That phone and the light with the device chain in 2007 and you remember that year . I know you know but for those who dont that was the introduction of the iphone. Literally it changed the way we use devices with those multimedia functions and it enabled and opened up several doors of opportunity for us to have this conversation today. But on a regulatory front which is more in line with your question in that 1980s the fcc launched its first cell phone spectrum ban and through a series of those decisions, based on that we are now seen and that marked the global, mobile revolution. Of course, revolution often happen in different phases at different stages. So now in terms of mobile revolution or evolution we are talking about the sixth phase in some ways but not in all communities and thats another topic for another time but the fifth wave or evolution when it comes to mobile phones. What we saw around the third wave or so is these devices becoming smaller, more nimble, less expensive and more ubiquitous so you have the pop up of a lot of these very assessable to buy these phones and they became more attached literally to us. The devices through those evolutions particularly when it comes to recording and i like to still say but videotaping content. It has become the narrative, literally the narrative for our lives today. I am stuck on what you said for variety of reasons because i think a lot of people dont understand that the federal medications commission had a lot to do with sort of introducing us to this mobile ecosystem and i try to remind myself also that this iphone really was only 12, 13 years old and the old as my daughter but then too, even with the other platforms that we use what you said is key, its actually become able to be put in our purse or pocket which is something for people of color historically groups never had that before. We never had the ability to carry that type of arsenal to share distinctively what is happening with us. If we were lucky we had a landline phone if we could afford the rates and if you remember it Long Distance was incredibly expensive. We had to stand around and it was a sunday afternoon event to make a longdistance call. Now you have the right plan, anytime, anyplace you can make anyone. Thats right. Im not going to date myself and i got my new hairdo to look younger and i will not tell people how far back i go when it came to pagers and payphones but i wonder if we could switch to doctor ray, when we think about the sociology what is happening in the Digital Transformation when we look at black lives matter for example, they started online and there wasnt, i love the story of how black lives matter got created but really it became a movement that enabled technology with mobile devices. Speak to us for a moment about social cause and social activism in the Role Technology has played to advance this method before we get to the nuts and bolts around what we are using it for and why it is so important at this moment. Well, thank you and doctor turner lee to say that back to you. I think when we talk about social media and of course, as you know, for the past several years i have been part of a group of researchers that have been curating data on social media and the black lives Matter Movement. The big thing we have is a large digital archive of tweets starting in 2014 with Michael Brown was killed and we have continued securing those data and millions of tweets. Obviously as you mentioned black lives matter started by three black women primarily interacting on facebook, committee getting with each other and now its turned into an international movement. The way that the movement for black lives and the way they use social media is something that is unprecedented. What i mean by that, lets go back five, six years ago after Michael Brown was killed and freddie gray, sandra bland in so many others who were fortunate to have a , is that the level of public support at that time was an infinitely low, people are trying to figure out black lives matter. It reminds me of what is happening right now around this defined the police. In curious to see that movement over the next decade. But the movement for black lives is supported for the black lives Matter Movement has significant increased in such a short time and that is because people affiliated with the movement, people working organizations have figured out how to use social media and particularly figured out how to use the algorithms so part of what happened recently with george floyd and ahmad aubry and Breonna Taylor and others is that when people were using hashtags on twitter, instagram, snapchat, tiktok, whatever people use is that the algorithm now has brought up additional videos for people to see and it shows what happened to george floyd is not isolated and instead it was part of a broader pattern of systemic racism and Police Brutality. Not only that but the videos also show white people behaving in similar ways and getting treated significantly differently than black people. I think that is one of the biggest things that has led to this racial awakening. Of course, covid has contributed to that because people for a period of time and the most part a lot of places around the country have been at home or working from home and giving them the capacity and ability to look at things during the day and watch and Pay Attention in ways that their former lives would not have allowed. Social media has played a big role in what is going on in one of the biggest findings i can share for my work is we looked at a year in ferguson. Every single tweet that had to do with ferguson from the time Michael Brown was killed until one year later and what we found is that when the department