With six president s on some of the most difficult Challenging Health crisis to confront humanity. Hivaids, ebola, topeka will probably nothing on the dangerous disruption, divisive as covid19. His claimed more than 170,000 lives in the u. S. Alone. 5. 4 million cases here. I first covered and interviewed him when i was a White House Correspondent seen in the 1980s and hivaids was exploding first on the scene. Good to be with you. Let me start by saying thank you for your time again and how are you doing in the middle of all of this . This is insanity. You are right. It is really surreal but im fine, it is very intense. Obviously we are working 16 and 17 hours a day on this. It is something we have to do. It is a challenge as you all know, is historic, we havent seen anything like this in 102 years. Since the 1918 pandemic. Its challenging to the entire world and we, the u. S. Has been hit worse than virtually any other country when you talk about cases and deaths so its a real important challenge for us. Theres a lot we have to discuss here and not a lot of time. We are done, ill be joined by the dean of the school of Public Health, dean of the medical school and director of the school to build on some of your comments but i do want to dive in, we have over 100 questions from faculty and students so im going to do my best to leave those in. I saw a story the other day about boston, different time and different signs but the headline haunted me. Boston refused to close schools during the 1918 flu and children began to die. The history is about to repeat itself . I think theres a difference there, if you look at the situation in regards to the current pandemic is that children really have much less of a chance of having a serious outcome when you look at hospitalization rates for 100,000 people. If you look at the graph, it literally gradually goes up into you get very high hospitalization rates, 100,000 among the elderly. So age is an issue. However, we should not neglect the fact that children are seriously ill, a lesser likelihood than adults. There are other symptoms we are starting to see right now, inflammatory symptoms children have, we dont know the extent of that, it seems to be unusual we dont know the full extent. But the issue is, we are learning about children getting infected. Children from ten to 19 and transmit to adult as easily as adults transmit to adult. Some schools are opening, some are not. Up to local decision makers, some have medical guidance, the latest clients and some not. Are you concerned about the way this is being done . Children as transmitters of this. Thats what i was trying to say i was talking about the child transmitting it to adults. Even very Young Children have a high degree of virus when you look at the titers. There certainly capable of transmitting. The degree to which they do, i think we will learn about in the coming weeks and months. We would like to see consistency about schooling, consistent to guide the local authorities who make the decisions about school. Where should that come from . It could come from the Health Authorities like myself and al said here, we live in a big country that is heterogeneous in regard to the level of virus and youve got to look at what is going on in the community. If youre in a green zone where you have less then ten for 100,000 cases to 100,000 population, you could probably open the schools to a considerable degree of impunity. When you get to the yellow zone ten to 100 cases. 100,000 with the virus in the community, you might want to modify the things you do. Physical separation, mask wearing, outdoor classes when possible, situations we have hybrid, some online, some in person. When you get to the grade zone from zone where its clearly over 100 cases are 100,000 and theres a lot of virus activity, you really want to think twice before you get the children back to school. All the kids go back or they stay locked in. Look at extenuating circumstances and the location where the school is. Ahead of the schooling discussion extends to colleges and universities. Dr. Fauci schools are grappling with this decision. What is anyway bring students back from all parts of the country and have them gather in the dorms and classrooms in the hallways. Deal with reality and be able to safely reopen. Dr. Fauci so we want to make sure now that the viewers know there were no longer talking about middle school. Talk about, is a big difference. Fraternities and parties. Dr. Fauci and that sort of really cannot address the concerns i have about what the level is because people are coming from all over the country. Coming from red zones and thousands results. It really varies. There are some universities and colleges that have a system set up and they test virtually everybody who comes in before they even get there. To make sure you dont introduce into the community, and to the dorms in the college. Infected individuals and screen individuals who have situations if you have the facilities and resources to do it. You might have an empty dorm where someone has tested positive, you can safely isolate them there. That they need medical care, you can get the the medical care. If you have the capability of doing that it is conceivable that you can successfully bring people back to the colleges and universities. Host conceivable but is it feasible. Dr. Fauci in some cases it might be. Host it sounds me like youre saying most cases your skeptical pretty. Dr. Fauci impetigo university by university. Where they are what resources do they have to be able to do some of the things they universities are already showing what theyre doing. You can test everybody before they come in. You can have the surveillance testing and the capabilities of identifying with the Contact Tracing. If you can do