Perhaps and a bug of our healthing age, but i think this attitude often fails to promote a sense of independence in kids. Not only do they not know how to walk down the street by themselves but theyre also pretty much incapable of entertaining themselves without a device in hand. So for reasons both selfish, patients need a break, and selfless, we know this is an important life skill for. The, i think the Current Situation is pretty untenable. Our kid have trouble with any kind of unstructured activity but reading for pleasure is perhaps the activity that i think has suffered the most. According to a recent analysis of the American Time use study, the share of americans who read for pleasure has actually fallen by more than 30 since 2004. So if there is a way to reverse this trend, i think it will have to start with our children, and i can think of no one who can help us better to learn how to share the joy of reading with children than pamela. Before rising to her current position she was the Childrens Book editor at the New York Times, she has three children herself. And she is also the author of six books and the host of the book review podcast. After pamela talks about he research and book well have a conversation and then well open it up to questions from the audience. So with that ill turn it over to pamela. Thank you. Thanks so much. Thank you for having me. I will start by telling a story that kind of runs against my instincts and temper little. A kind of boastful story about my kids and im more of the type that generally relates something terrible and embarrassing that my kid he have done but im telling it for a reason. This is something that happened my last time in d. C. , i came down for the National Book festival over labor day weekend, to help launch this book, how to raise a reader, and took the train down with my three kids and my husband, and we were on the train, and we get seated separately. So they were kind of scattered around but we were passing things to, the snacks and whatnot. It was clear they were mine but as i gets to up lead the train and was gathering mill family there was an older couple behind me and the man stopped me and said, excuse me, are those your children . Usually that kind of fills me we fear. Oh, no. What have they done i said, yes. A little bit tentatively. He said, i just have to say that i am so heartened to see that they were all reading their whole way down here and they were reading actual books. So i kind of thought, okay. Then his wife chimed in and said, i was just reading the most interesting article in the New York Times about this very subject. And she pointed to a piece that when you have a book coming out you write a piece to launch it and this is my piece for the oped section of the time called no gold star for reading. About not rewarding reading, that reading is a reward and that in fact to reward read is counterproductive. And so i couldnt resist. It was my kind of dish have marshal mccloughan right here moment and i said i actually wrote that piece, so it is in fact true, my kids are all readers. Theyre now 10, 13 and 14. But the reason i tell that story is not especially to show off but because i wanted to relay what i think naomi alluded to which is that people are really panicked about kids reading. Theyre freaked out. And i think the reason why people are so afraid of kids reading is because not only the value of books but what it signifies for themselves and for our culture and for society. For themselves, for kids themselves issue think that it is unquestioned at this point that reading is important. Theres a lot of research around it. We know that reading is important to cognitive development. We know that it is tied to academic success. We also have research enough that shows that reading improves executive function, that its closely tied to a childs social and emotional development, and my personal opinion is that is also just makes us better human beings, and so now people are very eager to have their kids become readers. This really wasnt the case, i want to say in the 70s and 80s when i was coming of age. No one trotted out their okayed and said shes such a reader you think but the word book worm, its not a massive commit. People were nor cleaned to show a gymnast or violin player. But now people really do want their kids to be readers. There are reading contests and efforts on the local level to get kids to read, and yet as naomi suggested, the research isnt necessarily that strongly supporting the fact its succeeded. So, i will talk about how i came to write this book and then some of the findings. So, this book started off as a Digital Guide for the New York Times when i was demoted as my kids see it from chirps book editor to editor of the book review in 2013 and hired a new Childrens Book editor, maria rules rousseau, i was asked to create a guide for the website. We had done guides on things like how to meditate, a guide that is rate self times even though i have not tried to meditate and they said what kind of guide can we do for reading and books, and to me this was the obvious answer. How to raise a reader. Its something i always wented to do some something in my position as Childrens Books editor and a parent of have to kids i knew that many parents wanted to. Do so marie and i get together, created a Digital Guide, and it went online, and it went viral as they say, and the questions and comments from parents flowed in and one of the most common was, lou toy turn the into a book. You think a guide about how to rates a read sheer be a back and thats we did was to expand on the research that we had done and the advice we had, and the recommendations for books. So we had for kids. So we turned it into a book in short order. When i was a Childrens Book editor and even ongoing in this job now, i got a lot of questions from parents and a lot of what we wanted to do in the book was to address those questions. The questions can be very basic, a lot of times parents