Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome the Health Protection agency with Accurate Information when those threats arrive. As the head of the agency, doctor redfield has been one of the leading voices in this pandemic sharing and issuing publichealth guidance and about how to safely return to work, school and daily life. Cases are spiking across the country and as a result we are seeing some states resort to different types of lockdowns like we saw in the initial and americans everywhere are hungry forer information and guidance about how to navigate the Holiday Season and an uncertain winter. We will address all of these issues and more and take questions from the audience as well. Without further ado, doctor redfield, welcome. What can we tell the audience about the state . G thank you for having me. We are at a very pivotal time in this pandemic. We have a significant number of jurisdictions in the stas that are in what we call the red zone and lasted a lot longer than say the spring and summer. The other thing it had a much more steep trajectory so when we look at the surge, this was sort of the rate of increase in the summer. And when we looked at this, this is more with the rate of increase is. Also it is lasting a lot longer. Usually it is between four to five weeks before we get a peek and this time it is closer to eight to ten and in many areas we havent peaked yet so we are in a very serious time and i guess the gooder news is the heartland and the Northern Plains have started to decline and hit their peak. But at the same time thats happening pandemic isth having a resurgence in vienna, ohio, pennsylvania, the midatlantic states, the southern sun belt also now moving back up to the northeast as well as california, oregon, washington. So, we have a very expensive pandemic now throughout the nation. Many of you probably saw that in the month of november we had over a million cases reported each week, 4 million cases were reported in november. The hospitalization rates are going up and maybe we will talk more about that. That is one of our great concerns whereasis in the spring we were talking about 20 or 30,000 people in the hospital and now we are over 90,000 people inn our hospitals. I think one of the most concerning things about understanding the impact of the pandemic right now and there may be questions on it is to recognize that as we sit here today, 90 of the hospitals are in [inaudible] risk for hospitalization and potential to negatively impact the Hospital Capacity and high transmission zones. So we are in a very critical time right now about being able to maintain the resilience of our Healthcare System in the spring we were dealing with new york, detroit, new orleans, los angeles. A we could shift healthcare capacity from one part to another. We saw similarly the southern wave we could shift healthcare capacity from the heartlands and the Northern Plains. Right now unfortunately, we have a pandemic throughout the nation and there isnt that resiliency to be able to be shifted. This is why it is so important at this time and we will talk moremo about it. Its to embrace the mitigation steps that weve tried to stress. The time for debating whether they work or not is over. We have Scientific Evidence we just recently published when they came out with their mask mandate and other counties opted in and when you compare those they had about a 6 decrease in the observation period of new cases per hundred thousand. And other counties that decided that they didnt think this was the way to go and opted out of the mandate we found out that they had over 100 increase in the case. Coupled with social distancing, being smart about crowds and doing things outside more than inside, these are critical mitigation steps many people dont think it could have much of an impact but the reality is they are very powerful tools. They have an enormous impact and right now its important that we commit ourselves to this as we turn the corner with the vaccine but the reality is december and january and february are going to be rough times. I actually believe that they will be the most difficult in the publichealth history of the nation largely because of the stress that its going to put on the Healthcare System. My question for you is what can we do to change that trajectory and is it as simple as masks, social distancing, isolating, et cetera. What do we do to change what looks like a terrifying trajectory . I think that you are right when you look at the difference of the models. We look at the original spring we lost about 100,000 people, some of these were lives that were lost at th the consequencef this pandemic. We were potentiallyre looking at another 150 to 200,000 people so this is a significant time and you asked the right question because we are not defenseless. The truthis is mitigation works and if we embrace it, and the alchallenge is its not going to work if half of us do what we need to do. Its not even going to work probably three quarters its going to require all of us to be vigilant about wearing a mask. And unfortunately, not just in the public square. We are finding now much of the transmission that is driving, who wouldou have believed north dakota, south dakota, wyoming, these areas in north dakota recently the reason that this is happening is because now one of the drivers of transmission is not theic public square. Its actually the home gatherings where people let down their guard. They dont understand that under the age of 40 its totally asymptomatic and really being able to get a handle on asymptomatic transition in the family setting which is now driving. Then they end up developing symptomatic illness. We are in that range potentially now starting to see 1500 to 2,000 to 2500, and that is per day. So yeah the mortalities are real and i do think that unfortunately before we see february, we could be close to 450,000 die from this virus but that isnt a fait accompli. The American Public really embraces social