Raising my own family just down the street, i feel incredibly proud to call myself a true blue chicagoan. Anybody else feel that way . [applause] it makes me even prouder to now be part of this fantastic chicago ideas team who works each and every day to challenge our city and the world beyond to share ideas, inspire action, and ignite change. Chicago ideas is all about deep curiosity in pursuing connectivity. So in that spirit, who doesnt love a good friday net icebreaker, id like to ask you to take a moment to tune to a person you dont know and introduce yourself why you are here tonight and share what your most trusted source of political news might be. Might be a bit of an oxymoron so give you 60 seconds. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] okay. Its going be tough for me to try to get this room back, you guys. If i can, everyone, if i can get everybody to i love your all getting to know each other. The point of time after the program is over. This would probably also be a good time as image and connectivity, i dont necessary mean the cell phone variety so this would be a really great time for me to ask everybody to please just take a quick check of your cell phones and make sure they are silenced. While you doing that, i would also like to mention the chicago ideas would not be possible without the support of our fantastic members and would like to take a moment to recognize and thank all of our members in the audience tonight. Can you raise your hand, give a wave, members. Amazing, thank you. Those of you who are not members might be thinking to yourself, why am i not a member . What does that look like . What do i get from a membership . Im glad you asked. Our members enjoy yearround benefits like elementary tickets, ticketing presales and member only experiences throughout the city. In fact, we have an event coming up in april that the members who enjoy the presale benefit might be really interested in hearing about. While i cant going to raise specific detail because the announcement is on wednesday, i can tell you we have a 15 time grammy Award Winning performer who has written a book, who plays the piano as a hobby, here it you might say is on fire. Maybe. Thats about as far as i can go, but the member and if its what make that presale opportunity something really spectacular, and thats in april so weve got some really great stuff coming up so consider the membership. You can learn more about becoming a member if you go to our website at chicago ideas. Com. And now onto the main program. Two nights conversation is going to be one that you will not soon forget and one that will keep you thinking for a long time. So if youre something that resonates with you during the program we encourage you to share your thoughts with your Digital Community using our hashtag chicago ideas. Id like to thank our partners at cbre for making tonight possible. So id like to welcome onto the stage the vicechairman of cbre, bradley serot. [applause] how are we doing tonight . Its friday night. Were doing great likes i love the energy. Megan mention my name is brad serot and on behalf of cbre i want to thank you all for being here. I would also like to recognize megan and her team at chicago ideas. Lets give them a round of applause for putting on two nights event. [applause] so i cant tell you how excited i am to be a a tonight kickingf the tenth anniversary of chicago ideas. Ten years. Over the past decade its been amazing to see the impact the chicago ideas has had on our city and on curious mind all of the country and even the globe. They had brought his words of politicians, poets, entrepreneurs, authors, philosophers and the list goes on. All of them challenging us to think just a little different. And tonight, tonight is no different. Tonight were joined by two chicago leaders who are going to discuss the role of the city and the mayors who lead them to continue to be the engine for change in our country and the world. Its my honor to introduce melody hopson and mayor rahm emanuel. [applause] well, this is going to be fun. Fun. We have so much to cover. You have a weird idea of what fun is. [laughing] sparring with us. I feel like im in a nasa chair. I feel fine. Good. Looks like the medication kicked in. [laughing] i told you it would be fun. I want to start with, give a new book obviously. We here to talk about it. I want to start with how the book really opens, which is the beginning is about family and its about your grandparents and their parents, and its very, very, it pulls you in immediately because their story is so compelling. The story of immigrants that came to america at very young ages of eastern europe. And you said there were these photos in your relatives houses that were in black and white that conveyed messages to you. I voted down picky said the message they conveyed, we sacrificed and struggle lfp under family that we never socking. That sacrifice will not be dismissed. Youre going to work hard to get an education. You are going to make something of yourself. Its one thing to see that visually. How did that form and shape you not in theory but in practice . First of all i know you know this. Theres nothing subtle in a jewish home. Or a black one. What it was was down in the tv room or the family room in our house was grandmothers purse, grandma sophie on my mothers side. Harpers, her passport, her two sisters. All three of them i think are a whopping 4. 7 on the richter. 4. 