Locations here at the union market. If you would like a full list of our Upcoming Events please see our website. Or you can pick up a paper copy of our Events Calendar at the questions desk. Before the event tonight i do have a few short housekeeping items. First, please silence your cell phones so that we dont have any buzzing or ringing during the event. What is time for the q a session after the presentation, please come up to the microphone there as we are recording the event via audio. Please also make sure that your question is in fact a question. [laughter]. And if you have a dissertation, we do have a selfpublishing arm. [laughter]. We will have a signing for the book up at the front of the table here after the event. If you do not yet have a copy, we have plenty available for cell at the register. At the front of the store. Finally, at the end of the event, please hold the future and put into the side on one of the shelves. That would be a great help. Today im excited to welcome adam to the start celebrating his new book, rebels. The book tells the story of rose, woman famous in america during the golden age, but largely forgotten now. Having arrived from russia in 1990, and working in factories on page 11, she astonished American Society by marrying a blue blood to date new york together, the unusual couple joined the socialist party and work with figures such as emma waldman, eugene and others. As previous work on the spanish civil war and british have listened, he keeps diane into her life. Even as he died. He examines how historical figures responded to challenges than in some ways resemble our own. In revising figures like stokes, his work not only reminds us most political responsibility of citizens but also we should widen our political imagination. Once again in the other books includes the classics King Leopolds ghost, not only historian but also his mastery of narrative writer. And his account of the life and work, is just giving us an important tale for our own times. Please joining me and welcoming adam. Adam actually the music was supposed to be playing as you came in. Ive got to stop now because we have to get onto the rest of the show here. Anyway, it is great to be back here at the politics and prose. Its a wonderful store and i lived in washington, i would be here loitering all of the time. It is a pleasure to be or see so many of you here to hear about a book that is not the latest inside story from trumps white house. And it isnt even about the origin of the coronavirus. But its about Something Else entirely. Im really quite remarkable woman. And also about her very unusual marriage which i think shed some light on our countries was about a century and a quarter ago. And maybe by reflection, a little bit on the country today. So let me take and i want to tell the stories of both people in this marriage. But then we start with her. The woman who will become rose was born in russia in the town of herself. 1879 was when she was born. This is a small city and today is in the far northeastern corner of full it but at that time of course, there was no poland so is part of russia. Although she was jewish, the jews early some of them did not live in a shtetl because those father who was a cobbler lived above the shop on the main square of the town. In her mother separated. Soon after her birth. When she was born, the russian empire was under rule of czar alexander the second. He was a good guys czar. The man who freed the service and he also eased a few of the very harsh restrictions on russia students. He was by no means a believer and rights but he was shall we say, a little bit less antisemitic than many others members of the roman dynasty. However, the wifes of rose and her family millions of other people were offended something that happened two years after she was born in 1981. Hundreds of miles away when st. Petersburg empires capital. And he was assassinated. Alexander the second was predestined as he was dead, his successor impose very harsh new restrictions on the jews of russia. And encouraged essentially quietly and unofficially yes, a series of rules over the next 25 years pretty hundreds of People Killed and often jewish homes and shops were burned. Leaving their owners homeless. This of course was an enormous exodus minut millions of jews fe empire. For most of them onto the United States. Among them was rose, and three years old. In her divorced mother. They stayed first for seven years london, they begin great poverty in cities east end. It was there arose had the only schooling that she ever received. Less than two years. What was enough for her to learn to read and write english and she spoke yiddish at home and to acquire a great love for english poetry. Then in 1990, when she was 11 years old, she and her mother came to the United States like somebody other immigrants, unaffected ship like this one. And they immediately settled in cleveland, ohio. There, at the age of 11, rose had to go to work right away. In a factory making cigars. This photograph is from a few years later, that is her in the middle of the back row. Age 16 and 1896. She worked as a cigar maker for a dozen years. By the end of that time, she was the sole support of herself, her mother, and six younger siblings who had been abandoned by the stepfather. For this work and she worked modeling days but often evenings as well. Shared 8 week, the equivalent of about 240 a week today. Working in cigar factories with the uneasy. The oil the tobacco leaves seep into your clothes, and your skin, into the wood surface you are working on. It was impossible to get rid of the smell. In order to not have heat dry out of it tobacco leaf, so they cannot be rolled around into the start of the year had to be kept very humid in these factories so the windows were nailed shut. And sometimes of that the brace wouldnt blow the humidity out. Very fine tobacco dust filled the air and filled the lines of people working in these places. Cigar workers had the second highest rate of tuberculosis of any occupation in the United States. Only stone cutters