Transcripts For CSPAN2 Jamie Metzl Hacking Darwin 20240713

Privilege to welcome you to this global event celebrating the release of the highly revised paperback which means if youve got the hardback, by this one too because youre going to want to know whats been changed. The addition of jamie metzls highly acclaimed and bestselling book hacking darwin. Until recently a successful book launch involved 100 people, maybe a few more some hors doeuvres. Some bad wine perhaps. But now you can eat your favorite food from your refrigerator. Your beverage of choice, so this is a lot better and yes, by the way, this is also being carried by cspan so welcome everybody from cspan. These are unprecedented times and they are unsettlingtimes but theres also some promise in these times if we get our act together. As cosponsors of this great event, this is a time when you can move things. A classic moment in history where things can be shaped for ill or for good. We at the Atlantic Council are focused on the good. We have found in our four weeks of telework that its not really social distance. Its geographic distance. Weve galvanized our Global Community and weve created more social interaction and closeness even this geographic distance because we are all galvanized by our times. We are a community of very big thinkers and one of the biggest thinkers of the mall is a person that weve come to celebrate tonight and join in this global conversation. We at the Atlantic Council are concerned with covid19 for sure but were looking at it through the prism of our mission which is working with friends and allies to shape the future. Looking at major power competition, looking at the contest to democracy and hypocrisy, looking at the us role in the world. Looking at the future of the global system, looking importantly climate change, migration, resilience factors and finally how do we Harness Technology for good. Thats a huge importance for the Atlantic Council with our newly launched geotech center. In addition to being Atlantic Council senior fellow and as you all know, jamie metzl has a lot of titles but i consider this one to the most important. The Council Senior fellow, he got a few other things. Hes the leading technology and healthcare futurist. Geopolitical expert. A Science Fiction novelist. A faculty member of singularity universities exponential medicine and a member of the human genome project bright consortium. Last year, he was appointed to the World Health Organization Expert Advisory Committee on human genome editing. Jamie previously served in the Us National Security council, state department and Senate Foreign Relations Committee and with the United Nations in cambodia. Sometimes i think hes done so many things there must be three or four of them. I tried to keep upwith them , bicycle riding and other things and it just hasnt worked for me. Hes also a regular commentator on cnn and other major media packing darwin is jamies fifth book. And since it came back in hardback last year the reviews have been teller. And er says that quote, metzl writes with great clarity and a sense of urgency. That we should all take to heart. Nature says metzl as a knack for clarifying granule or scientific complexity and foreseeing the big picture. Cnn sends son jacob says quote, if you can only read one book on the future of our species. If you can read fivebooks, read all of jamies books. You get the point, if you havent already read packing darwin, you should. And if you dont want to read it, at least by it. This is my pick for you. You have a deal right now that youre not going to get another time so this is a little bit like telemarketing but here yougo. I do not get out of this, i want you to know this. Workbooks making packing darwin available today only for 4. 95 a third of the regular price. 4. 95. Before asking jamie to speak i want to tell you just a little bit about the flow of the event and introduce you to the otherspecial guests. After jamie speaks for about 10 minutes he will then invite your church to do the same. As many of you know, george is one of the worlds greatest scientists. We promised you a backdrop is not life. It is a safe backdrop. George is professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School and professor of Health Sciences and technology at harvard and at the Massachusetts Institute of technology writ director of the Us Department of Energy Technology center and director of the National Institutes of Health Center of excellence in genomic science. He leads the symphonic, Synthetic Biology where he oversees the directed evolution of modules, column yours and all genomes to create new tools with applications in Regenerative Medicine and bio production of chemicals. In 1984, he developed the first direct genome sequencing method which resulted in the first genome sequence. He helped initiate the genome project in 1984 and the personal genome project in 2005. George is just a delight to have you with us after george speaks devils bar were will share questions on what shes heard and asked the first question for jamie and george to answer. Deborah is another superstar. The former president of Barnard University shes now professor at Harvard Business School Senior associate of Harvard Business school online. Her new book , work made mary love, how machines shape our human destiny will be released in august. After that daniel kraft will then moderate our question and answer session based on questions raised by you on the facebook site. Anyone can pose a question and the ones that are uploaded the most will rise to the top of the list. We encourage you to post questions and book questions throughout the session. Daniel is a stanford and harvard trained physician scientist, inventor, entrepreneur and innovator. The chair of Medicine Singularity University and the founder and chair of exponential medicine, a program that explores convergent rapidly developing technologies and the potential in biomedicine and healthcare. So with that, what an incredible lineup. Start thinking about your questions, get them going. Im passing jamie to kick us off. Class you so much fred. Its an incredible honor for me to be here. You mentioned allstar team, this is like my dream team. I know whether its