that, they knew very well may be able to open up the colleges and universities. If you cannot, it would be more problematic. Host let me ask you about the health effects. Youre the frontlines in your watching this very closely as his doctor to scientists in a researcher. He recently talked about this covid19 potentially targeting micro colitis, myocarditis. Information of the heart muscle. Another study germany looked at a very high rate of people who have been suffering from that. Rather studies are looking at potential brain damage. The study that i was reading, a potential brain micro structural damage. Whats new do we know about the effects of this disease among those who have had very separate Entrance Service level in terms of persistence to the bodies. Dr. Fauci is a work in progress. Literally every week and month, you name some of the reports accurately. If come out and there are now others in progress, there are a lot of different groups looking at this. You bring up my mind, a very important point and let me explain why. If you say you were about people as well as will be sure you increase that is very important for the very reason that we are ready have well over 160,000 deaths. Close to. However, if it turns out that people even some who do not require hospitalization. Some of the studies that you just quoted, they were from individuals who were second on, or maybe a couple weeks at a time the bernanke been sick enough to go to the hospital. Yes, when you look at the percentage of them, and actually recover, and recover within two to three weeks. A portion of the do not feel the fatigue or muscle aches or rain fog spring thing that worries me more with what we have seen about the subtle insidious effects on the cardiovascular system and nervous system mainly the mris scans the show abnormalities of inflammatory processes, and the brain and in heart, of some individuals. It is like 1 percent or 2 percent. If you look at it, it could even be several digits of the percent received this. They may be reversible the make a completely clear after a while. But we dont know that. So we better be careful that just because a person survives and obviously the overwhelming amount of people to survive. That there may be a certain percentage of people who might have serious effects. We need to follow that pretty. Guest . Host seems to be this vl part of the messaging and often not getting out. It is about buying or not dying horribly are not opening. As opposed to how brutal this could be just to get it, the potential of longlasting effects in place that we dont even know. Layers of risks. Vaccine, vladimir putin, and the daughter got vaccine, bogus or dangerous or credible start. Dr. Fauci is not bogus. Whats bogus is that you say you have a vaccine. Theres a big difference having vaccine and then proven in trials that you have a really well designed randomized trial that when you start to give it, widely to hundreds of millions of people that your giving it is safe vaccine. The russians my knowledge of not beens dallying this in very large randomized trials. Guest . Hosthost im sure the vladimirr that youre calling him bogus. Dr. Fauci thats not what i said. What im saying is that having vaccine is very different than proving that a vaccine is safe and effective. For that matter, we have six vaccines now. We havent proven them yet. That they are safe and effective but when we do, then we can act as we say. They were comfortable with distributing it to hundreds of millions of people. But before and until we prove that is safe and effective, we really dont want to be talking about having a vaccine. Host and the question you probably asked most which is when, your answer is what pretty. Dr. Fauci right now we have at least three. Thats already in phase three trials. Two of them started on july 27th. And are already been ruled out to thousands of individuals. One of them is a 30000 person trial and another one is aiming at 60000 people. We will likely no within a period of several months which takes us to the end of this calendar year and maybe to the beginning of 2021. Whether or not will have a safe and effective vaccine. I believe based on the preliminary data that we have, that we can be cautiously optimistic. No guarantee. Theres never a guarantee. But we feel cautiously office optimistic that we will have one that will be safe and effective. We know that from preliminary data. In phase one studies, neutralizing antibodies arrival level possibly to better in some respects then con. Convalescent plasma of people have actually had it. We feel good about it. Host let me ask you a question very closely related to that the question itself actually comes from one of the students at the school of Public Health at George Washington university. It is about people getting the vaccine. The gallup medical that they conducted that the end of july and early august 35 for percent of the respondents, the question is. When a vaccine does become available, how can providers about the vaccine presidencies. I might fall in there, vaccine disinformation. Dr. Fauci will vaccine in disinformation, but there is Vaccine Hesitancy this fundamental without necessarily disinformation. So what we need to do is what weve done whenever we have seen a situation where people are hesitant to get a vaccine they really need. The need for themselves, and for the protection of the community. That is definitely not criticizing that or people for that. Trying to engage them. And you do that through community engagement. Particularly with minority communities who often pulled often understandably reluctant to believe what authorities tell them about health. That you get out there and you get Community Representatives to engage them and try to be as transparent as you possibly can