had it worse. And rose would have lung problems for the rest of her life. When she was 20 years old or 21 years old, something happened that changed the course of her life. She saw a copy of a yiddish newspaper published in new york. Our jewish daily news. The paper ran one page in english and invited contributions from readers around the country. Was a new york paper but was trying to go national. So said everybody wherever your, send us your stories, practice letters and tell us what is going on there. Andras began writing to the paper. He gave her a call and an advice column. Under the heading of just between ourselves. To his amazement she received a check in the mail for 2. To learn they could actually get paid for writing. She wrote under the pen name of zelda. She was even more amazed and delighted when after two years of doing this living in cleveland, newspaper invited her to new york to work in his office and write for the english page of the paper fulltime. At double the salary that she was earning is a cigar worker. So she arrived in new york in 19 oh three. At the age of 23. Imagine how this city looked to somebody than sing it for the first time read on elevated tracks above the streets, the work seemed powered trains printed trolleys, propelled by underground cables on the streets themselves printed below ground, thousands of people were working in building subway systems which had not opened yet. And on the streets even a few of the new horseless carriages. And of course, skyscrapers and much else unlike any think that never seen before. And new york by the way of the time, is this city that would have terrified donald trump because it was a city of immigrants. More than half of the men in manhattan wrote 21 years old were foreignborn. New york would soon be the largest city in the world that is already the largest jewish city in the world. And this is a picture of the Lower East Side where rose lived and worked. Most of the people that she wrote about in the newspaper, worship assistance, street peddlers like these on the Lower East Side. She gathered their stories and then went back to the office and rode up reams and reams of copies everyday. One day in the summer of 19 oh three, the editor gave her a different assignments. It was to go and interview somebody who worked in a settlement house. You know what settlement houses where i think. These were places wellestablished and poor neighborhoods. Usually the poorest neighborhoods in every city. Drive northeast and they offered nutrition for children, they offered things like baths and showers, not just for kids but for adults because for millions of People Living in tents in new york and other cities. There were beds and showers there prayed they offered literacy classes and classes in many other things as well. Although, settlement houses served population that was almost entirely immigrant and very poor. The volunteers and staff settlement houses tended to be will to do college graduates. Owner roosevelt for example of this time worked on in a settlement house in the Lower East Side of new york. The settlement house where rose was sent to do her interview was called the University Settlement. On the lower side not very far from the office. And heres the man she was asked to interview. A volunteer working there. James Graham Phelps stokes. As you can tell from the name, very different background, anglo saxon protestant and his friends call him back home. And he rose fell in love. He came from the most different kind of background imaginable. Here for example, is his parents summer home. [laughter]. The house in the mountains in western massachusetts. The time it was built in the 1890s, it was for a time, the largest private home in the United States. One hundred rooms. And legend has it that one of grahams brothers was in the class of 1896 at yell, sent a telegram to his mother saying that he was bringing some 96, phyllis home for the weekend. His mother that the telegram and he got dropped from the telegram. And his mother replied, many guests are ready here, have room for only 50. [laughter]. And not in the summer later, some of the week in homes, the family lived in new york in this mansion at madison avenue and 37th street, a building that today as part of the morgan library. Here are grahams parents, each of them came from a family with a substantial fortune which they combined. The familys wealth rested on a number of things. Part of the phelps dodge running empire in new york City Real Estate especially luxury apartment buildings on the Upper East Side and a cluster of gold and silver mines in nevada on a railroad and ran to them. In the family is also very active philanthropic likely, good works of various kinds. Graham i think one or two members of the family serving the board of broker t washington institution. And there were other philanthropic adventures as well. Heres a picture of grahams parents surrounded by nine children and some of the spouses and offspring of those children. And, it was in terms of the country at the time, and immensely distractible family. The boys were expected to place prominent roles and they did in one of them became an undistinguished architect one became editorial writer for the new york times. One became what today would be called yellow university and later dean of the National Cathedral here in washington. The grandson became a bishop. The girls were expected to very well and they did. In one of them. No woman in europe became the baroness and another married into the family of former secretary of state. Budget Graham Stokes talk a quite different path in life. After he graduated from college, he went to medical school at columbia university. Then he worked as a medical student on horsedrawn ambulance in new york. For the first time, came into contact with a very different side of the city where he had grown up pretty this was the new york of the tennis and he was chocked what he saw. A tiny apartment, immigrants were living packed six and seven and eight people to a room. Tenements were often the only toilets were