st pennsylvania, there is no monument or marker that identifies him. At the dedication of the pennsylvania on you meant in 1889 they officer said it approximated the spot where their color behr went down. Many of us have known someone like james the 20yearold irishman from philadelphia how do i say this charitably . He was a unredeemable slob area months of c can have a notorious effect on a persons hygiene for some of them being back on land right no improvements for their habits. He was dirty, his close were often soiled with shaggy red hair giving him this nickname. Officers always made sure he was hidden in the back. One may expect when the regiment was in camp nobody would share a tent with them. Until it came time to fight. Cap manners evaporated as the enemy would summon him to the center to lead a line. He was one among the men with that in its bookable courage and ferocity. In the slaughter at fredericksburg he not only advanced the colors of the 81st pennsylvania but also during the withdrawal he picked up the flag of a sister regiment the fight on july 2 proved to be difficult as he prepared his brigade to slap into the georgia troops that had overrun the wheatfield. As the lines form he moved to the center and unfurled the flag of the 81st pennsylvania regiment. This was to be his final battle. The regiment cleared the crest of the wheatfield. The confederate force came into view and they opened their with a shot through the heart. That is to of our 10 color bearers. I also wrote the chapter top 10 women of gettysburg, would you like one of those . If anyone has a question you do not have to wait to the end. I may read one or two. Top 10 women of gettysburg. You would think a book written by seven men would overlook the women but we have a dedication to our wives. I have to get through the day. The military history book written by a pack of men, not here. The cost serves a higher purpose for the story. Women were excluded from all aspects of the military as they were with the aspects of society. It was this oppression that made a historic impact all the more extraordinary. Certain landmarks of feminist history have already taken place. The Seneca Falls Convention had already happened at the time of the civil war. Elizabeth blackwater blackwell had gotten a medical degree. All of these were just the first steps, the efforts would not be results until the 20th century when the women of 1863 were expected to be content with a secondtier existence. Many women in the aftermath of the battle of gettysburg refused to be discontented. The battle had this shoveled the institution that would keep women in their place. Thousands of wounded man owed their lives to the tenacity of these women. The number one woman on that list is lydia smith. The first woman on the list because she represents a entire group of unnamed women that are often overlooked. There are pratt have hundreds of these women who left into the middle of this terrific ordeal and thought the battle as christian soldiers. Not taking lives but saving them. The battle of gettysburg was a human catastrophe. A disaster on such a scale had never occurred to in previous major battles one of the armies would remain on the ground for some time. Putting the troops to good use and bearing the dead setting up hospitals and cleaning up the place. Now in this the most gruesome battle of the war both armies rapidly moved away. Leaving behind 22,000 men too badly damaged to take care of themselves. Every public building anything with a roof was packed walltowall with them. Thousands more wounded were left outside in the orchards and forms, today there are signs that the euphemistic label civil war hospital. Famine and disease were rampant. Lydia smith was one of the many who procured a horse anyway that she could. One newspaper account has her spending all of her cash to rent a wagon and a horse from a neighbor. These women provide relief to these hospitals. At nightfall they would drive back into town and went up for one mile or more while the cooks of the Christian Commission and the Sanitary Commission worked overtime baking bread and frying pork. The wagons would be loaded with food and like us. At dawn they would go to the various hospitals. The women would spend the time feeding and caring for the men they would resume their place on the resupply line. As many she showed no preference or prejudice. The men were heard and it was her duty to hurt as many as she could. If there happen to be a confederate line there is one for just as painful. His life would be just as valuable as a Union Soldier why nearby. It made no difference to her one expects no difference at all to the men she helped save. One account in a newspaper identified this particular woman as none other than lydia hamilton the fact lydia smith was a black woman made no difference to her, and one expects no differences at all to the men she helped save. One account in a harrisburg newspaper identified this particular lidia smith as none other than lidia Hamilton Smith who was quite famous, having served for decades in lancaster and washington dc as housekeeper, hostess, and possible romantic partner of thaddeus stevens. She is depicted in this role at the end of the 2012 film lincoln. By the actress apotha murkeson. [indiscernible] so there is a picture