7, fourpoint it, thats it thats it but they pack a punch. Their passports and then on either side across the wall by the blackandwhite photos of relatives both my mother and father site and never made to america. Whether it was a holocaust for them, all climate by the side in palestine, they never made it. That was the subtlety and the message basically. Remember, these eyes are staring at you so its a very haunting image and its a reminder of our responsibility. That was a very important part of our life. The other part which is also true about our relatives is about grandpa, my mothers fathe father. If you look, i got chewed on e dna pool. He is 64, 300 pounds. Eastern european, steelworker, meat cutter, truck driver, amateur boxer. I do not have any of that dna. [laughing] i get all the stuff that went to israel. I didnt get any of the Eastern European side of that. He meets my grandmother on the west side in douglas park at a dance that if you know the history of chicago and the Jewish Community, all the Jewish Community that is nongerman on the westside, all the german jews are south shore. Thats just what we have the covenant club, this dead club, german jews, everybody else. They meet at a a dance and hapn to go up and mobility. They did know. They get married. My mother gets a raise in they moved to albany park and every sunday without any changes, you were not allowed to everybody went over to the house to grandma and grandpa was is that your whole life you win on sunday. Every sunday, third floor. Kids are running around. People are screaming and yelling which is a conversation. And theyre all arguing about politics, and everybody is yelling and screaming and grandpa and the reason he was called big bang guy because he would bang on the table when he wanted to get heard. That was his boys. How did this piece about you would make something of yourself because when you look at you and your brothers, no slouches into a manual family. Part of that though you have the doctor, famous doctor, famous speed i would not recommend his bedside manner to anybody. I do want to get too close because my dad just died and i will start getting my parents to the credit raised us with a sense when this responsibility to do something with our lives and that youre not here to just pass through. Were they saying this to you . I can nothing there was no implicit. It was explicit. I was a total slacker because when you walk into our house, you walk in. Your distance is the refrigerator side and what is on that site was when anybody comes in the house, right there. Your report card. It stayed up until the next report card comes. Galvan comes down, the other one goes up. So you would see seek, all as. And then there was my report card. That was it here but my parents, the dinner table was a necessity. You could not miss dinner. You participate in sports. You had to be home for sabbath and fighting at 6 00 and couldnt go up. We had a desk, family members the lip of those and i was going to get to grandpa in the second. And dinner was we discovered usc fighting at our dinner table. It was, you could sit and listen. You had to participate. Grandpa when the we he lived with us, grandma, when he retired, grandma is very sick and he wants even though hes he lived his life in chicago he wants to die in israel. This is his dream. So he had to wait to get his papers so hes living with us and grandma for two years. A funny story about that. He would get up every morning at 4 30 a. M. , make us breakfast, boxer underwear, tank top, high socks and slippers. And the newspaper. Then he would read the papers. Papers. He had a fourth grade education, and then he would just hit you, and that was his way of saying i love you. He would yell at you. But its this weird thing. They hidden of the yelling was an expression of affection. What i dont understand, rahm, this is a big missing piece. I guess, i get the chaos. Is this cover blue cross and blue shield . [laughing] i get the grandfather, the shorts. You paint a really vivid visual but then you say it would surprise us all that you were a quiet and attentive child. Were you just observing this melee that was going on . I was a very i cant believe that. [laughing] im not making it up. I was a very, very quiet child. Like up until five . No, no. In fact, they want, they took me for test because i was not talking. I was a very quiet child. Youre making up for a long time. The change in my life occurs later when im 17. You lose a finger. I lost my finger. Or half of it. To get you special parking. I lost my finger. I didnt go to the hospital. I had gangrene, two bone infection, five blood infection. In the arms of those a chance a nurse saved my life. I was in hospital for seven weeks. I lost three roommates who all died, and its not like the clouds open, the sun comes through, beethovens ninth starts playing. But you do in the seven weeks, i walked out about 20 pounds lighter but im a changed person and i have never come and everybody, i was just a changed person. You came out fighting. I came up to make everyday count and that i was going to do something with my life. So that meant your voice was louder than it had been . No. I actually think i wanted to find a purpose for my life. Originally i was going to do ballet. I thought about child psychology, Early Childhood education. By hook or by crook i worked on the campaign and is a this is what i want to do in life. So lets jump to politics. Its 1980. Your political director of Democratic Congressional campaign committee. He joined the clinton campaign. We know the rest is history. A lot happens. You work for marydale are mayor daley. I just love this city of chicago. Its like home. [laughing] where did you get those shoes, mellody . [laughing] i cant believe it. If thats so scary. Wheres george . Its creepy, rama here stop. You get yelled at for eight years straight. You can imitate it pretty good. What did you learn from him . Like i could do like get you back packs. I could be a for eight days. Bill clinton is one of the most incredible talents, and he had a capacity like ive never seen to look at something and drill politics, policy, to indication. Ill give