Present, before the czech republic, i was attending a in prague. Two things i recall is that within weeks of czechoslovakia, part of the warsaw pact, economic opportunity, there were people selling used shoes on the streets, the free market was bursting out all over. But there were two things i recall from being there. I was talking to a woman with forum which was a movement and i asked her about, you know, being a political party. And she pulled me up short and said no, we dont have parties in this country. We tried that. It didnt work. Were a movement of ideas and i remember that instant she got it. She understood what freedom was about. Its not a party membership. It is an intellectual movement. I joked to somebody architecture from the 12th century still thrives there. I joked that one of our sponsors was the town needed a good sandblasting. He said, no, we need 20 years of Economic Growth and then well sandblast. Speaking of blighted landscapes in the communist world, in many of the major cities under stalin, they would build a palace of wul temperature which was always in hideous taste and very uncultured. The standing joke always was the best view in town was from the palace of culture. Why is that . Because its the only place in town where you cant see the palace of culture. Getting back to the oil and energy, its interesting. Even though we have a passive engaged present, we are not the leading free world we used to be. But the saudis are doing today what they did back then. Its not a coincidence that just now the gas prices went up. Also our industry with little help from the government has boosted production. But the saudis are keeping oil prices down because they dont like mr. Putin, either. Mr. Putin temporarily has done these things like invading, an exing crimea and inviting unofficially parts of the ukraine. Theyve rallied temporarily. But i am reminded, mr. Putin in a curious way is behaving like a greek colonel from the 1970s. Hes doing something thats temporarily boosted his stock, but his economy is starting to crumble. Weve had a number of questions about policy in this administration. Kwhit comes to u. S. Policy regarding support to democracy today, do you have any advice for president obama . Yes. Consider early environment. I said, president obama, here is how you should conduct Foreign Policy. Whatever your first impulse is, sit down, take a deep breath and do the opposite. Im focused on my 1980 moment and i think we are now the Current Administration is not going to change. They are where they are. I think they continue to go down the same path. I worry in the middle east that theyre aligning, that iran at the expense of israel and egypt and our traditional i worry that we will have a Nuclear Arms Race in the middle east. In three to five years. All that being said, i think that im looking to the future. The tribe of the united states. Because we dont seem to agree on much of anything. But the beauty of reagan was that he understood that we are different and thats okay and he found a way to talk to all of us and honor all of us and bring us all together. So my advice for the Current Administration, byebye. And my advice to the next administration, i cant wait. At the time, in 1977, Ronald Reagan was part of it, was for a time we disturbed the movement and the advance and idea of shadow government. Reagan was very much a part of it. The idea was to counter at least counterpropose or offer alternatives to the initiatives and policies coming forth from the Carter Administration from the secretary of state and secretary of defense and other people. So my advice would not be to the Democratic Party because it would take my advice, anyway, but it would be to the Republican Party is to start developing consistent, coherent Foreign Policy and dont be ashamed about inviting foreign leaders to come address the house of representatives. We are there are three branches to government. President obama is not the president of the house of representatives. John boehner is the speaker of the house. He can invite whoever they want. I think they should invite other dignitaries and foreign leaders and start developing their own consistent coherent Foreign Policy in preparation for the election of 2016. My question before then we move to the we had a number of questions that on a point that craig raised. Let me ask this of all three of you. And it was was there a specific moment that you point to that was the moment when the Tipping Point changed during the cold war where we stopped losing and started winning . I would say it was probably right around i dont know if you can pick a specific time or place, but the rhetoric out at the white house changed dramatically that has been going back to 1946. Is that when reagan began talking about we will transcend communism, the evil empire, and in a thousand other ways. And it wasnt just him. It was everybody in the administration beginning in 1981 was and i think, too, is that were i think maybe where you can point where there was a linchpin or a breaking down was the election of 1982 which was in many ways or tried to be a referendum on the Nuclear Freeze movement. I think it was enormous in this country. You had thousands, tens of thousands of people protesting every day in the streets in los angeles, Baseball Players in new york and washington and, of course, in western europe was over the department with two missiles. In western europe, there were tens of thousands, maybe even millions. And, yes, the American People supported reagan. He didnt drop from the polls. But in terms of