lebron and then whomever but if i just could imagine a team from everyone on earth who i want to have joining me in an event like this to share insights, it would really just be the people on this call now so thank you you fred, george, deborah and daniel thank you all to our really great cohost. Thanks thought, Atlantic Council. Singularity university and my publisher sourcebooks is like i dont know any authors who say i love mypublisher. I happen to be one. And were all coming together at this crazy, moment and i think were all feeling this sense of sadness, the sense of morning because there are very real and meaningful people and things that are being lost. Im here in new york city at the center of it. But theres a lot of pain thats going around. But i think were also feeling as fred said that theres a new world on so many levels its being created. Trends that were already having accelerating and just in really profound and incredible ways. New communities are forming area and its these days i think for everybody feels like its hard to differentiate days because so many things are happening. New types of collaborations are happening and i always tell people this isnt like a snow day or a big storm where we waited out and the snow gets plowed and everything, the sun comes out and melts the snow and wego back. This is a fundamental change in my view in how we live. In our history and the history of everything not just our science but our science, our unities, our societies and our world. And as fred said, i have one leg in the world of National Security geopolitics. And a lot of people referenced this year to 2001, the year of the 9 11 attacks. But for me this feels more like in 1941 year where there was a huge battle i had. And it wasnt clear whether that battle was even going to be one. But even in those really dark days of the war, there were people, leaders like fdr and churchill who came together and said we have to know what we are fighting for. And then we can organize around building that world. We may not have an fdr or a churchill right now in our political world. But something thats exciting about this moment is it feels like we are dividing up that task. Were all coming together and everybody is a little piece of fdr are doing things that are governments and other times may have done like providing support, providing hope and encouragement and thats something that really is incredible because we have a virus that is supercharged by globalization. Its getting around the world because you are so many humans and were so mobile. But the networks that were using to address this crisis are also moving at the speed of globalization and thats something thats really incredible. Communities like this and many others. Daniel is a hub for all medical community. Everybody is forming and reforming communities are looking at new ways to solve these kinds of problems. And the scientific community. George is a central hub of that. The jnana cysts and others around the world who are coming together as they have to Work Together to solve this problem. What were seeing is an intersection of the genetics revolution and the tools of the genetics revolution and this crisis so let me say a few words about each of those. First, the geneticsrevolution. Among the billions of species that live and have ever lived , our one species suddenly has this ability to read, write and hack thecode of life. Its incredible when we think of it. Just one species and its almost a godlike power. These are the powers weve imagined our gods having through our recorded history and now suddenly were starting to have those powers or maybe spidermans uncle, with that power from the great responsibility. They have a responsibility to make sure that our most cherished ethics and values, our guiding application of our most powerful technology. Thats what my book and this whole conversation is about. So the genetics revolution is raising forward and i focus on three primary areas. One is in this transition from our world of generalized precision and then print predictive healthcare and life. Humans, we are a mega massive data set but were not infinite data set and that means there will come a time when the sophistication of our tools matches and then perhaps exceeds the sophistication, the complexity of our biology so we are developing these incredible capabilities that are going to move us not just treating people individually based on their own biology but on knowing a lot about people either from their moment just after birth or even before birth thats going to change the way we think about healthcare but not just healthcare. Right now we think about genetics. We tend to think about it in the context of healthcare because thats our primary interaction. But we dont have a disease genome. We dont have a healthcare genome. We have a human genome sardines are in many ways the blueprint for what we have at least the potential that these arrange a possibility so were going to be experiencing genetics outside of the realm of healthcare which is already having through direct consumer genetics but its going to get much bigger and its going to touch a tougher more challenging issues like identity. Parenting. And then perhaps the most profound application or among the most profound will be how these technologies change not just the way we make babies and will shift towards more of that option of idea and embryo screening and gabbys amazing book is coming out in august talking about this. But also it will change ultimately and over time the nature of the babies meaning. So this is this very, very profound conversation and it feels like this is a conversation about science and without the science we wouldnt even be having a conversation. Ultimately, this is a conversation about ethics. Because all technology, no Technology Come with their own builtin value system up to us to infuse our values into a belief, the most significant application of those technologies. Since the hardcover version of hacking darwin cannot last april, i had a preliminary reference to the first genome edited crisper babies who were born. But since then we know that there are at least three of these genome edited babies. There could be more. We just dont know. Then after