Books and more information and attached window. Then you can submit questions to me directly for the q a. Whenever it moves you during the event, please feel free to ask a question. And i will ask it at that conclusion of the conversation any of those questions that we have received. It is a reminder, you make a purchase on our website and i will include the link on chat. It also shop for other books in a bookstore. Thousands of titles are available if you live in southeast michigan. We do ask you consider a 5dollar donation. This is for our programming. For this weeks events or for the events of the month of september before events this year coming to megan donation and otherwise we simply thank you for your attendance this afternoon. In this evening and this morning to penny on where in the world you may be joining us from today. So without further ado, bachelor of science degree in mathematics in the United States air force academy in 1989. In the masters of an identical and science and aeronautics from the university. And selected by nasa in 2000, was a violent aboard Space Shuttle endeavor in march of 2015. And since command of the International Space stations been over 200 days. One of the stars into part of first of the imax film a beautiful planet released in april 2015 and also the author of you from above and is new houston. Before he became, cohost of the astronomy podcast, also the creator of the videos on youtube. Hes been a space journalist for over 20 years. New discoveries in the universe and space expiration. Please joining me and using your zoom class. To welcome terry into your living rooms. Ive got too loud and clear frazier. Its good to see you again. John is good to see you as well. s been so long. Aspirated before we get started with this weeks conversation where i will just ask you every single question of ever been curious about the space wise. Youve got Cool Pictures to share of your experience on board the station. I do. Let me jump into that soda screen chair. The book that were talking about tonight let me find the screen share. I think i have to have permission for one. And is on the way. So how an astronaut, thats what that i really wanted to write, is something that is fun to read. Wanted to have this book that is something that is not technical coming dont have to be a space in order to really get into it. My goal when i run it was for readers to laugh. Im soda memoir part in his million astronaut memoirs is not one of those. Is just something they you can read by the pool or by the beach. Fiftyone short essays. The chapters are all short. Can bring them in any order that you want. Just designed to be a fun, learn something, a lot of the chapters are things that you would expect. And a lot of them are things that you would not expect. Theyve seen another irrational books. So these are a few the chapters that wrote. And of course every good astronaut book starts with lunch. It in a talk a lot about of the different aspects of the launch just getting into your suit. And how complicated that is in the process of getting strapped into a Space Shuttle. It is not exactly like going are getting into your carbonite seatbelts. And then the experience of the launch and all the noise and abuse that i had for you and the sounds of things happening what it felt like to have the experience of the launch. Ive done a lot with the test pilots. Thought the new waves getting into. Actually launched on endeavor was unlike anything that i had done before to say the least. Salons chapters. Cool. I like that part of the story. Another part of life in space, that you probably would expect would be spacewalking and again, getting in that suit that you simeon, nothing three or 400 pounds. In six hours to get into. Astronauts decrease their pressure, they have to worry about the same problems as scuba divers happen that is getting when you changing pressure. If you do it to quickly praise him in hollywood, just on your outside and start fighting the aliens. In real space this whole process takes hours. So long ordeal. So doctor that it was really like to be outside. During this big suit. But this little thin plastic visors party and then on the other side that is instant death. So the threats level of being outside is a little bit higher than doing other things. And abuse that i saw i felt like at times i was saying creation. Like humans are not supposed to see this. And this is gods view that i had to get back to work and plugin small cables. So there are these extremes and 99 percent of the spacewalk his work and than one person is saying is that you cannot so theres a few chapters on spacewalking that is. Fun. My computer just locked up. Can you hear me. John i can hear you. Terry interesting. Let me try and do this. A backup. How is this. John yes we can see it. Terry so another aspect of life in space was i had a chance to fill a movie. I hadnt planned on it but my whole life ever since i was a kid ive been saying, i missing movies. And i love them. Thats what motivated me to be an astronaut. And when i found out that i was going to get a film of beautiful planet. Which was tony myers final film. Shes been a director for all the imax movies going back to the 80s, all the space movies. Shes amazing and its hard for me. Now that ive actually made the movie last year. Hopefully moving into tv infiltrated and to getting this film a beautiful planet was amazing. I ended up taking a lot of pictures. Theres some poor guy here in houston whose job it was to count photos. In turns out that it took more than anybody. I just took a lot. The experience of doing that was. Amazing. I am sitting here staring on my own computer. It. John theres a lot going on in your background. I think it