of justice report came down that Consent Decree sewing ferguson placed permit had engaged in an egregious form of racial discoloration against black motorists and people and black lives matter started getting so organized that it started going on the ground a bit and the tweets about black lives matter was not necessarily prominent as it was before. One year after Michael Browns death, i mean despite people using the black lives matter showed it was a delivery organizational strategy to highlight what was going on because Michael Brown was a catalyst in this sense that black lives matter wasnt extremely popular nationally, internationally before but the spy cap and particularly with november when the mayor was found or did not actually go to trial but the grand jury decided not to pursue charges but one year after they showed with the movement for black lives was about and how quickly they were able to organize and how quickly they learn strategies to use their mobile phones and all the apps that came up now like if youre stop by the police, hit this button and Start Recording and hear the things to do and it is layered up and it has become part of an ecosystem for people and how to interact with the police. While, i plan in my third series having a conversation around social theories and what that looks like going forward. I love the way you talk about it because you combine the tool which back in the day was a telephone tree but it came to organizing and now you combine collective that has mobilized activities and puts the brakes on the fact that these are no longer hidden phenomenon when it comes to police. I want to move to you, christian. Part of it is we are seeing it. I think we all with Trayvon Martin we saw the representation of the powerful imagery of hoodies and we see it but it came with Michael Brown and watching a video which i believe rashawn was on body camera . But we began to see citizens actually collect the information and the question i have for you is no one talks about the First Amendment and the fact that the legal rights associated with that and before we go deeper i want you to relay for us, christen, what should we be looking at in terms of the admissibility of these type of content . Yeah, first thing. Thank you so much doctor lee for bringing us together for this timely discussion. We really appreciate it and you know, you have the right to record. This is a right to that is protected under the First Amendment and courts have looked at the act of, of recording and taking photography as forms of expression that are clearly protected under the First Amendment. There is a circuit split on this question and it is possible that this question make make its way eventually to the Supreme Court but for the time being the courts have taken up this question of whether or not this is First Amendment protected activity and have found that it is and that there is no qualified immunity for officers. I wanted to take a step back and just talk about the power of visual images of violence and brutality perpetrated against black people throughout time because as it turns out this is not just the new thing but something that dates back to, you know, the darkest days of jim crow and the images of lynched black people and the images of people assaulted on the Edmund Pettis bridge. The images of john lewis being brutalized by state troopers and those images went viral two. They went viral on grainy, black and white tv screens and ended up being images seen all over the globe that really brought a degree of shame on america, shame on the nation and in some respect those images and that shame that came along with those images are what lays the groundwork for congress to pass the Voting Rights act of 1965. A propelled lyndon b. Johnson back against the wall to sign that remarkable act into law. Fastforward to moments like ronnie king and seen that brutality and what were those devices called . Right, i think that wasnt even a digital camera but a camcorder. Camcorder. Yeah, with that big tape. Seen the brutality perpetrated against rodney king is what laid the groundwork for there to actually be a prosecution of those cops who perpetrated that horrendous assault. Fastforward to, you know, walter scott who, you know, he is a 50 yearold man, stopped because of a broken tail light, former military and a human being and he stopped by a cop who claimed right, who claimed as we find out falsely that mr. Scott tried to take his taser and that he was forced to shoot but then the courageous person who happened to record that incident comes forward and we find out that there is a different truth that mr. Scott was running away and shot about a dozen times in the back and the officer planted that teaser next to his body. Then we fastforward to eric garner, right. Stir or to who, you know, recorded what happened there and you think about all these incidences and the through line is that throughout history images of the brutality have proven a powerful in promoting reform and sometimes promoting accountability but most often in shaming the public to see up close the vicious violence perpetrated against black people and against black lives. You are so right. Emmett till, if you ever go to the National Museum of Natural History culture and you walk watch the maney tilt made the decision to keep emmetts casket open so in terms of the shameful history that was a spark of the modernday Civil Rights Movement and when i was at [inaudible] they santana was one of the people we honored for taking that video and having the graciousness to actually record what happened to walter scott but since that time there have been so many and i think we said the name of every person who has been a