Transcripts For CSPAN2 U.S. Space Commander Remarks On Space Force Development 20240713

Good morning, everyone. I am kathleen hicks. I direct the program here. It is my pleasure to welcome you to this event today. Commander of u. S. Space command and air force base in colorado. We are so lucky to have him joining us for a public conversation with Todd Harrison who directs our airspace security. I almost gave you my job. General raymond willau speak fit and then they will have a moderated conversation followed by audience q and day. Very few things that can be considered bipartisan in nature in washington. The concern over space and space threats are one of those. I hope you will join me in welcoming him. [applause] thank you. I greatly appreciate the invitation. More importantly, thank you for your leadership and wise counsel. I always enjoy coming c here. I had to apologize to the team because i always get more out of these engagements then i give. And i continue to work on. About three years ago, a little over three years ago, right before he took the commander position. Since i past held a dinner they held a dinner series and doctor hosted a dinner series where we brought folks in to talk about the challenges in space. I marvel and as i was preparingg for these marks i marveled at what the folks that were in that dinner thing today because we have made a ton of progress and a ton of progress. We have really put the accelerator down and have made great gains. There is still a ton ofe work to do but as i reflect on those conversations and i look at where we are today with the events we have made it is significant and i think the thing that is driving is one simple sentence. Theres 11 words in the sentence. Space is a war fighting to maine just like air, land and sea. It used to be you cannot say that in public space and war fighting in s the same sentence for u. S. Wanted to keep the space domain safe and that is still our goal to deter any conflict from beginning or extending into space but we did not say that public aid. Now every speech i give high say and usually right up front. It rolls off our lips really easily. The invocations are significant and the indication has been driving my battle rhythm for the last three years as we have pretty much changed everything that how we operate in the air force Space Command and that is driving how we build and stand up usbased commanded that is or will be the focus of brief remarks of front and then i really would like to get to book una and dialogue. Its a great opportunity for me to talk about the newest comma command, 11 combat and command under the Space Command for u. S. Space command is more than a command focused on space but is about helping the department get its arms around global integration. If you look at the nationaleg Defense Strategy and global challenges we face we are intimately involved in those conversations. We are the best in the world at space bar b o in august a ceremt at the white house in the rose garden we got better. We stood up this command and this commandnd is singularly focused on the Space Command. That alone provides pretty significant demands but become to work everyday and is not my tertiary or secondary job but my primary job did we come to work everyday focused on this domain providing advantage in about a year ago in august of last year i was told theres a potential that we will stand up at command command and its lease will start planning. K took five people on a tty san antonio, texas walk and by people in the room and said okay, we have to plan this command. In the evenings when i got done with the work there was another reason and i would huddle with the team and and here is how we would build this command opportunity. Its fascinating for me to be given the opportunity to begin planning and to plan that command and stand it up and get it going and lead it is a great highlight of my career. We started with those five and had brought that plan back to peterson and set up a tiger team of about ten people. And for the next year we would plan that command and its pretty unprecedented. If you look at doing all this and one year from planning to standing up in the years its a pretty heroic look. Im proud of that team. Today we are about 400 and over the next couple of months i o think the numbers will raise up to about 500 and headquarters. Many of you know that we had a u. S. Space command back in 19852002. Some might say why did we bring it back or what is different about this command compared to the one that stood down in 2002i as i said in the ceremony that we had it we recognize the establishment of the Space Command and this is a different command custombuilt for a different day and it is purpose built. G it is purpose built to get after the national Defense Strategyde and purpose built for the strategic environment that we face today. If you look at the missions that the president signed in the unified command plan and assigned to meet the commander of u. S. Space command and has a much sharper focus on protecting and defending satellites and not just u. S. Satellites but the u. S. Military satellites. His partner or ally or commercial satellitey is a much sharper focus on offense and defense. Probably the biggest thing is that its a geographic combatant command with an ao arbor spaceman [inaudible] do not have an ao rfid it provided Space Capabilities around the globe and we still do that today but to strengthen that view that space is a war fighting domain as a geographic combatant command within ao are that is 100 kilometers above the earths surface and higher. Thats a big ao are. Really big ao are. Ft to get after that protect and defend peace we custombuilt the command and we stood up a joyce joint task force in the first time we had an operational level component