keeps us busy. Their ego go. Terry how is that. Okay. Hopefully my laptop dont lock up again. So this is picture me taking these photos from a beautiful planet. This is actual international in that kukla. It i installed in the last two modules of the cuba. John that was amazing. Terry it was amazing. Its everybodys favorite place. Its an incredible. Can even describe it. So one of the parts of the strongest learning how to be the author freedoms the crew medical officer. Those actually that. So i got to spend a week at the hospital sewing up people and got bit by their pit bulls. In been in car accidents, chemical plants fires in all kinds of disasters. I was learning how to do with these different things. I would always put on the whitecoat what is going through training. And took the stethoscope around my neck. News engineers that houston would volunteer to be guinea pigs that we could poke and prod because we needed practice on people. Is super nervous that i was going to draw blood. He see me and my white jacket. They would take hold of even a doctor and have looked at them, im a pilot. He turned white as my coat. So the medical training, i loved it. I really fell in love with it. Survival training maybe had not think about of the hindu in the air force as a fighter played in case you get shut down. Or you have to go it to a prisoner of war camp. I thought i was done that after going up with the air force and then doing it with the French Air Force that i didnt change with quite a bit when i get to nasa, had to do it with the u. S. Navy. Those part of vanessa turning that i had to do with with the russians. And i also had a new water survival then again and now separated twice in alaska for this kayaking trip. I just spent a lot of my career living in freezing and being hungry. So theres a chapter about all the different experiences there. Flying just something you probably expect is a most important training we get. You can practice the Technical Skills of how to install this piece of equipment and how to do this experiment. But the thing that flying jets gives you more important than anything else is the ability to have your brain, we call it say head of the jet. Had to think five steps ahead and whats going to happen in the future. The good of this in this direction what is over there. Enter doing all of that while your pink but is on the line. If you crash, you died. So simulator what you just in the pause button you go get lunch. So find the air was really good for your mental ability to stay ahead of what is happening. Call it situational awareness. And also stay calm under pressure because of all of the training, almost all the senate simulator. The jets are really like one of the real world things that we do. So flying just was super important for the astronaut training. So one of the things i never expected was to get to know earth by color. And the coop the really helped with that. Also in the station turn right didnt know what was happening. It was the outback of australia. On the bottom left. It really got to know the planet by colors. Canada and russia are white burning in the caribbean is this beautiful blue turquoise green aqua color using the bahamas there. Central africa and south america also, really africa, the congos dark almost black it is so dark there. Australia and saudi in the sahara, and the name of the desert. Theyre all like pink, red, orange nannies really bright colors. So i got to know earth by color. It is something i had not expected. This is Southern Satellite down there. This is the southern whites. And that is just amazing. This amazing illegal alien thing that i have never experienced before. Sing the northern and Southern Lights from above. I need to go see them in person. Ive never seen him in person. John i cant even imagine looking down on them they are assigned to the old. Terry thats definitely in my list. Talk but unexpected. But is russian there. This a threeperson job. He held the vacuum cleaner why i did the cutting. This very stressful. Youll find that chapter. Funny. By cutting her hair something i would never expected to do what is important. Shes most popular italian on the planet. Shes the most wellknown italian. So to make sure they didnt screw that up. So thats a sample of some of these chapters. I apologize for the computer glitch earlier. There is the stop share button. How is that. John say you were able to recover from that near disaster. Thinking on your feet per. On the astronaut training came to the very moment. So read the book a couple times at this point. As a journalist, been reporting on the step for 20 years. Theres a lot in it that i didnt know. And its true. It. Terry this is at least 10 percent true. Suet 10 percent true. But one of the conversations i love it happen with the astronauts is that experience of launching on board a machine like the Space Shuttle. It shows a picture of a Space Shuttle flying away. But can you kind of puts in the seat with you and help us sort of understand what that whole thing feels like. Terry could flying Space Shuttle is like. John yes, what is that experience from shooting up to gideon and then feeling it. Terry okay so the suiting up hard, like i said it takes hours. If the really cool thing when i launched an endeavor. We sat in the same chairs, we are in same room. We plugged into the same oxygen tanks. That neil did. Like the same room. The government doesnt want to pay any money to upgrade the furniture anything. Think theyve upgraded it now. There was no one flowing so i spent money on new furniture. Ikea. Use of the process, the launching itself is amazing. Vanessa pilot, flying the shell hole is really broken down into three phases, the launch normally the computer flies