distancing, wearing masks, not letting your guard down, limiting crowds, maintaining ventilation, events outdoors rather than indoors, making sure you are vigilant with your hygiene. That is coupled with some strategies we are pushing states to begin the diagnose through surveillance the asymptomatic infections will begin to help. Theres one example of hope because i used to think the most difficult group that we were going to have to help contain this pandemic was basically college students. I thought it was going to be very hard to get them to fully embrace the messages that i just said. And in the spring we had significant outbreaks on the collegee campuses. But what happened over the summer and fall is many of the colleges and universities stepped up to develop a comprehensive mitigation step that they engaged the student body to actually buy into and they coupled it with screening the student body every week so they could identify the asymptomatic silent epidemic that was in the population and pulled them out to prevent them from the further transmitting. They had all through wisconsin students in the highest risk group 18 to 25yearolds but most of these kids dont live on campus and their prevalence rate is between ten to 20 . It reaffirms to me that it can work and even some of the biases the difficult groups that participate i can show you the same is true in the South Carolina schools. The idea that the coupled mitigation was routine screening surveillance able to identify the carriers, they are powerful and the truth is it is ourom defense against. Im going to come back and say that its really up to us and how vigilant people are going to be about taking to heart this is a publichealth tool, very simple there are still jurisdictions probably on this call the difference between a 6 decline or 100 increase whether the county decided to embrace. That is remarkable and we should help you to get that message out. That do you mean the random testing how do you define surveillance . I tnk its important if you wanto take a sort of hindsight, the question out the is how many, how much Testing Capacity did we need as a nation to optimize our Public Health response and i would say that is more than w currently ve. The second is how it is used. Is it random or strategic. We could argue right now one of the big challenge that hit us with this pandemic was we had modeled it in our heads so it isnt that complicated to have a aogram that says lets look at people that were sick and then isolate, Contact Trace and control e pandemic. The problem ishat it isnt like sars. Its major transmission rticularly those of us under the age of 45 is that it is asymptomatic. So you dont know who is infected and who isnt. So all of a sudden, that strategy ofde looking for people like we originally did in januy and february and telling people to stay home and wear a mask that works for the symptomatic people, but the problem is you just missed 50 or more in certain age groups of the people that are carrying this virus and so therefore, youve got to say okay wait a minute. How do wee then define the silence and asymptomatic transmission. And we would argue going back to the College Campuses they figured out they are able now to identify the carriers, pull them out in the transmission cycle and theyve been able to control the outbreak. So there has to be a sategic use of testing. Right now liverpool recently decided what they were going to do to get a handle on the silent epidemic. They tested everybody in, wh liverpool and figured out who was infected and theyve been able to isolate. We have areas now we are doing Community Watch stratic testing where theres hotspots to try to understand. We are lookinge at the guidance coming up this wk trying to help institutions and publichealth groups, Companies Look at how they might be able to use routine screening samples to offer routine screenings for teachersy in k12. Others feel it might be eful to look at otherrs people that ha a lot of contact and set them u for routine screening so you can start to identify. You will see that we list a number of different straties. None of them have been really proven in the sense that we know thathis is the tool that is going to now contain the epidemic. But we do know that itwe is pron to help identify the silent transmitters and as i mentioned i think the schools of Higher Learning are teaching us something. G. I think that they have been able to use testing strategically. Its actually very interesting if you look at theolleges and universities that tested everybody or you compare the two people that tested everybody in Contact Tracing around symptomatic cases you will see the colleges that did the routine screening once a week had a far greater or less occurrence of covidnd the popution. I want people to know that we do have tools and it need it needse strategic. One of the challenges is that people that choose to get tested are thet worried well and its more important to be strategic in the testing in terms of when you set ua routine sueillance system once a week or employees or some portion of employees so youor get the sense of trying understand is it now working. Youve mentionedther techniques like wastewater but i do think that the biggest chlenge right now is to identify the silent epidemic and to try to get that out of the transmission cycle. I am chairman of the board with the center for american india enterprise development. We represent the native american businesses around Union Country here in the united states. My question is theyve been hit hard by covid19 if someone has recovered but they could be reinfected. This is a good question. And so far we have seen very limited evidence of reinfection. Thereve been several case reports. Weve had other examples that i think drive the message home. We have had a camp that was careful about trying to control infection and what they had were they results quarantined before they came to the camp for 14 days. They were all tested, and they were