And also posted in the chat. I will send out absigned bookplates for any book brought with us. If you have any questions you can use the q a function at the bottom of your screen and bill will take your questions at the end of the event. Let me introduce abcartoons began appearing in the new yorker in 1978, she has since published more than 1000 she wrote and illustrated the number one New York Times bestseller can we talk about something more pleasant National Book critics circle award and awhat i hate from a to z and cartoon selection ab bill hayes is the author of insomniac city among other books. Forthcoming history of exercise to be published by lounsbury. The recipient of the guggenheim fellowship in nonfiction and frequent contributor to the New York Times. Collection of his street photography how new york breaks your heart published recently by ahe completed the screenplay for film adaptation for insomniac city and coeditor of oliver sacks a hi billy. Hi roz, hi everyone, welcome. Hi everybody. Its great to see you billy. Im very excited about this. We are here to talk about your upcoming book. I guess i want to start by asking you when did you first realize that this wasnt just like another news story about some virus but actually something that was going to change the way we all live . I think probably toward the end of february beginning of march as i read about it in asia and europe and just felt like it was almost like a tsunami approaching our shores and sure enough by the first week of march it had hit the u. S. Im actually surprised in a way because its kind of great because i think for me i was very nacve. There were so many stories i hear on the news about a virus here, disease here, the mosquito thing and i just never really thought i never took it that seriously i never thought there was going to be ablord knows why, so blasc about it, but i never thought they would be in a bowl outbreak in the United States and never gave much thought to the mosquito west nile virus, any of that. Right. I was much later to realizing the seriousness of it. And that it was here. Yes. How can one ever have imagined what this would become . Yes i sort of felt like it was coming and its going to be serious and perhaps because i lived through the aids pandemic in the 1980s. I lived in San Francisco and there in 1985 and experienced that entire pandemic, which of course has been devastating and continues to this day. There is still not an aids vaccine. I think i remember how in the very early days it spread via basic air travel, International Air travel but of course i could never have imagined it would become the Global Pandemic it has become that would we would be on lock down and stay at home and that our lives would change virtually overnight. And the thing with aids i think you and i have talked about this a little bit is that they figured out more or less how it was spread, not at the beginning, in the beginning there was so much paranoia, could you get it from sharing food with somebody b but here we still dont even really know what this, we know its brass, its respiratory but do you remember at the beginning when they talked about like washing down groceries and stuff. [laughter] its amazing how much has happened in the past six months, isnt it . Yes also how little. Its a very very, i think we are all feeling that. I remember something one of my kids said in may he said in talking about how shrunken our lives have all become like we dont travel, we eat out we dont eat out the way we used to do as wisely we dont go into stores, this was back couple months going to the Grocery Stores its like, do i really need that, maybe i wont go, he said its like we all got old at the same time. Thats really a good way to put it. In some ways i think thats what i try to capture in this book how our lives change virtually overnight in ways you could never have imagined. For me to try to capture in real time what its been like. I wanted to ask, you keep a journal, right . I do at the behest of my late partner areally when i first met him in person wasnt really writing much in those days and he said when i moved to new york he said, you must keep a journal. I followed his advice and started a journal in 2009 i still keep it maybe not as closely gone through stages but i did keep a very close journal during the pandemic and a lot of material from this book came directly from those journals. Are you still keeping it . Assure. Thats really how this book started with notes from a journal. Things i was noticing hearing or not hearing. How our lives were changing. At what point did you realize this might actually become a book . I have to give credit to my editor nancy miller. We share an amazing brilliant editor nancy miller. Believe me, i had no idea that i would write a book about the pandemic in 2020 in fact at the end of january i completed a draft of a different book a very different book on the history of exercise called sweat which ive been working on for years and i sent that into nancy at the end of january i also finished this screenplay for insomniac city i thought i was gonna sit back and relax and that this would be the year of my book, history of exercise. Not long into the pandemic after it hit the u. S. , maybe the second week in march or so i was posting some things on facebook, little vignettes about things i was seeing in my neighborhood or at my bookstore and i was chief photographer so posting photos and nancy arranged for a face time meeting and i thought i was going to be meeting about talking about this other book sweat instead she said, what would you think about writing a short book and photographing a short book about the pandemic . I was sort of taken