with the data. Answer the questions they have and try to convince them that vaccinations in general particularly are safe and effective vaccine of the covid19 is something that is important to them, their families and society in general. Host another question from another student. Would you support a nationwide mandate of the covid19 vaccine. Dr. Fauci no, definitely not pretty dont want to mandate and force anyone to take the vaccine. Weve never done that. You can mandate certain groups of people like Health Workers that but the general population you cannot. Here at the nih, we get people in for vaccines. And if they refuse, other than the you just dont want take it and we dont allow you to take your patience. So that is a mandate. But we dont want to be mandating from the federal government to the general public. It would be unenforceable and not appropriate pretty. Host so lets talk about how we do get out of this. One of the things in the new year talking about is there a protest free to have a question from a faculty member about that. Doctor can you explain the bottlenecks and making it so difficult to ramp up fast results for self administered test things that would enable the country to more safely reopen before vaccine is available. From Harvard Department of health, they have discussed this. Cross diagnostic testing pretty. Dr. Fauci considerable amount of growing enthusiasm. You see that relatively soon. The critical issue is to make sure that we get those tests, there have to be at degree of sensitivity which is appropriate. Need to general spending, when 99 percent, which the main molecular test gives you, when you absolutely need to know if this person is infected or not. Because screening, the penetrance of the infection is in any given group of population. You can look with one that is less than 98 or 99 percent effective. When that might be 85 percent effective. Because even though you may miss some, if you do the test enough and repeated enough, you will make up for the lack of sensitivity spread bus test to be available right now. Forcing is the private sector staring up to make them available to many millions. Host theres a lot of concern and focus on hesitancy of vaccine was out rated the test of the resources are going to be equitably start distributed and including lower income people, people of color, people who are disproportionately caring the cost of this disease in the back. What is being done to address that very serious problem. Dr. Fauci there very serious attention to that being paid. Mandatory group of people who are committed to making sure that happens. One of the first things we do is that whenever you have early on, which will be the case as the vaccine start to rule out. By the end of 2021, were told by the manufacturers that there will be enough vaccines potentially for ever been in but before then, there will be prioritization. And when you prioritize. An independent growth, this case have the advising committee and the practices pretty they have traditionally advised the cdc for the responsibility. That will be complemented by another independent group from the National Academy medicine. To get the prioritization such as that you can see publicly published what we call prioritization rights. I can tell you that weve seen similar what was seen in the past with highpriority some of the Healthcare Providers and first responders. Because they are putting themselves in harms way to take your people. The likely be the ones who get the most. Host another question like a plan. Who has looked at the covid19 disinformation and experience. He writes, a scientist we are trained to communicate just the facts. Best of months, beyond a shadow of a doubt those facts are prone to interpretation. They will potentially distort and misinterpret those facts to support their narratives. When you see is World Health Experts such as yourself. To help people understand the facts in the correct contents. Sometimes you get attacked by the president of the United States. Dr. Fauci the thing that we stand by such a fundamental principle that you make recommendations and policies based on data and evidence, speculation and struggle, those kinds of opinions really need to be put aside. Everything they are talking about, in the arena of Public Health. Particularly recommendations and policies regarding any entered, diagnostic vaccine that have to be made on the basis of sound, Scientific Data and evidence and a trend that is the kind of thing that i do in my colleagues do for Public Health officials do the same thing. Based on solid Scientific Data. Host as i mentioned on the outside, even in this job since 1984. You and i first met when aids was exploding. I remember as a young guy at the white house, and i remember the first briefing. And i remember the incredible Politics Around it. The collision the pandemic and politics as we have seen here is amazing but is not the first time the politics and this is delighted pretty youve been through anthrax and sars and aids and you see god in all of these things. Have you ever seen anything like this. What you make of this political division. Every poll shows this is country whether it is masks, whether this whole thing is a hoax. Dr. Fauci you right in the description of my experiences. Even back in the early days of hiv, there was stigma associated with it. It wasnt take are politics, is different ideologies about how much attention paid to disenfranchised groups like the gay population. Which was really obviously did not get the attention that they deserved rated for the actavis demanded it. Inappropriately they got it. This very different than what we are seeing now. Overseeing now is this divisiveness, that transcends the covid19. Is there even without covid19. And the perfect negative