just come to me and say, my kid is into puppies but not sad stories and he likes graphic novels and doesnt like losts of texts and hates photographs. What should he read so very specific questions to suggests and then the bigger exsend shall questions like what die dive my kid doesnt like to read or when should my kid start reading or my child residents Kindergarten Teacher says hi child is two levels hip where he is supposed to be and i dont know what to do about. I then once kid learn to read, they worry about what if my child isnt choosing to read, not read enough, says that reading is boring, what if she only wants to read graphic novels, what if if since she got instagram she doesnt want to do nigglings. So, what we perceived in these questions was that there are a lot of myths out there around reading, about what makes a reader, what ah, yes, ill move to the side shortly. But ill talk about some of those myths. And ill do it with a visual aid. Fir myth. Nothing is as important to raising a reader as reading aloud to your child. This is the thing that Everybody Knows that they are supposed to do, and in fact it is true, you should read aloud to your child and there are a lot of ways in which you sort of dos and donts around how to read aloud to a child. Another thing statistic that is just as powerful as reading aloud to your child is the number of books in your home. This is really important. Its not necessarily immediately obvious, but its not tied to income or education level. So this isnt just something that people who have a lot of money and therefore lots of books in their home have an advantage. This i something that anyone can do because as will our know, used books are incontracted by easy to acquire online and can go to the library. What is interesting is that when you have books in your home, youre saying something about your family, about your family culture, which is that reading is prized. And its also very hard and im sure anyone here who has children knows that one of the most annoying things to hear from a child is, im bored. Its really hard to be poured if there are constantly books around you. And books not only in the library in the home but books for each child if they dont have their own room, become shelf in a shared room. Kid like to collect, like to own things. They should have a place for their own books they manage on their own but books should also be throughout the house. Books should be in the parlor, where television is, the excite. Should be in the kitchen where cookbooks can be and other book about food, in the bathroom where everyones to a lot of leading if theyre not on the ipad. Obviously. The former is better then latter. So its really important to keep books in the home to show that beaks are something that matters to you and to give kids the opportunity to read. If you dont own the books and you go to the library and take out 20 or 30 books a week, maimed sure you have constant rotating cast of books and the other thing to remember is kids dont always know what they want to read. Theyre still developing book that arent subject they might not be familiar with to always allow them to opportunity to turn to a book. Another myth. This earlier a child learns to read the better reader he will with for life april. Myth thats easy to believe because all paints thinks in term of developmental milestones. I its natural to think the earlier the die something the better theyll be but the analogy is shoe laces if a child leaderships to tie her shoe laces at the age of 4 its not going to make her a better shoe lace tire at the age of 202 and the same thing guess for reading. The age your child learns to read is not related to future reading or cognitive ability. This is something that many countries in europe know very well. Germany, scandinavian countries dont begin teach to go reading until age seven or eight because the research sorts it. Kids brains arent necessarily all able to da the kind of complicate decoding that reading requires. And that moreover if you do start to teach reading at a very early age, threat or for our five when a children isnt ready they become frustrate, become annoyed, they have negative feelings soed with raving and think is is something im not good at. And it leads to a lot of many years of anxiety and frustration that dont correlate well with a child that says this is something i want to do with my free time. So, there is zero correlation. I can say even just from personal experience with three kid, the one who is reading the latest is the most ambitious and voracious reader of the three. Theres another myth. Reading the same book over and over means your child is stuck i. Cant tell you the number officer parents who first it was harry potter the guilty thing, my kid will not stop reading harry potter. She doesnt want to read anything our now. Enough its dog man. The terrific graphic novels. If have reeye sures, theyre a lot oft got to reading over and over and theres a rope that kids do it, and it changes for every age but its true for adults. With babies and toddlers they benefit from you reading the books over and over again. They learn to recognize the words. Word recognition is a big part of reading. They learn to enemy rise the text. If your child has memorized board books goeses to always having books around when you good out and you runner rans you talk in board books into your bag so when you end in the moment that happens to all parents where your kid bored and waiting around, whether its on the line to the Grocery Store or aft a doctors office, rather than do the easy thing and pull out a phone and hand it to your child you take a board book and even if youre occupied, if they me. Rised that book they can read it to themselves and then again, that builds confidence and a feeling that i am a reader from the very early age. And then older children benefit emotionally and cognitively from rereading books fork kidses and i say this from personal experience, having been a