that experience, the World Health Organization created the international Advisory Committee on genome editing. I was honored to bes posing as one of 18 numbers of that commission. We are working extremely hard trying to suggestively what might be a framework. I about how we can apply these very powerful technologies in a way, in ways that maximize benefits and minimize harm and im honored that other members of the commissioner here on this , in this meeting. And i was honored to be invited to go and speak at the vatican about how these issues and we have also people from the back and are participating. And my view is that this is about the future of our species and we need a table thats big enough for everybody from religious conservatives of various backgrounds to the diy biomarkers andtranshumanists. Were all humans and were all in this together so these technologies, this trend of the genetics in revolution is intersecting with the coronavirus question. We had these kind of pandemics in the past. We would never have been able to sequence vital genomes with in two weeks. Weve never been able to have digital readout of the code and understand the virus that we were facing. Weve never had computer models that could allow us to test different responses. Hes never been able to develop testing as quick and decisive, asmonumental screw ups in the country. Weve never been able to do diagnostic tests this quickly and now with the rapid sequencing, the kind of sequencing george innovated, we are able to see and to watch this vital genome you take as it spreads around the world it is critically important for tracking it. Robert greene is my friend at Harvard Business school, Harvard Medical School and hes also on this call. Theyre working to bring together the biomass from around the world to say, to try to figure out are there patterns . Are there genetic patterns we can use to understand what kind of people maybe prone, may have increased resistance to this kind of viral infection. Or maybe what kinds of people are at greatest risk and we can make smart decisions around once we have that kind ofknowledge. Developingvaccines , there are these people who are saying maybe we can do it in a year. Maybe some are saying two years. I was talking with a very senior, very smart scientist in los angeles the other day weve been working on this for a long time who says he didnt know if we could ever achieve this. George is on this call and george is the scientist of the possible. So we will ask him what he thinks. And then developing surveillance systems, not just for this pathogen but for other pathogens. All these schools are essential tools and we wouldnt have them but for the incredible science that we have. This science comes with very significant ethical challenges. It like every technology it could be of use so the onus is on us to try to figure out how do we optimize the benefits and minimize the harm. That would be hard enough if we were living in some kind of abstract world where we could just make the smartest decisions possible. But we live in a world and i write about this in the book thats defined by politics, by the political context in which we live and certainly weve seen that in the political failure, the failure of china especially in the first three weeks of this outbreak to get on top of this crisis. The failure of the United States to test, to have adequate information that could be provided to the american people. The failure, i would say the failure of the World Health Organization but the way ill friend it is the failure of all over decades to build a World Health Organization that was resourced and empowered and had the mandate to do the job probably every human on earth would want it to do. And then the science exists within the context of global power structure and big power competition between the United States, china and others. Everybody i think, certainly everybody in this meeting i think everybody around the world is getting maybe in the way that we havent really gotten since sputnik, that understanding science is absolutely not just something for professors. Its something for everybody. Everybody needs to understand the science area not just so we can understand the world around us and make sense of things or beginning to make sense of things but so we can make smart decisions. Though we can protect the people who we love. And thats the origin of hacking darwin. 23 years ago i was working on the National Security council and my then boss and good friend richard clark, he was telling everyone who would listen, fighting all kinds of internal flights and we have to focus on terrorism but people thought oh no, thats not important. One little thing and tragically when 9 11 happened his memo was on president bushs, george w. Bushs desk. Always used to say to really be effective you have to look around the corners that we have to try to see whats coming and that means that this conversation, we have to get through this crisis but we have to say what are the other big existential threats that we are facing and its not just this virus. Its not just coronavirus, but even deadly pathogens, its a whole slew of things those accidental harms and we arent organized to address them in part because weve organized ourselves around the states and around the International Organizations that are funded and in many ways controlled by and not empowered to do what needs to be done to what the book is trying to do is to pull all of those pieces together but in a package for everybody. Like i said, im a Science Fiction writer though i wanted a science book if you like if a story because this is the greatest story of all time. Its the story of the past, present and future of our species. But in this revised paperback , theres the full story of the way the first request for babies. Theres more ondeadly pathogens. It was in to the publisher before the coronavirus but to understand, my feeling is kind of a package of things people need to understand in order to really get what were facing and there are a lot of good books in each of the categories i hope this is one. But it also includes a readers guide because people who i hope will read the book and talk about it over dinner. Ive spoken about this to the senior scientists at Lawrence Livermore national lab in seventh and eighth graders at the Hebrew Academy in oradell new jersey and everybody got it. Everybody gets at these issues are human issues and theres a political guide because we have to be asking our elected officials and our government officials what are they doing . But as an author we write a book. Once you deliver it, it becomes everybody else. Its everybody else owns it and i dont own anymore but i really hope whatever the digital equivalent is of people marking up a book and ripping out pages and whatever it is, i hope people will use this and asfred said , sourcebooks just for today are practically giving it away. I think the official price in the 4. 