all negative and then they were able to go to the camp and they were all tested and they were negative. The camp decided they wanted a great experience so they didnt want to have that modulated by Something Like wearing a mask because they felt they quarantined everybody for two weeks and they tested everybody. What happens is a huge outbreak. I think close to 90 all called infected so there was a group of individuals that had an antibody when they went to that camp and none of those individuals got infected so right now we have pretty good evidence that it is protective against the reinfection we just dont know for how long. We dont know if there will be osix months, a year or two yea. We are going to learn all of those questions right now. But its one of the things that gives uss great hope before we o this g. 70 be efficacy we would be excid but to see 95 efficacy for the first two vaccines and all of the others are based on the same target i think we have a lot of optimismsm that is when infectin is protective for some period. A kind of followup to that. Do you imagine that there is a rule where airlines might inquire a proof of a ccination. That question came up directly and i tnk institutions are going to make those decisions. Im required to take a number of vaccines in order to practice in the hospital i used to work in. I anticipate being vaccinated is going to be another requirement forga healthcare. It is a potential for the longterm Healthcare Facilities i think the airline industry, and you mentioned that for employment especially even though we get control which i think we will by the Third Quarter of this year the pandemic isnt going to be controlled for multiple years so lets always have a global risk of reintroduction for the susceptibles that they have. It will be a decision i think each industry will make but there are Certain Industries where i think that it would be important to protect their workforce and some other industries where it may be that theyto make sure protect their customers and consumers and groups will wrestle with that but i will not be surprised if a number of occupations or situations make a vaccination against the requirement. We have districts in the u. S. That wont open. It seems like the transition has been lower than we were afraid of. What do you think that its going to take to open and remain open . I try to say this every chance i get so im going to say it again. I think its important to use data to make those decisions when they hit their 3 point we have substantial data that shows schools, facetoface learning can be conducted particularly in the elementary and middle schools in a safe and responsible way. We are not seeing as you pointed out these infections within schools in any significant way. When we see teachers infected, we are finding that they are infected from their spouses or community. When weth see students we find t that i was an infection that occurred in the community. We are not seeing the school transmission. On so ive been a big advocate of that and i believe in my heart the Public Health interest is to have them in the facetoface learning for all the reasons we talked about. We have had suicide as we know and i think its healthy for these kids to be in school. When thiss started over the summer, no one really knew for certain. They thought that these measures would work. We can operate these in a facetoface learning and in a safe andd responsible way. They have been a source for the major transition and so far when we haveen looked at this, we havent found schools to be a major source of transmission. We have seen other sources like i mentioned family gatherings. So i do think that we should use that data and make decisions based on this anda. Right now te answer to controlling the pandemic isnt necessarily closure. There may be some that make sense to have bars open until 2 00 in the morning where people are without their masks drinking and clouded bars that maybe shouldnt, maybe instead ofha 10 people they have 200 people and looking strategically broadly shutting down businesses. If the schools can learn how to do this safely and responsible, airlines can learn how to do this safely and responsibly. Businesses can learn l how to do this safely and responsibly. And again, we should use the data to define when we find an industry that poses a unique risk that may require some type of restrictions rather than these broad restrictions unfortunately. A couple of interesting things that you said there. [inaudible] one of the greatest tragedies early on is when schools close was the social disadvantaged individuals that really didnt have or the individuals that were in the workforces that didnt have the luxury these single mothers how they had to deal with it is they had their kids then go stay with their mother which is exactly the opposite of what i want to do in protecting the vulnerable. I dont want to see silent asymptomatic infected children stayta with grandma who might he diabetes. So i think really the point is i really want to applaud the teachers that had the courage to take a chance on the Public Health advice that was being given knowing we were going to be monitoring this very carefully. I also, the parents that had the courage to take the risk because in the absence it was all opinion but thats what im saying now and obviously what i said in the new york situation that will get your data and im glad to see the truth is they show they are not a source of transmission and i think that when careful studies are done they willo see Virtual Learning and have a higher infection rate and thefe kids that do facetoface. It has to do with ployers and i know that you said universities learn how to do i and airlines. We certainly know a lot of businesses have learned how to because there are businesses that have been disclosed. Closed. This next audience question gets to that. Good afternoon, doctor redfield. I am the president of the Minnesota Chamber of commerce. Here in minnesota