aback. I immediately said, yes. Thats a great idea. In retrospect it was like a great gift, a gift to have this book to work on, especially in those early days when we were really on lock down and i live alone and it kept me from climbing the walls. I wrote and photograph the book in two months. Wow. I know you and i do books also and that is fast. And its wonderful wonderful book. I love, especially, the way it combines pictures and words and that to me is one of the reasons i love cartoons and why i love graphic novels and also why i love this book so much because there is this wonderful, its not just images, there is like a story, like a whole story. Its not just separate images and then descriptions of what you are seeing, its the images that play alongside of the narrative. Very moving in a way. Can you talk a little bit about looking out your window . The cover of the book shows eighth avenue right up there, i would turn the computer monitor if i could, completely empty, i think i took the photo april 1, this is a very spooky and unusual site because what i was used to was seeing eighth avenue just clogged with traffic. In fact, i found it very beautiful. I will look out at lets say 6 00 p. M. And see eighth avenue just sea of red light to break lights and traffic lights, clogged from here to central park. The first photographs, one of the first photographs of the book is of eighth avenue in december, december 2019. A few pages later its followed by eighth avenue completely empty. Throughout the book there is this sort of before and after, photos and stories and new york before the pandemic, and after and so those two photos sidebyside really tell the story. I think photos can tell stories as well as books. Absolutely. I think thats why for me they appeal so much because they do tell stories, all of your photos tell stories and a lot of them tell stories of another thing you and i have in common which is our love of this amazing city new york, there are people who i think are more they move around and love the place they are in but they dont have that extreme love for a place and for me new york is the sort of magical place. I moved out of the city when i had my second kid and we raised our family in Public Schools and law and the usual and also lack of the funds to bring up two kids in the city. But every time i came into the city every time i got into Grand Central it was like, thank god, i can take off his hat, i can take off this little suburban hat and be myself. So, you were there throughout this whole thing. Another thing you talked about was the sound of how quiet it was in march and april. I just talked about seeing eighth avenue completely emptied out at rush hour, what would normally be rushhour. A single voice on this street. I can hear someone at the gas station kitty corner from me talking on a cell phone. So that was extraordinary. I meant has been a tragic and frightening time. There have been moments of real beauty and grace. It is also what i tried to capture in the book. Sue and there is is, you did, seem to be the city empty, that was being the city from outside this first couple of months i did not come in at all, but was really very scary. And your photos also of the subway. When did you take it or what was it like . Guest i remember so clearly the last time of the subway which was before the lock temperatures march 13, it was a friday. I had to pick up some prints. I have my photos printed at a fine arts printer, its really nice subway ride. On the each rain. But by that time, things were getting spooky. I thought about taking a taxi or an uber and i thought it such a quick subway ride. But the mood inside the car was unlike any i had ever experienced. With tension. And keep in mind before this is when before people wearing mask masks. There is a sense that everyone wanted to keep away from one another. And i remember feeling glad when i got back home. And then i did not take the subway again until gosh like may be late june or something. It was a wild. And yeah, did go down into subway stations and into trains adjuster take photos. And that was probably one of the spookiest things i have ever done. I went deliberately at rushhour when subway stations would normally be so packed and trained to be so packed. And they were just empty. That is so scary. Those were the images that got me so much when i would be watching on tv or whatever, pictures of the city in march and april. Especially in april. It would be like well this is the train at rushhour. And there would be like nobody on it. It was really creepy. Fact you want to look at some photos . Sue and yes i would love to. Meant to slideshows slideshow is really quick. Bear with me. There we go. See you and yeah those before and after pictures, that is amazing. Guest and theres one subway shot in the book itself, there is a shot into an l train. And as you know, the l train especially at rushhour can be so packed. It goes from here to brooklyn and back. And i think there might have been three people in the entire line of a train that was idling. So i went in and took a bunch of pictures of that. It did not really want to go on the ride. And i ducked back out. But i did subway photos over a couple of weekends. And we. And then just picture the very best ones for the book. Host well they are wonderful. I think the subway is probably pretty safe. Right now. Guest we talked without the other night treat you and i had dinner on the Upper West Side, dinner outdoors and distanced its one of the very few upsides to this whole pandemic is the Outdoor Dining during the summe summer. We both talked about how the subway feels very safe. I have been writing and everyone is masked in social distance. It