A little. Does it make a difference if you live with a family or by yourself . No it doesnt. I just want to get out of my sisters house. At approximately 7 00 p. M. They were completely out and the only thing they have now is what they have on. I need a place to stay until i can move into do you have any idea how the fire start snd. Yes. The firemen said that gasoline was all around thrown all over the furniture. I see. Mr. Wiggins were you there at the time of the fire . At the time i was attending school. But im sure i know who had that done. But im not sure who did it for us. For edwin jones, iii, the corps of youth cadets mean his first job and a responsible place on the city streets. The payoff for abder dangerfield, hes a rescue of the confines of a lonely hotel room. How long have you been living in the roosevelt . 50 years in september. Its too heavy. Im going to carry it for you. Do you want a steak . No. Not any steak today. Milk . A lot of us are going to school, still, you know. And some of us are dropouts, things of that nature. A skeptical reporter asked, what exactly is the aim of the pilot project. The answer according to one staff member, to bring the people together, whether it be in the squad car or on the street. Blacks and whites, civilians and police. For the time being there can be no large claims of success and no sure promises. Only the assurance that this is a beginning. The three office of Economic Opportunity films you have just seen are part of the collections of the National Archives and are available for viewing at their youtube channel. Available online is a fourth film, the hour long documentary, the people and the police which depicts the threeyear life of the pilot district project and shows the struggles between the police, the community and project leaders which eventually led to the cancellation of the experiment. We dont need the police here. Yes dont need all the police outside. Well have order in the building. Well have order. Wait wait. Hold it. Hold it. Every meeting we have called have order. The iowa state fair is happening this week in des moines with several president ial hopefuls attending. On tuesday florida senator marco rubio stops by the event to speak at the candidate soap box. Well have that life at 11 30 eastern on cspan. Later on in the day the same venue will hear from Ohio Governor john kasich scheduled to speak at 5 00 p. M. Eastern. Live coverage on cspan. In this recent Associated Press image within protesters in 0 oakland, california are blocking a street in front of the Police Department to call attention to grand jury decisions in missouri and new york not to prosecute White Police Officers for the deaths of unarmed black men. Next on American History tvs weekly reel america series, the people and the police, oakland, a 1974 krontv documentary about Police Brutality in the community and various strategies to reform the Police Department. Almost from the day it was founded in 1848, the folks across the bay in San Francisco have been making jokes about oakland. Theres no there, the poet tryst is supposed to have said. Oakland is no other that faceless other city across the bay. Today californias fourth large es city is a booming center of art and culture. But oaklands new glom more and prosperity are not shared equally by all of its citizens. Nearly half of the population are nonwhite and many are poor. They dont use the coliseum or the airport very much, nor do they hold their share of the jobs created by oaklands new industry, port and transportation facilities. Most of oaklands black and brown citizens came here from the south during word war i irk lured by recruiters for government and private industry to work in shipyards and defense plants. After the war, the shipyards closed and many factories moved to the suburbs leaving most nonwhite workers behind. Technology put more worker tons unemployment and welfare lines where they were joined by farmers and farm workers forced off the land by the growth of agri business. During the 50s oakland became a stagnant getto surrounded by the white hills of alameda county. Oaklands all white Police Department earned a reputation for headknocking brutality that left a wellremembered legacy of bitterness in the minds and hearts of many who lived in that time and place. I was growing up in the late 30s and early 40s. At that time the Police Department was perceived aez blue and for the most part there was extreme fear in the people at that time when the police came in the community. I remember one specific situation where several young blacks were being apprehended by the police or they went into their homes to pick them up for some alenged crime. I remember one particular Police Officer kicking one of the young people who couldnt have been more than 13 or 14 years old. I think that the black panthers raised a very significant issues, and that was the brutality of the police when they came into the black community. The police were in the same position as most of the government, not being in fact responsive to citizens needs. For many years in our opinion, in the policeman, what would characterize as a gun hold orientation. We taught them laws of arrest, search and seizure and patrol practices which could only result in an officeroriented in a very narrow Law Enforcement way. As we went about, in this Police Department, as an operational style in the 50s and some part of the 60s of stopping people on various pretexts it was a mandate as it were of the Police Department itself. We incurred very bad relationships in our community. Today there is a whole new relationship developing between the people of oaklands gettos and the police. Police officials hold regular meetings in the community and they are wellreceived. This is one of the greatest things ive seen in roak land in my 30 years here. I never thought i would see the day. Back in 37 and 38 the police sit down and