outdoor outhouses like these. And of course, they mislead the tenants of new york city also doubled as a sweatshop for the garment industry. Graham was outraged by what he saw. That was what made him become part of the Settlement House Movement and actually go and live in the University Settlement that we saw on the Lower East Side. That was where of course rose met him for the first time. They courted secretly for two years. Over the strenuous, well concealed opposition of grahams family. And then finally the news leaked out. Probably because a newspaper reporter had bribed a telegraph operator to tip them off of anything of interest that came over the wires. And when it broke it was front page news. This headline, jg phelps stokes to wed young jewish and it ran on page one and was recorded all of world. Europe and australia. And received immense attention. It was the lead story on page one of the new york evening world. As you can see, im not sure if you can read in the back, jg stokes engaged to marry port jewish girl. What attracted peoples interest was that it was not just a marriage of someone extremely rich in someone extremely poor but a jew and gentile. Interactive marriages were very unusual at the time. Supposboth a class and an ethnic difference. But were still interested in such things today. It makes people fascinated with prince. Megan marshall. Megan markle. The same newspapers and the sun rose up to sign up calling her the genius of the ghetto. Then they were married. On july 18th, 1905. Roses 26th birthday. Graham was seven years older. The press remained fascinated by this couple and they lived in a blaze of publicity for the next 20 years. And i think the core of the publics fascination was that here there seem be this cinderella story. Prince charming rescued poor virtuous some cinderella and her humble heart and brought her to limit his counsel. And i think what fascinates us all, and has so many print centuries about the cinderella story, is we are curious about the possibility for transformation. Will prince charming be somehow softened by his new bride. Will she be transformed and flourish and thrive in the castle and the way she cannot be before. And i think this is what curiosity about this is what caused people to follow so closely for so many years exactly what happened to this couple. Heres a picture of rose taken the year after they married. Their lives did not fit the cinderella script because Graham Stokes had some degree left cancel and rose had no desire to live in one. Even though they often stayed in one or another of his parents homes, and always made her uncomfortable. She and graham were acutely conscious they lived in a country with enormous disparities of wealth. Some people lived as grahams family did others were desperately poor and often worked in dangerous conditions as well these child homeowners in west virginia. In 1906, the year after they married, rosen graham both joined the group that the thought had the best solution to these problems. To the injustices of the time. The socialist party. And the time, the parties leader as he was for many years, was eugene, and noble man charismatic, much be limited, five times a candidate for president. He had began life as a Railway Worker and then became head of the raleigh workers union. And when he campaign for president in 1908, he traveled around the country in a special train old the red special. [laughter]. And a few red flags and was draped with red bunting and engineers of passing locomotives on the next track always recognized when they came along and gave loan toots and the whistles when they saw the red special ruling by. When he came to new york, Graham Stokes was on the platform with him because graham was running as a socialist candidate for the new York State Legislature from the Lower East Side. And rose went out and campaigned for both of them. Neither graham nor eugene one their elections. But people remained fascinated by this couple. Everyone still saw it as the cinderella story. The marriages fired two novels. Heres one of them. Salome of the tenements. And it was turned into a silent film. Unfortunate, the film was lost as with many films did not survive of that era. But we still have promotional photos from it of the actors playing rose and friend. And heres one of them. What they are saying to each other in the film, your guess is as good as mine. This was a time when many people even those who are not involved in the socialist movement or other progressive movements became acutely conscious of some of the injustices of American Life. The terrible Labor Conditions of the time involved clothing workers printed workers who worked in the triangle Shirt Company in new york city, just f washington square. There was a terrible fire. The workers on the upper floor were trapped and most of them were unable to get out and it was an inadequate escape the collapse under the weight of everybody on it in a stairwell which couldve allowed the workers to escape from this factory, was locked to keep out union organizers. 146 people burned to death, or left out the windows to the death to escape the flames. Almost all of them were women. Half of them were teenagers and almost all were immigrants, jewish and italian. 