it. We trying to fly it created yet to be really smooth. If you touch the stick a little bit too much. This big giant engines is putting up millions of pounds of thrust will move quickly and will waste a lot of energy. If youre not super smooth, you waste so much energy you cant make it into orbit. You or the one you want to be and so you and up in the lower orbit having to abort. He cant do your mission. So flying on launch into be be very smooth. Once you get on orbit. The flying is completely counterintuitive because an airplane going up faster and catch up and push the throttle up and go faster that catches up. To the guy trying to down. In a spaceship, if youre trying to rendezvous in somebody, you actually slow down which causes you to sink and then it causes you to speed up thats how you catch up. And then you have to speed up which causes you to climb which cause you to slow down and thats how you fly in space. Completely nonintuitive. You make an input and then you wait and you have to wait a minute or two to see what is happening then you make another input. Kind of late watching paint dry. Then we come back to earth, i got to flight a shuttle. When you fullback, you want to climb. Only fullback, the first thing like a Space Shuttle or a barrage or no fo 16, it will sink. When it sinks, the nose comes up and get more angle of attack right in the causes the climb. But you dont want to do is be really aggressive of the stick. Psycho launch launch, because when you coming in to land, oh im coming down and i need to climb. In the first thing a shuttle will do it sinks. So again you have to state a couple steps ahead of it. The Space Shuttles on an airplane you want to flight and the doctors in venice the fly the weekends. And youre going downhill at 20 degrees dives at 300 knox which is basically a divebomb approach and the m16. It is normal to me for his like im not on another divebomb approach. It is a divebombing glider. You only get one shot. You dive in your bluff. Then you touchdown. That is that. There is no more shots after that. So flying the shuttle was awesome and i love it. These new vehicles are great. But the pilots dont have anything to do. Theyre just passengers, not pilots. The just along for the ride. I was fortunate to get to fly the shuttle where you actually get to fly the vehicle. John and youve got a chance to fly a couple of them at this point. The launch of the Space Shuttle in oakmont on the other one. How are those two vehicles different. How does it feel. Terry that shuttles like this big american muscle car. Its big and majestic. As the same way to thrust roughly, is huge. The planet for ten years now. More like of her robbery. Its more like a sports car. Since soviet design and to get up and get moving as fast as he could towards america. It, i mean. Son designed to sit there and go slow and be majestic present boom youre gone. So that was different. Is small, kind of like being in the front seat of your minivan with two other people. These big bulky spaces. John the custom make your seats to 50 and your students. Terry yes and its very, specific. So the scenes to make about a couple of inches above your head. Its a couch singling down a caption that put you in this long underwear. He put you in a crane the straps and if you down into plaster. Like a pig on a stick. Like in germany they had these pig festivals and every august and september. The dippy down there. And then they pull you out with her heart into producing off your own custom fit couch to spine. Because of his ground going so far. Like driving through your neighborhood and running into a telephone pole. Spree budget crash. They have the soft letting rockets. But i suggested that there may name them the less of a crash landing market. In his. Hard. But it works. Civil in order to survive. Have a couple of bruises but i was finding a holdout. It is not nice fancy, is a crash landing on the ground. But it works theres something to be said for simple and working. John points you make it safe and whether youre on the International Space station. How different is trying to get around and just do things in space compared to what youre used to an earth. Terry so we have a saying, everything is more difficult in space. It is almost true. Pulitzer easier than anything else is harder. It everything is floating away when your new guy in the first day or two in space, or the way, its hard to move. We move, you translate. And you rotate. So its not a simple as just walking over to the door. You have to float yourself there. And then spin yourself around. Tell funny stories about that. Then all of the study trying to deal with, that is floating away. So they have these cool shorts, the kind of like policeman on the bike shorts. It this kind of supple guide shorts. But they have like ten pockets and they have locked with the appropriate is to your buckling your tools and your pencil and everything, has been a pocket or ziploc or velcro. Our otherwise influence away immediately. Theres a. Steep learning curve for an intake sent few weeks to three you really good. It. John can you tell us how stuff, which is kind of amazing on a fairly small enclosed space. Stuff just floats away. It. Terry if you give more than a few seconds, it will float away. On my first flight, i have a maglite the little flashlight. In an open of this panel my sunglasses when there. I was working on something. After a few minutes i got this thing fixed. I push myself out. Is looking for the maglite. Out where is maglite. I was dizzy in my head hurt and i couldnt move my head. Simon slowly look around and it cannot find the maglite anywhere. Then, about five minutes later, like my back was itching i thought was going on and reach