storms that really makes it very difficult and problematic need try to do this Public Health challenges that you have this divisiveness that makes the polarization of the response which we are saying very difficult. We have people who follow politically different signs of whatever particular issue is, is thrown into the Public Health. Mask or no mask. This or not that. It shall be that way. Public Health Challenge is a challenge that everybody, does not make any difference what your political ideology is. Or what you feel strongly about one way or the other. We should be completely in line with each other. That this is a serious Public Health problem. Host are tracing that to the president of the United States. Our conservatives on hill who drilled you on the congressional testimony. Dr. Fauci look at the record. Unrighteous money. I said same thing that im telling you right now. Dont change what i say. We need to pull together. We are all in this together. We have to work together. And if you dont have a complete consistency credit then the weak links in the chain, public Health Crisis will make it very difficult to get your arms around it and ultimately suppress it. Which is what we are trying to do. Host another question from a student which is that they can really important one. Many of us who are in Public Health program, many of us are facing situations independent to pandemic that will test our ethics. My question he was having make your ethics and values in such a challenging political time. Dr. Fauci have to tell you. It is very easy. Because you dont change your because of the situation you are in. Certain things that are constant. Science, data and evidence are constant. But the situation changes. The data may change and you make your decision. It doesnt change are the ethical principles. They are clear. Just show that there are still some of the sense of humor there is humanity. The question. Doctor, which were scary for you testifying before congress are throwing up first pitch at the park. Dr. Fauci unquestionably transfers pitch part pretty. Host . Host as you look forward, and face this environment, the political environment of the campaign, the pandemic is on the rise in some places, and some things elsewhere. Concluded with what concerns you the most and what encourages you the most. Dr. Fauci what concerns me the most is what is going on right now throughout the world but even in our own country that we want to make sure that people abide by certain fundamental principles. It is completely in our power and even prior to a vaccine to be able to control this outbreak if we abide by the certain mental public of principles that we talked about. Wear masks, physical distancing, avoiding crowds. If outdoors versus indoors, sanitation and washing hands. Seven water. You just do that. You could definitely influence the outbreak. The United States is a country, altogether in a consistent way, will realize the Public Health measures is the gateway in the pale to opening up the economy. In getting the jobs back. His son an obstacle in the ways of opening the economy. Its what we do in the proper Public Health predict careful ways. Being above. Connect control the outbreak and we can carefully prudently open up the economy to get back to normal. That is what id like to see everybody realizes that we can do this friday in our power. Well get a vaccine, will be much easier. But we can start of the road right now, even before we have a vaccine. Host i know youve got to run doctor, one thank you for your time, for your generosity and for your incredible intrepid attitude as you encounter all of this. Thank you very much. And on behalf of George Washington university and all of us, the very best looking at the very speedy result in all of the work youre doing on the behalf of the rest of us. Dr. Fauci thank you. Its always good to be with you predict. Host i look forward to doing this again. Im sorry we didnt get to the other 132 questions. I think all the students and faculty rude thanks to you. Dr. Fauci tonight. Host we will now switch over to a group of people who are able to respond to what we just hard from tony. And it is my pleasure to introduce this and to you. Doctor goldman, she is the dean of the milton Institute School of Public Health. Pediatrician, maybe email it just and has distinguished career in medicine. And health sciences, she served as the department of surgery. Expert in later in academic medicine from surgeries and running surgeries, im signing up for you. I dont need it but when i do, i am there. And doctor sylvia. Director of gw school and media fears. Includes global health. Host doctor goldman can we start with you. Very thoughtful approach and the divisions in this country what we need to communicate to create a better Public Health and document release he is the principal challenge that we are up against. I thought the director said very well when he talked about how we need to be working together. We need to be unified in our approach crosscountry. And what is been most frustrating for many of us Public Health as our inability to do that has allowed the virus to continue to be living around the country amplifying and then turned background the quebec in the areas where we had an under control. For many communities until they saw the virus in the communities they did not see any reason to stay at home and social distancing. Using masks. The problem is that by the time you see this virus, we have way too much of it to be able to control it. When you see comments upon you. So the fact that so much of the transmission is asymptomatic. Host i started with tony on the subject of schools reopening schools. I know you are very active with the District Of Columbia and trying to determine whether and how we could