you a funny story. Hes sitting a cross, youre in the cabinet room. The president s back is to the window part of the cabinet room. The chinese premier isnt there. The chinese premier has always looted. We have our cabinet there. They are trying to work something out and if you know anything with the chinese and the ministers, they read, you respond. They respond to your everything is typed up an entire hour. There is like zero creativity, zero flash. Theyre having trouble can he does so, the chinese premier how hes going to handle himself. And goes, let me tell you how you do this. And he sits there and walks the chinese premier to how to handle selling this back in china. And heres the politics and this is how you would handle it. The chinese premier literally everything is choreographed down to the final no free moment, starts laughing hysterical. He says listen, when youre done with his present think i need you to come in as an advisor to me. [laughing] clinton had capacity to walk through anybody, anybody elses shoes politically come understand the difficulty, think about the policy of the think about how to if he was gifted and talented like that, what did you take away from that that you could apply in some way that made you better . No, well, up until then i s always doing politics. Bill clinton had something that totally, i think its relevant to the book and relevant to this. Bill clinton always said the biggest thing thats always underappreciated in politics is ideas. And that if he understood ideas, you could make politics. Then i would take at this, and they used to say this always to my kids. This is true about everybody but its very true for mayors, governors and president s, chief executive. Yet to be idealistic enough to know why you are doing what you are doing and then ruthless enough to get it done. [applause] i added the ruthless part. I think he said something else. But if you go back and think of our great president s which you write about. Im talking about kennedy, lincoln, reagan, roosevelt, et cetera. Lincoln does not start as an abolitionist. In fact, the abolitionists think hes too moderate, always compromising. He always knew how party to get ahead but not out run public opinion. And he is constantly doing the politics but at the end of the day he knew slavery was wrong. He doesnt do with emancipation proclamation entail antietam two andy waits and holds a performance until theres a battle because if he announces it before hand he will be seen as a loser that has to go to ending slavery as as a way to d the war. You have to be, know why you are doing what youre doing and then you have to be tough enough to see it all the way through. Clinton added think all chief executives are capable, but clinton taught me to have a northstar, and ive been immersed myself in policy from him, which is why this book any of the book i wrote all about policy, that you have to have ideas to really aluminate what youre going to do. Then you have to be really tough enough to see the ideas all the way through. Theres things i will talk as a galante about chicago that were those very influential kind of mentor that he was for me but above that speed is its its interesting because you said i should say and interesting not but, and its interesting that you say as the mayor you actually have to have ideas. You have to get things done. There is nowhere to hide. People are there every minute. They will come to your home and find you. And they did, right . They know where you are. So you say the future of society right now around the world, is with mayors and cities. Explain the premise for everyon everyone. Well look, the basic premise of the book is what also i ran also i believe in my home career until this moment is about president clinton, congress and president obama and the national government. When a ship opens, mayor daley decides not to seek reelection, i wanted, if you grew up in chicago, the mayor is the office and i was on one trajectory in congress. So i wanted to, and run for mayor because i thought it was the time to do something. The people in d. C. Think that was odd . You know David Rubenstein from the carlyle group. He called it a big me not to leave. Why would you leave one of the powerful positions government . You have an unbelievable platform. Why would you become mayor . David is very involved in the city. Hes like, i said david, mayor of chicago . You dont get it done. You dont understand. There was a premonition that there was a ship. A third of the book is about the center of gravity of our politics is moving out of washington out of brussels out of london to local. Because of this function . Part of it is dysfunction. All the weaknesses use federal, distant, dysfunction, disinterest. Matchup against all the strength you see local. Intimate, immediate and impactful. We have been here before. What is interesting about this moment is not only is things returning locally, but then local governments now are taking up more and more of the real estate that used to be only the federal. Is it real estate or slack . Both. Local governments are leading the charge on climate change. Local governments are leading the charge on immigration. Its not just talking about it, from the welcoming city tour libraries having immigration to do with your citizenship. Local governments are taken on the leadership on inclusive growth or income inequality. Ill give you one example. On research, which always used to be the federal government, Mike Bloomberg and a right about this comes up with this brilliant idea of putting the cornell university, and ten years later, new york now is rifling the west coast attack starts. Were doing with the discovery center. Research centers was never, a would come up with an idea of her research center. While local government has