we have seen growth s in Community Spread thats actually shown up in the workplace and this has caused concerned with availability of workers and threatened the certainty among consumers as well. What can you offer as advice to those that want to work with employees to limit the Community Spread through their business . I think youve raised a really important question that goes over all of this. Whether its schools, businesses that the key to controlling infection in schools and businesses is just what you said. Its controlling the Community Spread and how do we control the Community Spread. And i do think it is just going to come back to i dont know whether mandate vers non mandate but i know that the Leadership Matters in terms of messaging and that everyone comes to recognize that this is a serious situation. I know that if i have to walk outside of my car on the way to the airport from the parking lot in a nano second now, i feel like i didnt put my pants on if i didnt have this and i can tell you when it started sometimes i get halfway to the gate, people were looking at me and th i realized i didnt have myd mask o i think it is such a social norm. Andgr i have 11 grandkids now. The youngest is to. The truth is all of the ones over age to, three, four, five they are all weari their masks when they go do their thing. They are very conscious of it. So, the more that the cmunity can and brace these mitigation steps i think is the more that these businesses can start imcting communities because thats really wherebe its comig and if they decided to do this strategic testi, then ive suggested in some businesses it also helps them begin t identify in their own workforce wherthe silent spread is coming into their workforce and that becomes an important tool identifying the asymptomatic individuals so they do not amplify within. We know that this virus unfortunately is really infectious. I thk its probably the i closest ing its theo closest thing we have to measles that we have ever seen. Its interesting the mitigation we are doing in this country right now the influenza rate is at historical lows now. We are still just about to get intoo influenza season s i do really encourage everyone to get the influenza vaccine. But the reality is the spring season, flu,ummer season and even ely fall season are at historical lows, so these mitigation steps are helping even in the fact that we are probably only doing them 50, 60, 70 of the American Public. Bu it isnt enough to contain covid wch is really, really infectious. S hurley vaccine tissue pollution will go as it should for the vulnerable population and in terms of essential workers, how should we think about defining in that context quick. Thats a very good question. Technically the department of Homeland Security makes those classifications as you know. Owt each community and i can tell you are someone that supports. One of my sons is in recovery i tried to help my daughter obviously my own family , theres no income coming into the household there is a a problem. Everyone can look at what is essential to them to maintain their livelihood. This is one of the reasons why i feel strongly the kneejerk response to control covid somehow we have to limit the economy your business so figure out how to operationalize and i do think for me i think teachers are the central. Each community will find there is the technical definition and Homeland Security and they do include teachers now. I dont know really answered your question. When i see a single mother raising four kids and she may be working in a Grocery Store or hoping to provide custodial services, too far she is essential with her and her family. There is the other aspect of what we need when we first got into this issue with cdc came out with guidance as suggested if you were a essential worker and exposed and asymptomati asymptomatic, you could return to the essential job asyo long as you monitoreded your symptoms and he wore a mask. Part of that came out when we were in the state of washington on a visit only had a significant number of firefighters and those that were isolated they did have a Fire Department so this was trying to give balance that there is essential services that are critical to the function whether First Responders or hospital workers we have one Hospital System in washington with over 600 workers out on quarantine or with the industry work and meet packing plans et cetera. Think the country knows how close we came to have being a gene shortage because of the outbreaks of the meatpacking plants is important for each family to understand that and each group but i am aware there are a number of people who dont have the luxury that some of us have as long as we get on soon more a webcast. A lot of these people have to actually work in the environment we need to work hard to make a safe andns responsible and we need to honor those people imagine all the Grocery Store works decided it was too risky to go to work s i am confused if dhs talks aboutssential workers be refer to these decisions at the local level then who is in charge of Vaccine Distribution . We can come back to that but with the workers it is dhs i was trying to make you are that for individual families there is an arbitrator dhs clearly has essential workers. So i was just trying to show ive come to understand that dhs witnessed i remember working withr his family he thought they were and essential worker he cannot support his family and many people understand that. A lot of people that have suffered by having businesses close. I would argue with you da sttegic decision rather than step back. W we are much more smart with data behind us and these decisions need to be made. When it comeso vaccine first itit is exciting people should give credit where credit is due is for suggested we do have one by the end of the year. I dont think s people thought that was feable. The reality was the mission wasesigned before january 2021 now we have two vaccines with submissions and two more