focused on that protect and defend mission. Thats been very helpful. As we are a geographic combatant command we are planning to have integrated planning elements that will embed in all the combatant commands to help us stay connected with those commands. Again, that is purpose built because the challenges we facege in the future will be global challenges and will require all combatant commands working together. On we have a stronger connection with ourur allied partners and have made great, Great Strides over the last few years but im proud of where we are when we stood up to command again, purpose built a combined Space Force Component and before i was a combat commander of a joint space and when we stood the stop we made it a combined commandment we operated off of the same order out of the same c2 and that will provide huge advantage to the folks for us and our partners. We also have additional authorities. Space policy directorol mandated will be come back with authorities usbased command me to do those missions sweep of those together very helpful those will be approved here in the very near term. Again, ties to our partners but there are several partners idus like to focus on but one is our joint war fighting partners. Again, as our national Defense Strategy states the challengesng we will face in the future will be global challenges. Talent and the pacific is not just [inaudible] but that will require all the combatant commands to be handle those challenges. Im convinced in the future if we were to get into conflict with a competitor we will have to fight for space seniority. Thats a joint war fighting challenge that will require other combatant commands to be supportive of meth and our u. S. Police plan. Aour partnership with our allis have talked about this and over the last of years we have increased the training opportunities with our alliesas and we had exercised with our allies into wargames with our allies and we stood up a combined Space Operation and we now turn the joint for Space Component command into a combined base force command and i see great, by the way, rate hosted payloads with allied partners and allied japan putting a host of payload on the satellite and doing partnerships with norway as well. As examples, we also have a close relationship with inter agency and our relationship was intelligence and community has never been better but our relationship between us and them is at an alltime high. We have a standard shared strategy and a shared concept of operation and we managed c2 center of the National Space Defense Center and i will tell you its because ive given over the last couple oft years we hae preschool to about this grade and we spent a handful of hours a week or so ago and i will tell you im changing that. We have made some really significant gains based on the datasharing that we were able to do based on having Situational Awareness tools and we have made Great Strides. And our partnerships with commercialer industry. I see this as a big growth area Going Forward. We have commercial Integration Cell combined Space Operations center and i see great steps ahead and be able to leverage this and i talked about this and say this is a bad term to use but this explosion in commercial space and theres great opportunities and so if we built this command we are loading it to meet the national Defense Strategy and if you look at the national Defense Strategy and the priorities of the strategy, rebuilding the and reforming the apartment those are all things that usbased command ties intot our priorities for the command are five and we laid out five priorities first, we will transitionin space or fighting response woollies for u. S. Strategic command to usbased command in full and weve done that or did that starting 29 in august and so we are response will for Space Operations and wa do that day today. I tell you notas only have we nt missed a beat but weve enhanced the game. We are leading this and going to full Operational Capability and moving out with a sense of b urgency to do that. We are already doingre operatio. One of the thingsdy are the requirements in a component doesnt have a requirement function and combatant commandos who sewer building out a requirements team. I will tell you may be one of the most important things that we do early on is to rebuild that intelligent function that atrophied once the usbased command stood down and 2002 went away. The most significant thing and highest priority action is planning. And not just planning by ourselves but planning in concert with the combatant commands on the world. That is why we are building and in fed with the other combatant commands. The other one to expand partners and the last one is going space war fighters but thats a twopart problem going Space Operators and understanding war its billing will unite might have traditional war fighters whogr have a traditionl understanding of space. What is our progress today . Got gone from five people to about 500 and we are building a team and we are proud of how we have brought this Team Together and gotten to move really quickly. Weve gone throughui a joint manpower validation process to figure out what the command will look like. We have hired integrated planning elements leads i and stand up to first integrated planning almonds both at indo pay, you, and a stretch, workry with north, as well. Weve worked reached out to other combatant commands and we are linkedin with u. S. Strategic commands and as you can imagine north, indo pay, and now africa, appreciated that engagement. We are embedded in the global integrating piece of the Department Store plane in wargames and exercises as part of not only playing in it but leaving that effort for the department. Weve enhanced our engagements with our allies and wets briefed the