criticize you. Its our responsibility to get out in the community and well be here if you want us. Im here to assure dwlau the men you see sitting here that work in the oakland Police Department will be striving to achieve a goal. Theyre going to take a human nis tick approach to policing. I dont care how frous traited the Police Officers are or the citizens, i want to see every citizen treated with dignity. I think theyre moving away from the head knocking brutal physical approach and trying to be more Public Relations oriented and hopefully more sensitive. Ive seen some dramatic effects because ive been here when the case was jux that posed in very hard terms. In a moment, a look at how things are going in oakland these days between the people and the police. Block boys dont you let the sun go down on this here town arent you going to go to jail, boy or you mind wind up getting dropped 6 feet down i joined the department in about 1965. It was very different from what it is now. I think we were a lot more aggressive there. I dont much care for the word harassment. I would say there was a time we were a headknocking department, yeah. There are about 700 men in the oakland Police Department. An overwhelming number are white and most live in the suburbs outside the city. Patrolman john dixon joined the department after a stint with the coast guard. He grew up in holster as a family man and likes his work. To this extent hes a typical Oakland Policeman. In the past there was a quota system. It wasnt down on paper. But it did exist. You were expected to write a certain number of citations and if you were a good policeman, you made a certain number of arrests. The quota system has to result in more aggressive policemen. They had to go out of their way to find certain things. Maybe they went a little far overproducing numbers in arrests in just about every way. What has happened is that chief gain said no more kwa that system, and there isnt any today, and thats fantastic. We spend more time today talking to people in a lot of situations where they probably would have gone to jail before. And i mean a lot of situations. Prior to 1968, the mid1960s at least, the philosophy of the department was to operate base kri as a legalistic tile of Police Department. Gradually into the late 60s and early 70s, we began to change style of operation into what is frequently referred to now as a Service Style of Police Department. George heart is oaklands new police chief. He obtained leadership of the department in 19634 when chief gain retired after 27 years on the force. The change came about because it had to come about to be responsive to the community. The community was saying to us, i think, that we want a Police Organization which services the entire community in a fair and impartial manner. And we want a Police Organization in which we can have confidence. First wed like get you to think as well as you can about the way you looked at police work and the way of operating before you even started recruit training. Oaklands new policing style is a product of an unusual collaboration between the Oakland Police and a group of social scientists. One of these sciencists is j. W. Grant. Grant and his claegs had been remarkably successful in helping convicted criminals overcome their violent behavior through a process of self study. In 1969 they convinced Police Officials that by helping violent prone policemen study their own behavior, they would reduce the violence between the people and the police. The chief agreed it was worth a try. Today the self study process is carried on by the departments conflict management section. At the time there was no regard to the quality of the work. It was just, you know, basically a numbers game. One idea that developed early in the self study process was that of tape recording, actual confrontations between oakland Police Officers and potentially violent citizens. The recordings have proved invaluable in understanding how to avoid conflict and are now used the training new Police Officers in the art of discretionary decisionmaking. A Police Officer probably has the broadest powers of discretion in carrying out his pucks than any other citizen. So what were going to do today is sit down and listen to two patrolmen as they intervene in a family dispute. Were not saying that everything they do in this tape is the right way to do it. But they made certain decisions throughout this tape. Were going to sit down and critique these bit by pit. This is an actual street incident. These are real policemen and real people. Some individual officers when they come into the recruit academy feel theyre coming in to be trained to be a tremendous crime fighter. They dont realize thats only a portion of their training, a lot of it is going to be in how to deal with people, how to meet the everyday problems of the community. Unless youre going to arrest me, arrest me. If you aint going to arrest me i would kind of like to talk about it first. Say, look, man. Thats my wife. Im her husband. Youant got nothing to do with it. You understand me . Calm down, man. Dont tell me to calm down, man. What were trying to provide or promote is an officer who does his job, does it well, does it efficiently, who does in fact produce but who at the same time is a very humanistic individual who understands his familiar len and understands himself in the department. Hes told you in probably 20 different ways what the problem is. One of the officers already has identified it. He wants her back but she doesnt want him back. Im not tell them not to use force because there are those instances where they must use force. But also what im saying is theres all different ways to establish your authority as a Police Officer. You can establish authority by humor, you can establish it by showing concern, pure physical force is not an absolute. Thats not the only way one controls a situation. What i