subway is never been cleaner. Host yeah, i do feel the subway is not where im going to get sick. But i wonder about, what i have heard from people is that midtown is still pretty empty because people havent come back to work. Guest right. Stu and you have any feelings about her in the intuition about how this will play out . Do you think people will come back to offices . Guest , it is hard to know. Things have changed so quickly. I think that question really depends upon, in some ways depends upon treatment in the vaccine. And yet at the same time it has been amazing to see how new yorkers have adapted very quickly. To this new normal. Whether in a bookstore, a restaurant, or a shop. Host have you seen any things like during this that have been explicitly made you weeping . Guest sure, sure. I mean one thought that just comes to mind is you know there was that moment effect they write about in the book. There is a headlight in the New York Times it said Something Like now is the time to make your own facemask. Because before that authorities were sort of hedging, didnt know if frontline workers, you dont need to wear a facemask. And suddenly there saying where it facemask. Theres all these videos about how to make a mask. I couldnt find a bandanna or scarf. [laughter] so i improvised first i tried a vacuum cleaner bag. New i hope. Stay when exactly it was. But then i couldnt breathe because it was so thick. On the new found this in the drawer this morning. This is like going three time capsule. But i made a face mask out of a cloth napkin and shoelaces. Host that has a lot of connotations. [laughter] guest like what. Like what . Host when i see that i think of like pioneer women and sanitary napkins. Its just not good, is just not good at all. So there is a lot of touching moments. Sue and touching or it can be something that is just inexplicably reached you, i will tell you it happened to me, in march it mustve been about the third week in march and i was already feeling very fragile about all of this. When i started thinking about this is insane. Not papaya king, not mr. Papaya, one of those its a papaya king like place at the corner of 72nd, grace papaya on 72nd broadway. Probably like once a year end buy a hotdog there, if that. Its not like i always goes to grace papaya. No you know, but has always been there. Guest is a new york institution. Host generic institutions they are 1978 when i moved in my apartment. When it moved back parttime to the city, back to the Upper West Side it was still there. It just made me happy for some reason to see it. And i started to sort of imagine that it was going to go out of business. Anna got like hysterical weepin weeping. Thousands of people dying from coronavirus, no, grace papaya disappearing, thats it may be cry. With hysterical crying i think for me it was stored stimuli is what new york was going to lose and what would not come back. Im happy to say the grace papaya is doing very well parts of check that when i no, no, im telling you who knows. Check that worry off my list. Speech i think that something i also tried to caption kind before and after. And what we have lost probably. Some cases have probably lost. Hopefully those aspects of new york will come back. As you read the book their rec collision while recollections of subway rides or experiences in crowded bars, or in restaurants. Or a taxi ride, you know . Contrasting. Host all the things we did without really thinking. And it does seemed like, do you think of it is like the before time kind of . Before corona, bc . Guest i think so. I do think new york will come back. New yorkers for sure. It will be a different city. But it will come back in a different way. Host yeah, yeah, i worry about some place that seemed, and it is one of the things i love so much about new york which was going down some weird sidestreets in midtown and running into some shoe store that made orthopedic shoes. And like everything in the window was covered in dust. But they were still operational and they had this weird polio shoes and stuff. I wonder how is that store going to come back . It wont. It wont. In one of the things that made new york and makes new york so special is this layering. You have the super deluxe condo, or very fresh faced store for some kind of cosmetic give never heard of to the orthopedic shoe store that is been there since i dont know the error something. Its all mashed together. All different eras in the store that just sells like doilies from the 1950s, doily supplies whatever. Anyway, its time for some q a. Okay. Karl asks what would a typical journal entry be . Guest for me a typical journal entry might be, a couple of things. It might be a story of an encounter i have on the street. In fact there are a lot of those in the book. You know its part of my practice even before the pandemic to just go for a walk, open myself up to chance really. With all of the green lights with like no destination in mind. If the light is green go that way. Or i could go that way with my camera. And see what happens. And see who i am meeting. So in the course of working on the book their meeting three young doctors from nyu were sitting on a stoop this was early pandemic having dinner and drinks on their stu. He was in a moment where no one else was doing anything like that. So had to stop and say hey guys can i take your photo . And they said sure. We started talking. It turned out that all three of them had coronavirus early in the pandemic. Like in january and recovered quickly. And told me almost everywhere in their department at nyu would gotten sick. It had blown through their department. And they did not know at that time that it was covid19 prayed they thought it was a