75 and you can get it on facebook but the amazon price just till midnight today, its Something Like 3. 50 area as deb knows, as george knows and that daniel will know nobody in the history of the world other than johngrisham and three other people ever made money off of writing books. You writebooks to share ideas. And to bring people together around moments like this. Theres a lot of fear and we all have a tendency to hunker down in moments like this and to really just focus on the things that we have to that are right in front of us so the world is changing insuch a huge and fundamental way. But while were doing that we really have to challenge ourselves to take a step back and see the big picture, because thats whats going to allow us to develop. To identify whats our north star and where are we heading and then we can evaluate the little decisions we make along the way based on our goal of where we are hoping to head. And if theres anybody who sees the big picture of the science and what science has the potential to be and the implications, its my friend George Church and i have to say its such an honor or me to have all of my people who are speakers but george is special. And as i believe and most people believe, hes among the greatest living scientists at least on this planet area i cant speak for other planets. He certainly is among the most creative and forward thinking scientists because not everybody is trying to resuscitate the woolly mammoth and people have said hes todays Charles Darwin and just in case you had any doubts, he grew a beard to look like him. Could becoincidence but you judge for yourself. So george, as we discussed we love for you to share your thoughts on how can these incredible tools of Synthetic Biology and genetics revolution in your view is the use to address the Current Crisis and beyond so george, over to you. Thanks jamie this is truly amazing time. I feel that we need to embrace both the threat and the challenge and fight this but we also have to speak about the Silver Lining. Theres really some remarkable things coming out. For example were seeing lower infectivity of flu and all the things that normally cause leaders in addition to this horrifying one. And so this is our commitment to having better limited medicine in the future. Were seeing a spike in collaboration. We just did not see with so much for sars and ebola. But finallywe got it right. Really collaborating. Seeing a creativity boost that comes from being under fire. And diagnostics, diagnostics could have saved us 2 trillion. Weve been spending anywhere from tens of millions of dollars per year. Just think of that we could get Going Forward if we do that proactively. So just on the topic of acting darwin and jamie said that biology is really, i think you need to think about biology is a broad term engineering in general and engineer life, doesnt have to be involved in a rna. We are in engineering life, and its very far from our ancestors. Its still national, we are part of nature it is engineered and this includes things like geo gml insulin. Vaccines, therapy, diagnostics, smartphones , zoom that we are on right now. Neutral pics and adderall, ritalin,caffeine. Gene therapy, many of these things can be considered enhanced relative to our ancestors but it doesnt mean its bad. On the contrary most of them are what is allowing us to have health that we have right now. I dont think its germs so much, thats distracting. Takes six decades the program and the bond. Were seeing right now in covid19 something that goes much faster than most of our technology. So what are we doing about applying Synthetic Biology that you described broadly . Engineering of our life. My colleagues and i not just in my lab but companies are on the order of the things. Divided broadly into therapies and vaccines. Then in the things that are more diagnostic and socializing. Lets start with therapies and vaccines, even though we know those making 18 months to deliver, possibly more, this is very fast compared to mostdrugs which take a decade. But its still frustratingly slow for those of us who are locked down. So in therapy category are things like neutralizing antibodies. Theyre getting worked up for sars 2003 and theyre now getting adapted. There are receptors, we know what receptors are being down. Like a few, then you can make versions of those. There are molecules that inhibit other viruses that can be adapted to many of these have alreadybeen approved. Either for Clinical Trials or for use so the recent use. For vaccines is one ofthose things weve already got. 40 different vaccines in the pipeline that have already been injected and the volunteers have messed with those like first of all, thanks for all medical volunteers and medical workers who are putting really the front lines that theyre getting injected either intentionally or through their patients. So i want to take a moment to thank them. The vaccines are tested even though there tested on related organisms or related viruses. Where antibodies make it possible for the viruses that they normally dont because tropism allows them to appeal to the immune systems. We need to be very cognizant of this as we design antibiotic vaccines. In thinking about what can happen next and thinkingabout the next wave. This is not a highly mutable virus but all it takes is one mutation or one immune problem to make us at risk. For the next coronavirus that came from nowhere, were developing the organ like systems read one organ like system for testing in therapy , and