reopen. The time when you were fairly optimistic about this. Obviously things have changed. In the numbers and incidences. The same question to you because i know that with the pediatrician, you have thought about a lot about the health and safety of our kids. And as you look across country now, see what is happening in k12 common campuses and universities. As you feeling about the risks and the ability of schools to reopen. Everybody wants to have schools open. Dr. Goldman everybody must be in school and pediatricians think that school is work is belong rated thats important developmentally prayed socializations, they are morning. They know they especially younger children have time hard time learning online. Want them to be in school. And regardless, just making the school safe is been the problem. And especially as doctor tony fauci said, especially in since the dont have a height transmission of the virus, that they can transmitted to their families. We can all relate to what tony fauci was talking about. The week trusted the classrooms test kits right in the get back rid of cycle of testing so that we can monitor the virus. Make sure that we dont have outbreaks and we still could not reopen. Thats because the fact that across our country so much virus is still circulating. Kits coming in from georgia, from florida, from california. Where we had a really good situation, we can keep the transmission below one. Which means that gradually declining numbers of cases. Bringing in students from all across the country, the end of the day we realize even with all of the measures that we were putting in place, that it would be too risky. Im hoping for spring. But when i look at the outbreaks is happening in high schools across the country in the outbreaks at the universities, im glad that they have been cautious. Host doctor to become over to you. What you hear from dr. Tony fauci and what you think has resonated with mostly with you today. Will come to really admire dr. Tony fauci. The thing that transpires us most of us is his clear insistence on science and involving evidence as a format in which we make all of our decisions. Then in any format to remind us of the principles that scientists and evidence is evidence. The other thing that i think is really important, is a blessing and a curse. Being in healthcare this time. Its kind of scary to in the front lines of this disease that we really dont know the impact of. So if we know it is really bad disease. Nobody wants to have this. We have not been really good in many parts of our country, the Prime Minister see or to become part of the growth with this entirely new disease. And what we have learned that is really transformed both our intervention strategies in terms of broader applications. The writing this roller coaster. Based on involving evidence. This is really exciting. Host we had more time with him. Just so much of the challenge is part of the conversation that we had where he talks about the unknown. To figure out with the effects of this disease are if we have it. Theres going to be great damage to some people. Sixteen theres conditions of the heart pretty were closely watching this kind of body research. How concerned are you that this is not like the flu or a cold. But there could be some permanent and very serious results. No doubt. If you think about the case of publication, the fundamentals and basic science. And how you manage it. So we are watching it really really closely. That already does change the way we practice. This massive inflammation that can come with it. Thats a really nothing. Learning more more about that, just love that its a long related only. As an inflammatory process. And as dr. Tony fauci said, we dont know with longterm is pretty we dont know we are fully fully recovering from a turnout. Become so the unusual patterns that can be really dangerous on the Central Nervous system. The liver. We learned are ready to adapt in terms of how we manage or try to prevent these problems. The bottom line is we are watching this and recording the duty of this. We are documenting, recording and sending specimens. And i think the amount of discovery of science that will come out of this that will give opportunities for more effective therapeutic longterm disease. The good news is that the focus of the nation especially at the international level. Very sharp focus on this disease, are the process of. Host and it could, it can be forever. The director of the school of the public affairs. You have study how communications in detail and we were talking with dr. Tony fauci with unprecedented medication challenges. Yesterday two grenades, the soldier of. Those of that to call it the ugly and terrible. But that difference in what were in now. We received responses to Wearing Masks to getting a vaccine. There is a political plan. With that alternate information from people. What is your interpretation of this. Is for the political prioritizing we reach the pandemic. [inaudible]. My concern is that some of the fundamentals changing in the Health Communications and telling the differences. Right not be. And potentially that is something that requires us. [inaudible]. Believing that this pandemic and the recommendations, we dont know how to tackle this disinformation. So what could be done differently. I be interested in hearing you write some ideas out there. And to have doctor goldman react to that. So in terms of transmission and prevention, most people can understand. That is necessary. But is not sufficient that we already know about and make it very difficult. We have plenty of evidence. [inaudible]. Clearly addresses headon, to and for the reasons why rather than just telling people in order to be more professional. [inaudible]. Host before you respond. The mature something. A