victim of Police Brutality unarmed, sandra blair, all those people that have done that, ahmad aubrey, even the fact that we saw it is dramatic but that trauma that we are experiencing as we talk about the use of modernday technology to help us do exactly what kristin has said that has a history. And they talked about the Civil Rights Movement that they wanted to turn off what was happening and speak to us about the history in terms of media policy and eliminating our ability to be authentic and if you have questions, event at brookings. Edu and continue the conversation on the pursue justice. Thank you, nicol. Some people suspected but may not know that especially across the south in the 50s, 40s, 50s and early 60s there was Something Real and a thing called a news blackout. Governors got together with broadcasters, Police Officials got together with a Newspaper Publishers and when things were happening across this nation that would under any other circumstance, you know was newsworthy and deserve to be covered they were not and if particularly we were sensitive about it in South Carolina where there were a number of incidences and hominy people know about the massacre i can share this picture later but have you ever heard of Sarah Mae Fleming . Sarah mae fleming was a 20 yearold africanamerican female from South Carolina and its as rural as it sounds who got on a bus 17 months before rosa parks but because of the blackout, lack of covering which became two trials you dont hear about her but that is the case in Columbia South carina that sparked informed and enabled this success of the montgomery bus movements. What happens is not only we dont have dominion which we do now with these devices but we dont have possession for the ability to get the information out but because of that there were gatekeepers that purposefully ensured that those movements, those acts of rebellion, those injustices were not broadcast or printed and it gave a false impression to the world that we were okay and everything was all right that there was no problem here. You know that is not the case and what we have seen now are ubiquitous tools to, more level that Playing Field for visual, audible and other forms of justice. Yeah, i have to be honest this is a tough webinar for me to do folks because they are so close to home in the videos are so telling about what that looks like. I would assume rashawn in the work you do in working with Police Officers that that brings a different angle to their work as well and of course, i want to be sensitive to what you are seeing by what we are talking about so far which is the availability of content that brings the lived experiences of black people closer to home. Ones that were blackout for time and what is the strain on the police . Without taking any sides because we are nonpartisan and try to be open but where do the police find themselves with this plethora of content that is so telling about their behavior . I appreciate that question. Even to your point about having to get a caveat about which side we are on, unfortunate that we live in an era where it is perceived that people and police are on different sides were supposedly they are protect and serve you. I come from a lawenforcement family in a military family and now i study and work which is not even the reason why i study lawenforcement but it directly spanned out of the research i did on health but it speaks to your question about what impacts it has on police. I will try to break this down quickly. I think the first big thing is that it has a huge toll on their Mental Health and their emotional wellbeing. Now, lawenforcement is an extreme a difficult profession. I would argue probably most difficult that we have in our country. That being said they are ready dont get the proper resources they need when it comes to psychological services. There is a recent study highlighting 80 of law police have chronic stress and that is depression, anxiety and they get angered easily and they have familial problems, 80 . One out of six report substance abuse, one out of six report suicidal thoughts but 90 of them never seek help. Then you couple that with the destruction of a hero complex because part of what happens when kids grow up in the United States we are socialized to the police are there to protect us and they are the good people and we say good guys which depending on where you are in the country directly signals gender on top of that even for people who use guys to mean everyone but the point of that is as people get older that image starts to erode and for people trying to psychologically process that it has a huge impact on what they are doing and this is a kicker, even so their emotional and Mental Health is already problematic to begin with it doesnt necessarily impact their outcomes. There is a theory that has been put out there about the ferguson effect that came about when ferguson, missouri more or less sane because of the continuous strain or stress of Law Enforcement and the attention on them will impact how they do their job there is no research to support that whatsoever but if anything its the exact opposite and lets take this moment. Has Police Killings decreased during 2020 . No, its increased. Is the ferguson effect was correct what happened to george floyd and what happened to jacob blake right now would not have happened and of course there are other incidences we could highlight but so far as what happen is people get pushed back into a corner and they react to that. One of the biggest things i could tell is i [inaudible] my team at the lab that weve done right along in so many different right along and weve interviewed hundreds of Police Officers in this one main finding about black lives matter, we asked him what he think about the black lives Matter Movement and this was i think three years ago when we asked them this night dont necessarily think its changed a whole lot and i think they are nuances that changed slightly but we asked them what are your views on black lives matter and is it positive or negative . 