An important time about the reshaping that is going on. Across the enough pacific region. Initiative is also the author of another tremendous book, rubbing on here. Called the end of the asia century. Its one of the most prolific and analysts on what is going on in the region. And if you havent already done it, set up a google alert for whatever the essays are published. You will get them right away. His of his hopes of the wonderful podcast city does on the pacific century. And of course the asia pacific region, has so many developments ongoing whether its from north korea or the latest aggressive actions of the Chinese Communist party. So we can have really more timely discussion about that vitally important patient. In joining us, to facilitate this discussion is a brilliant scholar and doctor, visiting fellow here at hoover senior fellow at the hudson institute. And as Deputy National security adviser for strategy and trump administration, nadia was instrumental in effecting when i think is the most significant shift in American Foreign policy since the end of the cold war. That is the recognition that china is a strategic rival in the policies of the Chinese Communist party also very significant threat not just to the United States or interest in the region and globally. But all three in an open society. Quite to have you here to facilitate this discussion. And he kicked it all off, we have a congressman Mike Gallagher who has done a wonderful job serving his country from the eighth district of wisconsin. Buyer to be a congressman which his duties there on capitol hill in 2016. He served this country is distinction is that United States marine corps officer. And a distinguished equitable scholar as well as a graduate of princeton. Masters and phd in International Relations of georgetown university. Michael ball just say, i fond memories of when we first was recruited to lt. Gallagher. To serve on an Important Mission as you had just returned from iraq. And you had exceeded all expectations just like you do and everything. As you will soon learn, if you generate know, is emerging i think, is one of the most thoughtful Young Leaders in the areas of Foreign Policy, National Security and in intelligence. So i would like to, on gallagher to kick us off. Guest thank you for that kind introduction and thank you tanisha asked me to join you this afternoon. As hr mentioned, when i was in uniform, work for him. And so if you see me break out in a cold sweat, and the point during these remarks, because i still feel like a second lt. Whenever i hang around hr. I get very nervous around him. I can hear his voice booming in my head. From a brother coming that area. He hired me back then because i was a east specialist. So many ways, been catching up. And the work and scholarship has been a critical part of that. And there is much compelling and thoughtprovoking new book, the week we will look forward to talking about. And theres been a warning of the Chinese Communist parties behavior increasingly. Its only been in the past few years that these parties have become mainstream. I spent a great deal of time in congress wondering why exactly thats the case. Why did it take us so long to wake up. What is it about the present moment that has awakened the western world to the threats posed by the Chinese Communist party. And because we have been trapped in our various basements during last few months. I recently sat down and watched the 2017 classic film, will for you too. The huds roasting chinese film of all times. And for those of you who are fans of this film. You will note that the films call imax on the antagonist is an american mercenary, named big daddy is about to kill the hero a former special ops soldier. Big daddy attempt to jam it knife into his throat and he gloats and says, people like you will always be inferior to people like me. So get used to it. Spoiler alert, he turns the table around brimley stabs big daddy to death with a bullet that was on his necklace. The singlet that was used earlier in the fiance. Im sorry but i just read it for you if you havent seen it. This was the satisfying in familiar, ending because that person, ended with another american mercenary. This time next u. S. Navy seal. The british accent named tomcat. He manages to have a seeming silly helpless guy, he rips the patch off his shoulder with attorneys like in the words essay i five for china. They mocked him being willing to die for his country. In the tables are turned get again and met our hero and he seven kill tomcat with his own life rated shortly thereafter, the commanding general of the chinese unit suddenly sums up the message by saying those who challenge chinas resolve, will have no safe place to hide. I think there is a lot to dissect in these movies that may seem like an even more hard to dish version of michael bay movie here in america. In this chapter the new china rules, theres an observation that i think really ripped straight from a wolf warrior scene pretty said, with chinas new strength, has come a bare knuckle abusiveness. Often combined with an unexpected sense of insecurity. Suggest that the warrior diplomacy may be backfiring in europe in particular and further turning Public Opinion against the party, but i would submit it might be popular domestically it is a product of recent events colliding with a longrunning current week released Defense Strategies that prioritized but none with the urgency and the strategic scen sense that they t together and i give them credit for the phenomenal work that was done in the National Security strategy leading to the Subsequent NationalDefense Strategy by what