military committee at nato oito get a more formal relationship going. Nato is about to declare bases and operational domain and that will be more important that we have that linkage. On the planning side were developing the Campaign Plan for space that will be done here at the beginning of next year. We published our firstst integrated [inaudible]s we have much more of a influence on the budget, if you will. Again, thats much more heightened voice of the combatant command level that we were and the list goes on and on but you get a sense for where we are headed. F we are ready now and going stronger each and every day and we are in line with the direction for the national Defense Strategy and building a worse to respond to the competitive congested and contested strategic environment that we face today and have a great opportunity as we tell our team that we are not wedded to the past but starting from scratch and we can build this command in a way that gets after the challenges we face. With that i think i will close and open it up for a dialogue bird i can appreciate the opportunity to be here andhe im extremely proud of the sailors, soldiers and marines that im privileged to lead. I cannot be more proud of how quickly they come up on the step and provide an advantage to our nation not just to our nation but allied partners as well. I like to take a minute and introduce the chief or hes a Senior Advisor for the command as well. Thank you for the opportunity and look forward to the dialog dialogue. [applause]al general, i want to say thank you again for coming here to see sis and to share your thoughts. I wanted to start with a basic definition question because i was telling a friend earlier what are you doing monday morning and im doing this event with the commander of the United States Space Command and she asked me what was his job before that and i said well, hes a commander of air force Space Command and the question was whats the difference and so you know can you help to find for folks what are the rules and response abilities of c the air force Space Command and United States Space Command and how are they different in the how they function . Great question. That is when i get quite frequently. Not only did i get a new job but kept my old job as well. [laughter] i get to yell at myself from one hat and ive done that over the last couple of weeks like how could you be so stupid . Its fun to have that conversation. He back in the 80s there was a law done called the Goldwater Nichols act. It divided the department into two functions but one is an organized train, equip and another was a war fighting function. Services to organize, train and equip and in my air force Space Command hat i trained business and read secure satellite, trade operators and the c2 capabilities to build and conduct those operations but we focus on organizing, training and equip. In that hat int worked [inaudib] the joint hat in the war fighting hatch was joint business andas usbased command falls under the war fighting side. We now have a u. S. Space command that is a war fighting so its a completely different function. In my air force hat i organized, trained and equipped air forces and present them to my self in u. S. Space command to execute. I also will have an army and that is called a [inaudible] i will also have an Army Service Component and marine Service Component and it is two different functions in two different roles but theres a close partnership. Thinking ahead to the future one thing Congress Still debating and considering is whether or not to create a space force and if you could talk about how the space force would be different absolutely. Let me state im eager for congress to pass this and daa so we can have a space force. In both hats or both functions the organized, train, equip function and war fighting function the u. S. Is looking to elevate space. Oo to have an entity that is singularly focused on a space domain. In the war fighting hat we did that when we took the Component Command that used to work for Strategic Command and elevated that to its own command. Similarly on the organized train, equip side todaye, air f force Space Command is a major command working for the air force. We are looking to elevate space and separated from the air force and have a singularly focused service focused on this domain and the way it was envisioned as was similar to where you have a secretary of the air force that would have both chief of staff and space force and to staff of the air force that would work for the secretary of the air force. Just like the navy side of secretary of the navy that has chief of Naval Operations on that navy side. And if so, u. S. Space command putting on that hat for a minute, you mentioned in your remarks how its different at this time. Used at u. S. Space command and it was a functional command and now its been reestablished as a geographic command. One of the roles that was a geographic command was that they put together operational plans within their area of response abilities. Centcom, operational plans and in the middle east, you calm, and opaque, and is the u. S. Space command developing operational plans that are exclusively for the space doma domain . Absolutely. As you mentioned that the prized hot highest priority activity that we started with building the Campaign Plan first. We made great progress on that and again early next year that should be done and then as we build our planning teame we are beginning the work on doing. The thing we will work really hard to do is to do thatom development in concert with the other combatant commands and that and that is why those integrated elements are so important and those elements will live in those other combatant commands and help us plan together. If youla look at the challengese will