back in between my shoulder blades was this pencil flashlight and it literally, putting him a short and then it floated around the back of my shirt. Just hanging out back there. So youve got to give yourself a minute to look for something then just stop. You could go to the rabbit hole and just spend your entire day looking for pencil. Usually it shows a. John you admission like a flash card. The perfectly like, can even imagine like 2001, rotating perfectly. Terry im impressed that you remember that story. It was early in the mission. I took the amazing aurora pictures of those so excited. This compact flash card. Best perfectly rotating like this. It is like a slow motion no. In the station has these rocks, like refrigerators with equipment. Or storage or whatever. Just this rock after rock after rock. She said the equipment is. Sick a little halfinch gap this thing literally directly janets hood waited rated because usually if something is income it will bounce right back out. They probably bounced and went sideways. But anyway. Summa that is funny. How long does it take to get to your space legs. From when you arrive to when you are no longer no longer a menace to your fellow astronauts terry to probably good after couple of days. But youre not great for weeks. Theres a. Steep learning curve. For me was the morning of finding three the my headache went away. I felt good but im still awkward. Not efficient in getting tools that the past 40 and a whole two i was getting better. And when i went back for five years later, it took a month maybe. It takes weeks but maybe that was really good. I was the spaceman. Like i could move around brain it was second nature. I had adapted to space. And then took like i said, less than two months any months. Maybe two weeks. John you talk about how we say pushoff from a wall. You not only are thought that youre also cannot help but to give yourself some kind of rotation at the same time in multiple axes. But i can imagine the same time after a while during this sort of threedimensional planning like on be there but i also wanted twist at least twice and then be able to end up upside down so form that into the maneuver to get yourself over there. Terry so we had, you see this competition to pushoff from one end to see how far you can go without bumping into the wall. So the muscles. Its probably 20 or 30 feet. Theres the lab probably 40 feet, 50 feet print is. Long. Than another 20 feet. And then abandons. Cannot go from one into the next. Because lynn charlie brendas. So you have to have some type of curve. Two getting through flood modules not hard. Getting to the end of the second module is almost impossible without bumping onto something. That you have to learn to move with your hands. And carry things with your feet. So you would push and he have to calculate how you rotate and stuff. And i remember my first flight. I was a pilot. So is in the pilot seat a lot commanding. To fly it. Theres a 1970s computer with hexadecimal. Zeros are nines and that was the keyboard that they had. Its like in apollo same font and everything is apollo was. I remember, was not strapped in completely but i would stick my leg to the seatbelt. At least had something to stabilize me so didnt just fly away. It hums endlessly, just push the keyboard and my whole body would pounce. And i push the keyboard and my whole body would bounce. Just sitting here typing right now. My keyboard is right there. You go flying in the other direction. It in your crew quarters where any had a laptop and this i did email and communicated. He would have to go strap yourself or stick your foot under the handrail little jiffy together. And of bungee cord. I just wrap the sponge aroma waste and click it. Dont hold my body so as i was typing my whole body would kinda be bubbling up and down. Against little skinny bungee cord for those holding me tight. John people always will know how the food is. Hows the food in space. Terry is not bad. Basically military style, mras with military call them. If you live up here and they dehydrate foods princes like was hard crunchy meat or vegetable or dessert or whatever. Little pocket bag. Stick it into a machine it was abundant fills up with water. Mission around and spin it around and then ten minutes later it turns into chicken tenders jeannie or asparagus whatever it is reading. If it is actually not bad. So processed food. Start fresh. So one of the interesting things about food is the American Food anyway. He does not have expiration dates. The russian food does. When i was there for some reason or food did not have expiration dates. With the beef did. There would be the slight containers of beef that of the year on it. 2011 was okay. 2012 was really good year. Is like going through your wine cabinet try to pick up point that you wanted. I dont know if those good thing or bad thing is probably better to leave the dates often eat what you want to dont ask dont tell. Just eat your food and everybodys happy. John hope wouldnt there be food left over from previous astronauts. So would you just like, training for various trees from different nations or go rooting through himself the people left behind. Terry so i started this bag of uneaten food in the market segment. Mercer things that nobody liked, the ritz. Curry vegetables. There is a hand full of things that for some reason nobody liked. Minute a million peas. They just gave us zillions of those things so we went through all of those in this bag. About once a month of the russians would come down to the wood greater bags. They took everything. They loved it because of Something Different from what they had afraid and they would give us leftover food. A lot of their food is intent hands. Like a tuna