it would be better than obviously doing it on humans. It may take 18 months to deliver but two things we could do a immediately and would eliminate the problem more than just flatten the curve, are things having to do with the way we interact with ourselves and each other and the environment. These includemasks. Anytime we see another person outside where its getting close to the sixfoot limit we should have a mask on or when we see politicians in the same room, they should all be wearing masks. Whenever we go to a grocery store, we should take pictures of those in document how well we are queuing up for example. So that is the challenge for all of us is to document how well we are making progress from this. Were developing rapid home tests and rapid centralized tests. These are getting down on the order of a dollar or less for test and they can happen, some of them can happen in five minutes and some of them can handle more samples more accurately, detecting variations that occur and theres two thingswe want to take. Viruses serve and the serological reactions. You really could go back into the workplace, you ideally would want to be zero positive and virus negative. Virus negativity, you want to detect a small number of viruses. And seropositives, you want them to have very low false positives. In other words you can look like you have antibodies to coronavirus but theres a lot of common coldcoronavirus is. You want to have a very specific test so we start hearing more and more in the news about these seropositive tests so just keep that in mind. Then we need to all of the above, all the vaccines and therapies and diagnostics, tested on a cohort we can share. One of those scoreboards is the human genome project since weve been working on since 2005 and this is like wikipedia. Anybody can participate, anybody can see the data. Its not, this is not the moment for that kind of project. We need to have diagnostics that are not just customs for the moment where we have to struggle that we lost a month in the United States shuffling around but even in other countries is not clear that the pci s has a high enough sensitivity. In any case we need something where we can be looking in advance at all the things that are causing us respiratory distress. And a Drug Resistance and so forth so in addition to the custom aspect we need a more general one. Thats my list of what we can do and what we are doing in projects all over the world. Its wonderful to see it all being shared. We have one thing that further off is that we have a way to make any organism resistant to all viruses by referring to genome. It is not going to solve our problem in the next couple of weeks but it is a very interesting thing that we can do with policy so i think ill forward to the conversation thats coming up. Thank you. You both so much. Youve given us something about you get things going by just trying to pull all this together a little bit and asking one question, then ill turn it over to daniel. Janie, i agree with a lot of what you say we had so clearly going through a moment of seismic change. Clearly everyone in the world needs to understand that when people in georgia are doing is critical, science matters and we need to support and try tounderstand as best we can. I also agree of course that assisted reproductive technologies are part of whats driving this change the baby business is no longer niche , we are financially changing the nature of conception and of life area however, unless less sanguine than you in general but im particularly less win about whats going to come out of this moment. You have a very lovely phrase darting out that people are taking over from government. Lacking in the art at the moment, people are providing hope, support and encouragement and thats great but theres other things that governments usually provide things Like Research funding. And economic stability funds and infrastructure. Concern for inequity. And concern for any quality. And fundamentally rule all of these technologies because they are so pathbreaking need some set of guidelines around them. Some kind of Financial Support and some concern whos getting access and whos not. Providing the coronavirus and whos dying disproportionately. Where do the rules for this brave new world come from . As people actually create them ourselves . Thats not what i did in 1941, or do we need to rely on our political system to great the rules for the future is about to be followed. Class is a great question. And i 100 percent believe in government. We need a functioning government and we are now here at the United States we are dying in large numbers because of a total system and the systematic failure of our government. And its really a tragedy that the country that are doing well, korea, taiwan and singapore to name three all of their Public Health officials actually trained here because the United States used to be the Gold Standard for Public Health and we had more than four decades of almost an autoimmune response inside our system darting with when Ronald Reagan said government is a solution, government is theproblem. If there was ever a time when we needed a functioning government in the United States, its now so i wasnt at all suggesting we dont need government area i think we are having a crisis of governance on multiple levels. If our government is failing us, at least our federal government in many ways although there is incredible people who are Holding Things together and still great agencies like the cdc and fda. It would be better if we had an fdr that we dont have it so we all need to step up to play a role that most people just go on with their lives. They dont think its up to them to prepare for some kind of hypothetical deadly pathogenic, they just think thats what i pay taxes. Somebody ought to be doing it and what were seeing is the equivalent of if you have a Fire Department and you dont adequately fund and you let the culture shutdown and you insult them and break them, its no big deal until theres a fire then you have a big problem so we need to discuss that in the absence of kind of government we need we need to come together to make that happen the same is true on a global level. Its not incidental that theres a total mismatch