75 of officers who have over eight years of experience have negative views of black lives matter, 80 . Now, what is interesting about that is there arent any racial differences there. Black officers are just as likely to have negative views. The other officers there views have been more nuance. In policing often times the experience is highly correlated with age, not always but generally if you have an officer whose only been three years their younger and they have seen your more likely to be older but here is one of the site [inaudible] white officers, 70 of white officers were high levels of experience few black lives matter as a terrorist organization. Even explicitly comparing black lives matter to the kkk. We have to be clear about the perceptions and then we have to think about what does it mean for a black person to be walking down the street with a black lives matter shirt or hat on or even a white person because part of what has happened in 2020 with the racial awakening and its mostly white people in the streets protesting and continuing those protests days on end. That perception instantly feels the negative view and the other side of it is that officers who feel differently, officers who do want to speak up like against offices officers like derek they are stigmatized internally and more likely to be disciplined and less likely to be promoted more likely to be put on certain types of routes and duties that other officers dont want to do. Part of it is a broader continuum that structural in nature that leads to a culture of policing that could have detrimental effects, not only on Police OfficersMental Health but in the way they treat us. That is interesting. Its interesting that you said that. I bought a black lives matter mask yesterday and i was walking to my store and i live in Northern Virginia and wasnt thinking anything of it and my daughter said to me are you sure you want to put that on . We got to go into the store mommy and it wasnt because she was political but the perception in this racial time of course i wore it anyway but i want to go back to you because i think what rashawn is talking about is one of the reasons why we may have this administration of justice because underneath this code exists that it says something about the militarization of these movements that may show a black man getting shot, showing a black woman being shot we still are at this phase where theres a failure to get these into any level of prosecution. I did bring up the walter scott example because that ended up being one powerful instance in which the bystander video is what was used to bring the officer to justice which proved he falsified a report which proved that he planted evidence on mr. Scott which proved he shot him in the back as he was fleeing. So, i do think that we need to be courageous and record these incidents. We wont always see justice but they are critical and a critical weapon in Holding Officers Accountable and there is another piece to this and that is reporting protests. Reporting protests as they are taking place and carrying out. Its a remarkable moment because you have the public protesting the very institution that is surrounding them and prevailing them and often using force as a tool to constrain their activity and we have seen in the ensuing weeks that Peaceful Protesters have been assaulted and members of the press have been assaulted and that is in large part because of the cameras are rolling and my organization, lawyers waiting for civil rights in the law along with the aclu recently bought the federal lawsuit against the Trump Administration and the Trump Administration for the vicious assault of peaceful demonstrators carrying out in Lafayette Square in the shadow of the white house and many of you may recall this moment where President Trump comes out flanked by attorney general barr and other senior administrators and there is group of demonstrators assembled that included a mother and a nine yearold child and a pastor, a veteran and this is a multiracial, multigenerational group and without provocation and without provocation attorney general barr ordered the use of violence against that group. Blu the u. S. Park police. We had the secret police and we had all federal law and foresman flanked in riot gear that fired pepper bullets and that fired used their batons to disperse this assembled crowd. The Trump Administration will come up with its own version of events that day but one of the reasons why we were able to pursue this suit was not just because of the very compelling truthful and powerful accounts of our clients but we havent backed up on video and we have it all backed up on video and it is still very confident to move forward in federal court that we have a pretty ironclad case that makes clear exactly what transpired that day because so many cameras are rolling so you know, it is not just about the horrendous Police Shootings but also about the protest activities and that is critical to preserving this Racial Justice movement that is underway right now. I thank you are so right that the ability to actually use these technologies in a way that is degrading to surveillance and the fact that i will go back to you mignon. This time i heard about the surveillance was in the 60s when they were surveilled. In your opinion, as you think about this, has the technology become so strong