120,000 people marched in a morning procession through new york city and more than 300,000 people lined the sidewalks. This essay, this was something seem to crystallize and dramatize the awareness that people had began to have at that time as being for the enormous disparities of wealth. Rose continued her journalism but now issues of labor and social injustices is what she was writing about and also womens rights printed she got very involved in one case that had echoes of some of the kinds of battles that are still going on in the me to parrot today. One case that drew her attention was that of a woman called sarah who was an immigrant from russia. She worked as a nurse in manhattan for doctor hoopes home and office were in the same building. The doctor had given her a room to live in there. One night when she was asleep, he typed chloroform and her door and when she was unconscious, he raped her. Couple weeks later, she realized she was pregnant and she getting an and she shot and killed the doctor and surrendered to the police. Rose went to the prison where she was being held interviewed her in yiddish and told her story in the press. At much greater length that anybody else had. And then rose announced that she would pay sarahs Legal Expenses and once she was released from prison would give her in the may be a place to stay. The trial was delayed until sarah gave birth in prison and she was found not guilty in part because another woman had come forward who had been assaulted by the same doctor. Starting a few years after rose and graham were married, for it take a day or so, the United States was convulsed by strikes with hundreds of thousands of workers walking out every year. It was at a time when labor unions and almost had all the rights of the leader acquired. Strikes were often suppressed by police in these are chicago, striking worker in the paddy wagon. And sometimes from militia. Were National Guard troops. These are striking clothing workers in massachusetts. They are facing militia. The strike was organized by the iww, Industrial Workers of the world. The wobblies. Thats music that we heard before. One big strike of the garment workers in new york city, probably not close enough to read the signs that the strikers are holding up there but remarkable thing to me, is the signs in english russian and yiddish and italian. Rose was heavily involved in the strike. Speaking to groups strikers often many times each day. And that worker strike which began in 18 oh nine, she really came into our own as an organizer. An immensely popular speaker. And she soon became recognized as one of the great radical people over time. And now the cascade of newspaper stories continued were more about her and they were about them as a couple. And there signs that he was not completely happy about this. Most interesting strike that rose got involved in, happen in 1912. It was a strike of hotel and restaurant waiters in new york city. Also organized by the wobblies. A wobbly organizer would walk into one restaurant or Hotel Dining Room after another. Delmonicos, the historian, Luncheon Club of the new yorkers. The socket change and usually just as lunch or dinner was about to be served, the organizer would blow the whistle and all of the waitress walked out. Rose was on the strike committee. She addressed many rallies of the striking waiters and help handle publicity for the strike. And she wrote about the miserable conditions in which many of the workers worked. Later papers, very heartfelt letters of thanks from the waitress who took part in the strike. One of the buildings involved in the strike, was hotel new york, ansonia. If any of you are new yorkers, you may recognize it. It is still there and broadway between 73rd and 74th street as an apartment house today. At the time it claimed to be the Largest Hotel in the world. It was possibly true. Although difficult to say. Had a number of dining rooms and restaurants it was a famous Gathering Place for musicians, show Business People and mobsters. Turning to another aspect, one of the things that is so fascinating for me to write about is they are friends that to me are the most interesting people in the United States of america. Here are some of them. Eugene on the left and behind him is max editor of the magazine which was the best magazine in the United States at that time and was a precursor to the new yorker. Another friend was mabel dodge a wealthy heiress famous for holding salons where the Great Questions of the day were debated and sometimes she asked them to moderate a discussion. They were also friends with haywood a leading figure in the ibew a former car dealer cowboy charismatic order famous for using his fist and the liveliest of the generation determined to be at the center of the action whether that meant being in jail in the midst of a revolution of mexico or russia. They also knew lincoln stephe stephen, w eb the boy the greatest black intellectual of his time. And an extraordinary historian. Famous organizer and Upton Sinclair novel the jungle and as he was writing the book he looked chapter by chapter and also friends with Margaret Sanger the Birth Control pioneer which of course if they were granted today but the clinic this was shut down by the police and sanger was sent to jail. Acting in the campaign looking at things publicly at that time was against the law. Here in one of the mugshots the anarchist firebrand and rosen graham new with more than house guest on occasion and the period of American Life that was a remarkable time. 1900 through 1914 when they believe the world could be change. That is an undefined way just around the corner. But then something happened that shatter the dreams. , the First World War which not only kills 9 million soldiers and untold millions of civilians but also shattered the dream that the working class of Different Countries could never fight each other. Of course as you know the United States was not part of it. American socialist another radicals are agitated very strongly for the us to stay out of the war. And with the womens peace party to take part of demonstrations like this one. But then if course april 1917 went before congress and asking congress to declare war and the next year large numbers of troops were going to france eventually by the millions and by mid 1918 they were heavily involved in the fiercest fighting of the war. To bring an upsurge of propaganda here at home like the us Army One Army recruiting poster also a tremendous paranoia and not just government propaganda but a tremendous bush against anyone who questions the war in any form. You cant see the caption on this cartoon, but it says now for a roundup showing uncle sam rounding up the iww and the other radicals. However, many people in this country, not just those on the far left felt very strongly it is a huge mistake for the United States to enter the war. The government