between the Global Nature of the problem that we face and the way we are organized to face them and thats why we cant, we havent been able to solve issues, not just deadly pathogens which are the ultimate transnational agent but climate change, destruction of our oceans. All kinds of things and because we live in a world, the last few hundred years of states, the first two world wars show the balance of power model is inherently unstable so some brilliant people like the madison and others articulated a vision and john maynard teams of a different kind of world where we pooled our nationalism in certain ways and cooled our sovereignty , our identities. This is happening in europe but what we saw is that the country countries were willing to give these International Organizations the ability to do their jobs that need to be on the International Organization has been seenall kinds of shortcomings. One of the things they do notice that im working on now, i drafted and put out in the world now we have a community and like 25 countries working on this declaration of global interdependence because weve seen this virus which is showing us how connected we are and what are we doing . Were putting up walls to see our country and not just in our country, now we have steak in the United States are barricading each other. And wouldnt it be better if we said this is something, a virus that affects everybody. How can we Work Together to solve the problem and so i do think this is a transitional moment. Because if we dont come to this realization governments matter, governments matter and governments matter on every level, individuals alone cant do it having said that, id encourage by what ive seen just in these last few weeks of so many new and incredible communities forming. Thanks everybody. So we lived in this exceptional time, this exponential time, ive never heard the word used so many times in the context of this case. But also the potential of technology, using janie every book is hacking darwin. George church, youve been acting biology. Im curious if we were to put a few more downstream, we our future, prevention, diagnostics and response to preventing future diamond and responding to those thatmight emerge . I think we have got that lined up at now you can read and write in order for month. It takes months and years. Just to go back briefly to the government to issue a i agree its government that not just government. The reason the costs have come down 10 million is largely due to innovation which probably would have come about weather was capitalistic or government funded or not. A lot of this was funded by industry and i think that will happen again and again. We need those. We need Good Governance for companies as well as our nation and i think thats particularly clear in the questions you have asked. Thank you. I would just add and you are great verse and answer this question daniel, you are so thoughtful on this but in addition to all of the progress that we are going to make and all the scientific tools that we need and you are right exponential and everywhere but we think about how long it took to go from the bronze age to the iron age and all those things you could take thousands of years. You talk about christopher the paper came out in 2012 and in 2018 sixers later edited babies are born. We are in a world where science is moving at warp speed. But i want to talk a little bit not just about science but about super structure around the science. I talk about a Global Institution and i put out a piece last week on this on my web site but why dont we have a super empowered agency . The maybe as part of the agency of existential threats where we get some of the smartest people in the world to stay out here and find six or seven really fundamental threats that we are facing and certainly deadly pathogens would be one of them and deadly pathogens we have this which almost certainly is naturally occurring but a few years ago it came in no bird and created a version of smallpox. This science is democratizing and 99. 999 are the good guys like george but there are bad at yours who could have access to these technologies and if they really wanted to be disruptive now is a good example where you could say wow this is a good strategy for doing it. Why dont we have the u. N. Agency that is empowered and resourced and say its your job to identify the six or seven most existential threats to the world and to develop their really smart and thoughtful dynamic action plan for what we need to do to bring the world together. Having done that pathogenic outbreaks which lots of people were saying we should we could at least imagine how we would have a responsive system that would allow everything to break down such as happening now but just imagine rather than this virus it would have been a Nuclear Detonation in two different cities. Lets say was new york and some other place, i dont want to jinx anybody. But youd have the same call. How can we live when they are weapons that are in the hands of bad guys and they could be wiped out. The Great National geographic explorer is working to save our oceans. Imagine we have an ecosystem collapse inside of the ocean and a huge percentage of the population who gets their nutrition from the seed no longer has it. We have to say we cant say how to do we solve this problem . The tab we think about the whole group of problems that we may face and have the longterm systemic approach. The mac we have a lot of inbound questions. Its about the numerous assertions made by politicians that fundamentally change as we know it things that are pretty abstract and specifically industries changing in the aftermath of this pandemic. Id like to start with george. How do we collaborate in this science setting . You can see companies that normally would keep things proprietary and this full details on web sites on how to make competing products whether its academic or corporate. Thats one thing and we could change that if possible. I think the internet is becoming a much nicer place than it was. A little less polemic and ideological. Still there but theres a lot of 1999 going on in the internet. In the science part i think we are going to have a real loosed to the kind of surveillance i