is someone that works on these issues every day in congress at a time when the country is very politically divided im actually struck by the amount of consensus on the basic premise of those documents intin by would submit even the president s biggest detractors are not necessarily taking issue with the premise of his grand strategy as articulated by hr and luckily, we have to work of insightful scholars to thank for that for waking us up to the challenge we face from the Chinese Communist party and the fact that we have a new direction in the u. S. Foreign policy, and its going to take a long time for us to figure out how to navigate these geopolitical challenges in all of the cross currents that we are going to have to navigate around for decades to come. Thank you for your work, for your Leadership Conference on firing me over a decade ago as i was a precocious lieutenant, and im excited for this discussion and honored to be working on this with you in congress. s connect the viewers, this couldnt come at a more important becaus time because ik what is happening in this diplomacy and this approach this might be one of the reasons we are facing such a dangerous period across the indo pacific. We are going to go in a facilitated discussion that facilitates the discussion for about 45 minutes past the hour and in the meantime, please send your questions and i will be reading them as best i can end in the final 15 minutes i will pose by some of your questions from the viewers. Without further delay thank you for those brief introductory remarks. Thank you so much it is a pleasure to be here this afternoon and it was great to be back with friends. If you dont find i do want to say however youve proven my point years ago i wrote an article about the importance of knowing how to recount movie lines and thought to make it in the National Security and Foreign Policy field and weve done it again. Weve all seen how often that is important. In the relationship at that point you talked about how twitter in the platform but there are rules and regulations that prevented in china. Can you talk about that and then i would like you to comment more about the recent oped that talks about the possible cold war between the u. S. And china. I think they found the term not helpful and i think that it would be interesting to start both with the cold war and the reciprocity. I dont want to consume time that could be spent better but the middle east is very much like the godfather anytime i escape it, it pulls me back in but on the question of reciprocity i recently did an hourlong interview with bill bishop which is essential for people to Pay Attention to these issues and he talked about something that i think is true these platforms are absolutely essential to the ideological warfare strategy. It is tha the water in which the strategies wins and without it it has a tough time taking hold so what i have suggested after seeing day in and day out they go on twitter and to suggest conspiracy theories that were being directed by those in the american media, i wrote a letter to jack dorsey and suggest that as a simple and they fear rule are those that deny their own access to the platform, they should be able to allow the to propagate on that platform. Im sure theres unintended consequences. This is an area thats tricky and im sure thereve been a lot of conservative bashing of social media can and suggesting we should creat tree that my cot publishers. I dont think we can sit idly by while all of this misinformation is being openly injected into our democracy. We went through a debate for years and in some ways this is more pernicious. I would be open to the bots on n the way to thread the needle. As for a new cold war combine bot, im opento a better analog. I think that its been critical of the analogy so i welcomed t the. My only point is there is something in between particularly the nuclear war and the status quo, doing nothing. We could call it lukewarm, warfare, i think that the analogy is useful because it clues us into certain similarities and the need to reinvent a lot of the National Security up about isecurity of e build in the old cold war and have a whole of society effort invested but also into the many, many different is from the fact we were never economically intertwined in the soviet union mike we are with the Chinese Communist party. So also i like cold war history as a reference in the piece Joseph Mccarthy is in my district in the second marine Intelligence Officer elected and that may be a distinction bishop warned us that we can go overboard but as long as we maintain that capacity this is something we can win. I cant help but think that it goes on every day and criticizes the cold war thinking and mentality because they dont want the new cold war to end the way the old cold war did. So i will rest my thoughts. That is a perfect opening. I would love to turn to you now. I loved your book and i would like to say that each of the essays is elegantly crafted and perfect for those that are new to the subject as well as experts as well and the famous historian who wrote about the strategy would have been proud. Lets start a little bit with the title of the geopolitics. It was a little bit about what you mean by geopolitics because it is a theme that runs through the book and its important for the audience to understand a little bit of what you need and because hes also featured in the essays that forms a framework for the rest of the chapters. I realize now the title of the book should have been wolf warrior politics but that isnt asking the representative for his thoughts on the table before him. Before