deploy the missiles and standing help with the soviets, the American People should the stood by reagan the whole way. The election of 1982, it was a setback in the house, they picked up that incentive and i think in many ways, that was the beginning of the end of the domestic opposition to Ronald Reagan because you saw it melt away after that. 84 becomes the ultimate referend referendum. If he loses in 84, and the hallmark of his campaign is that Foreign Policy. He talked about the economy and putting people back to work. Really with the hostages in iran and losing the cold war, that was up in the minds of many voters in 1980. If he loses in 1984, is that this should be history. But in 84, he went by a remarkable landslide. That becomes the referendum which proves that 80 was not a i would say while that was happening and making what im about to mention possible, theres the other side to look at. And the turning point on the other side of the wall, so to speak, and it was directly inspired by Ronald Reagan. Incidentally, the westminster speech, anthony golden was the writer who is the primary writer assigned to that speech and he did he deserves the credit for the basic groundwork of that address. But anyway, the west minister speech and the reagan message, the other side of the equation was what started in poland and it was the first crack on the other side. Because they were given courage. Someone in the west actually said theres an evil empire and we see you and we support you. And the polls happen and very soon after, it happened everyone else. All of a sudden, the emperor had no clothes any more. Im not going to you guys are doing a great job. I dont want to interfere. Good job. Fantastic. Well, we would like to take a moment. As many of you know, one of the things that goes along with this event is an essay contest. So before we thank this panel, we would like to take a moment to recognize the fact that we have dozens of essay contest winners from across literally the world who parted at the high school, cleanly and graduate level. And riding on this scene and we couldnt get all of them here with us today because one of the winners was from california, one is in south korea, one is in tennessee. But we have three of them with us today and id like to recognize them. Youll see in your program theres a number of sponsors there and were delighted that the scholarships that go with these awards were provided by the sponsors. On the high school level, one of our winners is a local student who wrote an essay entitled democracy, an elisive gloel or a pipe dream . Spencer. Now, our first place winner in the undergraduate category is a student at college in Santa Barbara and couldnt make it here on this cold winter day. But im delighted to have our second place winner who is reejt University Undergrad whoses say was entitled Ronald Reagan and global democracy and thats mr. Chris metiere. Finally, in the graduate student category, the winners are from tennessee and in second place was a third year law student, took third place in this category last year, democracy for everyone. Katie. Would you help me in thanking our three winners today. American history tv with a look at journalism history. At 8 00 p. M. , women reporters in vietnam. A new exhibit reporting vietnam, the museum hosts a discussion with women who covered the war. At 9 20 p. M. , we marked the 150e anniversary of the nation, one of the oldest magazines in america. We have interviews. Journalism history on American History tv, 8 00 p. M. Herein on cspan3. For the weekend webs here are a few book tv special programs. Saturday, august 22nd, were live from jackson, mississippi, for the inaugural mississippi book festival, beginning at 11 30 a. M. Eastern with discussions on harper lee, civil rights and the civil war. On saturday, september 5th, weir live from our nations festivals. On sunday with our live, indepth program with former second lady and senior fellow at the American Enterprise institute, lynn cheney, book tv on cspan2, television for serious readers. Coming up tuesday, a Panel Discussion considering the Iran Nuclear Agreement and the role of sanctions including as part of the deal. Thats 10 00 a. M. Eastern on cspan. Later, a forum considering the Iran Nuclear Agreement and its implications for the international community. Thats 2 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan2. This weekend on the cspan networks, politics, books and American History. On cspan live from the iowa state fair. President ial candidates speak at the Des Moines Register candidate soap box. Beginning at noon, well hear from republican senator santo m santorum, lincoln chafee, Bernie Sanders and sunday afternoon, more coverage from the iowa state fair at 5 00 followed by george pataki. On cspan2 saturday night at 10 00 eastern, missouri senator claire mccaska on her life and political career. Sunday morning at 10 30, desusa talks about his recent book america and Campaign Finance law. On American History tv on cspan3, with many president ial candidates visiting the iowa state fair, we look back at the 2008 president ial race. And saturday evening at 6 00 on the civil war, historian and author john corsine on the 1864 battle of mobile bay, the resulting Union Victory and the closing of one of the phenomenon fed rasys last ports. Up next on American History tv, recentlient university looks back at president reagans speech. We hear the speech after a brief introduction, then a panel on reagans role in confronting the cold war soviet threat. This 2 10 program was part of the annual ro