always existed and played an important role, if they get more and more of the things the federal government steps back. Good or bad or just i like to answer your first, third question and then i will get to that one. [laughing] sorry. A third of it is political science, a third is the urban politics, then a third about, a third of it is you know the famous Winston Churchill quote when he lost his election right after the war, right towards the end, they said how do you think history will treat you . He said very well. How do you know . I plan on writing it. Thats a third of that book. Thats what it is. Two things i would say, is a good or bad . It is both and its both simultaneously. When you think about where you were, where you work, where you live come when you play, what schools your kids go to, how to get from home to work, what are the entities in your community, libraries, et cetera. All that is your local government. None of it comes from the national government. The national government, disneyland on the potomac right now. Its not part of your life. Thank you. Thats number one. Number two, ive been to thousands of conferences about the high school is a longer enough, you have to have two years. So we came up and i see a number of the staff and cabinet members that are here. We came up with the chicago star scholarship which if you get a b average in high school, Community College is free. [applause] first city to do it, 8000 kids have done it. Boston, denver, louisville, san francisco, oakland just to name a few and the other cities are all replicating it. We have 8000 kids and going into, that have already used t and going on. Do you think betsy devos has called . [laughing] do you think betsy devos has not only said forget chicago. Said to all the mayors and her seven governors doing it, come out to washington, i want to hear about it. Now, i think thats horrible. Im not saying free commune to college is a most important education policy, but my mother thinks its in the top three done in the United States of america. And if you do think the records of all the jobs require something Post High School and seven cities in the United States have started something that is equivalent of this era with a High School Education was for the 20th century, Neither Congress has adhering or the secretary of education has asked for data. And youre not one city, youve multiple cities and states. I did the research for this book and and i was really shocked at this fact pick and i think this does to the other thing for this, which is, going into world war ii, which country have the highest education in armed forces . The United States of america. 90 of the men and women, mainly men come in the armed forces had High School Education in the trade, higher than any other army in world war ii. Before the war is over, 44 roosevelt announces the g. I. Bill. I know a lot happened at the High School Education at the beginning of the century, the g. I. Bill in the middle of the center, the rest of the american century. We havent done anything. Im proud, in the city, we got not only the chicago star scholarship that if you keep the the average while youre in Community College, every college and university in the city of chicago gives you 2050 off of tuition. I would like the federal government, if the federal government says, i dont think youll ever do it but if they said any city or state that adopts this weevil double the pell grant. Then you could was taken idea, make it universal. But to me i knew this was happening in chicago, you cant wait so we have to move and jeff to do something. How do you square that with obviously its political season rumor has it. Bernie says wipe out all the debt how do you square that . Im not this is not to attack bernie, but since you asked. [laughing] i dont think taxpayers should pay for our kids to go to college. I think its crazy. We can afford it. Why would you look, income inequality i write in the book is really masquerading as as a diploma to fight. Thats whats happening. If you have a diploma divide in this country, this is one of the things im proud, of 8000 kids that done the chicago star scholarship, 81 of them are the first one in the family to go to college. Their retention rate and the Completion Rate are both double and triple the normal Community College population. I happen to think, you could high school, uk. Chicago, you get b average. I think skin in the game counts. You talked about how you debated that. We debated it and we came down to money and other issues, and then the one thing we do thats different, that only do we tuition, we do all transportation and all books. So make a real difference in a child, a students life. I highlight some of the kids who have gone on to cornell, u of i and et cetera. Was education your northstar when you are mayor . Thats why rent. First of all you would invite for the people outside house anymore unless this gets back to one of the things as i said idealistic enough to do, idealistic enough to know why youre doing what youre doing at the tough enough to get it done. Went anecdote in their, we all lived through it, the chicago, the strike. I made a pledge speedy how long was it . Seven days. It was actually sorry, seven days weird agreement, two days to get the book organized so nine days kids were out of school. Think about it this way. You are a. Put yourself in the chair. My life would be easier if i had, we have the shortest school this shortest school year and the United States. I would come in and say this is tougher than i thought. My life would be a hell of a lot easier and my families life and it will be less stress on the city. But i thought it was a mistake if you wanted to break the cycle of poverty to throw in the towel on that. Because you would never 83 of the kids who go to Chicago