bookish child myself, when you read the characters become your friends. Theyre your social life. These are people youre familiar with. The worlds they live in whether theyre realistic or fantastickiccal, places your want to be. Theyre comfort zone s, places for fantasy and also for a feeling of belonging. And so its good for kids to reread and i think as any adult knows when you reread a back as an document you get Something Different from it each time. Of are you reread a book at 40 you actually have experienced some of that yourself. Parenthood and loss and the passing of generations. You might not have appreciated when you were 25, and you get more out of it. If you think but a child who is developing at every moment, what they read six months from now if they reread something the raved it in a different way. Get more out of that story, see knew things in it because they are not only getting to know it better and are in a different place themselves so its really good for kids to reread and not worry that theyre stuck. Tooting my. Parents should work with their children starting in preschool to teach them how to read and help them progress year by year. This feels like an obvious. Of course because we hear parent vomiter and support or childs education and all of that is true. But school is where children learn to read. Home is where children learn to love to read and that is a very different job for parents. If you think about trying to get your kids to do something, to get to the maybe janiks to learn how to do something, thats very different from getting your child want to do something to choose to do something to enjoy something. And so if youre child is struggling, to learn how to read in school, the last thing that he is going want to do is have the experience replicated at home. If he is feeling bad about the fact he is in group x and everyone else in his class is in group n and then youre forcing him to go through those leveled read evidence at home that again is sort of its continuing what might be a negative experience. So, while he is struggling to learn how to read at school, trust your teacher to do that job, and if you have doubts, you, always consult your reading specialist. What your josh as parent to do is offset if thats a negative experience, make sure that back are something that are pleasurable that its pleasure, not pressure in your home, when you with your child at night, rather than have him read and struggle through the bob books or early leveled readers, trying to pronounce and sort of connect the dots in phonics, you can read a lot of picture book to them, and when one thing that is very important will get to this in the next one children enjoy books in many different waits at the same time. Ill get to that. First i just want to talk but harry potter. People thing that one over milestones now of childhood is reading harry potter aloud to your kids. This i not your job. Not your parent the parents job. No a number of reasons. No everyone loves harry potter. A lot of kids dont like fantasy but jr rowling rote rote the writer backs for age 12 and the last ones for from 12 and up. She dvded to grow the series with her reader as she what riteing realtime in theres a turning point in book 4 where one over main characters, cedrick no spoiler here dires and that is a very traumatizing thing for some children to process, and that is the transition from Childrens Books to young adult books, and not every child is ready for it when my kids were little everyone what showing off miskid read all seven harry potter in considering and that was the big thing that people wanted to show off about so if your kid wasnt there yet, what diparents do . Hey read it aloud to make sure their kids didnt feel like they were being left behind but but harry potter this he dessert. You do not have to feet harry potter to your kids. Thats a goal for. The, bed reading being the reward. I your child wants to read harry potter wait until she is ready to read the books and then let her read them herself. Thats the motivator for him. There are a lot of series that are really not great reading for parents. And i dont know how many parents of Young Children there are but if youre a parent of girls, you probably know rainbow fair riz. A great series for kid and terrible for adults. Theyre written by a nonperson named daisied inows who doesnt exist, and with girls who four, five, six, seven, eight, love them. They are torture for a parent to read aloud. The magic treehouse, similar. Huge long series, kids love them. Most parents have to read them aloud want to kill themselves after the fourth book because they all start with the same prologue. Im not saying anything bad. They serve a function. And the function they serve is that kids love them. And so they want to read in order to read this book. Those are not books you need to read aloud to kids. And then this gets to the point which is once theyre reading on their own, move on from picture books. Not true. Picture books should stay in the picture all throughout childhood andon. Picture books theyve their own beauty and own function and if people didnt like looking at picture well interest adulthood there would be no instagram. So, what picture books allow for a child to do is to appreciate a richer vocabulary to be able to absorb artwork and visuals to understand how to read pictures are, to follow the sequence of events through the art of verbal story telling and if your child is working on a book at school that pat and the cat sat on the mat. Chances are his or her brain is well beyond that in terms of what they are interesting in with story telling, and if you say, oh, as soon as youre reading this book on your own i wont read anymore to you, youre essentially punishing them for becoming an independent reader and for men kid especially if theyve green up in a home where reading aloud to your child is a cherished family habit and pleasure, to sort of pull out from underneath them at the moment theyre