from the movie of the address portraying lidia Hamilton Smith. We are not entirely positive this is our lidia smith. It was a new one newspaper clip, harrisburg, that said that is who she was. Now that i closed my book, the famous lidia hamilton did have gettysburg ties. She was born a mixed race child of an irish father near gettysburg where she worked for a black barber named jacob smith. She moved with her sons to lancaster to work with that he is stevens. Thaddeus died in 19 sit 1868, and he gave her a huge sum, 5,000, which she purchased his house in lancaster. Her home and his form the core of a 10 acre historic complex. And i have this way of saying one more. It is a good one. And i will show you the pictures before i put it away. It is upside down. Here we go. Euphemia. What a great name. Euphemia goldsborough. I find her very interesting read my daughter has become a baltimorean. Going to school at loyola. Here is the statue in baltimore, a memorial to the confederate women, and the statue phase trigger to the women taking care of wounded confederate soldiers and prisoners. Baltimore was a secessionist city with southern sympathizers. You may know the first Union Soldiers killed in the battle in the civil war were killed on pratt street in baltimore during riots, trying to prevent them from getting to washington. Effie goldsborough. Many women travel some distance to attend to the landscape of wounded at gettysburg, some with relief, some with themselves. Confederate sympathizer from baltimore, which was full of secessionist sentiments. The first union deaths in the war in the pratt street riot. They had to cross across ideological boundaries to get to gettysburg. With thousands of wounded confederate, these prisoners had the fewest available surgeons. They would be on the lowest priority for food, supplies, and treatment. This deprivation would continue in the prison camps leading to the appalling death camps at palmyra, Court Delaware and point lookout. Wounded confederate pow gave a remarkably detailed account in 1867 of his suffering at a Prisoner Hospital set up in one of the most iconic buildings, pennsylvania hall, the Main Building of gettysburg college. His document invites exceptional detail of the relief, spiritual and physical brought to them by like angels. One of the more famous of the wounded confederates was waller patton, grandson of general mercer from the revolutionary war. His brother George Patton was the grandfather of the famous world war ii general. Patton was badly wounded in pickens charge. Was not expected to survive the night unless someone propped him up to keep his lungs clear. Goldsborough, half his size and weight, sat back to back so she could keep him vertical and breathing. The relief was successful but temporary. Patton died shortly thereafter. Goldsborough stated two months according to her own letter book in which she kept a journal. She collected notes of appreciation from the men she cared for. She wrote with great affection about one texas veteran, who died at number 13 1863. Two months after the battle. Would to god i would have saved you, but all is over. Worldly sufferings are ended. If tears or love could have availed, i would not but to weep by his gravesite. That is one of her letters. On her return to baltimore, she wrote a lengthy letter to sams mother, reassuring her you must not feel your son died in an enemys country with none to love or care for him. The whole brigade loved him as well as all came in contact with him. A comforting letter to another. Eventually authorities began cracking down on confederate sympathizers in baltimore. Effie was arrested. Her house was searched. Her sympathy was used against her, and she was finished until virginia until the end of the war in virginia. I think i have eaten up my time. Look at that area now i know how long these things take. Does anybody have a question . I will be outside with my friend joe and others to talk more about the book. Thank you very much. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] youre watching American History tv. You can keep up the latest industry news. Tonight, the founder and ceo on how taxpayer dollars are spent and the need for government transparency. Summer, we found that veteransme that 1006 died waiting to see a doctor. On an art 20 million portfolio. It was sculptures priced like fivebedroom homes. They serve blind veterans. Cube rock sculpture for 1. 2 million. This is the kind of waste that is in our government and. Monday night on the communicators, a visiting scholar on Net Neutrality. He is interviewed i david shepardson. Take what we call 5g, it is a technology that will start being rolled out next year. It has tilted into it what they call slides. This violates the idea. That is throwing Net Neutrality out. How robert ely maneuvered his army after the battle of gettysburg. He also describes the reorganization of those armies during the months that lee retreated. This halfhour talk was hosted by the gettysburg Heritage Center. My name is tammy myers. Our next presentation is by joe mcknight ski. He is a licensed battlefield guide here at Gettysburg NationalMilitary Park. Joe is the past president of the association of licensed battlefield guides and the gettysburg civil war roundtable. In addition, he is on the falt