Public schools are poor. Want to break the cycle of poverty you dont come up with the shortest school day and shortest year in the United States and over 40 of the kids do not have a full day kindergarten. Mayor daley in 20032004 in 204 contracts tied to get this done. You decide to endure a strike to get it . To me i thought it was not only a a linchpin from what i had pledged that i didnt think you should pledge something of island. On the other of the also more portly a linchpin that were going to change this trajectory of her education and also change the trajectory of these children, that you had to have a full school day. To go back to 2011, children of houston got the equivalent of three more years of classroom time than the children of chicago just based on hours a day. And i and i did, when i gave upg valley is going to be an Early Childhood educator. Not that i recommend your child come to my home for education, but my interest in education, i knew i had achieved what i have achieved in life because of it, and i then thought that it was important enough. That to me was an example of something there was a lot of pressure without naming names of people who were dear and close to me in politics who thought i should not take that. Now, i made, in the area of another churchill call, nothing i achieved i did not do without having made a mistake. The mistake i made was about six months before hand. We had no money at cps. The mayor has the authority, or had, that you could unilaterally cancel pay increases. Never exercise but it exists on paper. We were in 2011 going into 2012, the. Year of the last contract mayor daley happy it was 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 . And we were, finances were in such a position they didnt even do a budget before he walked in at cps. Im not on had a corporate account had a corporate account to do, cps. And i was a punk. I unilaterally that was not a name, you have to do that, okay . I unilaterally canceled the 4 , which set, i put karen, her back to the wall. I own that. Thats mine. Thats my mistake. If you had a do over you wouldnt do it . No, what i wouldve done, no, i own this. This is my mistake. I shouldve called karen and said, look, we dont have the money. Work with me. She wouldve said, thats your problem. You ran for the office, sucker. Fix it. Im not doing anything to help you. You have to back up six months prior to that. I could count to springfield and change the law and the take the time of day out of the contract. Shes got her members and she cooperated, and her members are like, what . Then i take the 4 and i really quarter. There are other things that she did, im not going to that violated some trust the we had and agreements that we had. That said, i set up there was always going to be a strike, regardless. I made it worse by that 4 i shouldve said elyse even her chance to sit at the table and done a big banger. No, i didnt do that and all that. At the end of the day no regrets on that on the issue. You got it done. I i also think, let me also say, i got it done, the regrets eating them because i think its foundational to the other progress. Level stated city. Thats it. The other thing to remember on this is, so everybody talks about the strike. In 2015, the teachers with an entire year without a contract. They did want to strike anymore. They were done like and was over, karen and i and a talk about this, got a working relationship. I can do this now that im out. We texted each other. I look at my chief of staff, probably flipping out about now. I see you there, joe. We would communicate with a great relationship, and we tried to get the contribution for the full pension dating back to mayor washingtons day. She tried to get, couldnt get it. But they were an entire year from 2015, no contract. We figured out a compromise is also gets to something both president obama, president clinton working in congress. So the teachers, dating back to 83 would give 2 towards her pension. Pension. Cps would get all the other 18, or 16. And in the 83 deal mayor washington had a budget pompously said ill give it a oneyear, you want to get 2 torture pension. That one year started in in the three never changed. Karen and i try to get all new teachers, all old teachers 9 . She could pass it. I reached out to her. Were having negotiations and im fast 40 a lot of information but we come to the agreement, all new teachers will do the 9 , all legacy legacy teachers will stay at 2 . We got a contract. There there are other issues involved but that was the big issue. We worked our way through a very good working relationship when i decided not to run, actually the first communication i got when i came off the podium was from karen. Why did you decide not to run . So i could sit here with you and do this interview. [laughing] theres a couple things. I loved the job and i love more portly, i love the people, et cetera. And what you can do. If it wasnt for the fact that it did the first, i did so i was exhausted, thats the headline, is i get elected to congress in 2002. Two years later in 2004 mantises i want you to take over the dccc, and take back the house te but we take back the house pictures has a want you to be chairman of the dccc and caucus checker we do do that from 2006 into 2008. I take that. We get fat and thin president obama says i want you to be chief of staff. As i think you all know that was a slight turnaround, okay . Like a piece of crap. Financial crisis. Financial crisis, Auto Industry is about to fall apart, the economy is in the worst recession, two of the longest wars, okay. And then ira for mayor and we made a lot of changes ira you all part of it and eight years and basically the last ten years of that 16 years. Both for the president and then for the city were two major turnarounds. I was