dont think we necessarily need an international we know what the big existential threats are paid what we need is creative, Sustainable Business models where we can get everybody excited about having something on their phone in addition to having a few sequencers on their phone as well. If thats affordable and i agree with deborah about equity. We need to have equitable distribution of these technologies. If one of us brings us down 10 million fold or more but i think that is going to get a passion when it be great to be able to see on national and are not nationals will scale where the Drug Resistance is our and whether your kids should go to daycare today are not. That is really impacting our lives and hopefully a better cooperative pipeline between science and citizens. Jeff we are interested in the weather and gardening and other amateur science. This is something that really affects their life. I make the analogy of not just science but data donors if we are providing data when you are getting the flu or coronavirus angers smartphone can dig up a corona cop and others in you can have a weather map jeff ogle maps for disease, Infectious Disease or otherwise. Deborah how might they shape academia and on line education and otherwise Going Forward . Every university around the world supports the dash much faster than we thought we would there has been at general cents over the past 10 years of education would inevitably move more on line but we have all been forced into it in one week. We have moved everything my partners at touche and moved 1142 classes on line in a week. And we we are learning what works and what doesnt work. I think we are learning their many things you can do on line that may be better and you can do in the central space and we are learning something would be a physical space and above your point about big donors. Everybody should be taking notes right now because this will pass in a blur and we need to be really documenting what works and what doesnt work and how we make it better and when we learn from this how can we take the best parts of on line get it out there . On line gives you the ability to get access. We put a pro grandma mine on friday and overnight we had 60,000. Thats extraordinary. We just need to figure out how to make it as good as possible. Can i answer that just quickly because its such an important one. I want to give one small example and that i want to go big because when you have the made up names in your title you have to prove it every day. Not like im a doctor who has a degree. And so i completely agree with the point deborah made and three weeks ago i had an editorial in cnn cnn. Com talking about seven rules for virtualizing our lives. The point was we point was we need to treat recreate the essence of the village that our grandparents or great grandparents or whomever left. Its a virtual emotional connectivity to compensate for physical social distancing and then two days later someone i have never met reached out and we talked and she was starting a company doing Something Else and i said not only is it the wrong thing, we need to build a matching platform and connect to retirees at home with skills many of them socially isolated with kids sheltering at home in need of tutors. Eight days later we had a prototype and then we had a site and it has gone live. Its going around the world. We have people who are signing up and its moving outworked speed. The big picture i think this is a huge profound moment. I dont think our lives are just going to snap back or the way i see it is it started out in the sense that the chinese system had worked as it should have we wouldnt be here. If the World Health Organization was empowered to do the job that was that poured in 1948 it would be here in the United States government and the federal government and the Trump Administration had done its job it wouldnt be here in this way. The government crisis now is becoming an economic crisis and they think this crisis is going to grow because life cant fully normalize until there is a vaccine. That economic crisis is becoming a series of government crises around the world. Kosovo was the first government to follow there was a soft coup in hungary. Its extremely likely that the u. S. Elections in november going to be attacked. If you are a bad guy and lets call a putin and youve got away with it last time and you think well its not like you want the United States played this role in the world, this is the moment. You guys are really weekend in those government crises are going to morph into a potential geopolitical crisis. Thats why we need to be really worried about it. United kingdom has sustained number of soldiers ships and weapons at the end of 1956 in the beginning in the middle of the year was the suez crisis and a change that could have been happening suddenly became clear. So the gain is open and the game of National Governance but even the whole local power structure. Its hard to make these kinds of massive predictions that ill do it anyway. I think this year and 2020 is really the end of the postwar world. Historians look back at 100 years ago suwa the postwar world from 1945 to 2020. 2020, something new hopefully started to be creative. We dont know what that is and thats why coming together to try to imagine it and together build it. We are a few minutes over but i think we will take a couple more minutes to take questions. How far have we personalized medical and genetic makeup. Your role in personal sequencing can we imagine in the future having your own digital twin that can look at our genetic makeup and their immune response like the haves and the knott house. Where might that go . Again i agree with deborah that we dont want to create the haves and they have not knots. That requires innovation more than anything else meaning if we are going to make digital versions of ourselves we should and we can do it in such a way that it is dirt cheap in the sense that everybody could have any kind of access to smartphones even if they have to borrow it from somebody next to them can access the worlds information and it could include these personal thoughts or the other tech allergies that are more distributed which are intrinsically biological grows by itself