can. The a lot of fish. And we had none. Unofficially had was like the tuna bags the grocery store, the starkest bag of tuna. That was the only fish we had. So i would eat all the fish. We loved it. They had breads. Actually like really dark black bread. That lasted for months. In normal loaf of bread would last a week it would mold. So the russian front was the only bread we had in space. Some like that. So anyway, they liked our stuff would like their stuff. It was have a variety. In the mission, nobody ever through food waiting. Just ate each others food. John but is amazing right now to me is the astronauts, continuously inhabiting the space station since its launch. With 20 years ago. And now the next step looking at is going to or back to the moon. Hopefully eventually on mars. We can kind of imagine the time when not only are there astronauts permanently living up in the space station but astros from that leave living on the moon. We know that there will be astronauts of their. You have any advice for the next generation of astronauts that they pushed further and further away. Terry that is a great question actually. And that would be cool. Thats what we can been dreaming about and expecting to happen ever since no one to the moon. Thing for us most of the week doing the exploring, one piece of advice that i would give is share that experience with people on earth because very few people will ever get to do that. Remember one night we are having dinner and a russian segment which i try to do as often as a good and there were six of us on the space station. They have windows everywhere, and said hey guys look at that window. There is earth. There were six of us here. Theres over 6 billion people down there. Like were literally one in a billion. More than one in a billion. So we are lucky. We are very fortunate. So like, but he worked hard and people that well. But were. Lucky. You really want to share that experience which is why it took so any pictures and why i really try to focus on doing a beautiful planet and why wrote this book just to share this experience with everybody. I think that is probably my advice. John were learning more and more. Elon musk looking to send settlers to mars. More and more people are starting to imagine to make this flight to other worlds. Its a lot harder on the body and the mind i think than a lot of people are expecting. Having these romantic old notions of what it would be like to go and live on another world. When not necessarily the push of zoster the loser on earth. So between sort of all that Survival Training that you did, as well as the actual time that you were sent in space. Do you think humankind is ready and adequately prepared in the imaginations of understanding of what could be expected of us. Terry i think so. I think people are. Amazing and resilient and we have been wondering what is over the horizon and exploring for thousands of years. Thats just what people do. Mars will be tough. And there will be psychological challenges for the psychological aspect of space is a thing more important than the physical challenges there are some physical things you just have to get right. If you have electric power to have people in have to have the engines to get you there and back. And have equipment that works. Something to have tap rated but the emotional status of the crew, i thank you so maybe the hardest problem to get right in one of the most important ones to do. With a simple mars going to be dangerous and is going to be this net. And going to the southwold 100 years ago, that was dangerous. Fly across the ocean in the 1920s. That was dangerous. People do danger. Like one of the things i look for when i look at applicants and nasa. We go through thousands of these applications from each class. But i did not want was thrill seekers. Dont want to guy with me the death wish. On a guy with me was to get back. Letting a man on the moon. My fair part of the speech was returning safely to the earth. You need to have the emotional ability to get to mars but i think the thrill seekers, thats not what you want coming with the survivalist, the guy who will survive is what you want. John one of the things that a lot of the astronauts is talking about the idea of the overview rated this experience of being found in space. And seeing planets. And being no borders the on some of the natural borders that are there on earth. Can you talk a little bit about what sort of that feeling is like. Terry i actually made short film in july. It talks about how space change our perspective. Apollo taking the picture of the earth. And at the space station photographers taking pictures of the earth but also humble looking out into the galaxy. Boys are going to visit Jupiter Saturn in a mars. Weve spent so any people and robots out into space it is really changed how we look at ourselves in the universe. Some people get overwhelmed. Work meaningless and insignificant. I dont see that at all. First of all, when youre near earth where i was, earth is like this giant magnetic. Cant take your eyes off think it is so beautiful. It might did a photography book ive written this book until you see it with their own eyes you dont have emotional like the planets over there and i am here. Theres something about that. I didnt see ourselves as insignificant. I saw ourselves is really of this planet is no plenty. If you look at plan b. This is the black light years away there were never going to be able to get to. Not anytime soon. To say the least. So theres plenty. There is no plan b anywhere else. Its of good take care of funny. That was the perspective that i came away with. John it feels like if we could give our people to help out experience, you would wipe away a lot of