exhausted and i know one thing about chicago is not phoenix, not albuquerque, its not tucson. This is not a city where you do one year of work and hit cruise and let it cruise for 30. The other i also know, this is the student of politics. Their terms are snakebitten terms. Mayor bloomberg third term was not a great term. Mayor koch third term was not a great term. Governor cuomo, look at all mistakes roosevelt makes, third term. One of the things, this gets to big banger, someone asked me this his thing, at the end of the day besides politics, you never bring disrespect to the name. I i had spent 25 years in public life. Do you know what the one thing is ive never done . I have never hired a lawyer i dont think with the present klin, i got close a couple of times but i never hired a lawyer. And i was that was kind of a self evident. [laughing] i realized i knew enough about political history and science, i knew enough about myself where i was energy level. And the truth is in the third term you are not as smart and as good as you think you are. Your staff is as tired as your and youre going to make the mistake. I got into place after ten years, gotten accomplished a lot of what i wanted to do and had to come was a hard conversation. Amy and i had, the kids had and had to have a hard conversation with myself because i love the city, i love this job but ten years it was time to put the jersey up for a while. Did you family want you to stop what you think you should keep going . It was a divided court. And how did you manage the stress on the family . You mentioned more than once 90 goes to amy. I get five and the kids get 5 . 5 . Amy kept the house, the family, a sense of and the kids, i sense that they were in the place of love and warmth. Its interesting [applause] we set up a rule what i got elected to congress, which was, we had friday night shabbat dinner, sunday night also two dinners and night during the week. We did travel times even though when press would criticize me for being out during the holidays, we did our travel overseas with the kids. We could do things as a family. See continued the tradition. Yeah. What is mark twain quote . At 12 i knew my father was a fool. By 18 i was shocked by what he learned in oh six years. I think, you know whats interesting . When i look at the time from congress to mayor, i would say, and a look at my kids today, i would actually, then i look at being mayor, being a chief of staff and congress and things ive been exposed to, et cetera, ive always believed in family. I have become a bigger zealot of the family, and the domain ozzie and harriet. And no, i dont i dont mean ozzie and hurt. When i look at my kids and the love we provided but also look at their cousins, the grandparents that they been fortunate to have both sets, and a look at dear friends who also like family, and i think the family is under assault in america. Not because people are against it but things pulling at it. And i have come to the conclusion, look, im a big believer in the mentoring program, big believer in afterschool programs in summer et cetera. I fought hard to expand those, to grow them, to have them do different things. And unbeliever in government, a Government Program cant love a child. It can help them provide for fa child. Cant love our children and my dad always said he never saw a child spoiled by too many kisses and too many hugs. Never. [applause] i think, i come away from public life thinking more and more about how do we support i want to be clear. Im not talk about ozzie and harriet because that never existed and its a mythology. But how do you support family . And when you think about what i think, what i actually think mayors are running, youve got a mayor of london whose death the prime minister. Your three mayors ready for office. All the governors have dropped out. I think one of the Biggest Challenges we have besides income inequality is alienation. What else leads to the death and despair . Alcohol, heroin, suicide at unprecedented levels. And only a mayor knows how to find both places of faith, community groups, not forprofits and create a self, a place, a belonging and belief in yourself. I think those are the hardest things and i think family plays a central role in giving a young adult that sense of belonging. When you define family, youre not talking about blood relatives . Youre talking about community . No, i think its both family in the sense of family, but when i say family im including aunts, uncles, grandparents, including dear, dear family friends, et cetera, that network that can provide for the growth of a child. How do you put that back together in our Current Society . Certainly we have lots of broken homes. We have lots of kids that dont grow up with any, they are desperate for all of those whats interesting, were asking more just take schools, education. We are asking a place that only about education to become a beauty school, and afterschool, and nutritional program. Youre asking it to do a whole more things than it used to be. Therefore you have to give it a lot more resources. I also think its the right thing to do because children and families need that type of support. And not every child starts level set and only through places of worship but through our schools can you give all children, which is what i think prek is so essential. Because without it, not every child will have that chance. So speed is look, this is eating into president ial politics for a second. Our political system and Economic System are written actually in conflict. Within the political system, with an Economic System are conflicts. Weve had. Sometimes where those conflicts have erupted. But when they have erected youve had a president who advocated malice towards none. We killed 600,000 fellow citizens in the second inaugural, lincoln