i get to that let me give a few seconds of thanks. Thanks to the institution for allowing me to publish the book and go with the idea to a lot of people dont like. Or doctor who was very supportive of this and chris and his entire team that produced it this is my third publisher and honestly the best experience i had publishing a book and i think it was beautifully done as a piece and its nice to hold. Erin and her team that put the word out, i appreciate it. Our colleague that kindly wrote such an excellent forward in this context of where we are today. I know how busy you are into the representative helping her out of the country. Im glad you took time. It is important and in a way that those of us that have been doing this for decades have waited for and now that its here its a little bit like the dog that catches the car. What are you doing now, because everybody is focused on it in the way that they were a lonely voice in the wilderness and its helpful to think about this concept of geopolitics. Representative gallagher talked about the water. We used to swim in the water of geopolitics and think about all the time in relation to the strategy and goals and desires and at the end of the cold war we dropped it and said we dont need it anymore. Part of that was the end of history, the idea they didnt have to think anymore about the Global Challenge and therefore different areas of the world. I think also some of it may have been related to the start Mike Gallagher and military affairs where suddenly we felt we can project power anywhere in the globe and thought to just think abouabout geographies of their k complements his that made us forget why geography is important and i dont want to distinguish from the chico strategy. Its very simple its influence f the geography on the political and International Relations or conversely how about Foreign Policy introduction into geographical space. When you think about china there is no other way than to understand that they are looking at the world geopolitically. We talk about one belt and one road we are the first and second by all of the chain but those are for the chinese but the way that they are approaching it through kgo strategy. I am not a huge fan of it but its an important distinction to make. These days we talk about geopolitics as the Foreign Policy is geopolitics. Its not necessarily what you do at the un, but when you think about access to resources and lines of communication and linking different parts of the world to benefit your own power you try to affect the power through the space and you did the kgo strategy for those of us on this side we should be thinking about it in those terms, one belt one road is kgo strategy. I will wrap up on this question i found it starts with a long history. I found the historian and political scientist and geopolitics or whatever you want to call him who died in the war, very young but with a couple of incredibly insightful studies on where the competition played out and as opposed to thinking about the gigantic step in the center of russia and parts of china, this is where this plays out in the inner cities whether it is the mediterranean or the English Channel to the East China Sea and South China Sea is where the people are the productive facilities are so thats where competition really happens. It doesnt have an out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean except if you try to take a place that gives you access. Instead of competing and he helps us understand what beijing has been trying to do the past 20 years in securing the mediterranean for the integrated strategic space thats the sea of japan, the south and East China Seachina seas all the waye indian ocean and i think that it behooves us to understand what the chinese think about the geopolitics in order to have the right strategy. I was going to ask you next to expand on the mediterranean and what actually is happening there may be over the past few years in terms of some of the developed and if you could link back to the broad context because thats another important theme of the book. Tell us a little bit about what is happening in the Mediterranean Development that you think is important and for us to continue to watch. This is a term best used in 1942 in his last book the structure of world politics. Im blanking on the name cometh was unfinished at the time of his death and then finished by his colleagues. He said lets think about the connected to see the way we think about the mediterranean all the great powers ranged around them is the lifeline into and out of the region so if you think about it in the east and South China Sea is basically between the two of those it goes down and flow it flows seamlessm what we used to call russia siberia down into the most productive if you think of japan, south korea and china, the northern part of china and the most productive parts of the World Economy in terms of production and then from there are the materials flowing out. But we dont really think of it because they have different geographic names. We think of it as being separated from another seat, certainly not how they think of it or segregated from the indian ocean. You geto get to the indian ocean different ways, you can get to the venue float directly beyond and that leads to the part of the world but they are thinking about this and it is an integrated strategic space and its why for example i dont think that we use it much anymore but we did about a decade ago they were building a string of pearls and it was the geography of the peace is the last book and people should pick it up and helps you understand why you need to have