the problems that we have here on earth. Just see the planet as one, as you say plan a. We have to live on it together. Terry my crewmate samantha put it really well. It beautiful planet she said we are our all on Spaceship Earth and we connect like we are who makes not just passengers. I think that is a great perspective to have. I think the Space Tourism industry i. E. Galactic. Well start launching a lot of people these portals i hope the next year or so. A lot of people will be able to get to do this. Thousands of people instead of tens or hundreds of people. I think the more people that see the earth, the better we will all be. Some people are just beyond open it doesnt matter if you put certain World Leaders in space and they will not change. I think if you put enough in space, and a full change and that could be a very positive thing. John im looking forward to it. I will take the one of those convergent galactics. One of the origin flights. Not sure i would want to spend more than a week in space really 220 days. This longtime. Terry has nasa astronaut coming get taxfree. John how that works for canadians. C. Get paid in Canadian Dollars was probably not as much. But we got 5 day taxfree. So i got a bonus check when he got back. The europeans get think two zeros, in addition to that and then the russians i think it three zeros in addition to that. Were definitely not complaining. But it is funny. John will i think weve reached the point where i think we want open things up and get some questions. Terry absolutely. John we may have time for questions. The first question, from a couple of people about training. So how long is the training and what was the most difficult part of the training. Terry when you get to nasa the institute afghan prednisone astronaut candidate. By year or year and a half. Thats just basic stuff that you need to know about the different vehicles space station. Then you go to some other job and help support and you spend years doing that they can sign the mission thats usually about two three years. Specifically train for your mission when you will be in space. This was a few years but the reality is, it is a lifetime. My training started off when i was a kid. I had a camera so i taught myself photography and i got a telescope and a thomas of how to use that bringing any computer one of the middle school and taught myself how to write basics. Since really a lifetime of learning in your training your entire life. You can just sit around and wait. And then but nasa teach you what you need to know. You need to learn is much as you can about everything. You kind of have to know everything. I know everything but you have to be willing to do just about anything. As a lifetime of training. John the question is wondering if you can see pollution from their. Terry so the name of our movie is a beautiful planet. 99 percent of her this beautiful. But you can see pollution very prominently in china. It was just this brown smoggy place. Especially for northeastern china. Between shanghai and beijing and korea. This brown. India was also. Crazy. And is also jumbo, tropical type of contributors. Hazy. Something is a combination of pollution and haze. The other environmental problem that you can see that i can see, there must be for everybody. Less deforestation. Especially in madagascar. Is this big giant rain forest on about the southeast coast of africa and thats just brown property literally this brown and orange rock between when the lemurs live, the monkeys down there live in the screenshot other than that the whole rain forest was deforested back in the 50s. They cut down all of those trees and sold them. The guys who did it got money was good for a couple of years and then 50 or 60 years later, that nation is devoid of trees print then that amazon you can see that. These big giant squares of light rain, lease be dark rain rain forest another migraine. Thats accelerated with the recent regime changes their greatest of those are kind of heartbreaking to say. But other than that, most of the earth really does look beautiful and you cant see pollution in america. Cant see it in europe. Most of the planet was really spectacular. It. John and 19th the Light Pollution as well. Terry an analogy is if you are an alien, zooming past the earth. You might not even notice people the daylight. Can see airline trails. Can see both free to give zoom lens we see both dots and wave patterns. No youre looking at london are there are some cities you can see these big concrete white patches. Without really, during the date like you cannot see people but at nighttime, its a very very different story because you can see the lights. I could talk about what youre really saying as well. Not adjusting populations pritikins tell by where you are by the color of the lights in the Different Countries use mercury, vapor or halogen or different types of lights. Sort lights or blue, are yellow, orange. Really cool to see at night. Twentyone regarding muscle mass loss. I heard rick, mentioned lost about 8 percent muscle mass in the squad during the few weeks mission. If youre willing to share can you talk about any muscle loss you experienced. Terry novellus. Remember hearing god muscle mass. Terry so from start to finish, 200 days i lost 0 percent of my bone density. I was amazed the doctors were shocked. My muscles were probably 90 percent. Your legs, you lose the most because youre using them constantly just to walk around. In space the only time ever use them if youre exercising. My upper body probably got stronger just because i was lifting weights. Like going to a health club for six months. Got a. Good shape. We can got back, they put you through these tests. I was roughly 90 percent on all