reading on their own is punitive. And moreover, it denies them the opportunity to enjoy books that have a richer vocabulary that are more visually interesting to them than the kind of early readers theyre getting at the at school. Is a you should continue to read aloud nonpicture bookers to them but if youre raving the hob built allow loud or little house on the prairie, whatever the series to continue to do that because kids are like adults. They enjoy story telling in all of its sort of various ways, and just like to raved, domestic thriller or spy novel. Like to listen to books on audio. So we all like to enjoy books of different kinds at any given moment and kids are the same way. Thats children poock the best Childrens Books their classics, this is kind of a myth there are great classic books for kids and if you look at the sales of Childrens Books in this country, you will find that the books that continue to outsell all of the new books in the aggregate are the classics. Theres a reason why and its because when all of us become new parents under grandparents, we think, i cant wait to share blueberries for sal or doctor suess or whatever my own cherished favorites are fromchild and nothing wrong with that but the reason people go back to that is because they dont know that whole world out there, and we are really living in a new golden age for Childrens Books and i i dont just say that because i work at the book review and i didnt just say that as Childrens Book editor. I was so shocked by how good Childrens Books have become when i was the Childrens Books editor that i asked at the time i was not the editor over book review i asked for more pages when i got more pages there were still more book that deserved attention and i continued to write. I started writing one Online Review a week, 52 additional books just to be able to cover a small sliver of the greatness thats out there and the books have improved at every age and in every format. So even with Something Like board books that kids can chew on, theyre now available in other formatscalled inindestructable, del at bray created to go in the bathtub, and they are also because of the production has improved so much, a lot of the done in china and the ways in which the books can be creative i have improved. Cutouts used to we you would have abridge a picture book to adapt it into a board book format because the board book couldnt hold as many pages and now theyve improved the production to the point where they dont have to abridge picture books and theyre better than ever. With picture books i cannot even describe to you, its such a shame that the book review has to be printed on news print because the glorious illustration some the quality of the stories is truly phenomenal. I have to say also that the diversity of the Childrens Books in terms of the kinds of experiences and the children who are depicted in their pages has improved enormously. They reflect the reality of our world today. You cannot publish a picture book today with all white faces and thats good not only for children of color to see themselves reflected in the pages of the books they read but its also good for children who are white and who do not necessarily encounter those experiences in their everyday life because they will. Thats the world theyre coming into. And books i think are one of the most powerful paths temperatures fostering empathy. A way in which we can see through other people residents eyes. We can see their stories weapon can learn other experiences and thats something of how with picture books all children can do. Also much more global so that we have incredible childrens picture books coming from europe, from latin america, now starting more and here from asia, china, does not did not have a tradition of picture books and enough started and theyre producing really incredible work, and all of hat is coming over here so its a world theyre opening up to your kids. In terms of nonfiction, Childrens Books have gotten incredible. When i was a kid i was on sed with biography and there was a wall the Childrens Library of biography and i would go of fa best cal looking for the girls go from Abigail Adams to clara barton and dolly mad sis mid disson. But now there are childrens biographies of everybody that you can imagine. From artists, to entrepreneurs, to writers, to politicians, to public service, people who have excelled in public service, sports heros, across the spectrum and theyre highly illustrate beautifully produced and run from really very quite young, a lot of board books, hero books for very Young Children, going up through picture books for older kids, kid who are more visual readers who appreciate seeing rich photograph and y see photography because of the lowered printing costs and the production in asia its just gotten much bet sore that a book of photographs that used to be unaffordable for most kids in the 70s or 80s, now are you have places Like National geographic producing incredible photography books for kids and then a lot of bookses that in terms of middle grade that reflect the world in which kids are living now. Another category i want to talk about is young adult book. When i was a kid young adult didnt exist you wasnt from sweet valley high and then leap frog into Sidney Shelton and flowers in the attic which is insist. There were no books for teenagers and now theres a whole category that has arisen of books for teenagers that in all their incarnations really reflect kids experiences and desires and the way in which the writers work is remarkable because they know what theyre up against. Theyre up against ticktock, theyre up against fortnite. Theyre up against instagram and so these writers go for your heart strings. I you as an adult have not reason the fault in our stars, which is i think most people know two cancer parents who until a love and dont cry. You do not have a heart. These books tap into the immediacy and the intensity of adolescent emotion in a way that books