Interesting you can vote for them and they will make their way to the top of the list. If youre considering supporting our book store by purchasing a copy of our of tonights featured book, click on the green publish button below the viewer screen. Youll be redirect to our website and you can complete your purchase and our next Virtual Event is scheduled for tomorrow, august 28th with john weiner and you learn more but our Upcoming Events on our website and on crowdcast. Let me introduce our speakers for tonight. Susan hough is a Research Seismologist at the Us Geological survey in pass dean nark caches served an editor and contributor for many journals and a contributing editor to geotimes magazine and has formerly served on the board of directors of Seismological Society of america and the Southern California earthquake center. And she is the author of five poocks including arc shaking science, what we know and dont know but earthquakes. Joining her tonight is henry fountain. Henry is a writer who covers explaining the innovations needed to overcome it. For ten years he wrote about research finding from across the world of science and observatory, a weekly column in science times. The author of the great quake about the 1964 alaskan earthquake and with that ill turn the screen over to our speakers. He enjoy the talk. Thank you. Hi. Great to be here. I want to thank romans and henry for being here. Im excited about this event. I live not far from vroman but im living in a Virtual World but its my Favorite Book store and henry is one of my favorite reporters and i when i the title of my book came to me one day and i told henry that i had not consciously rifted awe of this become title but its possible it was in my subconscious and bubbled out but i encourage everybody if youre interested in earthquakes and good science book, check out both the great quake and the great quake debate. His book is a lot of fun focuses on the 1964 earthquake in alaska. So, thank you no everyone out there who is tuning in. I think we have some people from a was away so thats great. I know theres a lot going on in the world. Some of it good, a lot not so good, so i appreciate everybody tuning in. And we look forward to leaving room for q a at the end. To get the ball rolling, i was going to read just couple of pages for a few minutes to start off, and then move to a conversation between me and henry and then leave time for q a at the end. So i guess theres an ask a question tab hopefully at the bottom if you have any questions. So, i was going to start if you do have the book by chance, im going to start reading on page 160, so to set the stage, where i start reading the 1925 san Santa Barbara quake struck and caused damage and scientist trying to make the case for significant earthquake hazard in los angeles, used that as an example of the type of dam that can occur and Business Leaders were pushing back. So this is and then the quake wake was to some extent a teachable moment for scientists to make the case but the lost after a fewer months, started to lose momentum. And willis stepped forward at that point. So, just jumping in, in the middle of things, whatever understanding had been worked out between hari wood and local Business Leaders in Southern Californiain 1923, willis distant in the San Francisco by a area never signed on to the deal. In the words of hi historian carl henry, by the end of 1925, quote, willis decided to embark on a new strategy. He would scare californians by not only pointing backward at the recent seismic destruction and predicting a catastrophic earthquake much large than the Santa Barbara shock would soon strike california and his prediction was based to some extent on a result that had come out from the geoget rick survey. After the survey result became known in 1923, scientist like wood avoided making overly alarmist public statements. In addition to having been specifically cautioned but public statements, wood new that analysis of early data could be an imprecise science. The result questions were in fact preliminary, estimated from triangulation measurements not properly connected the the larger regional triangulation survey. Moreover, scientist would have been reluctant to go public with a scientific result that raid concerned but did not support a specific forecast, let alone a precise prediction, also wood has written in his 1916 article, quote, at what time future shocks will occur we do not know, especially in any precise way but we know that since 1769, no half century has passed without the occurrence of at least one great earthquake in the region. He was wrong but that by the way. The average points conclusively to greater expectable frequency. However close prediction of the occurrence of the day or hour, even the month or year, can not be proximate mated as yet. He was right. With the u. S. Coast and geodebt rick results they failed dilemms an apparently sound result raise concerns but on the other the result was uncertain to some extent in and the result did not imply any specific time frame or even a quantifiable distributingal statistical forecast. Willis knew that a regional buildup of strain would be released eventually in a large earthquake and the relatively modest Santa Barbara quake had not been that earthquake. Unlike wood, willis had spoken publicly to a limited extent but the buildup of strain before the Santa Barbara earthquake struck and that led to the lore he predicted predicted the Santa Barbara earthquake. He latched on to the