talks about a malice towards none. In the worst depression, roosevelt talked about nothing to fear but fear itself. Weve always had these divisions. This is the only time in the last 100 years that we had a president in the type of division was trying to figure out them. That is really different and that is why the opportunity of cities, when you think about it, that is a real problem at people are trying to create locally a place of community and the place of belonging which is only enhancing the role that both mayors and cities are playing. Has that stoking change us for ever and change forever . Can we recover . Yes. It will require all of us doing a role. Not just the president. The president leads it but not just the president , but yes. Would you think about who is not how hard is that to pull off for whoever that leader is, to be the kind of i list and visionary and relentlessly fighting for the ideals in a way that restores the stability that youre talking about, how hard is that . Its very hard. To president obama is tremendous a lot of people said he should always be reaching out sand. I actually thought his civility, what it was like the summit are other things, was unbelievable strength in the coarseness of our politics that you could see starting then, that his graciousness was a real asset, not a liability. People thought it was a liability it was an incredible political and cultural aspect. I do think, think about it from a policy standpoint, ive advocated this going back to 2006 in the of the book i would. I actually think what this country needs right now is National Service. Every person has to do its very important. Because how would that look . I dont know everybodys politics but im going to say we all go around saying diversity is our strength. Diversity is our strength. Thats it. Full stop. You cant have that be a strength if you dont have a Common Foundation. It becomes a liability if you dont agree on something. You can have now look, here in chicago, even though some people would for the cubs and some people root for the white sox, et cetera, you have 147 languages spoken in a public schools. Thats a lot of faith, a lot of background that every parent has the same aspiration regards of the language. So you can weave this. One of the things weve lost is that common experience and i think creating a National Service where everybody serves alongside each other, and in the same armed services, it can car, a lot of different ways a young person im assuming. Out of high school, six months minimum. Do you think that could ever happen . Is. Dino americorps, first of all, 6000 kids in the city of chicago is all a court. Okay, there goes americorps right over there. Absolutely. And did you think, i actually think the country needs it. We have to once again create a generation, whether its our kids from all that the background of the races, alter parts of the country having one shared experience. Let me translate that. Why do libraries, why departs, why do Public Transportation work . Regards of background or race you have shared experience that only a city or a Public Entity can create. And to think thats very valuable, especially in a time where we all migrate to our own news, migrate to our own committees, my quick you are race, education, inc. , backgrounds. Having that Common Foundation will allow our diversity, the russians couldnt use it against us. That was a political jab if you didnt notice. Im going to switch gears for a moment. Whats the afterlife of a mayor like . What is a like walking down the street, going to restaurants . You wake up with i would imagine you woke up every day with something that was super pressing. First of all, you dont have complete i havent had this is the first on not even good at it now, but starting from clinton forward, obama forward, unity waking up multiple times a night you would be. Because a blackberry, thoughts, cell phones . Yeah, or if you get above the age of 50, the bathroom. [laughing] im getting the hairy eyeball from amy. Theres a lot of things. But no, i think, as mayor, anything happens to the city of significant youve got to be notified. What is it like when it doesnt exist . First of all, youve got a lot of glitches you have to you know, you go through, theres funny incidents like people go, like somebody, if im going to the airport, like, youre an actor, arent you . Its like this, they will have that that fast they forget you . While im in new york. I know you. Theres that. Ill give you one funny story though about the kids and i, especially alana, would like to go to the final four. Been doing it a few years. As a you kind of, you will go to the back to whatever, so we go to the final four in phoenix. The doors have opened but you go to the security, et cetera were all a big line and because the family trip i dont take any security. Massive line, 85 degrees, and theres like 25,000, 30,000 people waiting. We were waiting in line. Im like, what the hell i didnt say [laughing] what is going on . What are people doing . Alina looks right at me and says this is what people do. I think you should run for another term. [laughing] so thats like, but wait in line. Thank god for clearance at the airport. Theres that whole adjustment. Look, i think the weird wite heres the hardest part. You are mayor. As a matter with you during schools, Community College, public safety, corporate group, your project is chicago. I have now banking stuff, tv stuff, book stuff, boards, speaking. So like i was down in st. Louis and those meeting with a client, and i get a text from the washington post, we need your edits in one hour. This is a piece on impeachment so youre walking out of the meeting and editing a piece on impeachment as youre driving its a little left and right brain. Its a bit frantic in that