terrible flu. So the first time i heard it, is really good to hear story about people who had recovered because i was only hearing about deaths. And their experience of it what it was like. And it broke down that story about the encounter including and i had taken a photo of them as well. The other journal entry might be some thought that i would have sitting here in this apartment. I member lying on the couch when date realizing how very, very, very quiet it was i could hear a bird singing. And that just struck me. Usually my journal entries start with jotting on a notepad. And then i go to a computer version of it. In this new york journal j started in 2009 must be like 1500 pages at this point. There were stories and thoughts and engines to draw from. These were all of coast insomniac cities. In some ways its almost like a little sequel with insomniac city with my book of photography, it was a trilogy. New york has no one else in the world. In the book you have from before the pandemic there is a conversation you have with two young people. The talking about an apartment house. There talk about wanting to live there. And could you describe it . Its its a charming funny conversation. Just falling into a conversation with complete strangers. Even just sitting across the street and your encounter with them no more than one minute or 30 seconds. And they could connect with people where they could, they could. And that is change since the pandemic so meeting that young couple and having a charming fantasy about living in this beautiful brownstone was much more stark about Walking Around the empty streets and finding them just empty and feeling a little spooked by it. It was about a touching moment. This is when i was wearing my cloth or my underwear mask, i couldnt find it. I couldnt find a mask. And i happened to come across an independent pharmacy. And there is no one on 14th street. Which is usually so busy. Theres a big site in the window that said Something Like two free disposable masks for anyon anyone. Just knock on the door ring the bell. And i rang the bell in this pharmacist came to the door and i said, you have a mask . And he said jet yes just one moment. He went back and he came back and gave me two kind of surgical masks, in a sanitary bag. It was like this little gift. Nothing was required i didnt have to buy anything at the pharmacy. He was just being a kind fellow new yorker. And that really choked me up. Yeah, i think that would choke me up. So they ask okay, they ask what you think oliver wouldve made with this error in the changed world . Switch to yeah, i am now living in olivers apartment, its 130yearold grand piano behind me, oliver if for a would be 87 today. He saw a light while a lot in his life including survivors of the pandemic in the earliest 20th century prayed what came to be known as his awakening stations. However i think he would have drawn some parallels with other terrible pandemics in history. I think oliver would have been absolutely horrified by President Trump and his administration and handling of this pandemic. I think he wouldve had fear as an elderly person about getting sick. He would have worried about the many complications and unusual symptoms, he certainly saw that with his encephalitis approach. And we see that somewhat with coronavirus that it can manifest many different ways. But i think about it a lot sitting here and writing my book at the desk where oliver wrote so many of his books. Host this is what we have been talking about a lot, what do you both think makes new york so strong even the face of the pandemic . You go first. [laughter] alright, i think that new yorkers have a reputation and a lot of parts of the country for being mean or cold. I dont think that is it at all. I know new yorkers can be abrup abrupt, but i think partly because especially in manhattan, it is so compressed. It is so densely populated that there is a little bit of a sense back in the past when the subway was so crowded, it was not like oh, i could just be in the future were everybodys living in their own world. And its in no, it is so freaking crowded every freaking second, give people the gift of letting them alone in their own world to have their own quiet. There is a sort of respect and understanding that you might not want to be barged in on every second because you have secondly check i rethink or not you every Second Period but i think we know we are too dependent on one another to pretend that we are all living a million miles from each other and everybody is all out for themselves. We either all live together or we die together. We are all interconnected and interdependent purity think we know that. We know that on a non intellectual level. Every emotional intellectual, physical level. Once i think there is a way that new yorkers feel very connected. And loving of each other even if it is not shown in the same way, it may be shown in other parts of the country i dont know. Your term. I would say almost exactly the same thing. It is so densely populated in a relatively small Geographic Area that we sort of have to look out for one another. I think its one reason new york has ultimately done so wellin this pandemic. Host the sun amazingly well. Guest back in april and i wrote in the book. The book was written in real time. So basically starting in midmarch and going to mid may. About two months. And i wrote a postscript to the book spans the first 100 days but yeah i am with you. Yes, when we had dinner last week that was my second trip to the city since this started. And i was almost moved to tears how ingenious and how hard everybody is working to make things okay. Thats not easy to do the night before id had dinner with someone