didnt do at all when i was growing um thing in term of fantasy, these are plotty, very mott terrific book because the writer know if they dont grab you by page two they lost you to internet or hulu or netflix or amazon. What does a parent do to raise a read center ill run through the quick tips. Ive covered some of them here. Just to give you some sort of big ideas and then very specific things to do. So, reading should be fun. It should not be a chore. Reading is a pleasure. We have the abbreviated version. Many tips for all of these but what i want to say quick live about reading should be fun, is that youre not their teach sore dont treat reading in a home like a chore. Treat it like something that is special. And i will give you just one example, practical tip we used in my home. Which is that we told our kids when they were greg up that theyre still greg up now 1013, 14, so they have a was to go but when they were younger we would set a breadtime, 6 00 and then say if you want to stay up in bed quietly reading you can stay up until 7 30. So what that tells them is that reading is a privilege, reading something you get to do because youre older, and when 7 30 comes along they dont say,ening i say up late. They say ick just finish the chapter, this page. Im almost done with the book so you are training them in a way to want to read. To view reading in that positive light. Another big idea, that everyone learns to read. Again, everyone learns to read you are not there as their task haventer. The more theyre reading at home, the more that will help them read at school. I had plugged over many words as i was reading to my kids at the end workday. Kids appreciate that adults make also. Are important when youre at the family table for dinner you can talk about the books you are reading not just what you are Binge Watching on netflix. You can show off your own reading. Its a very strong message to kids when they say im really into my book. I would rather finish what i am reading. Its also really important to set rules around your home you follow that yourself. I know it can be very hard for adults. Sending a really mixed methods. Its message. Its important for parents of this also. One thing i love and we have a whole area in the book on this is ways to incorporate books as part of your family culture. I think frankly most parents would welcome this. Give them a book. Suddenly inscribe it to them. Create a library of books. That is just the books they got from grandma and grandpa that becomes their library from zero onward. Inscribe books to your kids. Teach them to treat them with respect. Show them how books are made. Allow them to see the process. When i was at the National Book festival i was really worried because they have this one big room for the greatest authors and they were the speaker. The full house. One of the other people who is good to be in that room was gonna tell them. Popular graphic novelist. The latest book which deals with childrens anxiety. Number one on hit number one on amazon before it came out. A huge success with gifts. One of the things they did in that session was to slow us dash show a slight show. The kids were wrapped that process would look like. Let your child take charge. You want to make sure that your child can maintain control over their own bookshelf. Dont judge what they are reading. Even if that is what you are a secretly thinking. Allow them to feel your enthusiasm and support and respect for their own choices. I will end with image actually the bookshelf of one of my coauthors. He has arranged very deliberately according to his own interest and she is not allowed to touch them. It should be. Thank you so much. Great. You can find many more tips in the book and what i like as a parent is a lot of the book has recommendations for your role as a book concierge if your child is obsessed with harry potter they might also like this. I wanted to talk about maybe just a couple of minutes on the question of the competing things. Our kids dont have a lot of free time so it feels very difficult to kind of set aside reading time because there is so many other times. On how you sort of create that time in your home and make that a priority for kids when it seems like Everything Else comes first. Is a challenge for everyone. Then there is all the distractions many of them on screens that tug at our childrens time and attention. I stress them doing that. Ultimately a lot of this to come back down to their choice particularly as they get older and thats when you start to see a lot of fall out. The messaging that we as parents at schools send as kids is really important. You look at childrens libraries and schools and libraries will be incredibly rich and income middle school they are turned into Media Centers of the books are being stripped out. I think its a mistake. Were trying to encourage enthusiasm. I dont think of it as carving out a time for reading. I think its always time to read a book. And my kids are shoving it into the next and crannies of little moments that they head in between Everything Else. And honestly is ideally what you want to send any creates this idea of a task of something that has to be done. I urge parents to really think about this. At the same manipulative way. That they think about violin practice. I like the pros to reward smith. Ultimately it is going to be that choice from an early eight early i would have for example a time that youre reading to them before bed. They have that practice is also especially good for kids to wind down to a book and to stay off the screens. You also want to make sure that they are reading in the morning when they wake up. When you are going on vacation as a family we are not buying books on this trip. Opposite problem. Clearly spoiled them and them. Usually walk out of the bookstore with quite a big bill. We are not buying souvenirs but we will always get you books from another country. We will make sure that we go to a book store. That kind of thing