survey result, pointing to the results he told dailey palo alto leaders among others in november 1925 a large earthquake in the southland was nigh. No one knows whether it will be one year or ten years before a severe earthquake comes. He said but when it does come, it will come suddenly, and those who are not prepared will suffer. In the earthquake business there is a fine line between saying enough to get people to take earthquake hazard seriously and being overtly alarmist and either direction from the line unfortunate things happen. In one direction the public decisionmakers egg nor warnings and the other people might panic for fail to take action. Were all doomed. Whats the point. Starts to be a danger of crying wolf too often. Now as in willis day, some individual flirt more closely with that line than others. In the statements he made in november of 1925, willis did more than flirt. Quote, no one knows whether it well be one year or ten years. In fantastic then as now no one knew whether it would be one year or ten years or 100 years. The modern reader can view willis word with the benefit of almost a century of hindsight. Damaging earthquakes did strike the Greater Los Angeles area, including not only the one that would mostly put an end to the great quake debate and moderately damaging earthquake in whittier in 1987 and larger temblor that struck the san fern san fernando valley. Yet in the earthquake that willis warned about, great earthquake in Southern California, rivaling the 1906 San Francisco earthquake did not occur within three years or ten years 90 years of 1925. When a scientist dances with or oversteps that vanishing fine line the media which is called on to translate scientist statements into actual english issue variably and not up together unreasonably drops any finally nuanced qualifications. Headlines are designed to grab the readers attention with less room for subtlety than a modern twitter tweet. Willis words soon found theyre way spa the national media, the New York Times, for example, published an article title, quite, professor willis predicts los angeles tremors. Los angeles were or its immediate vicinity the article began will experience a severe earthquake probably more violent than that in San Francisco in 1906, in one to ten years, dr. Baily willis said. The article went on to repeat the lore that willis, quote, stated three years ago that Santa Barbara would feel severe earth tremors, prophecy fulfilled in the past summer. Over the years following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake the great quake debate in Southern California had at various times simmered and stewed and flaired, with willis public words in late 1925 it exploded. I was going to leave it to everybody to read more but the debate that played out. Thats one side of the debate. You read there. Basically, right . Well, so mr. Hill as well, or dr. Hill issue guess. , so i really have the book kind of evolves into intertwined biographies of the two protagnies, one was baily willis who ended up on his own side of the vanishingly fine line and the other was robert hill who landed on the other side, so hill was the skeptic, willis was the crusader. And when i started working on the book i was interested in the debate itself because theres a couple of different takes on it that you can read about but dont quite agree so i was curiouser what the real story was, and i thought i would introduce hill and willis briefly and then move on to the debate and the more i got into their lives, the more i realized a really fascinating individuals they were. I agree. Theres a lot of things [loss of audio] you can delve into both people equally really. The richness of whatever archival material you found is remarkable. And as we talk about this theyre both scientists obviously and quite renowned scientists and yet theyre both very human and particularly hill reminds me of people i know who have problematic personalities and [loss of audio] because he was more curmudgeon. I felled more empathy for him because he was problem child. Couldnt get out of his own way. Hill was a pain in the ass if i can say that; he remind me of my late father who was an academic and brilliant but didnt always play well with others. But when you got into hills life story and what he went through as a child. He was born in nashville, tennessee, in 1858, and then the next thing when we was still a toddler the civil war literally rolled through his home town himself parents lost their house. His father lost his life not in war but to illness. His mother was cofind to a mental indisposition the one memory he had of her was of a military team dragging her away and her screaming for her children, and then from there hills childhood proceeded as a teenager he made his way to the frontier in texas, and just such a compelling life story, what he went through, and then he made his way how to it to all cornell university, never having gotten past ninth great but many even before that. But he got to cornell and was able to launch this career. Never had a chip on his shoulder, though. Its interesting, so, youre in the business. Im just a journalist and i dont im not aware of the history but how big is this idea of this debate that went in the mid20s in Southern California, is that something that if i were to go to school and become a seismologist i would learn that or is this an obscure thing you latched on to . Dont say just a journalist. To give away the punchline. Im not a scientist but i play one at a