that it could work on both sides of the coin when it comes to helping and hindering . I often talk about technology being agnostic. It really is. You know, it innovates and is a platform and a conduit and it is used to reflect and to capture what is going on during that particular time. I read a commentary about he put this in a way when we talk about these platforms in a way that i could not and said every historic event has its ideal medium of documentation. Think about, how simple and at first it was the oral history and then we had books or newspaper and then we had, you know, still pictures and radio and television and now youve got the video component but you know i have this quirky thing often where i pick the word of the day and all of this when we talk about the platforms which this exchange is resting, all of this offers validation. To me that is my word of the day but the things weve been saying and the things in our communities that were so selfevident and the video component offers validation, what it does not offer unfortunately is justice. It does not guarantee that. And so the rest of Society Needs to heal and fix itself but its very clear and very visual that weve got the documentation of validation or the concerns. Weve got a lot of healing to do in order for that to match up and to deliver justice. Thats right. Thats why i ask people to put hashtags technical justice which is what around you do next when you get people the power of technology or you exclude them from the power of Technology Like those in the digital divide. It all centers around justice. Justice for people who have access injustice, commissioner clyburn, to your point that people could follow through on that access. What they might have done to someone over who they are interacting with and vice versa and that evidence is brought into court and evidently it is just as likely if not more likely to often times help validate Police Officers views of things as it is from general public depending whats going on. Machines do something. People create those machines and algorithms and their biases inform what is happening so we know from a host of programs that the bias is embedded in the algorithms when we talk about facial recognition, it is the high likelihood that peoples faces are going to be misclassified. Black peoples faces could misclassified because our face is unlikely to be part of the algorithm that informs the decisionmaking process. We also know black women in particular are even more likely to be misclassified. Especially if we change our hair. We can think about the implications of that if we Start Talking about whether or not facial Recognition Technology should be able to be used in Court Proceedings to make decisions. One thing i know about policing it hasnt stopped officers from using the technology and the like in the way that they go about their work. The problem, however, there are two prominent studies that highlight this. One is in boston and i would like to highlight one in california. Football season just started and it used a group of boston athletes from the patriots and the red sox and misclassified their faces and confused them as being criminals so we can think about the implications of that and how they use members of the state legislature to look at facial recognition. So part of it, and hopefully you will speak to this as well. I dont want to say this for you out of the legislation i has ben passed federally around how to hold some of these things in check because it is moving so fast that part of what is important for people to realize is that Law Enforcement once the new shiny toys just like everyone does and if the company is coming in or the Police Department doesnt have to pay for that, but that department would use it as a pilot and make decisions about who they stop, who they arrest. And i know this because i do some of this stuff. They would use the technologies so policymakers are light years behind and i use that terminology deliberately because over the past 13, 14 years the speed which technology has advanced his astronomical end of theventof a decisionmaking pros that the local, state and federal level hasnt been able to keep up with that. Talking about the shiny devices that Law Enforcement gets a, we have some form of medium to report these instances. We are now hearing Police Officers can tell us turn off your video. The young 17yearold girl that takes the incident has been harassed. So what can you do, what do we have as citizens to be able to further the use of new technology to advance civil rights and social justice . This is tough because we see officers became kind of just judgment on the fly. But in 2020, every Police Department should have a policy and officers that are trained to record their actions and it should have policies that speak to the narrow set of circumstances in which it might be appropriate for an officer. There is a serious assault or Violent Crime that happens in and officers he is somebody that may have a recording of that Violent Crime and feels that, you know, that evidence may be destroyed, there is some narrow instances to seize that evidence, but 99 of the time and the Justice Department has a policy on this, there is no justification under the First Amendment for an officer to seize someones camera. Youve got to get a warrant like anybody else. You cant interfere with somebody as they are recording. So, one of the questions that came in over social media says what do you do if a coffin says turn it off or step away. This is kind of one of those moments where again it requires us being courageous and having the courage because we have seen time and time again how bout for that video we would not be talking about