and you have to for example smallpox is something that is one of the few technologies that nobody has to pay a penny to get a new smallpox drug or a smallpox vaccine. We have to use that as a lesson to where we need to be going. Some will be easier than others. I hope thats where we are going with equitable distribution. And also there will be some come even though i should be championing medicines and immune therapies having played a role in both i think there is a growing need for generic so there will be things that affects diseases that affect a huge number of people that will be less excessive because the denominator so much larger. A trial is spread out over billions of people and that includes vaccines aging reversal and every way we die prematurely get some of those things that impact everybody and get to the generic drug or lower pretty quickly. On the question of telemedicine even the bottom billion cap be a quick one of the smartphone. They can democratize the delivering of Digital Therapeutics for you might could reprogram your smartphone with digital diagnostics that can screen particular viruses and. Out a vaccine in a much more rapid manner. A bit of democratization to access of information and using it to help the w. H. O. That will be on billions of smartphones that will have a global sensor for those regular General Health Deborah George for closing comments and then james. I think the best we can do at this this moment does not lose the advantage of the crisis so we have a very good crisis here. Its truly global. They remained less optimistic than jamie perhaps but i think if we can get headway on any of these collaborative techniques that george is working on indiana was describing and find out how to use our personal information to advance the greater good than it will have been a crisis worth surviving. A lot of folks are getting on the bandwagon. We have to make sure we get the good out of this crisis and in not the real evil that is lurking as well. This is a onceinalifetime thing. The way this has accelerated it seems like the number of pandemics is increasing. What is the next coronavirus or other virus cycle . I hope our memories so much better. This is finally gotten our attention and its no longer about making up facts. Lets a couple of dollars. This is a crisis not of tanks and chemical weapons and Hydrogen Bombs as the price of nature evading our space and we are ill prepared for it. It could be for inexpensive ways with just more creativity we can be prepared for the next one which may not be a lifetime away. It may be two years away. Could be before we are done with this one in excellent comes for thats what happened, the second wave was more serious than the first one because there was a selection for it that spread quickly through the people in the military. They were shipped back if they had a serious disease. I hope that we are paying attention as i said earlier and taking notes. We have the ability to hack darwin but we could argue the Silver Lining is some of the immunizations from Public Health to how we educate to even many folks unfortunately have mortality morbidity and economic made benefit us in better ways. I love the quote from apollo 13 when folks i would be a disaster for nasa and the head of Johnson Space center said this might actually be nasas finest hour. Jamie take us home. So i want to and on this. With love and respect to deb i just wanted to thank george and deb and daniel. Its such an honor for you guys to have you with me. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Here is why i feel hope. 100 years ago there were 2 billion humans on earth and had about a 20 illiteracy literacy rate. That means any problem if we had the head 400 Million People who could contribute to solving it. Thats a lot of people and now they are 7. 7 billion humans. We have an 85 literacy rate. Thats about 6. 5 ilya and humans who have the potential and we are networked to come together to solve these problems. We are horrible species and we are simply destroying our planet but we are a magical species who can do great things that no other species perhaps can imagine so that gives me hope. And this may be a call to arms is probably the wrong word that this is an all hands on deck moment for all of us and this is touching everybody on earth. Everybody has a role to play from big to small whether its george by helping to find a vaccine and to find a cure and daniel you bringing together the greatest innovators, medical and Health Innovators in the world to find new ways to innovate and deb finding new ways for us to learn and build new communities. We are all everybody has a role and we have to do it together and everybody, anybody who is sitting home and if youre watching this you are not Binge Watching netflix. If you are what Binge Watching netflix you are not appreciating not just the magnitude of the moment but what is required of each of us so as you mentioned weekend have our finest hour nasa referencing churchill paid this is a terrible time but we can together make it our finest hour and thats why coming together in events like these and sharing ideas is so important. Its why i thank you and all the participants for being part of this. Thanks jamie. How do we get an edition of your book . I thought you would never ask daniel. Available everywhere. Its an ebook until midnight tonight thanks to sourcebooks. Its like one third off and wherever books are. Go to your local bookstore. Please be careful and wear a mask and all the things that george said but i would just order it if i were you. Grade and with that thanks to deborah and thanks to george and thanks to jamie and thanks for international sponsors and we will see you in the future. Thanks so much daniel, goodbye. Hello everybody and thank you so much. My name is beri meric is my pleasure to introduce all of you to alex kantrowitz. Hello, how are you today . Im doing great great thank you for having me. Im really excited. We have many cross the road joining us for this conversation. Ive been talking about it nonstop over the last few days. We are all very excited about today. To remind everybody of the concept of our conversation today together with alex we are going to be learning how to compet