colleague of ours, you johnson, professor of physics and had written an article that came from his research and he was tracking Public Health and science, and he was able to mask this battle of disinformation. He was looking at the end of actions. If you can call it that pretty found that vaccinations tend to be more numerous and more connected to undecided groups of the work targeting the scripts. He found that they had more messages in my motion and more distrust and conspiracy. And that the reinforced through other organizations to link out to other organizations that may or may not have been related. Like mothers of breastfeeding and things like that. In sort of suggests that this work that the anti vaccines are outmaneuvering an asymmetrical warfare. Like the cdc and others. So as you think about what the doctor was just talking about how to respond this. Think about where this all is coming from. I would like your thoughts. One is one of the greatest challenges we had is there have been such an evolution of knowledge during this period of time. We had a body of knowledge to say okay, this is how this works. It has an incredible roller coaster of discovery. And i think that has made the messaging even for the life of dr. Tony fauci more challenging. It might not be true anymore. We learned a lot these last few weeks so therefore, not a consistent message. This notion that you have to adapt to evolving science especially in a rapidly evolving thing like this pretty makes it extra extra hard to i think communicate consistently and openly and honestly and have people believe you. Because especially around a part of your life that actually requires you to change on a daily basis. Now can wear a mask going to do other things. Some people dont have the trust. The instincts to adapt thats rapidly to the involving guidance. And i also think obviously, we can do this without having more social media. Right. The notion that where people get their core information is so subject to error and disinformation. Some intentional, some and intentional. But the fact is our sources for providing information. Each town had some form of tainted directive. He needs to be addressed. So many people distrust different forms of human established mainstream media. Its a real challenge. Host next. I certainly dont think there is anything new about the Public Health seen in circles. Those who are putting forth unhelpful behaviors for example the Tobacco Industry has been good at marketing a product that has no benefit and has nothing but the health risk. And so i think there is lessons in terms of how we understand behavior and understand communication. And there is the science around that. We teach that. In School Public health. The doctors now and vaccine communications. These Public Health education. I just do little fact sheets. Weve obviously put the facts out. That was her job. Winter stand now that is not enough at all. We need to make it culturally relevant. We need to be have a twoway communication with the Health Experts in the community. Were not talking to them like we should be. I will tell you one thing that i think i hear. For many many people, the live very closely financially, staying at home has created a tremendous amount of pain. And the pain impacts their sufficiencys for the families and health. And has extremely negative consequence. That can cause people to be anxious, it can cause depression and anger. And i think that it creates situations where negative communications and tap into that, would you dont understand is the researchers that they are aware. Wheres all of the money coming from for these in tiebacks or messages. That is not cheap. A new they were doing is not cheap. We will have access to the internet. We cannot wait. But, these are very sophisticated efforts that are underway. Someone is supporting them. I would like to understand where its coming from. Who is selling the anti vaccines. Then you dont understand. Host it was looked into frankly from russia. And for no particular purpose other than to cause confusion and concern. Heres what i would like to do folks. We have so many questions and from people from the audience wanted to ask dr. Tony fauci but we had limited time. But i would like to ask some of these to each of you. Maybe you can raise your hand if you want to answer them. If you want to take it raise your hand. The questions are fantastic. From students and staff and faculty as for the come from. The major sort of throw this out. If you want it, go for it. And if you dont then i will drop it. How about this. This is from a student. I will covid19 be affected by the flu season. We dont really know. One thing that i think is quite probable is where people are Wearing Masks, there will be plus transmissions. We also know that many communities, are purely focusing on trying to protect everybody from the flu. And dr. Tony fauci often targets special populations like the elderly, were trying to get everybody now to take this flu vaccine. It is not provide hundred percent immunity. But if immunize immunized or people, and where mass, we may not see as much food as we usually do. But i will turn to the doctor hereunder shall be have data on this. But with the flu or covid19, in short confusion Public Health of communities. Its nearly 100 percent of them. [inaudible]. Host thats your nightmare doctor. Of the high seasons . I think everybody is very concerned about that. Especially in a surge of covid19. Many of our hospitals around the nation during the flu season, theyre already full. Running been at the flu season. We are concerned about capacity issues during that time. I think were also fortunately, with the flu, we do have rapid diagnostics. We will have our latest opportunity for both the covid19 and influenza. The