when that becomes part of what your family does. There are ways in which to arrange time around that. Did your kid need a battery pack. Maybe let it run out of battery. Sure someone make sure someone bring a book with them every time they leave the house. I think ideally you dont want to have a set time for reading. They are looking for that time. I also encourage my kids to read Children Book reviews. They actually read the wall street journal. So they can tell me if there is a book that is interested in. I must be a professional book reviewer. In moments where i out like they didnt know what to read. What have you pick the one that you want to choose. And then get a review i have a professional i would bring home a bunch of books from work. So i know if we should cover them or not. Who is your Favorite Book illustrator. Is a very difficult one. I have so many its really hard to choose i will just mention the one person who is really versatile illustrator and he is also a comic book artist. It is about that child of jane goodall and how she grew up in incorporate drives from her own notebooks as a child. She grew up observing the world around her and how that led her to become a scientist. With a photograph of her reaching out to the baby chimpanzee. I cry every time i get to that final spread but what i think is so beautiful its for very Young Children and it really gets to the way in which children think about the world around them. What i also think is really beautiful about that book. Its very offscreen. He does incredibly funny books. The perfectly messed up story. Kind of wandering along and is told in a very nice upbeat way. Were having a really wonderful day. He was going along and everything was sunny and bright and all the sudden a blob of jelly lab lands on the page. Kids love that story. I think for any kind of reluctant reader there was a lot of the concern about boys reading. I can understand why. But not a lot of boys are in the statistics are alarming. I really respond will to any book that makes a kid laugh. It seems paradoxical that we are experiencing fewer and fewer kids want to read for pleasure. There seems to be so much out there for them. What you think is behind this. Let me talk about the boys for one second. When you look around statistics boys into reading and this will come around to answer your question always read far less than girls. They are less likely National Surveys to say that reading is a favorite activity for them. They read fewer books over the summer. There is two other things that we know from National Surveys. Are less likely to see their fathers reading than their mothers reading. Its a really important. They are less likely to read to their sons meant to to their daughters. One of the things that the people have observed and there is a lot more books some kids are more connecticut leaders. My kids cant sit still. There are popup books. Im not talking about electronics. They will allow kids to sort of get in there. If you want to see what is in the picture they will come back. They are also had graphic novels. When i talk about the National Geographic books. Those are books. Talking about now. Dont judge them. Those are just comics. Many of us and we asked them this question in the time by the book. Many great novelists grew up reading superhero comics. Everyone can still enjoy those books and grow to appreciate that. There are a lot more books out there. You might look down looked down at dog man and i did before i looked into them. I look up to those books. They are doing something really incredible. Our getting kids to read probably otherwise wouldnt read. They loved those books. I think there is a recognition and a catering to greater variety of readers. That newish category. They have gotten more into that why a category now. For even kids heart who are the target of it. What makes the book the why a book. And how we can figure out maybe we need to why a categories or Something Like that. I think a lot about whats appropriate and inappropriate. I allow them to breathe and appropriate books. If youre trying to get kids to read a book theres nothing to induce it. If you really want your teenager to read a book tell them that you cant. My kids have done it all and i can share that. Would you rather read in a book and rewritten written again to care to the academic. The book experience allows them to process it. They are much more likely to have the nightmare about the movie. That is just talking about the culture of the reader. Remember kids of all ages. Often find it here to talk about the default situation or emotion when it is its not about them. Its not. They can talk about that life there is a character in this book thats cutting themselves and i dont know what that means. I remember a nerve wrecking moment. She came downstairs to set what is this word mean. I did not know we are to have that conversation yet. My son reads books about sports figures. The drug conversation. It comes up quite frequently. The reason why it was in that book was because a character the character in that book have a sister who is an opioid attic. That is an issue that affects a lot of the usually powerful to see something that might be upsetting or disturbing to them. Again, i think i would rather learn about it there than somewhere else. That shes back in a come to me necessarily and say what is this. If a book is something they know they talk to you about that is what your family does. And they will actually come to a parent and ask. I know you suggested that reading should not be competitive. We use competition as a way for that to happen among siblings. Who can read the most books or whatever it is. I was wondering why you think that was particularly well harmful in the context of reading. Its a little a little bit about extrinsic reward. And not much out into into the reward. Like this one more or that one. Theyre also very really. Theres no competition in the way. She also over a history she was given the