newspaper. There you go. I often end up talking to top Science Writers and realize they often understand the science extremely well. So, sorry. What was the question. Was this something that you kind of latched on to as this idea, this debate that took place . I wouldnt say that Everybody Knows about it and scientists in general dont tend to be that interested in history or the history of the history of science is an orphan subfield because historians dont tend to care about science and sciencists dont tend to care so much but history and im sort of a unusual. Theres some of us who are more interested in the history. I had been asquare of it and it had come up in my previous books, the book on predictions, because baily willis was the first person to come out with a public prediction of an earthquake in california, and if you look back, scientists since 1925 have occasionally been making kind of alarmist statements that they san an trace fat or Southern California is overdue for a great earthquake and started in 1925 but then there were others that were statements in 1969, there was the palmdale bulge in the 1970s. So i had touched on it. I was aware of it. And the conventional tell offering the great quake debate is that baily willis was the flawed hero crew cascading for Risk Reduction and bally willis was a, quote, tool in the back pocket of business interests and sort of painted as a laughing stock. The other then eventually over time i became aware that there was a second version of the debate which painted hill as a victim, that he had been set up by business interests who had twisted his words. So, i wouldnt say its well known n among seismologists but i became aware that there were two very different versions of the story and i just got interested in figuring out what the actual truth was. I sounded really interesting reading about both of them i found it really interesting reading about both of them. Baily willis was was he in Santa Barbara when the San Bernardino quake happened . Didnt deny that he had predicted that earthquake or where in fact he really hadnt. Played a role in his being more sort of the crusader type or whatever . Um, i concluded that he was sort of inclined to crusade. He didnt shy away from opportunities to step on to a stage. He was ive heard he was a very impassioned and effective orator for example in peaches but maybe a little bit of showboat but very effective at it. And then in n1925 this was how the book project started for me. I was researching the 1925 earthquake to take a book back and understand better what vault it had been on and what the mag need was, and magnitude was and i realized willis left his papers to the Huntington Library which is just down the road from me. So i applied for reader privileges and was looking into the earthquake and then i realized, oh, theres this huge collection of letters the wrote and other material and i started to get interested in the other part of it but it is very curious. He had made public statements based on thissurvey that showed a lot of strain building up and he made statements in 1923. And then on june 28th he and one of his sons took the train to Santa Barbara and he didnt talk in his letters about why he was doing some sort of consulting, and the very next morning she Santa Barbara strikes. So, the lore developed naturally that he had predicted it, and he didnt take pains to set the record straight. I was wondering a little taste of fame or whatever at that point or a little as the great predictor and that influenced him down the road. Who knows. Doesnt seem like the type of guy necessarily who would be influenced in that way but you never know. I did think when you could see it looking back, that was fascinating in the back to look back and realize that hill and willis were bon around the same time. Started the usgs. Their careers were enter twined, took a road trip together to texas in 1898. So, you could see hints that willis wasnt shying away from Media Attention. There were a couple of times in my research that i actually laughed out loud in archives, which is something youre really not supposed to do. Archives are very staid and quite places. One of them was fining a little newspaper article that willis had saved that was just historical. The beach mermaid but actually a little editorial or letter in the Santa Barbara paper that was suggesting that willis had gotten used to the Media Attention and that had driven the prediction. So that was funny. Meanwhile hill is fuming and [loss of audio] holds grudges and cant seem to get out his own way. A stubborn and irwassable as willity was irwassable as willis was charging. Im not a big read are of biographies and i dont know if i ever read a dual biography but so interesting a lot of similarities in terms of their age and their profession, et cetera, et cetera. But theres so many differences, and if youre a nature very nurture type person, you could spend a day looking at hills background as you described of growing up in the civil war, and willis had relatively easy time up in new york state, i believe. Right . Willis did lose his father as young age and. His own father had ban renowned writer, literary celebrity. The lived in a Country Estate was very idyllic until the father fell and i will that set interest motion some hard times but willis mother had a number of kid but willis was the youngest and his mother thought that he hung the moon. She was the world to him and i think vice versa. So he drew up with an absolutely