potential harm with influenza. I am hoping that people are still practicing covid19 prevention measures. That we will actually have a listen averted the flu to deal with. We really do not have this one. Host windows the flu season usually start pretty. Is sort of the waves across the country. Early october. Unless all of the way into april and may. Kinda moves north to south of the country. Host typically is it 40 60 percent of people get flu vaccines restaurant. I dont think that much party no. Host so this year, what is the goal of the public flu vaccine with flu and covid19 in all of this other stuff. Underlying disease or people who have underlying issues. [inaudible]. Is sort of a double whammy when they have underlying issues. And certainly make your covid19 reflow experience worse. Although as dr. Tony fauci said, we think it may be the case. You dont know whether for sure that you can get both of them at the same time but probably read. Host thats when you might want to start this one. Be very interested to hear what you collies have say of this. Also from a faculty member with this question. Im concerned but what appears to be questionable information. Early on and then it seems to change. First we are told to wear a mask and the not. Theyre inconclusive. Similarly with some of the drugs. This is directed at dr. Tony fauci. These changes information as well. What about the masks and six rule and all of the rest. So this level is in question. In fact dr. Tony fauci has changed his information on the subject of mask. And thats left many with skepticism. I think that dr. Tony fauci mentioned, heres the very and usual circumstance. [inaudible]. We are along the way. We do more research. The changes. It makes it very difficult. It makes its exceedingly difficult. We not known and i think that gets more confusion. [inaudible]. It pulls misinformation suspicions. That is just one element. And dr. Tony fauci talked about it. We see this information, and then there is disinformation. And it makes a perfect storm. Were trying to get the right facts and information into the wider public should fear. [inaudible]. We should be thinking about the strategies. In what ways to implement. And what we do know, with the vaccines. Host do you know i think the hardest thing is here. For my perspective is a journalist and actually look very closely at the science. We are in different planets. The political world, the world of journalism in many cases, the public, they want certainty. But the problem in the delicious part of science is built all around uncertainty. Theres a lot that we dont know about covid19 we discover is ago. It was somebody thinks about the mask one day be change. With the public realm, it seemed as a flipflop and a bad thing opposed to learning as you go. You are muted doctor goldman. I wanted to talk about the message about masks in the fliptop. I think the question has a bias because the way that i feel is that gradually over time evidence continually and said that masks are beneficial. In some authorities were quicker to glom onto that. And to recommend. But the last goes to bho. They were very conservative about the longstanding position they held about the mask. But that evidence didnt go one way that the other way. Gradually changed. It was based on or more certainty and most recent data that you yourself are protected by wearing a mask. Up to a week or so ago, would tell people Wearing Masks. Is the kindest think that you can do for everybody else. The evidence is very clear about it. Now turns out it helps to protect you as well. I know why the idea that a flipflop. I do think the media is sometimes of created this. That i notice these time whether it is another country and than the house task force, the who, each time the change their position, is the headline will this is the news when from my viewpoint as a scientist, thats not news. Took them a long time to change of policy. Time to review the evidence. Bring in their own committees. Each time it would make it a news alert. I think the same thing is been truth about the drugs the covid19. But once the actual trial started coming out, i didnt see flipflop. I saw that every time there was another trial, there would be another deadline. Now we know this drug would bubble block. But perhaps, it was oversimplifying the clinical. Is taken on a very special political base. There was a certain base and getting back to the fundamental value of science in the clinical trials. And answers the questions that asks. Its been that the drug had a very small trial in one of them is shown evidence that was effective enough to treat or prevent this disease. That said, there was a school of thought that said if you edit Different Things together, the word work. But its a trial. And right now in this way above where the goal is to take people were critically dying in the hospital, they evidence federal those people. It is the antibodies in the convalescent plasma rated the really targeting those who are ready for the trial. Maybe a different answer, perhaps. But the evidence does not support this was a priority and investigation for Scientific Investigation for that community. Host first of all, everybody who submitted a conversation, wish we had more time with dr. Tony fauci to get more the questions answers. The range tremendously from questions around therapeutics, how we treat this. Issues around Contact Tracing, technology to disinformation. We talked about the effectiveness. But let me ask each of you to think about what you think about your lives when youre working as professionals and clinicians and others. When working with covid19 when youre on the campus you be on the campus of the George Washington university. What institution like this and others are going to have to see happen