the different weightlifting that i was doing. I could do 20 pullups pritikin back in good shape. Physically, bone and muscle. I was in good shape between exercising on the workout machine, treadmill the bike. And taking vitamin d i took a vitamin d pill every day. I came back in good shape. John there was a love and things you been able to figure out that have divided this point friday and with exerciser able to account for all but three at this point. So they the fluid redistributions that theyre not able to have any solution for. Problems with eyesight as well. Terry radiation. John but at this point that workout machine that you were doing. That is what the International Space station has really been teaching about spaceflight is how to overcome most of the downsides of being in this micro gravity. They can do with the muscle loss, they can do with the bone loss and deal with the a lot of these issues the foot description the eye problems, you dont know the longterm consequences of that are. Terry the vast majority of restaurants, good news with eyesight is that theyre following. Based on blind. Some guys need glasses on the combat. But then again, the 40s or 50s. Or 60s so people my age need glasses. I am lucky, i dont need glasses. That most people do. Theres a handful of folks i kind of an alarming potentially bad things but there eyesight recovered it. So the eyesight problems something we want to look at. I spent 200 days in space doing alternative express on my own body but the reality is theres not like a bunch of astronauts need guide dogs for the blind. The problem it scares me a lot more than eyesight is radiation. It truly is something that you cant do. Its energetic enough to mess with your dna and that can cause cancer. So thats really the problem the moon and mars and deeper space exploration. John theres a question here in the iss, no sunrise and sunset a normal day. How you recognize when you go to sleep in the difficult of not feeling a normal day like you do on earth. How do you adjust your rhythms to spinning around the earth and sing the cycles. Terry that is a great question. I sent you watch freedom in a mega watch. We sent that to jim deep which is basically london time. You wake up based on that. All your schedules, you are doing, you will exercise at 0900 parking he would set yourself to a 24 hour debris to my watch had an alarm on it. So thats how i woke up every morning. It just kept everybody going. The russians, the americans of the japanese everybody works off of that. The japanese were the worst off because the europeans are fine, whatever off. Russias only three hours of an americas five or six hours. That was a kind of a pain. But the japanese were waking up in the middle of the night. For the people work in the ground. We set our clocks. Otherwise he did local time. You never day every 90 minutes. The human bodies could not cope with that. Sue and i think a lot of people are familiar with the difficulties of sleeping in space. Getting yourself prepped to sleep in space. My curiosity is what is it like the first night your sleeping back on earth. In the gravity. Terry thats a great question. The very first night and going to space and align the Space Shuttle and dont walk around the living my family. Going the medical tests. And finally and back and crew quarters. To get to sleep. I lay down on the bed and i remember when i pulled the blanket over me. I was like this is in the blanket liking getting an xray. I felt like i was a superhero there was an evil guy with a magnetic rate that was sucking me down into the bed. Now as into the bed i could not move. It felt so heavy these dogs warming to be done with my talk. They like it is time to throw the ball. But to dogs looking at both sides. It. John we just have a few more questions. Not have to wait long. You mentioned that youre doing experiments at the iss radio question here did you do any experiences that address medical issues. Terry yes. Any of them. On myself. Did a lot of ultrasounds on my eyeball, my brain, my heart. And did a lot of laser scans infrared scans of my eye. I did some medicine experiments for big pharmaceutical drug companies. To look at salmonella and e. Coli. The vaccines. In london another one thought Research Experiment for bone and muscle wasting diseases like osteoporosis and muscular dystrophy. For another big pharmaceutical experiment. There is what i think one of the coolest six norman severus called ems. The big giant particle detector in the outside. The size of a small room. Is looking for an type matters. Thats an indicator on dark matter and dark energy. So the universe is made of 90 percent stuff that we dont even know what it is much less anything of details. Sort trying to find that out. There are lots of other different science experiments. 251 of their. Material science combustion science, different engineering. Psychology experiments. I did this thing called journals roby keep a journal and send it back to the doctor and he would analyze restaurants journals for about 20 years. Were honest with him. Is very honest with them. You put on your happy face and everything is good for the coop hundred crews great. Were all having lots of good time. And then you may be happy, you may not be. But with him, everybody was on a spring hes been able to track the astronaut moves out of doing psychologically. Super important so you said it a lot of experiments a lot of them are focused on medicines. John one more question. From a 12 yearold viewer. What is on National Application to bring attention to it so that you increase your chances of getting selected to. Terry you just hit the nail the head. Need something to bring attention to it. Because when i was leaving nasa