sense. I prefer frantic and chaos over anything else. When you look back and would like to do over, give us three. One i really told you i would not have done the foreperson unilaterally. I would not have changed my commitment. Karen and i had agreement on something that i own the 4 . The other side that was not kept, but i still would go through for the full school day because i think was foundational two, school closings. This to me is about Public Policy and stuff like that which is, and again i want to put you in the cheer, he a mayor. Bma. You have the worst funding of education of any state in illinois for a kid of poverty. We have change that but prior. The budget was so bad it was not done like it was supposed to, before hand. You have kids trapped in schools year in and year out level iii which is caeli. Not one year, not two years, a decade. Three, youre about to upset peoples lives in a way that you would want to do to anybody. I didnt run so i could close schools. Then you get report this is 110 have to be closed. So you have finances are a mess, you mess up peoples lives, people are trapped in school and you should shut the 110 of them. And yet you have this responsibility if you do one, you have to make sure these kids are safe. So how do you see through all this . Some people advocated, do like ten a year. But then ten over five years is like just extending this pain. Werent happy with you because you give our commencement. I said we only 2 high school but if you introduce me and tell everybody that story i will [laughter] you know you shut the schools, dont shut the schools, kids are trapped in horrible schools, we dont have the money and you go through this, here is the one thing i will say all the mayors have on that stage. That is the president ial you have mistakes and that is the only way you will succeed. I know it is true if you look at president ial history, look at the bay of pigs and cuban missile crisis we are lucky kennedy failed at the bay of pigs. If you reduced the order, kennedy learn the joint chiefs are full of and dont know what they are talking about. In the bay of pigs they would have bombed the hell out of havana. He understands that only he knows how to do this, what are the judgments . He learned his this and applies things, thank god we had the cuban missile crisis after we had the bay of pigs. You make failures all the time in the real judgment about a president , if we knew in the first term what we know by the second term we would be geniuses. If you fail and apply it Going Forward you will succeed and now the just later has that. If you look at it, mayor bloomberg, pete buttigieg, issues of public safety, they own those failures and applied it Going Forward. Thats not true with experienced legislators. I want to do a superfast speed round. Dont worry about it. Do you have a hobby . Five of them. I am crazy about exercise. Favorite hobby, reading books. Last book you read . Two of them. In the shadow of hoffa, Jack Goldsmith was george bushs office of legal counsel, the godson of chuck obrien the irishman and remember when ashcroft said signing of the paper does enough, the legal document Jack Goldsmith wrote, susan nieman wrote this book what we can learn from the holocaust. A study of what the germans did to integrate the holocaust to their culture and what we can do and havent done as relates to slavery. When it is good the book is phenomenal. There are parts of it it is a great book. Host leader you most admire, anyone, today i love clinton, my mother said i hate you all equally. I love president clinton and president obama. The greatest president we ever had was president lincoln, not even close in my view. The greatest leader i would probably have to say Martin Luther king. He proves, when you think about it if you read all the biographies, he is 35 years old and going mono mono with president s, against culture and doing it with civility and only the power of his mind and words. An incredible accomplishment. Best advice you ever received. Best advice was my fathers. You learn all the things you are never going to do and repeat them. He would say rabbi, a famous quote is who are you if you are not for yourself, who are you if youre only for yourself, and he says now that you are an adult, your quest for life is to answer the question. Worst advice you ever received . Worst advice i ever received . I dont my father. [laughter] going down to little rock, this guy is a schmuck. Host last one. Last one. Thats good. Guest little rock, nobody knows who this guy is. Host a motto that you live by. Guest a motto. This also comes from my family. If you believe in something you cant leave anything in the pocket. It all goes down and if you believe in something, you are all in. Host something that is true of you. Latest gentlemen, rahm emanuel. We have a surprise for you. There is a surprise. There is someone here you know. Tape. Someone human toward is here to say hi. Where is he . Where is he . [applause] host have a great night, thank you so much. [applause] weeknights we are featuring booktv programs showcasing what is available every weekend on cspan2. Tonight books on technology and innovation. We begin with john browns make, think, imagine ensuring the future of civilization followed by link, how decision intelligence connect data, actions and outcomes for a better world. Gary marcus on his book rebooting ai, building Artificial Intelligence we can trust. Booktv this week and every weekend on cspan2. If you miss any of our live coverage of the response the coronavirus outbreak watch at any time on cspan. 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We know the effect it is having on book fairs and large gatherings but is it also having an effect on bookstores and smaller businesses . Mitchell kaplan runs a chain of st