vaccines or for now th are in the phase three trials its very probable we will have therefore vaccines approved in the Uniteded States which is real remarkable and to the first of thee year. The challenge will be it will be constrained there will be enough for everybody who wants a vaccine to get a vaccine i said publicly that would be seconduarter or Third Quarter 2021. It has been criticized but the estimates areight on target but we do anticipate they will be delivered to the American Public this mth. Currently t way this will work as we have the Advisory Committee practices making preliminary rommendations and we will modify those in december. But more importantly we have worked since the smer with the 64 jurisdictions of the nation to develop a micro distributi plan. And from the federal government Distribution Plan to be assigned forhe first wave of the vaccine we distributed this month and ultimately the individual governors will decide the micro distribution to make recommendations the cdc makes recommendations but ultimately itshe local governors that will make the decision how thatbe will be distributed in their community an those plans developed andork through over the last three months and i antipate that would be and evolving situation where vaccine becomesable available. When they dont think it will be unified. And so its a good chance we are back in and we have questions for planning earlier in the year. Hello doctor redfield ceo of the chamber of commerce we are proud to have the cdc headquartered here in the peach state. People focus today on q1 and q2 of next q year. We have programs, event programs, events, receptions we have planned throughout the year so what advice do you have rest as we planned for q1 and q2 . A very important question. I think we would be heavily in mitigation for limiting crowd size, limiting gatherings during that timeframe. Thank you want to be vigilant and smart. Outside is better than and inside and smaller is better than figure. I wouldnt be surprised if vlad of jurisdictions at the state or local level have significant guidelines. Especially for the size of the crowds. You can see what i tell you have 30 percent of the people that got tested are positive , if you have a crowd size of 100 people there is the a lot of positives in the crowdou dont know about and this is so easily transmissle. So you will have to plan. Virtual will dominate the scene First Quarter 2021. Smaller crowds will limit. I dont think you will have any significant grace from people the on being vaccinated so i do think the first two quarters particular the First Quarter021 and most of the Second Quarter will still be a fairly strictive r environment for us when it comes to crowds and codefendants. I dont think we will get out of that until fall 2021. Another question that you are releasing new guidance on quarantine periods. We talked backstage about the clear and consistent guidance of the data that gives good information to the public. So talk about the quarantine. Agencies like ours have to have the courage to change we have data to change and i will say not everybody understands that. When we thought the virus was largely transmitted symptomatically we thought if you were symptomatic then you wear aatsk mask. That could help with the search control. But we didnt realize in early march a lot of the infection is asymptomatic. So now we want everybody to wear that resource control so that was controversy because the change based on data. Quarantine is the key tool to keep the virus from spreading. A lot of people never understood if i was infected , i was told to isolate for ten days. Is not infected, was told to isolate 14 days. People suggested maybe i didnt make sense why do i isolate only ten if i am infected and 14 if im not exam the reason is if i know im infected because i got tested or asymptomatic, we know the virus shedding within the body of the individual infected becomes negligible in ten days and thats why they could test out of quarantine but if they are exposed we dont know if you are exposed when does your body start to replicate the virus . Originally it was five. 2 days later it is seven. Seven days. We only had data looking at the probability i would somehow not start shutting the virus . So it turns out the greatest probability would not miss anybody is 14 days. Now since we have done a number of studies because obviously 14 days quarantine has an impact on productivity and quarantine and we have done a lot of studies over the spring and summer to get the update that we could model. And you are right today new guidance will be coming out from cdc doing your best thing as we speak. That guidance is based on data and modeling of the data. That if you are solely for ten days p, the probability will start replicating a virus after that is 1 percent. Its a balance. Now that 14 days is bad but how does society want to balance . Ninetynine. 9 percent or is that good enough for ten days . In the model also shows if you test with the football leagues and trying to gather data and College Groups if we tested day seven and you are negative , we will define at least 95 percent. Now coming out with guidance allowing people to make those judgments that they can test out at o seven days otherwise they can stay in isolation 14 days. I think that will make a big impact. A lot ofnd people really dont isolate 14 days. And i think getting people to commit getting out of the transmission cycle is important. Thats the data that is coming out today seven days with a test between day five and seven and ten days without a test. Those Community Leaders on the call without and information changes because we studied more thats a good thing. And keeping people out of work and out of school that ending on a positive note maybe i am leading the witness but to think the specifics with covid19 will help us prepare for the next crisis . Do you feel we are learning something . Talk about how scientists and doctors are learning as they go is the