book far from the tree. My middle child classic anything that has is very feel. What was interesting with him also was that he would read books he came back anything you know what this one has not aged very well. There is a lot of racist up in here. Some people will say then dont give your kids that. I think many kids can handle it. You know your child fast. My younger child likes to read encyclopedias. They are all really different. What you dont want to have is like say im just not a reader. To say no because youre reading your reading all of these different kind of books. Maybe she is reading the long novels. We have that each kid has different tastes. Sometimes they have over whether the other sibling light like that kind of. Again another way to empower your kids as each of my kids has weeded books out of their room. You have to go through them and i ask them weed out your books which one do you think should go to this kid and actually really love the process and the older brother or sister and i know the younger one better and im going to give him the. Then i think it fosters an atmosphere around it. Please join me and thinking him all paul and joining us this morning. Now on cspan two book tv more television for serious readers audrey is the author of this new book power to the people. She is also the founding director for security and new technology of university. How is it affecting violence. The growth of interrelated technology is used together everything from 3d printing to the internet. All of these things can be used together that is something that is actually in the second and third wave of innovation but is not completely unprecedented. If you look back at what happened at the end of the 19th century there is less to learn with what happened in that. Understand better how we can deal more effectively with these technologies today. How would you be able to curtail the innovation. With the public getting a hold about lysing that information. In the 19th century there was different approaches in different things. Was rather different. Spread with no kind of regulation whatsoever. And the types of things that happened that they were selfregulating. You also had the Railroad Companies it was that that led to the increase in innovative use of different types of the process. Different according to different cultures in the world. Are we looking at more propaganda and what we looked at eight to ten or 20 years ago . Reporter propaganda is no longer pink. When you have a major attack lets not even talk about terrorism lets talk about Mass Shootings had a mass shooting is carried out and then fred throughout media those traditional prospective media the dark web and other types of immediate live streaming. Youre not able to control whats happening. And the connection between the Legal Technology in the spreading of the ideas with additional attacks is undeniable. What you think the private companies over the public and thinking of twitter or facebook. We need to make decisions in the Public Interest. If theyre not concerned about the Public Interest they will not increase their bottom line. Is what that they say that their mission is. Both private companies as well as the u. S. Government needs to think more clearly as about what is in the interests of citizens and what the price we of have to pay in the 20th century. What are your thoughts on this company doesnt have to that political ads. The responsibility that he has as an owner and operator of one of the major platforms that has an enormous influence along the world. He has to take responsibility for anything that appears on that platform. I think ultimately there are different decisions that had to be made about different kinds of communication until there is a clear recommendation that is not the First Amendment question but a question about peoples lives until we recognize the broad implications we will not come up with good answers for facebook or other kinds kind of questions. The actors are much further. Thats always been the case. Everybody is focused on the fight between china and the united states. Innovations that this country is very important. But they are usually two or three innovations behind what happens nonetheless what they can do is Leverage Technology in ways that states have to react to. The two are not separated from each other. We focused at all on the broader picture. Curious about 3d printers. The First Amendment rights that the First Amendment rights that its actually a relatively Old Technology the ability to get the digital file and to spread them without any kind of control or at least very few controls. Most people who had access to a 3d printer do not have a very advanced version of one. Is difficult to make effective firearms using a 3d printer because you have that advanced technology that you would. So the building of firearms is more dangerous than the person doesnt the society at large of a gun to carry out intimidation and also bring about political effects. And thats very dangerous. Controlling the files that are spread between people are important. In regards to terrorist actions looking back now. If they were to happen now how would your advisement change how has our world changed in the opening of social media and cell phones and our full identity being on our person at all times. We have a tendency to go and the huge swings. For alarmism. Those are both very dangerous so all we have to do especially if there is a major attack we have to be prepared with solutions that are able to fill a midway comes to all of the technology. On the best way to prepare for that is the that policy solutions that are out there. To have good advice to congressman to build solutions within our government but also had actors that are involved in the Public Interest. That is the stuff we dont know. The public. What is out there that scares you that i dont know about. For a public interview like this i probably wouldnt answer that question. Answer that question