a forward defense because you do not want to be contained in this hemisphere. You need a Global Defense and need to think about it integrated. Its like the chinese are Building Bases and Access Points in pakistan or burma to allow them to have strategic space to flow from the productive neighborhood they read all the way to where these zero and if you look at what is sometimes called the maritime silk road and the one belt one road, it follows is why the indians are so consumed into the largest over this decade because they are very concerned about maintaining access and thats why the japanese are because no one wants to have their strategic space shrunk to where they are not able to enter the World Economy weve been so able to but its essentially a continental island nation that weve lost the sense we havent had to think about it. So many of us thought you had it right and the competition which is a theoretical what are they competing outcome of thi have cw they are competing in this space and we have to understand that in order to maintain the freedom and the open concept that for us goes back to the 19th century, the free and open in the pacific just as weve maintained our ability to get from the continental u. S. Into their maritime nation. That is a nice site way into the go pacific which is a concept that was introduced in the National Security strategy and has been talked about for many years by others slow and i would also like to comment on the Health Perspective because it is an area of come on this. Do you have any thoughts about this as well and how its happening more recently said they want to briefly comment on that and then i will turn to Mike Gallagher . Im just happy we are talking about the indo pacific period. They would be in the department of east Asian Studies and on the state department you have to east asia and Pacific Affairs but they dont think about it another way. They are looking at these policies were japan, the cause by a lions. Its all integrated. So we get it right with the area of responsibility is exactly right if it comes to the entire region. I think we need to get the rest of the government and academia and pop places that have come along way since i started this in 15 or 20 years ago. I dont think theres anyone that is questioning more broadly in the think Tank Community i certainly sense a lack of focus on india to and i dont think thats why we have a growing number of china focused scholars i think thats an area where neither members of congress nor the broad foreignpolicy community have chosen to focus on and write extensively about the notable exceptions of course and then wore broadly as it pertains to the work of the National Security strategy and the respect laid out. While the recent polling suggests that americans in the wake of coronavirus have an unusually negative view of china in general and even canadians by the way once youve pissed off the canadians, you know you have really screwed up. I dont think that it is a palpable sense of clear and present the church that would allow us to make the necessary military intelligence and economic investments i think we need to make. In other words i think people in my district felt the threat of tears im in 2015 and 2016 in a way where they dont feel the threat of the Chinese Communist party because it is more insidious and different and that is true even after coronavirus. We have to do a better job of explaining why they dont want to live in a world that they are even allowed to be reachable where for asians is a dominant indo Pacific Power and that is a harder case to make when there are people in both parties embracing quite frankly where isolationist view and dont understand how hard it would be to move across the pacific to get to the way it is brilliantly laid out. Did you want to make any comments . I will pass. I will ask a few more and then open up to viewers. But i would like to highlight and i should have done this early on, the book is one of them just about china. There are two chinas. The chapters on japan into the region. One of the chapters had a variant is the description on how it balances the power of globalization both the opportunities afforded by it as well as some of the drawbacks and i think that you explained how japan balanced between the two. Would you like to comment on that i thought that was a great chapter. It comes from the japanese poem that talks about how they set up another japan to keep it safe from the world so that it would always be a divine land. In many ways its always been separate from the world which is certainly not true that the same time japan has clearly maintained their ears to the world of this in the west would find questionable but they wrote the book because honestly i lived in japan in the 90s and parts of 2,000 but i was back there during the terrible terrorist massacre in 2015 i think it was. I was in tokyo and all the news was coming in so immediately as someone that lives in america, your body reacts physically and i thought heres another attack. What do i have to worry about, what should i do and then i realized i didnt tokyo. Im perfectly safe. The type of terrorism that we have been dealing with dot. 15 years in this post9 11 adulation for decades japan didnt have to worry about. If you live in a dangerous neighborhood to worry about it and north korea and china about a lot of things that consumed us and i was looking at what was happening in terms of immigration and assimilation into the question of the borders and unlike so to try to understand in a very broad sense of choices and whether they might be better than we give them credit for, they