public learning . There are a lot of lessons. The first one i want to emphasize because my time comes to an end here is one in january, the nation was severely underprepared for this pandemic and we have to call it the way itca is. And i became cdc director i was not prepared to understand how little investment of Public Health the premier Public Health institution in the country but we really have a lot invested where we need to be with data analytics. We have invested in laboratory resilience the Public Health capacity has multiple platforms in the world of the original test it worked the day we did it and to this day where there was a problem when we manufacture the test around the country so we didnt have toou centered on and to send it with a flaw it was actually a design flaw corrected over the next five weeks and sinceek then the Public Health community had that. We develop that on the t flu platform. So none ofic these labs had the capacity and there was no resilience in laboratoryhn technicians in the Public Health workforce Contact Tracing was less than 50 people there is a huge lack of investment which i hope this pandemic will change on the other hand i am concerned if a vaccine comes through and people will forget and there is a lot of testimony on this willissue, the pandemic cost the nation straight out probably 8 trillion and the indirect cost they would say in terms of the economy another 15 or 20 trillion. It would seem wise for us to invest 100 million we need to invest across the nation. Most of the funding goes to the Health Departments and we are the dominant vendor of the Public Health infrastructure so that has to be invested in the first lesson. And really realize its time to have a public h Health System that not only the needan but deserve. I hope thats one big lesso lesson, the second lesson from the public, and it is a painful lesson is how critical it is to have germany and messaging. G harmony in messaging. To get everybody on board you have to have clear unified reinforced messaging. The fact that we are still arguing in the summer about whether or not masks work or not was a problem. I think the fact we are arguing about nonsurgical come in fact we closed healthcare we do not need to close healthcare may be some elective cosmetic surgeries, but we did not need to have 85 percent of the kids not get their vaccination series or to see individuals no longer seek Emergency Care we saw many more heart attacks than those going to theks hospital so needed to be much more thoughtful and surgical and datadriven and i would say the same for the economy. We didnt need to have a broad shut down c we didnt need to shut down the schools. So hopefully we can learn it is important to step back and not have a tendency is that we do it for everything. People thought to get the schools open like myself we never wanted them open safely or irresponsibly we wanted to figure out how to keep them open safely and responsible because they are Public Health value. The same with business to our nation runs on business and one of the greatest casualties of endemic this year was the impact on the business community. And as i mentioned the impact on General Health care. And on our childrens education. That seems to me and thats the consistency in messaging and the thoughtful interventions that are clearly designed based on data to have a critical role. We will see a lot of books written on this i will see reflection in january because thats the key we owe the next group. What did we learn that works . That didnt work . So the next time this happens, and there will be a next time, the nation is much more. Blessing i will say is we should really celebrate the innovation brought to bear on this if you think about it we have these vaccines now to will be approved by the end of the year into very soon after with five vaccines moving to the system. Look at the new therapeutics sitting here in march and apri april 27 percent of all deaths in america in april were caused by covid. 27 percent and now today it is 11 percent. That is still huge that it was at 27 percent of the mortality in the age of over 70 was over 25 percent and that was not a good one out of four chance of dying. The enormous impact with the new therapeutics developed with the antiinflammatory strategies and now the potential fornv convalescent plasma and many of these therapies you will hear this week whether convalescent plasma these drugs and therapies need to be given you get sick enough to go to the hospital soon as you are diagnosed get into care and get treated they work to keep you going to the hospital. There are two phases of the illness the virus and the information when you are out of the hospital with the virus stage that is what we need to have a hard. That that innovation brought to bear will not get us where we need to go if we dont come back to what i said before we need a Public Health system that is robust and needs to be throughout the nation and we need to file consistency in messaging so the American Public will come along with us when we try to articulate the critical mitigation steps we all need to take to be the pandemic. Thank you so much for all of that hope you comepe back to help get clear and consistent messaging with the efficacy of time. Ccines when it is the country also needs more calm wisdom for on fro people like you thank you for your mesging and hard work to our country. Thank you. Thank you for your time. Thank you for tuning in. You can catch past episodes stay safe. Wash your hands and wearar a mask and get a flu shot and we will see you soon. Hello, everyone, and thank you so much for joining our weekly operation of warp speed briefing. Whilewe continue to face concerning thank you so much for joining our week the operation warp speed befitting. Will we continue to face concerning epidemiological trends across ch of the country, we continue to recee good news through operation warp speed with the announcement on monday, two companies havei filed