crackdown harshly on dissent, both agents at the Justice Department and local police raided the offices of leftwing organizations all over the country. This is the Office Look Like after a raid. The First World War created a rift that was terrible for the niceties to go to war. He was so enthusiastic that he enlisted in the military. And to get sent overseas he was too old but and for several years and never got closer to combat from like marching down fifth avenue. And happening in late 1917 the second stage of the revolution when the bolsheviks took over. Graham stokes was strongly against it and to go against american participation and now in favor of the Russian Revolution as well. This true the anger of many people including the angry hotel owner. Here is a report from the bureau of investigation the predecessor that says receiving word at various times to have meetings and if a search was made on the premises information could be secured. And with the records of the bureau telling them rosen bureau would be out of town and a good chance to search the house. Bureau of investigation kept a close eye on rosen agents followed her. And those speeches that turned out to be very useful and and in 1918 she was arrested, put on trial for speaking against the war, sentence ten years in prison under the espionage act. And essentially to criminalize all forms of dissent. Graham put up bail money to appeal the case and then didnt have to go to jail on appeal but by this point the marriage was on the rocks. They remained together seven more years but very uneasy because they were in radically Different Directions in politics. Rose joined the communist party i went to russia in 1922 and with the meeting of the communist international. And then she thought she found paradise in soviet russia. And then to it in other interesting in his life of religion particularly bringing together the traditions of christianity. They got divorced very bitterly 1925 this put them back on the front pages one last time and then the press completely lost interest. Rose kept a diary, they saved their letters, they had dueling unpublished memoirs. Hers was finally published 50 years later not to mention the recollections of their lives. Of their friends so there is rich material to work from i will urge all of you to save your letters and keep diaries and give historian something to work from. So after their divorce as a matter of principle she refused alimony and was reduced to poverty. She remarried but to someone as poor as she was. Then come down with cancer and died at the age of 531933. Graham also remarried but lived to the age of 88. That is their story. I wish i could say they changed, they didnt but you see a world that needed changing and still could today. I hope you enjoy getting to know them as i did. I will stop there and if you have questions or comments i would be glad to hear them. [applause]. Thank you for coming. Im interested with that storytelling approach, what made it on made you want to take that type of an approach . Why write a boring book like other professional historians do . [laughter] i know. To me history is filled with people who stories are inherently much more interesting than professional historians often tell them and why you cannot apply the techniques so it is curious in storytelling there is a tradition of lively narrative writing about certain subjects. Look at the vast books of world war ii. But often for those less familiar figures and other parts of history, people are not accustomed in a narrative way but why not . I believe you can be true to the facts have accurate as hell with a footnote and still tell a lively story. How could you find a more interesting one than this one . People from extraordinarily different backgrounds and thanks to the evidence of letters and diaries we can see inside that relationship im surprised there are not more people have written before. If you but not many. My question is first somebody like rose it was involved in politics and activism and supporting her husband in pursuit of running for office. Or running for a position. Actually they both ran for office several times. Each of them but unsuccessfully. Rose ran graham ran once for the legislature in new york and then living in connecticut and the School Board Position and then running for borough president of manhattan and i think once for congress but this was on the socialist ticket so she deafly did take pride in politics herself. And really, for the last decade of their marriage she was a much more public person on the stage and she was. Did rose have any relationship with William Trotter who was a contemporary . Not that i know of. I wish i could say more but his name does not show up in her papers not as a correspondence. I know they were involved with the niagara movement. They did not know the boys until later maybe 1910 but not trotter that i know of. Im just wondering, you said her husbands parents the wealth came from coal mining to the ever make any attempt to influence them . Not coal mining but gold and silver mining and copper mining. Never involved because all of the actual labor organizing to extract workers was in and around new york city. So the answer is no. This and make it a better story of thats the case but unfortunately not. Hello. Talk about a cinderella story so i am wondering what untold truth you hope to have conveyed in your book . And no way i would pay tribute to both of them for to come out of the world that they were born in. But for graham to do something as radical for someone as to marry a factory worker not only a factory worker by the russian jewish immigrant was extraordinary. It took a boldness to what i admire about rose is she seemed to grow intellectually through most of her life. I would say she shrank to the point she became overly enamored of the soviet union. But you can see that the records that she left with a sense of her world expanding. And i admire that and her ability to adjust to a very different world than the one that she grew up in, to get along with grahams family , she