ask for the popping of the bubble in 1989 he lost interest. It wasnt going to make us rich so they didnt care. Its simpl the same thing that happened when chinas bubble popped. It wont be a way for us to get rich and we thought we had the 90s and a salon and so forth and by any metric they do extraordinarily well whether this is a social stability metric that has problems and i recognize that but it made choices that wasnt a very modern art opening up and completely open borders and integration with the world and i questioned whether he might look back and say they may have made choices that certainly were as legitimate or possible it was meant to be a controversial chapter that i would end by saying everyone knows money can be made in china that everyone aspires to be a japan, clean skies, green power, safe population that supports its government. I will ask one last question about some o one of the most interesting chapters. It isnt a line of discussion we often hear so i will summarize very quickly you argue we should be more realistic about the game jurors north korea poses with potential accidents involving Nuclear Materials and components and by the advantage of actually consider working with them on safety issues and i think thats interesting and not a lot of people talk about that. Why dont you comment on that and when you wrote the chapter when the original version came out did you get pushback at what was the response to that . And breaking ou and breaking out in a sweat because im nervous. [laughter] spinnaker was meant to be controversial and i did get a lot of pushback but then i also had people that have never invited me before. Heres where i got my cold war e. dissertation on the strategic adaptation ive always been very interested in the question i see them as rational actors that stand up to the line of craziness but never really crossed the. Its not that they are going to wake up one day whether it is key, his sister had agreed to do san francisco, but its going to be an accident. We had dozens of accidents. We have a missile blew up in arkansas with a Nuclear Warhead in the blue of the war had hundreds of meters away. We have planes crash. We got over six of the Nuclear Weapons are. They disappeared in accidents in the cold war, mostly off of the carolina coast so it may be a sort of vie Bermuda Triangle thg going on. But in the soviet union and in exclusion tand inexplosions at e dont know how damaging. If we spend billions and billions on the nuclear surety, i was able to interview the former commanders of the Strategic Command and the people all the way down to the missile leaders and captains and the they talk about the main job is keeping it safe so how do we know north korea is going to keep it safe, we dont know the design of the weapons were whether they have action. We dont know if it is going to be delegated. We dont know how they will send the messages. What if they get caught and someone says they must have striped. Two of the episodes i talk about in the chapter on how close we almost came to nuclear war with the russians. It was the russians to believe we were launching missiles and it was only because human centered and interested this doesnt make sense. They have no idea and they dont have satellites would have been if they see a b52 circling and to say that the. My point was my fear is having a safe Nuclear Arsenal is so difficult that if, as and i saf we dont denuclearize them, which i know it has been a core goal of all of the administrations but if we dont come if we live in a world where if they leave the north korea Nuclear Weapons would we keep them safe. What about the accident where a missile can launch so this is a question of do we try to help in some odd way i dont think they will let us help but if it is a world where our kids are going to liv liberate north korea nucr shadow to some degree, how do we think a little bit differently so this was meant to be a provocative chapter in all of cold war history how it is hard to keep these things they think theyve done an extraordinary job but with incredible work and none of us know if the north koreans will do the same. Same. I will give congressman gallagher one and above that and turnover to questions because you are nodding and i cant tell if it is because hes crazy or write. [laughter] both above. I would agree with what he said and i dont have much to add. I do think that most people welcome the policy of maximum pressure with north korea and most people even on the hawkish side of the spectrum were willing to test the diplomatic outreach but its easy to say weve taken two steps forward and one step back in terms of policy. I thinthe policy. I think that theres a lot of us who believe there is more we can do to impose pressure particularly when it comes to chinese banks and businesses that is th gave the lifeline ani would relate to the broader work a lot of times people that are advocating the return to the status quo in terms of the confrontational approach to china we will fight a variety of areas we can cooperate and stability is one of them however, i think people like peter have done a very good job of systematically dismantling that argument and showing even on the terms of the argument that its failed because it wasnt a cooperative partner. Its something weve been content to praise maximum pressure but ignored some of the evidence weve gotten in recent is. What a great discussion we have a great their questions were about these flashpoints now perceiving the South China Sea and Indian Border with the rights in hong kong and Death Threats against taiwan. Whats happening and why. What is china