these Police Shootings. We would not be talking about these deaths. We would not be in this moment that we are in right now where weve got one of the nations largest Racial Justice movements ever fueled in part by people who were courageously stepping out and showing brutality thats always been there and putting it up front, close and personal for everyone to see in ways that has made public very uncomfortable, now made it impossible for them to look away. So, my hope is that people will continue to exhibit that courage and that part of the work we do is to push forward the reform needed to make sure Police Departments have clear policies between their officers on and the public to record what they do. We talked about making sure the civil rights organizations were actually able, in reporting these incidents is. I know that maria is out there watching and i do give you a shout for that because that is the first time he was recognized for his efforts. Before we go to qanda i want to ask what we are at an opportune time. This is one of the first times we have seen this continue. Six months people called it the multiple dynamic cost before and racism. And with black lives matter, but people are now saying, yes, black lives must matter and we will tell you why. So i ask you all because we are on the eve again of another 48, 50 days before and election. What would you think are some of the policy takeaways we need from this . I know congress recently passed things like the antilynching bill which allows us to really condemn modernday lynching. I know theres also a little right now before the house which is about the Racial Disparities in healthcare. And i are not presley is one of the cosponsors of that. Its making sure that there is Antiracism Research when it comes to hope. I think that there needs to be some type of takeaways around the explicit use of these type of video devices for the administration. So i would like to hear from each of you what you think are some of the policy takeaways, but we are not just hiding these conversations around having something in your pocket to record something back. What can be a real change or take away . Im going to need help on this, but heres something that is bowled by the way of how i feel that it might not be precise in terms of how i share it. When we talk about ai and these platforms and algorithms that are used to, i believe they should pass a certain test. I believe they should adopt some of the characteristics of the California Law that demands diversity when it comes to the board. I think you should demand Diversity Inclusion and oversight as well as an evaluation before the first penny is spent, before the first is delivered that there is some type of review board that would look at that to make sure that theres not unjust or bias built into the system. So i would say be unapologetic and forward thinking about things as opposed to us going like my gosh, 30 of the time im misidentified. Africanamerican females have worse outcomes when it comes to facial recognition. But we need to make sure that its builtin. With some very distinguished academics all around the country in agreement with what you are actually talking about. What they are from kristen and then i will come to you. Policy takeaways. We heard that we have to have a better review of the representation of these types of technologies that are being deployed. In terms of you will be the policy takeaways if the videos are not done . I think that this needs to be a part of the overall conversation we are having about how we reform policing. The house passed the justice and policing act under the leadership of congresswoman and sadly that dell is collecting dust on the desk of mitch mcconnell. But on the local level as we continue to drive and push and press or demand for Police Reform in this needs to be an issue on the table making sure Police Departments understand that theyve got to respect the First Amendment rights of the public to record activities. Its interesting because this conversation plays out at a moment that we are seeing increasing troubling use of drones surveilling black communities. There is a tension i want to acknowledge but i think that this needs to be, again, be part of a real conversation about how we overall policing. Its not just banning the choke holds and racial profiling and creating a database to track that cost to prevent them from moving from one department to another, another ending qualified immunity. Those are incredibly important issues and then equally occupied the central role in the conversation. I love that. I think that becomes a takeaways within the legislation which we talked about and im glad you brought that up. We are going after criminal Justice Reform in terms of tackling what we have. Perhaps we need to do this in a positive way to ensure they can be admissible and captured without any type of records. Before we go to questions, what would you add in the policy takeaways . Spinnaker thats all ive got. They hit the nail on the head. On the George Floyd Justice and policing act commits the most transformative piece of reform that we have had. If people want that to not collect dust, because obviously i have a problem with that as well, we need to think about november because more broadly, when we think about the political landscape, various people win in november across the board from kind of the presidency through the senate and house of representatives, particularly the senate, then all of a sudden the act becomes law. Specifically on ai, yes we need proof of concept and evidencebased research. Yes we need randomized controlled trials and guess we need proof that equity and adversity has been included from top to