else and that strong these little lights on the enclosure it was beautiful went on at 8 00 p. M. And at dusk. That almost made me cry people work hard to survive. They are not tours now and thats not something i have mixed feelings about that lets a pretty dont sound like a mean person because of the sea theater district and stuff. Yeah that is pretty empty because there is no theater. As a good thing it sounded like a jet while i went nope nope nope. I thought youre going to get one of your birds. Sue and i dont know they are busy doing bird things. [laughter] what c. Stick to another question . Host nancy says what is your favorite photo in the book and why. Before you answer that i do have a question. You told me you took Something Like 900 photos. How did you whittle them down is 35 photos in the book. During that period, the beginning of march through june, took at least a couple thousand photos you have to take a lot of photos because you have to take a lot to get good ones. And have come home and taken 100 photos lets say. Maybe a couple of the subway stations, and i shot people on the streets, took photos of buildings and all kinds of things. Then i sit down on my computer and i only edits the ones i feel are going to be good photos. Whatever that means. Good, compositionally, good graphically, good commercially. So the number is very large. Then the group i chose from was maybe more like 500 or so. It was a very intuitive process. Which ones to select. There was a flaw in the book. Host the seed very emblematic and really, really good. They say a lots. And i like that they are all different. There are people, there are personal ones, there ones of the subway. But they vary still much seemed like your photos. Guest i have to say how do you to do this . How did you write this book . Guest i guess i would say all of my work today or my career to date have prepared me for this moment. Because i have been shooting photographs from the street since living in new york in 2009, for 11 years. And taught myself how to use a camera, made tons of mistakes, learned from my mistakes. They become triple approaching usually for going in the afternoon to take photos, it is not a new skill. And i think i could do it quickly. And you know some very, very basic lessons that i learned early on like always have your camera on. And the lens cap off. If you dont, you might lose a really good picture. I guess the question what is a good picture. One that came to mind is called the kiss at the Farmers Market. At the Farmers Market in union square, wandering around looking for photos. Not really finding things. And then i happen to catch this couple who had been working at the market. At the end of the day there packing up their truck. And they had a kiss. They were kissing. And i happen to be standing there just as they were kissing. And i caught the picture because i just happen to be there with my camera on with the lens cap off. And it captures a really intimate sweet moment. And then i chatted with them and i said is it okay, took your picture and i showed it to them on my camera. I still them over their names. Darya and jacob. Darya and jacob if you are out there, thank you for that photo. Jean breyer says your photos show an incredible ability to connect with a subject. How has that changed if at all during this pandemic . Guest i think a lot. It was kind of is very striking at first when things were very scary. Just to see the fear in peoples faces. A fear about what was happening. If i approached, the Immediate Reaction was to be afraid. So just having to be really chill and tell them what i am doing and explain, sort of trying to capture whats happening in our city multiple think is really cool. I probably took a couple thousand during that period. But in those early days its only social distancing that we are practicing on a few weeks there. They are Wearing Masks for really obvious signs of what is happening. So although i got some really good portraits and great pictures i was always at least 6 feet away which is of course recommended. When i look at them now, they dont necessarily convey we are in the middle of a pandemic. So i have them look for pictures that can fate something. And a good example is a photo early in the book of a woman sitting alone on a park bench. Yes it is from march. Guest shes very clearly alone because the rest of the park bench on both sides were completely empty. It really convey that sense of social distancing. Especially if you compare it to other photographs of taken a people on park benches. I could probably do an entire book of people on park benches where they are crowded with hilarious positions of new yorkers. See when this is a very good question. I always wonder when you are talking about photography, i will ask this question first. They will turn on the light. Art goahead. Okay janice is asking, to always ask the permission before taking the photo and then doesnt ruin the spontaneity of the moments, those very related to what i was going to ask you. How does that work . You your street photography is very different from certain kinds of street photography from the 60s. I dont know blanking out the names with all of the people without asking permission. Could you talk about that a little bit . Walking down the streets taking hundreds of photos. Ive never been comfortable with that. Ive never been comfortable with that. So from the very beginning, when i first started out i would approach people may take your picture . That is always been my practice and yes to answer the question you do sometimes lose the spontaneity or may lose a picture but its worth it i think i call my picture of people on the street, street portraits. Because