doting, supportive mother whereas hill grew up to all intents and purposes an orphan. So they were in some ways an absolute study in contrasts, including the yankee versus the confederate. They were on opposite sides of the civil war. And that mattered. That was one interesting thing but to the book. Is that diversetive is now on a lot of peoples minds. And rightly so. Some of the conversations are very overdue. Hill felt like the victim solve discrimination and you look at that now, he was white, male, european descent like every other geologist but he was a southerner and was from the south, among a northern Government Agency and spell electric to all e intellectual elite and that was lifelong chip on his showered that he felt like he was the victim of biases and i think think he wasnt entirely wrong help was seeing biases behind every little issue that came up and it took on a life of their own but it was interesting to really think about the fact that there were biases against people from the south, and maybe some of those are still out there. When he win to cornell, southern cornell was big deal. It certainly was for him so he had never been north of the Mason Dixon Line and had grown up having yankees portrayed as just monster, so he is going off, takes a stage coach, planned cornell in the middle of a snowstorm and doesnt have Winter Clothes but he actually described cornell for the most part as a very good experience, very Good University and for the first time in his life he was in a seth where people were interested in science and knowledge. After his parents were gone he lived with a grandmother who was extremely religious, extremely strict. There wasnt a lot of encouragement or there werent science books in the house, for example. So cornell really was a revelation for him. I think that part of his life was when he get to usgs in washington, dc that he started to run interest what he perceived as biases. Still paying Student Loans. I actually have a paid off his Student Loans. Die remember that correctly. He wrote a check in 1928 to cornell. I never figured out if he paid them off entirely or not but thats a think of Student Loans as a modern day issue but it was something he got to cornell with no money. So working his way through school and borrowing money here and there. I mean i think to me again the thing that is so interesting is how human these people are, and its always great on my job i talk to scientist all the time, and some of them seem pretty human and some of them dont seem very human. So to really get the rich humanity of people is really valuable thing. Your book also its wonderful bringing george plasker to life and i enhave i you, george is very much alive and well so he was the if people havent read his book, george is a leading scientist who went to alaska after the earthquake sort out what happened in the earthquake at time when actually the leading seismologist turned out to be wrong, and george is a great guy. He works for the same organization i do. Hes alive and well in his early 90s and you got to talk to him. Yeah. I got to spend a lot of time with him on a little boat in Prince William sound in alaska. Before i wrote that book, i didnt know anything but geology or i know a little about about earthquake but not very much. George was my geology teacher so i feel pretty what a deal for me to have somebody like george describing alaska and stuff and just a great experience, and he is is a very he had an interesting yeah. [loss of audio] a little like hills in terms of orphanage and when he was a little active usgs guy. I dont know what he was like really but certainly as an emeritus usgs guy he doesnt have a chip on his shoulder like hill does. But to know that to get to know scientists and i think that is what your book does. Helps to really i feel like i got to know those two people, and the other thing is that the part you read as well, i kept thinking, obviously what a different time we learned a lot about earthquake in the 90 years since that episode, but theres still an issue of how threatened what is the risk . How should we deal with the risk . I know thats part of your job is talking to people about risk. Its just seems like in some says things have not changed, although they have obviously. We know so much more than we did in the 20s. That was before the plate tectonics revolution which george contributed to, so people really didnt understand what the earthquakes. They had a sense they were clustered . Certainpoint didnt understand the plate boundary zones and didnt understand the rates of earthquake, how often earthquakes occur on average, so baily Willis Harry Wood who meat a statement but a earthquakes, great earthquakes happening every 50 years. That was off because pause the didnt have a sense how big earthquakes were, let alone how often they occurred. To geologists dug interest the san andreas fat and found evidence of past earthquakes. The hayward fault and we get an average occurrence so we know on average how often great earthquakes occur. That is a key ingredient for seismic map monday and those are critical to develop building codes with appropriate provisions. So an awful lot has changed but we still want to know when is the next big one going to be . And that is where we really havent made any headway in terms of making a prediction on a short time scale or even a decade time scale. Theres a sense were all waiting for the southern san andreas to have a big earthquake. The southernmost part of the fault has not