trying to achieve and is disconnected to the covid crisis and what is china trying to do along these points and what do you think the prospects are Going Forward . Im getting back to the historian mode trying to look forward. I think that its important to go backwards and say why did we get here when this was the point we didnt think we would get to and we are combining things that are domestic. Again it is geos rafferty on the outside with taiwan and hong kong. The stronger beijing has become, the more assertive and aggressive its become. Now the interpretation is why, is it getting that out of confidence or insecurity, and i think its a little bit of both. We cant forget that its always the strongest country. It always has to be. But it also understands that its strong neighbors and a Strong Partner and adversary such as the United States that there is an element its too easy to say that it did that historically that its in the mindset and the dna of the chinese bureaucratic state and its also a party state that knows that it doesnt have legitimacy even at home particularly with the economic slowdown and it has enormous pressures Going Forward whether it is sloping down th the macroeconomy, beijing is under lockdown because of the coronavirus and it didnt handle that as well as the world would believe, the pollution is terrible. The little bit of what i try to talk about in the last five with the risks and stresses so does it feel that it needs to act now because they cannot act in ten years the way that it wanted to be slaughtered in the 30s had wanted to act then as opposed to wait there is an odd combination of feelings of stronger than anyone else around it even if it were called in the past two decades or so. Some of these are historical. What we are seeing a teaser back from the 19th centur century isd out in a modern setting that it certainly didnt develop just because the suddenly china is strong. The bank of japan into the United States were still fighting and us were missing over world war ii what is clear is that no one has settled the problems that that is the biggest reason we have. Asia cannot figure out how to get past these things whether it is the South China Sea, East China Sea, borders on land not just china but japan and russia, cambodia and thailand. Its a whole bunch of different nations but clearly it is the assertiveness of the parties desire to be seen again as a hegemon and the concern is eventually the flashpoints can multiply. You can lose control of the situatiosituation but ultimatels a scenario that i talk about in the chapter and the future history we should be worried after decades of Economic Growth and political innovation and had even more conflict than it did before. There were questions of what is driving this from an emotional perspective and aspirational perspective, this kind of behavior, what do they really want, what is this the agenda of the National Rejuvenation and how do you see it for who was listening in and is this a modernday version of eventthe events around lexs cha hoping to achieve and what is driving it in this agenda of the National Rejuvenation . These are hard questions and i know the eminent historian from oxford is online and asked those questions. Im hesitant i dont think i can answer and i dont want to make it easy that i do think that its important to listen to the party state has wasted a lot of time interpreting it from our own views but the party state is fairly valuable if not always transparent and the goals of the task whether it is Foreign Affairs and diplomacy or things like document number nine the tops of the ideological war between china and the west. It can either be from a sense of pressure to this is about maintaining the power and therefore the strength of china so therefore china supports the party. It is a legitimacy and both fulfilling the contract with Economic Growth for no political reform it has been in many ways although not fully fulfilled over the past generation is where i think the party is working now so there is a interesting debate does it actually want to take it over for itself easy as building an analogous structures but there are things that the party state has put together i think its fair to say that it sees itself as a great power. Its hard not to. And because of that, its acting in ways to maximize the power of. It does so through the diplomatic for the end through trying to get economic advantage into diplomatic advantage but theres always the question of hierarchy and we talk about reciprocity between the United States and china which i think is a key policy now and the policy that google principal realism and how using events play out in the policy tha but s turning to the state of hierarchy and one of professor daniel bell talked about just hierarchy between the states, big states and small states for thwhodo you act in that sense wt trying to pretend its equal. That is what the party is attempting to do a knot in maintaining the territory but it is strategic space theyve achieved their goals of turning the inner cities into three operating zones for what 30 years ago is basically an Extraordinary Development in a short period with time and because of that it is forcing the other states in the region to accept this structure and then we are coming in with a different model even if we have more capability and capacity so you have the clashing of literally almost two different models. The he made a speech in which he said the multinational response theres a lot of questions about what took us so long. Why didnt they see the thread earlier and adapt to it and how come we cant even have a chinese