bottom including the issues as well as the people making decisions to actually fund the algorithm and the technology. I think the sort of things would be really transformative moving forward and theres one big thing that i always pushed after studying this for about a decade. We really want to make the biggest impact we could have on policing, the biggest thing ive learned is that Police Officers lack accountability with the communities they serve. They have a lot of internal accountability. I could talk about that its not external. If we want to do something about that, to circle the immunity it is to ensure that civilian payoffs for the Police Misconduct shift away from tax money to the Police Department insurance policies. All of a sudden that not only puts the financial burden on the Police Department even in municipalities paying for it and there has to be legislation to make sure that comes out of their budget, but its also about Getting Police chiefs and other people in the Police Department a marketdriven evidencebased records of certain offices like theirs and so many others i know are costing the municipalities a lot of money just to highlight one city. In chicago they sent 650 million over the past two decades on civilian payoffs for Police Misconduct. That money didnt come out of the Police Department budget, it comes out of the general fund. As much as people like to talk about the crime of th on the sor west of chicago. Imagine if that money into Education Equity order work infrastructure including a training people for technical jobs which is where the market is going and then in new york city they spend about 70 million almost annually on civilian payoffs for Police Misconduct. That is money being wasted often times mistreating black people do not always. Often times mistreating white people, latinos, asians as well and i think we can make these changes. And of Course Technology is a big part of it. But the perception that technology has to be the solution to these type of things, that equitable solution is the wrong way to approach it. I definitely have to get into a couple of questions coming in, but argued telling me that yes weve got to deal with the Structural Foundation and lack of accountability among the Police Officers i just want to know is there something that they have this attached to his or her name or her record, how many sacrificial lambs do we have to have recorded on tape before a Police Officer is held accountable particularly when the view is good, not grainy video. I mean i would like some response to that because i think that to your point about we have to figure out a way to find the outcome. Let me weigh in. Im from charleston and have an opportunity to meet with some of the members of the family. If you look at the background of the officer, this wasnt his first negative encounter, nor was it his First Encounter that resulted in death. So when you talk about accountability, it has to work both ways. If you are asking for the community to be accountable for itself, you need to loo look aty are also in terms of Law Enforcement and to be accountable to the community. We have to walk and chew gum at the same time. It cannot be you go first and then me. Its got to happen simultaneously, it has to be in tangible and if you want the communities and the perception to improve, everybody has to give simultaneously. Thats right. Kristen, did you want to jump in . I just wanted to say a word about the police Union Contracts, which i think are a barrier to reform and even in the instance where you may have a powerful video documenting the use of Excessive Force or deadly force by a cop, often the terms of collective bargaining agreements will give that officer the opportunity to see all of the written statements and photographs and video recordings first before they come up with their iteration of what transpired. As we think about the world that we need to move towards, i do think that keeping police Union Contracts and how they stand as a barrier to the reform is an important thing to just put a pin and keep on the table. I have a couple of questions. Thank you so much. It is so cool and i think youre onto something so lets keep talking about this. A couple of questions come and we assume everyone has broadband access. How many killings and shootings are happening with people that dont have the access to recorded that i would like to hear more on the question of she said things, we are having this event a as we are starting the conversation but blacklight is matter to expand upon any incident in the country around these Racial Disparities come at things like the education and technology. I mean, any conversation and i will swing this question people that are disempowered and disconnected and how they are actually able to tell the story. Can you answer that question for us . Youve got to answer it. [laughter] i will say a part of what nicole would say because shes the premier expert on the issue. One of the big transformations that nicole has pushed nic being implemented across the country, the big innovative idea particularly now not just with people capturing whats happening to them and their communities but also is trying to get access in the midst of a pandemic where you see the police show up sitting outside of a restaurant trying to get wifi access. Thats the world we are living in the United States. And what happens when we outfitted schoolbuses that are not moving right now with wifi, set them up with hotspots on their neighborhood. Thats one of the most innovative ideas that could happen and it doesnt seem like it should cost a whole lot were required a whole lot of resources and you instantly cover people. Then youve got to deal