need is a woman, man, but i cant seem to find myself a woman. Im looking for it in this one right here but i cant seem to find one. Ive been getting drunk every night since ive been home, you understand. Whats the problem . Hes screaming it at you. Seems like it might be sex. Okay. Why didnt you say it earlier. Very simple thing. Until he started screaming. Plain old sex. But the Oakland Police do more than just talk about violence prevention in their academy classes. Each time an officer must use force in the performance of his duty, its reported to a computer and periodically the computer selects out those ausers with an unusually high number of critical incidents. Theyre invited to appear before a panel of fellow officers who review in meticulous detail his handling of situations that resulted in violence. Were asking you to be very candid with us. Were asking you to admit your mistakes. Every guy on this panel has made some of the same mistakes that youve made. None of us here are perfect. What were trying to do is find better ways of doing things. The Action Review Panel is voluntary and confidential. No record is kept and no disciplinary action is involved. An officer may sit for as long as eight hours while his peers question and analyze his actions, judgments, personaled a tuds and even his mannerisms. Yet since the panels were started in 1971, no man has refused to participate. The moderator is officer bob crawford of the conflict management section. In this case the first ever filmed, the man in the hot seat is officer bernie garhart. The suspect had an ill he git mate child and refuses to stay home to take care of the child. He had to be subdued to be taken into custody. Oak. What happened . I dont remember it you realize that things like this are official records that can be subpoenaed into court and you can be put on a stand, being sued and somebody can hit you with a report just like that and six months later you might remember it. Two years later you would be looking at the guy saying i had to physically subdue a 17yearold girl who has only been out of the hospital for three weeks after having giving birth to a baby and i dont remember a thing about it. It it could color you looking very poorly. He has sat on panels before. But i think it struck him being different to be sitting in that rather than one of the other seats if he had a machine gun, he could have killed both of us. Listen to what hes saying. I know. You could have had your head blown off. I know that. In his case he realized he had a small mans con plex. He kept thinking he had to take the affirmative action in the arrest to overcome the small man thing which he doesnt have to do because he works very effectively. I might be wrong about what the object of the panels are. But when a person starts showing up with oun of these after another, were supposed to look into one and i wanted to ask the question, is he one of these men it hes not as big in stature as some of us and its clear in some of his remarks, does he have a small mans complex and hes taking it out on the kids. When i first came on i did have a size problem. Im only 58. Im not defensive about it. I dont think i am. Im quicker to act because im aware of my size, especially when the person is bigger than me. If there was no peer panel, no one to call attention to the fact that an officer did have a particular problem, whether it be a small man complex or what have you, he would act this out on the street and it would be misread. I have seen the real hard egg come up here, sit through the panel, totally reject the panel, yet go out and do a different job than he was doing before. You pointed out some things that i was aware of. Sort of halfway and i didnt think it was really showing much. Its good to have somebody tell you something that youre already aware of. Because then you know other people are aware of it and youll make a better opportunity to control it, i think. That panel is good. You picked a good panel. There isnt an officer here i dont respect. From that aspect, its good. If there were a bunch of turkeys sitting here, i would have left a long time ago and you would have heard about it in the locker room. The suspect should be considered arm and dangerous. Both are wanted for conspiracy and forgery. Since the inception of the Action Review Panel and other self study techniques, there has been a dramatic drop in the number of conflicts between the police and people of oakland. Resistance to arrest and salts on Police Officers dropped as much as 30 in a single year, while citizen complaints against Police Officers have been cut in half. But policemen are tradition traditionalists with. Many still like the idea of the super cop, the courageous law man who always catches the crook. And some of oaklands finest are still uncomfortable with their departments new style and philosophy. Theres basically two parts to the job. One part is enforcing the law, and the second part is, lets say, helping people. Relationships with people are a whole lot better than they used to be. But as far as enforcement of the law, were slacking off, and thats part of the job. John dickson works in the hard core getto of west oakland. The neighborhood is very poor and almost exclusively black. It is not an easy beat for a white policeman working alone. You got to be realistic. You child may go through some more as a result of my talking to her. I dont think he can go through no more than any other kid thats on the street too. The move has been good, were dealing with the people in a much better frame of mind. The results are much better. When i go into peoples houses, you dont get as much of a hassell as you used to. Yet at the same time, youre still respected as a policeman. The public respects us more than they used to. I get a lot mf cooperation and you find that more people are at least willing to give you information on the side than they were befo