face in the future they are global challenges and the need to be interconnected between combatant commands is very important and we will fill these plans and partnership with the other combatant commands but we largely support but they will also support to us. I want to talk about those organizational themes, if you will. We already have this with the other geographic commands andlrn plan that might deal with russ russia, incursion in europe could also have impacts in russia may do things in theac Pacific Region at the same time so we already have seams between these different ao ours and can you talk about detail . How are you working the seams between u. S. Space command, 100 commoners above and all the other geographic commands that are below, especially when there might be a war fighting scenario where someone launches a missile and it goes above 100 kilometers but it goes back down below or as part of a continuance see of the other theaters and as part of what is going on on the ground another nation may choose to attack our access and space but how to integrate those plans and who can charge operationally if we get into a war fighting situation that starts on earth but extends into space . One of i mentioned in my remarks if you look at the national Defense Strategy and talk about global challenges and the joint staff former chairmans leadership and out with general really focusing on global integrating and having a globally integrated plan that addresses those seams because as i mentioned if theres a conflict in one part of the world it is not just going to be the combatant command for that part of the world but it will bleed over. For example, in the scenario yoc laid out if there was a conflict with russia if deterrence were to fail and there was a conflict with russia that would require you calm, and it will also require the support from usbased command and transit calm, strategic, anr you can see how those plans have to be integrated so those so we dont have those things. If you plan together and do that Work Together we think it will provide that if it. In most situations you envision Space Command with a supporting command rather than a supported command. In most cases but there are inverse hold to it as well so as we have to fight for space and priority we will require support from other combatant commands as well as [inaudible] you mentioned deterrence. Can you talk about how do you think about deterrence and in your job and the Space Component of deterrence. A lot of people asked me about space deterrence. My view is there is no such thing as space deterrence. It is just deterrence. Traditionally we have thought about with our Nuclear Forces but i think deterrence is much broader than that and there are things wes can do in space to amplify that deterrence message. Along with others. As we look at global integrators, if you will, we also need to look at whos been an integrator for deterrence because each combatant command has a deterrent rule and we neee to make sure that working together we are sending a coordinator offense because our primary goal and mission i shouldve said this and my remarks but if you look at u. S. Space command our mission set this to call the four ds. Versus deterrence and we do not want to get into a conflict thah begins with this race and so there are things we can do to change that potential adversary to deter and again doing that in concert so the second area that what we are focused on is to defend. I talk about a sharper focus on protecting the space domain and that is the second thing. The second he is the deliverer. We deliver capabilities and we do that largely since desert storm we been focused on that. The fourth di mentioned in my remarks is to develop those joint war fighters so deter isnt number one. Defend, deliver and developr are the four ds. I would note in those priorities you are not talking about any kind of aggressive offense of action in space and i think there have been a lot of discussions among folks outside especiallytary and in International Forums worrying that the reestablishment of the United States Space Command accretion of the space force somehow signaling that the u. S. Is taking a more aggressive offense of posture and space and how would you respond to those critics . Our Mission Estate is clear. We are a war fighting command in any war fighting command if you look at the Mission Statement it says they will conduct offense and defense of maneuvers. Our goal is to deter the way you do that is to deter from a position of strength for it that the best way i know how to do it. We do not want to enter into a conflict that begins or extends into space. Our focus is to make sure we do so from a position of strength and have the ability to protect and defend those capabilities that fueled not only our american way of life but our american way o of war. M before we go to questions you can start getting your questiony ready. I have family down in alabama and every now and then they send me articles about how usbased command trying to take the headquarters and i dont expect you are ready to make an announcement now but feel free, if you are. But what is the process that is going into figuring out where you are going to put theom permanent headquarters of the usbased command . There is a process where the air force has been named the lead for that process and the air force is running that process. Its a very transparent process. It is used for all businesses not just u. S. Business command but all businesses the air force makes and those faces are fully vetted and analyzed to support the missions of that command and the air force secretary then makes that decision but we are in that process and its underway. Any idea about when that process might be outdated . [inaudible conversations] alright. I