villain in u. S. Movies. Its in hollywood in connection with chinese influence operations and a great reporter on this right away. It is on the shore power that Larry Diamond and others were working on and then back to a question and said i knew back in the day we had the u. S. Information to the en he and hii guess the question is why did it take us so long, and why do they seem not to be adopted this new information and the you have any ideas about how to respond to the partys effort to include us in such a way that we do not respond effectively to these spurs of aggression . You are right to report our colleague david is a touchstone Everybody Needs to read in terms of taiwan and the shore power. The it took so long to get it right because we are hopeful that this was going to work out well. Our hearts were in the right place but as a nation we thought they were going to bring china into the world to the community of nations we get involved in all these organizations and we become wealthier and see the benefits and i think beijing fully understands the benefits of all of it. Its just unhappy with a more subordinate position within the end of the party is serious but its not going to modernize and we certainly see that in terms of liberalizing it wont within the concept of the democratic equality and the like but it was the historical concept old nation become part of the world and to benefit from it were liberalized in some way. There is a lot of selfinterest so. We have to look at the role of Corporate America more carefully. This goes back to the very beginning when the First American sailor for the crime he did not commit and the Merchant Community that comes at an enormous price. Proprietary information. The selfinterest should shift to understand how to protect yourself into the same of the information space. The party doesnt want to do that but it is something that i think should be guiding us as we understand now in some ways they were fulfilled at the deeper roots were not fulfilled. The way are not going back into the first period its to the spirit is going and what it wants to do and the time has become realistic to have a set of policies that works with all of our friend in asia in order to protect our interests and those on the road where hopefully at some point in time beijing will understand that the courts that its chosen will be successful but in the long run it will isolate and in partnership. I cant think of a better way to answer the question and answer period but i would ask you to make closing remarks. I do want to sum up some of the questions because i think you just responded to some of them. I think that nick and chris and shelley ar were all asking about the weaknesses. The point that you may made frequently competing doesnt foreclose on the cooperation which gets to your point and about is the nadir of the end of the questions from others about what about our allies in the region and are they doing their part. Your chapter on the u. S. , japan together that is a wonderful chapter and i highly recommend up to peter and josh and eiffel and you were asking about the alliances it is the navy up to it. Chapter eight i love it because you are a historian looking back on the future events so i recommend that the chapter house while to see how it plays out and we are seeing some of these come to a higher level of provenance but its a wonderful book. Congratulations to i dont have any more to add a statecraft is how we need to be thinking on the role of our allies and partners its been an interesting shift over the past few months. The future panel would be to get some partners from around the world have on the state of program so i will leave it at that. Thanks so much. There is so much we could cover. The good news is they are paying attention and i know congressman gallagher had to run to a hearing. The work that hes doing on the frontier bill at first science and stem and attack into the new strategy the white house without i would encourage people to read. Its in the National Security strategy and vinegar is basically took the position of reciprocity and this i that is s going to guide us. I think the navy gets it and understand it it doesnt foreclose the cooperation with japan we need to deepen that relationship with india. These are all easy things to say and we talk about it in the think tank world. I just want to get people to think a little bit differently why for example the competition between china and japan, not the United States because that is an eternal one in a sense. But the strategy has been and should be proud weve had a strategy to. We thought that way for a long time and we should be proud of that. Now the conditions changed so the goal has changed. We need a strategy for it. All those things i try to touch on. Theres a lot to worry about and a lot that can go wrong but im really heartened that people care into that Mike Gallagher is making it a priority and i think thats to paraphrase winston churchill, we do the wrong thing until we do the right thing at the end and i think we will do the right thing at the end and theres a lot to look forward to from a bipartisan approach on how we will deal with china and the dog in the pacific so thank you all so much for everyones view took the time to watch and for you taking time out of your schedule to join me and i really appreciated. Thanks to you and all of the viewers to. For all of the viewers, go to the website for even more information about this and other challenges and opportunities we are facing during this crisis. Its been a pleasure to have you here at the institution. Have a great day everybody. The