ruptured since around 1690, date that established only by geology. The 1857 earthquake, which was north of los angeles, was 150 years ago. And so that starts to feel like quite a long time, and theres various evidence that theres a lot of strain built up, we wouldnt be surprised if something happened, but we still cant say its going to be this year or this decade. So that translates for the public how worried shy by . I grew up in new york and lived until recently in new york. And i still i live in new mexico which is not earthquake country, so i always thought how do people live in california . There could be an earthquake at any moment but obviously you come to term with it. Just like living in new york you come to terms with the idea a hurricane once every 30 years could hit but still the issue of how do we as a seismologist, theres a person who is an earthquake expert, how do you warn people but not get them to panic . Thats a vanishing fine line. I heard the author event with bj wildy who has written about los angeles in the sense of place, and i asked him about earthquakes, which i think have contributed to the sense of place in los angeles and the sense of identity we all feel and he said if you live here, you are part of living here is being on the edge and having that realization that something could hit you at any time. And now i forget again what the question was. I dont know of it was a question. As might feel that way but what as a person whose job it is to inform people of the risk,. The that fine line hasnt again away and i think its gotten worse because theres been such a weaponization of science now. So, the science we have debates but theres a body of knowledge that is established, that we know and even in the 20s in hill and willis both knew that earthquakes happened and hard mitigation was important Hazard Mitigation was important and theres a body of knowledge but if youre trying to have a balanced discussion in the context of a larger political environment where people are refusing to accept basic science, it just gets i think more and more difficult. I i do go ahead. I do conclude that scientists play a role in the process but the media plays an Important Role as well, and theres some really good science journalism out there and i think that helps you know, its interesting because as you point out in your book, even then as we say in the news business, if i bleed it leads. We are much more interested in the photo of a disaster than the photo of a near miss or a near disaster. And that is true today. Certainly true at the place i without, the New York Times and true in obviously broadcast news, cable news, but [inaudible] you talk but nuance and theres not as much nuance as one would hope or one would wish in media, and [inaudible] what a sorry. Getting into the great quake debate, the thinking were looking more at what the business interests were doing. Theyre easy to paint as the bad guys. That were denying earthquake hazard, and i think lick most things in history the truth is more complicated than the simple, short telling. But excuse me they were make something of the things they were saying back then werent entirely unreasonable and they were making the point that when earthquakes happen the coverage tended to be biased towards the dramatic. Youll see the pictures of the buildings that are knocked down and as recently as 2015 the big earthquake in nepal, if you think back to the headlines and the stories you saw on the news, i remember headlines saying that nepals Cultural Heritage was destroyed and ive worked in nepal. I have friends there. My heart was in my throat initially and it was horrible earthquake. Killed 9,000 people and took a very heavy toll, but i landed in kathmandu a month after the earthquake and it was just stunning how few signs of damage there were. The picture you got just five years ago in the media versus the boots on the ground reality were so, so different. That apply a well to what earthquakes get noticed. I mean, i am constantly since im i guess in the [inaudible] whenever theres an earthquake, editors ask me so 6. 8 in chile or something. And knocked down some build examination maybe theres fatality or two and everybody will say, oh, realun usual. Henry fountain were put it on. Susan hough pulled hasnt been photographed really. It made a difference with the earthquake. It had a huge impact for number of reasons for the work actual photographs of the damage. There was a basic fear, and their thoughts about the fears and the thoughts that people worrying about the wrong things. They worry about playing precious and when 40000 americans are killing the road and nobody panicked about that. Earthquakes are the same way. There terrifying. Hurricanes at least to see them coming. Was earthquakes, when your house start shaking fo 431 in the morning, even as a seismologist, that is terrifying rated they all fundamentally scary police e are people who leave california because sometimes didnt want to deal with this. Especially they go through an earthquake. Its i think it does take the folks who stay here. Henry fountain yes. Susan hough and for those people put up with it. Henry fountain speaking of science and one of the other points that i thought was great in your book and became towards the end. First effect that this is really this whole debate, its really science in the works. There were a lot of ideas, and there were some frauds in their thinking. And probably got half of the stuff right. They certainly do not get