before they can reopen. Where people can safely gather, before people can have a vaccine where they feel that they can go into a restaurant and they can in on an airline. They can be in a stadium full of 100,000 people. Maybe give us a sense of you and scorecard as you are looking forward. What are some of the key indicators of progress that you are going to be looking for in your field. I think already seen some of that. The rate of transmission getting lower. Our Public Health infrastructure. To really provide the Contact Tracing so that we know when we are getting ready to have an outbreak. That is so critical. Until we have therapies our vaccination or heaven forbid we live long enough for immunities. My campuses bring about a lot and that is, to disproportionate burden. We brought this to our communities of color, hard workers who provide care for all of us every day in terms of industries in the service industries. The whole 9 yards. And people who live in multigenerational homes do not have the privilege of social distancing. I think if there is one really big way think that i hope our patient sees, that this panic more than any else, as americans living in this country and the disparities that we have read this what i worry about. I think we should all be worrying about the disparities. Selfcare. So the fair disease. We need to be aware of that and focus on those disparities in a really proactive way. Host that is so important. That is such a vital part of this. I think its important from an education perspective. In my workplace, even some of the social inclines, whether we are compassionate and support those who have been disproportionately affected. I think with many worries. [inaudible]. How can we engage in communities that are hard to reach and possibly more at risk. With people who are most disadvantaged. A onesizefitsall effort. Does not work. Host one of the things that we talk a lot about. Is the issue is communicated is live a lot of sources to a lot of different people. Doctor goldman. The last word goes to you. When we talk about the Public Health system. I can agree more with what i heard earlier about the need for adequate surveillance, Contact Tracing and also care of people who are infected. When i think about the people who are stranded or unemployed, 20 rate of unemployment in our country, the fact that we are not addressing Food Security and the people become homeless because families and children, the fact that there are children hair trend educated home and dont have the Internet Access take it for granted many of us that well maybe they need another device for the child. There are so many families that dont have good enough Internet Access. Home and kick education telehealth that is really important inequities now that widens the gap and children cannot receive an education in terms of their futures. This challenge and i think it was said that this pandemic exploits the gaps that we have. We only have so many gaps, the income, the health care gap, the fact that the Public Health system has been so are relevant over time and the racial and equity that we have in this country and all of that is part of what we need to be doing a Public Health and it certainly is not connected to the fact that everybody does need to wear a mask and keep a safe distance but im putting my non. Thank you for that. You remind us we are in a time of great crisis but from adversity comes opportunity. From adversity comes awareness. I heard you speaking in goldman i thought for example of citizens who live on reservations in tribal territories around this country were in some places a quarter of the citizens, forget internet, do not have Running Water or electricity. Its a terrifically disproportionate percentage of Indigenous People suffering from disease compared to others. So we have a lot of work to do at the first part of that is being aware of it and getting the information out there and i hope the conversation with doctors fauci and all of you has contributed to that. We all thank doctors fauci and what he does and i would like on behalf of gw and everyone else to thank all of you for the incredible work you are doing with your faculty, their students, the future and the hard work you are doing to bring us all together and so Much Research is happening at gw that they can help us toward finding a vaccine and answering these questions of public help in communicating this better. To our audience and all of you for sending in questions many many thanks. We got as many as we could get to one we will have other opportunities to do this but on behalf of all of us here we wish you well, we wish you good health and stay very very healthy and strong. Thanks. Postmaster general louis dejoy Robert Duncan shared the Postal Service board of governors testified before Congress Amid concern about changes to Postal Service operations and their impact on the upcoming november elections monday live at 10 00 a. M. Eastern on cspan2. It and Jake Sullivan a Senior Adviser with Senior Adviser with a biden president ial campaign spoke about the election and u. S. Global leadership with the atlantic counsel. He compared and contrasted the current president s approach to Foreign Policy to that of what joe biden would do in the white house. This is about 45 minutes. We are live from samsung studios in washington d. C. Thank you for getting up early in his joining us on the west coast of california. Today we are going to focus on the priorities in the biden administration. Last night joe biden accepted the nomination for the democratic partys nomination for presidency of the United States. I can think of no better guess than Jake Sullivan to join us today, the day after the convention concludes to talk about major priorities of the next four years of aot