want to open it up here for questions from the audience. Lets say sandra, i will go to you first. How are you . Wait for the microphone. Good morning. I wanted to ask you about an initiative from air force Space Command that we heard you hosted a meeting with agencies to talk about the future of space ranges and launch facilities and you have a vision for National Space work so can you give us details about what you have in mind and what will be happening on that issue but thank you. One of the areas i think we have a great opportunity and this is on my air force Space Command side and one of the things weve been working is to take advantage of where commercial energy is heading. Our ranges today are large ranges with lots of infrastructure and both on the east coast and the west coast. If you look at where commercial industry is headed it autonomous ranges. Today for example when they launch a rocket they dont use our radars or command destruct antennas which we have antennas with people on counsel for if a missile were to go straight it would send a signal to the rocket to blow it up. It is all autonomous. That saves significant amount of dollars and saves and allows for a more rapid turnaround of the range and more resilient in my perspective. What they are calling the range of the future is all based on how do we position ourselves to get after the war fighting requirements and that is to be able to have the shared access space and with less cost and faster turnaround time and so we are working collaboratively with commercial industry and partners and we are furthering that dialogue to see how we can transform to best support the total population. Im hoping to do this with less money. Today our ranges are significant. There are lots of infrastructu infrastructure. With autonomy you get to reduce some of that infrastructure which i think will be important and will also be a cost savings as well. Question over here. [inaudible] i question is it seems like youre the single focal point for everything spa space. And so, with that there areoi requirements must see beauties being developed and you talked about accelerating and you talk about starting with a clean sheet. You said at the end from industrys perspective we are trying to understand where that direction is going and what the priorities are. How are you looking to have requirements that are coming out and then balancing that with the programs that are already being developed and those things that you need in the future to satisfy what you are being told you need. First of all, ive been or tried to be as transparent and one of my brothers told me all my while all my friends have retired from the military and they have all told me you dont understand just how hard industry to understand what is in their head. I said they dont need to try but i will just tell them. I dont want you to spend a dime to figure out what im thinking. I may do that to help us get to where we need to go and so we have a conflict of operation on how we will operate. Industry to common we will give itd to you but the problem is t so there are very few and so we are working very hard to reduce the classification on issues that allowsi more conversations. I think if you look at the requirements Going Forward there is not good enough just to get g satellite and orbit that provides exquisite capabilities. You have to protect and defend it and it has to be dependable. Balancing that and the mission, cost and being able to defend it are all that we are looking at in our requirements. Combatant commands we have a strong voice and i think that will be very helpful. As loud as we can be in this room still does not make it out to the internet. Understanding that, sir, when the requirements, out of that combatant commands and they go to the Acquisition Agency they reen come out as requirements that we in industry respond to in those two dont align. The requirement that we are responding to as industry and the expectation that you have of Combatant Commanders they dont. Thats a challenge that we and industry want to give you the capability you need but the folks who are writing the requirements in my two hats i have put both of those camps so they better align but otherwise are not aligned with myself. They dont yet, sir. So then lots of accommodation and work to bring that, if it is not. From what i can tell i think we are getting much better alignment and elevating understanding of the usbased command will help that further so i love that conversation. Question upfront here. Yes, maam. Hello. Surely from the rand corporation. As we transition to more of a war fighting focus in space can you go down a level and address what human capabilities you think our servicemembers will need to have that perhaps they do not have now . Let me just answer it this way. I give a talk and the talk i have given in the process of giving it to every airborne airmen that is trying to drive a war fighting function in the way i describe it i have a powerpoint slide and half the slide is a picture of sully sullivan. Everyone knows him and hes the pilot that [inaudible] when the engines died, he safely landed in the hudson river. Absolutely spectacular pilot. If i was on an airplane i would want sully to beat my pilotas because i know i might get wet but i will live. And he is spectacular. The other half of the chart is [inaudible] equally spectacular pilot but operates in a w different domain. Someone shooting at the Fighter Pilot and no one is shooting at whatever airline sully was flying. It requires a different set of training. What we have done because we had the luxury of it is we have grown up filling sullys. We have the worlds best [inaudible] if you want them to operate in space capability you want the united space airmen and marines to dad because