they really are on the spot portraits of people. Which is perhaps different about photos in this book and there are fewer portraits of people and more empty streets, empty subway stations, empty cars, those are included with the book from before the pandemic. And very carefully with nancy muller most of them taking last summer, to get a sense of contrast of how much things change so quickly. So there is a photo i love from the gray pride party here in the west village clearly having a great time just crowded onto a stoop. Its a very joyful picture, exactly the kind of picture i could never capture this summer. Host well hopefully next summer. Because this has been strange. Were doing the best we can. I feel like that is what this is with everybody. Theres a little bit of a groundhog day feel. But also, were doing the best we can and having as much empathy for one another as possible. Because everybodys pretty much going through at least in new york in a similar way. Nobody is going to the theater or the gym which does not bother me. Might bother other people. Sort of the same, we are all Wearing Masks hopefully. Which is a strange kind of thin thing. Out everyones wearing a mask, as this were at last year at this time i would just think i was having some sort of really weird bad drug experience that is not make any sense at all. You get on in the back none of it would make sense. Not have to say is a photographer who loves to photograph people, it is hard but sad. I love to photograph faces. And the masks cover faces and smiles and expressions. As a certain responsibility talk about the photograph of the woman alone. Host its gotten, unhooked a picture of the woman alone on the bench in march, think what things were like where i was in march, and i contrast that to now, its better. Once it got warmer seemed like it was easier to be outside. And it was great. I never felt that. I felt like it was very easy to maintain social distance. Plus you are outside. Plus its just great to see that many people outside. So much better than it was in march we did not leave your house. Plus, i one lived in a neighborhood in new york even in east village there more trucks for the dead bodies and that has changed. Let me throw a question back to you guys. I went to ask, i feel like you in your own way have been documenting the pandemic through your cartoons for the new yorke yorker. We went yes. That is my job and has gotten darker just get to see if i can get a little more light here. That was my ukulele. [laughter] kind of my job in a way, and thats what i like to do. I think for me there is a process of whatever im going through. Certainly the experiences of going to the pandemic affect me every day in every way. From the beginning to the kind of panic. And really not going to the store to a few weeks ago what store . Sto r. Stores you buy things with money. What money . And then just explaining what the store itself, many do that. Some like the Grocery Store rebuy a candle or one of my favorite cartoons is dr. Fauci on your shoulder. Youre not 6 feet look like more of a question. Its not really a question but a thought from the other side of the world. Some of us wonder if you ever get to new york city again for your books are one way we can be there, thank you. Yeah. Guest hi australia, wonderful having everyone here, thank you for being with us. Its amazing. Help my book does give you a glimpse of what it has been like. And also a little bit of light and hope to. Its also a very romantic book because i am a total romantic. Whether in new york or others. See what i think i am romantic about new york. I think that is how we bonded. Yes its true its true. I finish writing insomniac city, i just finished. You are at some stage may be in the middle of writing your book going on about new york. Yes and i would feel remiss if i did not mention the beat whites book about new york called new york new york. One of the best books ever written about the city. He talks about how new york bestows the gift of loneliness for those who desire such prize prizes. Doesnt have solitude, he doesnt say uses loneliness, it always stuck with me. This really excellent book about new york and what its like in the city, you to do well and survive and come back , in whatever form it comes back. I live it is a whole new layer and there will be a new new york. I will be the elements that each fell in love with. And it will be a new city. It will be a new city. Are there any more questions . I think we are. Hopes theres one more here. Nope okay heres one. You mentioned your book from goldstein. [inaudible] insomniac city and you wrote a book called policing demons. Have you been sleeping during the pandemic . You have pandemic dreams . Guest i had an anxiety dream about not having a mask. Host and many people i know have that too. Or you have a master youre in a crowded place and no one else does. Here he. Guest area yeah. I think ive been sleeping about the same. When insomniac and i always will be. The quiet and the chase while change of pace in my life come not going out to the gym im not going out much of my agent or friends, im spending a lot of time here. And certainly working on these books and immersed in working on these book day and night with 100 days i learned how to nap during the day is a wonderful project. Im glad you did this. It is a wonderful book for you, it is also a document on how this time. It is such a good one. I think it is now 8 00 oclock. And thank you everybody. Thank you everybody thanks for joining us. Yes. Think everyone who has questions, if you missed any of the events, and of course by the book. We have links, want to thank everyone for tuning in. Thank you chris, thank you