became very Close Friends and actually continued with the sister of grams to share the politics and was at ease with people with every class and occupational level. You can sense that in the tone of voice and the letters for people right to her she had a wide network of friends and to navigate in the world especially in the highly stratified world of that time , of course we do still live in a stratified society. It takes a real human want and imagination and i think she had those qualities. Thank you. To what extent do you think there is an influence on graham . To join the socialist movement . I wouldnt say she had an influence on him but in some ways i wish she had more of an influence on him. Even though they were radical and their politics and with the platform when they married, they both went into it expecting a very traditional marriage graham was seven years older, rose only had two years of schooling he had multiple graduate degrees she looked up to him and admired him the books that he read and the writers that he knew and i think it took her ten or 12 years to realize she was at least as smart as he was. So they both began with that traditional expectation of the marriage, rose got frustrated with that. And graham got frustrated to have a more subservient traditional wife that he expected. We are time for two more questions. With the democratic socialist with the nomination with the multibillionaire what does the story tell us how we take something out of that quick. A lot of things have not changed. [laughter] even though he calls himself the democratic socialist at that time they would not use those words but he really advocates to serve the welfare state. But more importantly, the problems the United States has which seems so stark looking at the pictures of those peopl people, with us today we still have individuals that are different come it looks a little different, but the income disparity between the top 1 percent and the remainder of the population today is greater than it was when they were married. And those are enormous and glaring that the people in this country dont have medical insurance. This is something taken for granted throughout western europe. There were many other things like that that we could point to that i think illustrate that in different forms the same sense of things that outrage people then should outrage us today. What would you say is the hardest part of the writing process . Getting that first word on the page. [laughter] that first draft is always the hardest for me whether the first draft of the chapter or the whole book, i find every possible excuse to find things that need fixing around the house, find people to call i have been out of touch with for too long, every possible excuse. And i have learned if you are in the process once you get the first draft done it becomes a lot easier especially doing these research have read books theres just huge amounts of information and enormous and other raw material but if you have a first draft, this of plies if you write a book or college paper, then you discover tidbits of material , or you see where those blank spaces are and you know what you have to go look for in the library. This was an easier book for me to write and some of the others with the basic raw material was there are memoirs and letters and diaries, that was the core of it. Filling in the material around the edges of what was happening at that time, was easy enough to do and very enjoyable. When you deal with a larger stretch of history or a cast of characters, then it becomes much harder. Thank you. But its never easy. [laughter] thank you so much. He will be signing books up front and there are copies at the register please make sure to fold up your chair as you leave. Thank you for coming. [inaudible conversations] in the first hearing , trying to figure out who had handled the case or could explain why they were missing one was rosemary woods because she handled and i felt by that time there were three of us jim had returned to nashville to attend to his private practice with the promise he would come back if we seek seated to get the indictment he would come back in time for the trial so that left to 30 yearolds in charge of the whole thing against the white house. We were known as the childrens march against the wicked. [laughter] and rick is the assertive and powerful persuasive totally unlike me i am organized and thoughtful we were a great team. But i felt he was taking too many witnesses. He only had a couple more Years Experience than me. I was an equal player. I came out of the courtroom is that im taking the witness that we are sharing equally every other witness. The next witness was a chain of custody witness. Nothing significant. I questioned her and by amazing foresight, by accident i asked what precaution she had taken not to erase any of the tapes. She said i used my head and was very hostile and nasty to me. And then when the white house announced there was an 18. Five minute gap and no explanation and only rosemary woods could explain this i assumed she would stay my witness because she was the first time you dont change witnesses in the middle. Now he claims he was behind questioning her the second time. If he was i have no knowledge i just prepared from the moment i heard i skipped all of thanksgiving and spent the weekend reading everything i could possibly read about her past and to be prepared i just had to get transcripts and underline them and look at them. So then called is a criminal suspect for the first time in my life i gave the miranda warning because she was the suspect in a criminal case. Welcome to the free library of philadelphia i do have one unfortunate update rick burns will not participate in our discussion this evening due to a workrelated trip. However the good news is that you will see a sneak preview of his new documentary which will be aired on pbs later this year and is based on ten years of research a curator with more than 30 Years Experience consulting for more than 250 institutions including the smithsonian , jewish museum