come there 18000 applications. I was helping them go through thousands of the things. Small the basic stuff, everybody had the basic separator remembered one lady had been it nascar mechanic. Like she was working on nascars. That was really cool. Folks who do serious mountain climbing, boats thrillseeking but actual serious mountain climbing or scuba diving. And Fighter Pilots and test pilots is probably by far the most important. Thats the best thing you could have on your resume. Vanessa was think there are operational praise wait domestically want book nerds or professors that run on blackboards all day long. Thats great but thats not what you do is master not. You do. Its not thinking job as a doing job. You need people who can work in these operational environments especially fine. When the blood is on the line, is a dangerous thing. You still get the job done. So thats probably the most appointed thing. So thats a little bit different than the status quo. Because there is a cd of status quote. Theyre all great. John interesting aspects that nasa is really going into. Things like material science. Three D Manufacturing and space construction. So theres a lot of newer technologies that are being adopted to this new space environment. So based on, but they were saying, it would imagine if he specialized in Something Like three d printing materials and things like that. But as you say, handson. That would probably be the kinds of things that you would like to have. In helping run three d printer to build things in space for a future space health. Terry made that wrench. That was during my mission. But the thing is frazier, if that is your specialty. That is great in their your sixmonth mission, 20 take up one a half hours prayed in the other 5. 99 months coming going to be doing thing different stuff every day. So having a specialty is going. Most importantly you succeeded what you are doing. But even more than most of poorly is your ability to be adaptable because youll have to be the crew doctor and also impact seven try to be an account and youre also going to have to do interviews like this. So the real skills being operational and being flexible being able to do more than one thing. Yet to be able to walk into, the same time. John so put the world adaptable your resume. Terry if i were looking at the application which im not anymore. Its a doubles to me. It would be the ability to be adaptable would be really important to me. John but how would a person demonstrate that they are adaptable. That is not a job. Terry well, and astronomer by david to do this high tech mechanic market night, you can do two things at once. For a test pilot during the day but you know how to speak russian and youve done for exchanges before. So that you can work with International Cruise which is super important obviously. So i think that if you are the Systems Engineering and work on this engineering project and then your engineering manager and he designed the same your entire crew need to have things and a cml. If you have the world ultimate engineering resume but to never done anything else, thats not what nasa wants. They want you to have International Express maybe speak a language or two. The pilots license or be a military test pilot. You do need to be able to do more than one thing. At least in todays nasa. John thank you so much for joining us this evening. Thank you for your time and telling us a bit more about earth from oven the iss. We appreciated. We hope that you continue to stay safe in the ground and hopefully come through and come to our store here and until then. And from all of our viewers thank you. And you can buy at a bookstore this book. Take care everybody will see what the next event. Terry thank you for having us. Heres a look at some books being published this week. In american crisis, new York Governor Andrew Cuomo offers leadership lessons that is learned by responding to that covid19 pandemic. Rick cage describes his experience as Deputy Campaign chairman for the 2016 trump president ial campaign. And later as a witness during the mueller investigation, and wicked game. In an upswing, political scientists robert requires how american changed following the gilded age. And how those lessons declined today. Being published this week, then cultural war boys, journalist tonya reports on online communities of white supremacists. Former White House Press secretary for the Trump Administration shaun spicer, argues the president trumps first term is been successful. They should be reelected and leading america. And gambling with armageddon, Martin Sherman provides history of the cold war with a focus on the cuban missile crisis. And in the luckiest man mark coauthored with john mccain on several books, remembers the late senator. By these titles this week wherever books are sold watch for any of the authors in the near future. On book tv, on cspan2. During a Virtual Event history professor martha jones describes the issues by the black women who gain the right to vote. I began to reflect on what i was finding. I realized that first it was a core principle the black women had arrived at 200 years ago. It was the beginning of the 19th century. And have carried forward. This is the idea that american politics should have no place for racism or sexism. When i recognize hello black women have been championing that view. I realize hello they had been alone in sort of carrying that forwarded and setting that ideal in front of us. I realize they were indeed in intellectual and political vanguard showing this country to its best and very best ideals. Booktv. Org using the box at the top of the page, search for martha jones. For the title of her book vanguard. Hey everybody, my name is jason