everything right. But over time, thats the way science works. There are debates about things i think it worked out. And that i it is get debunked. So this is like the scientific process at work. All about the iconics, about the stage. There were all sorts of crazy ideas. And its been talked a lot about. It took a long time to work out. It has worked out. Were in an age where science, good to read about basically. Susan hough you broke up a little bit there. So dont know people understood that. There are some things about researching the book. One of the interesting things work to look at costello lewis. Mostly that harold was saying. Now we know we are wrong. To realize that trump is really. Insightful at the time. And you go back to 19201925, they didnt know the plates were moving around. We didnt know they could move sideways, they can move vertically. So there is no theory to explain lateral explanations and all of the theories explain that earthquakes tended to focus on the vertical horses. So things being the earth expanding you talk about that. Were there were ideas that they have local heat and youre starting with the fundamentally wrong premise. You can make some very insightful arguments that are completely wrong. In these folks in the area. For example he concluded that the data in california and slow down. Over time. Which is wrong. But the rate of vertical movement has slowed down from 30 million years ago. So starting with the wrong premise, actually very insightful conclusion. One thing about science is that the earthquakes come along. Theyre sort of, they will have the last word. How strong is ground going to take in the next earthquake. Fortunately they dont happen all that often. And a lot of examples in earthquake science is because the earthquakes of upland. Henry fountain getting much more steady in the used to be. Theres more data that goes through. I think even and 64, by far the most studied earthquake up to his time. And its gotten better since then. Susan hough s fascinating running around alaska on afloat plane looking at lines to figure out what is not up and gone down nowadays theres just so Much Technology that the ridge crest earthquakes that happened last year the desert, within days or less and that we had maps showing would have moved and where the faults were. In be entered by developing better and better interpretation, is really driven the science. Henry fountain that is great. It. Susan hough i have one eye on the time. And i know we were supposed to at some point breakaway for questions. I thought we might come back on. Not seeing it though. Henry fountain as she not call up. Speech of hope will how can scientists best communicate the risk of Natural Hazards now. I wish i knew because again we have this climate where science and there is a body of knowledge of things we can say. And theres a contingent out there that is hope solidifies it. Im not sure what the answer is. I wish i knew rated and we just keep plugging away. Please look for ways to reach the people. Social media in the information out that way to make science accessible. Hope of my book one of the things i have done is picked interesting story. About people release interesting characters now the deal with it. That is one of the ways you can popularize science. And communicate some of the aspects of science to a broader audience. And thinking about my community, i think about a lot of the books in an overtime. Henry fountain as a journalist i would say the earth quake Scientific Community actually does much better job than most scientific communities in sort of communicating to the public. And in general, not just the earthquake hazards in the other hazard groups. Very good at bringing hope and even in the sort of more trouble times. Theyre willing to talk about their work. And help me and others explain it in ways that are good. I think you do a really good job it was in my favorite Government Agency. Susan hough one thing about the earthquakes as they tend to be nonpartisan. And people tend to agree that certain functions are imperatively governmental that we are monitoring earthquakes. Were putting out hazard maps now developing for the warning systems. Even people who are antigovernment tend to want the usgs to be around. In the old days, usgs even put at the maps. Thats what we are known for. There is a question about earthquakes in oklahoma and other oilproducing states to be manmade. So think that the jury is in on that. That is not hydraulic fracturing per se. The process of injecting water into the shale. And putting out hydrocarbons. So its an oil recovery technique. In the actual hydraulic fracturing can trigger or induce small earthquakes. With really bad after his water, the process producing the wastewater. It is toxic bring so you dont want to contaminate. So its disposed of any injection wells. So those wells get quite deep because you want to get below the apple area. So the slip process that can induce the more significant earthquake. So weve seen earthquakes up to 92 the 5. 8 in oklahoma. We just had the anniversary. Ono, september 3rd 2016 is the anniversary was a 5. 