with the devices. The big thing that nicole has also done is helping to make connections with Tech Companies that make equipment to funnel these devices, tablet and what have you come to underserved communities and urban and rural america. To the point of the question, we already know that there is a Huge Technology gap particularly in rural america. For some reason we act like it doesnt have a whole lot of white people as well as often times a whole bunch of low income people across the racial groups who should be on the same page when it comes to their attitude, the socia their sociad political attitude. But often times media and social media becomes a vessel by which to separate a pen and create division. Commissioner clyburn, as much as we talk about this, we got to love this conversation you are absolutely right these videos what harm do we think has been done with these graphic instances of Police Brutality being shared so often and widely and how can we decrease the drama are we sharing them without taking away from the action we are talking about. When i share these videos, and i usually do so with a trigger warning because thats one of the reasons we are having this conversation right now and across the country is because of the videos that have made people so uncomfortable and have given them a front row seat to issues that have been happening for decades. Some of you may be in a different spot that i feel like they showed our humanity and show us being destroyed, undermined and obstructed by Law Enforcement. The thing that breaks my heart is thinking about the children, the little girl in the backseat while he was shot before her eyes and listening to her try to calm down her own mother through that are in this incident. There was another incident many of you may have seen. A car that was stopped and called insisted on asking the passengers for a drivers license. The father questioned why did he need to produce id and theres a little child, his son working out while his fathers head is being bashed into the ground and saying daddy. Theres no doubt a generation of children that will be traumatized by these videos and images. But i still believe that they are an important weapon in fight that we have been battling with for decades. If i might give a selfish plug we are building out our criminal justice team and looking for people who care deeply about these issues so i encourage people to check out the Job Vacancies on our website stepping up our fight against Police Brutality are front and center for the civil rights under law right now. Thank you. I know youve got to jump off of this. Any other comments before we wrap up . I think about two things. Number one come in the middle of the most painful part of the minneapolis experience, guess what was being reviewed, those contracts of Police Officers. Saying with that, change of law means change of application so we need to look at any jurisdiction we call home we need to go to the town council, whoever to negotiate those contracts and have better terms. Also when it comes to the young people one of the things about connectivity and having ubiquitous broadband is if we were ever to get to that point, the ability for me to use my personal device to have a helpful discussion with a therapist. So connectivity isnt just educating people between eight and three, it is addressing their other needs including Mental Health needs through technology that we can do boundaries like the difference. It doesnt matter if there isnt a child psychiatrist there. If i can zoom in, then i have an opportunity to be in the field so we need to think about connectivity not just from education on criminal justice and social justice but healing the communities because it allows for that to happen. Its time for us to move on but i think that you could do unless you want to deal with trauma in less than 20 seconds. Go ahead and close it out. Racism is traumatic, folks. I think that question is quite real but i think what she ended up with is that we cannot actually pull back from what we are seeing. If it wasnt for people like john lewis and being able to show his face badgered and brutalized on his block for freedom, if it wasnt for the fight to actually televise the Civil Rights Movement that was happening in alabama where fire hoses and people were being brutalized, we wouldnt have progress so as we move forward we must be sensitive to everybody has said. I always talk to my own children to make sure they are aware its going on around them but this isnt a safe space right now and that is the purpose of the conversation. The more we try to make it safer, it appears we have more dialogue to make sure that we cant do justice. Thank you so much for watching today. This will be posted. What other people know about the conversation if they were not here today. Its important dialogue that i think brings technology into the mix of social justice. If you want to hear more from the center of Technology Innovation we also have a podcast and i would ask you to go and listen to those episodes one is on racial bias and tech. Kristin has a drop off for another event and i know the two of you are busy. Thank you for your participation. And this isnt over. We have one more of these for Racial Equity and technology which should have been in the next couple of weeks and i would ask you to join that as well. Thank you for giving us an hour of your time today. Keep the conversation going. The military to civilian life. The committee is called to order and we will now move [inaudible] i now recognize myself for an opening statement. First, since there will be sufficient significant discussion about veteran suicides today, let me start by sharing the veterans