The trial issue room shifted the national conversation. In 2014 relative to today, the Democratic Front runner, china is a significant problem economically and in the International Security sense. The credit for changing the conversation goes largely to the 2016 election and donald trump. Host on the democratic stage only one candidate said he would take away china tariffs and most said they would vote for a street deal with nafta. If that is not a political realignment not sure what is. An interesting thing, we should one of the east economically disruptive are implemented to restore a more even balance of power to the capital and labor. Tight labor markets, labor naturally wants a buyers market in labor or a sellers market in labor and employees want to buy ors market so that is basic, from the 1820s until 1990s the labor market from and tended to be, more generous policies, the former Country Club Republicans have become the new postal democrats, the children or grandchildren have, youve seen that shift of the Employer Perspective but if you dont do anything else, if you have toys labor markets it is not simply immigration, and earlyretirement, anything that makes employers compete for workers can help their bargaining power. A substantial increase, and we have to restart productivity. It stagnated the past 20 or so years, that is a lack of innovation. I agree that i would add some more r d to get the economy in a position like it was in the 50s and 60s. These are well researched. Is incorporating the workingclass majority into western democracy not just attempt at saving capitalism as fdr carried out making marginal adjustments remain viable and if we redistribute power and money, does not make current winners and losers in current winners losers and not correct anything. I agree with that parallel but the christian democrats in germany, charles they gaulle in france, and having gone through war. Capital and labor is part of the project of national reconstruction, but there are marxist on the left and libertarians on the right. We could go back to that. People who benefit from them are privileged if they can preserve mental privileges by making strategic concessions to the workingclass. There is a story about joseph kennedy, financier, father of john f. Kennedy and bobby and ted kennedy who was asked why he supported Franklin Roosevelts new deal and i would give half my fortune to keep the other half. I agree with mike. Historically if you look at the postwar, postdepression call of society that engaged in corporatism or compromise, the uk and the United States if you look at societies they refuse to engage, and there is something pretty unpredictable about political instability. And one group is going to triumph because you typically even if they do it is not good for everybody. Another theme, the current revolution ongoing that includes social media and communication, talk about the cumulative impact, how you describe it in losing power and influence. The big tech and internet specifically. There is a radical difference in how media are used by the social classes, people on twitter are overwhelmingly collegeeducated people. The workingclass fits more information from oldfashioned television and podcasts. This is more than a first group from radio because they are in their cars, in their jobs. I wouldnt exaggerate the role of media that much because first with television and then the internet there is a tendency to think people are terribly malleable and can be mesmerized and hypnotized by the media. This is the basis of the russian Conspiracy Theory the russian meme is brainwashed African Americans into not voting for hillary and this other group into voting for trump. I remember in the 70s there was study that showed norman lears all in the family was supposed to promote liberal values but most people who watched it thought that archie was a hero, archie bunker, the whole point of the show is to make fun of the College Educated media. People can filter the media. I may be more conspiratorial, worried about the modern it. When i go to a restaurant with my family and i see half of the tables, all the kids staring at their devices and parent staring at their devices they are not speaking to each other and recognize fundamentally the modern it Business Model is built on what others have called information arbitrage. Every second used error the device as opposed to reading a book or communicating with your family is a dollar of revenue they make and they make devices that make you stare at those things as long as possible and i think there is something very disturbing about the way it captures our attention it makes us less productive. I talk to a lot of entrepreneurs who are worried about the effect on productivity in the workforce, people working 8 or 9 hours but only actually working for 5 hours because they are so absorbed in their devices. I worry about this. I think one way of taking power from the working middle class is to hypnotize them. I dont think that is what we are doing but is probably true or then treating cell phones as tv or some other electronic innovation. It is not education, education is the crosscutting that transcends charity interests. How would we define some Equitable Society which doesnt share the same level of education . It depends if the education is useful to people. Arguably americans are overeducated in as much as different studies show 10 or 15 of jobs being done by people with be as do not require anything more than a high school education. If anything it is worse for society to have this sense of disconnect between their highfalutin degrees, their perfectly respectable workingclass jobs but they feel they are degraded because it is not the income they expected, the status they expected. In terms of there is a version of progressivism that says professionals make more money, make everyone a professional and everyone will make more money. If you do that, it becomes like a High School Diploma or a ged and you get a society of don quixotes. He was a had dog oh, and aristocrat with no money. I am pretty skeptical our Education System works very well. There is always a debate whether elite education is primarily signaling or capital development, we want to test the most powerful advocates, and tell the student endangers, or alumni that we should triple or quadruple the average size. Developing human capital, and deflates the value, the exclusiveness, so much of what we are doing with modern education is social signaling. If we dont get out of that trap, spending so much money, we are screwed. On that optimistic note, a very optimistic evening, thank you all. [applause] [inaudible conversations] weeknights this week, we are featuring booktv programs showcasing what is available every weekend on cspan2. Tonight, books on the middle east. First Michael Ruben talks about the instability in the middle east and where us actions against iran may lead. Then the decades long rivalry between iran and saudi arabia. After that, a retired Career Foreign Service officer who served in the middle east for 25 years talks about us policy in the region of the confrontation between the us and iran. Watch booktv every weekend on cspan2