8 in oklahoma. There is a debate about that. Were the freighted with a natural. But that settled itself out as well. There was an overwhelming body of evidence pointing to industry activities. And then actually sort of a Success Story and that carbon earthquakes, you can mitigate hazard by changing much doing. They have spotlight systems in oklahoma. Start have the law earthquakes and you scale back and that sort of thing. So the rate has dropped the last couple of years. Henry fountain it it has really dropped. It given to an oil and gas for so long, theres so or a lot of waste water wells. I think in a series of clicks, not the big one and but around andaman there were a series of earthquakes. They just closed it down five injection wells or something. And it disappeared. Its a Success Story. Susan hough is a hazard you can manage. And theres the issue with the fossil fuels. But i think the induced earthquakes are manageable. Henry fountain we have time for one question it sounds like. Susan hough is one interesting question. Scaring the public even with some level of exaggeration. Ive come down on the side the site is have to be honest brokers. I come down on one side of the line. I would not argue that exaggeration is appropriate. You can find things in kind of unvarnished terms. We know what happened in 1964. We know what happened in 1906. So think that needs to be presented. But i dont think we should never go beyond science can say. Because its not what science is about. And it can backfire. Once the prediction was debunked, the overall cause of the reduction to hit for a while. Im waiting for somebody else to present a question. [silence]. I think were about at the end of our time. There is a question about which ultimately most concerned about. It is really hard to say. Theres a Hayward Bolton east bay. Is very long record since 1868. The fault runs through the densely populated area. So this definitely a concern. Others others and since california has lots of alts. This one half a mile north sitting, part of california. I do think that we are at the end of her time. Because i was told in our from the onset. I think were having trouble connecting. Henry fountain something has malfunctioned. Susan hough oh dear. Henry fountain so should we go ahead and sign off. It sounds like we should. Susan hough there we go. And i wanted to think again, everyone into the time out of their evening. Wherever there, to tune in. This is part of the process of understanding and communicating. Squeak that you were able to join us henry. Henry fountain thank you. Is a look at some industry news. Former president barack obama has announced that he will release a first volume is a present of memoirs on november 17th. The book, the Promised Land will cover his first term in office. John sergeant has announced head of macmillan publishing, one of the largest book publishers. At the end of the year and disagreements regarding the direction of macmillan. He has been the ceo of the publisher for the past eight years. In other news, author and critic stanley died last week at the age of 74. A longtime columnist for he wrote about a myriad of topics but must known for his writings on jazz. Another also died last week at the age of 77 he wrote several books including the 1986 novel forest comp. That was adapted into the oscarwinning movie starring tom hanks. Mr. Crouch in his room it appeared on book tv several times. It endorses programs our website. Also in the news, bookscan reports book sales rose just over 7 percent through the weekend ending september 12th. Adult nonfiction sales are led by Michael Collins book on his relationship with president trump. The National Book foundation has released a long list of nominees for this years National Book award. Ten finalists and categories of nonfiction, fiction, poetry, and young adult and translated literature will be down to five next month and then the winners will be announced during a Virtual Program on november 18th. Book to be will continue to bring you new programs and publishing news. You can also watch all of our archive programs anytime. Hope to be. Org. Watch book to be coverage of the 20th National Book festival this weekend. This Virtual Event hosted by the library of congress features online author discussions. Plus life segments. Today at 7 00 p. M. Eastern, author gail collins wrote a book, no stopping us now. Right now, since the 1970s, there has been this transformation of the economic role of women in america. It. In a 745 because she joins us for a live discussion taking phone calls. Then at 8 00 p. M. , historian john meacham with his book, his truth is marching on. So heres born in 1940. Who repeatedly in the american south, 50 and 60 years ago, acted in the tradition of essentially an early christian saint. Summa followed by a live collins segment at 8 30 p. M. We will take your questions. On sunday at 7 00 p. M. Eastern, and with her book cosmos. Cosmos. I think it was an effort to get the broadest possible public, a global public. Its coordinates in space and in time. Should take your life because it leads starting at 730. An entity p. M. , he discusses his book reagan planned. Arrived about the corporate world. Organizing against the part that we talk about. And reticular calls starting at 8 40 p. M. And watch book tvs coverage of the 20th annual national put into it book festival this weekend on sunday. During a break from the National Book festival, by the 91 40 p. M. Eastern, trump supporters, will take your phone calls and talk with the book, apprising. On cspan2. Tv continues now on cspan2. Television for serious readers. Thank you so much. It is so great to be here with debbie. Your here oh shows there we are all all of us are in the same spot but in lieu of that. It is going to be able to do this and thank you all for joining us as we
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