we are world crosstrained that and have to shift that to a Fighter Pilot mentality and have a better understanding of the threats and having a better understanding or how to operate their capabilities through those threats and having a betterca understanding of potential adversaries and its a different way of doing business. We have completely transformed how we go about developing our offense. Weve revamped our schoolhouse over the last year and half and now ive taught at a different class with threats from day one where they start learning this and weve revamped our professional courses in space 100, 200 and 300 to get more. We have recategorized our operators and therefore into four distinct missions to give them depth. We complete his form how we do business but its get after that shift from a benign domain to a war fighting domain and the best analogy i can use is sully versus the Fighter Pilot. Good morning. Nice to see you. Two questions. You are only allowed one. [laughter] i take your point completely and its not deterrence in space but applied to space. But there is an entire intellectual foundation for example Nuclear Deterrence that simply does not exist with respect to space. And so as you know over the Years Technology and threat have paste the policy community and you have now staked out the United States has now staked out a frontier that too many sounds very aggressive and probably sounds all the more aggressive because weve been silenced about space entirely for so long. So, inasmuch as the crowd ability of deterrence anywhere depends on how to have capability in part and what it can point to you dont have much you can point to, jammers and anything else is behind 27 doors. At some point there will have to be an impedance match between those two but the dna of the Space Community is almost 180 degrees away from that so i would be interested in her comments on that and my second question is related to that. Last time i checked there arent a lot of planners at the nro. Its also not in their dna so can you speak to the same transition youre making with respect to the cope, turning war ntghters into space, smart folks and space fighters into joint is smart and can talk with that in respect to the nro . Sure. On the first question that had ten questions as part of it you actually asked 16 questions and on the first part i would just say again our number one priority is to deter. I agreed with your premise that to deter you have to change the calculus and to either impose cost or deny benefits. To do that that calculus is foundational to whatever deterrence and that is the foundation of deterrence. I greet with you to do that you have to theres a messaging part of that and one of the things we are working on is to develop that strategy on what we will talk about and it is underway as we speak. On the second part of your question we have a really Strong Partnership with the nro. The nro is largely their mission to and we but where we come w together is on protecting [inaudible] we stood up a National Space Defense Center which is manned by both organizations and we are planning together and we built together and the organization we now are doing programs together and i canceled a program we were doing on social way show awareness because we partnered with the nro and we have something called its an acron acronym, joint space or fighting forum chaired by myself the director of nro where we get together we frequently and talk about those war fighting challenges. I think coming along right with us and the line is close. I think tony had his hands up. Hello. Bloomberg news with national Intelligence Community is updating the nie on space threats with china and russia. Do you expect the conclusion to show exponential or major sdvances in their capabilities are more incremental based on what we know and second, what mechanism do you have for taking those types of threats findings and incorporating them into acquisitions requirements and programs for gps three, sda consolation and the overhead infrared consolation you are planning . I wont speculate on a report that will come out but i can tell you from my perspective the scope, scale and complex city of the threat is alive and concerning. On how do you take information from those assessments and get those into the program to get back to the conversation that we have talked about earlier that it is no longer good enough to think that you can build a satellite and just have to survive what we call infant mortality that we will operate when it first goes to space. You now have two be able to survive in a environment that is contested and so we build those or take things from that assessment and build those into future satellite programs to make sure we can protect and defend. Our joint force and Coalition Partners and every u. S. Citizen relies on no Space Capabilities and our job is to make sure that they are always there for us. Can i ask you a related question . You see a t lot of the commercil Space Companies are talking about building large what we call proliferated constellations with satellites and many are small satellites that fielded an quantities of hundreds or thousands and how do you think the military can utilize this capabilities that are being fielded commercially and how can i contribute to countering the threats we are seen and helping to deter adversaries . First of all, there is its beginning and you saw i think it was april space x launch the first 60 satellites a week or so ago and they launched their second batch of 60 and of all the satellites we track the numbers dont quote me on this but its in the order of 15001600 objects in space that are solid and the rest are debris with high 20 thousands of things we track. Very small numbers so that will change thats changing significantly. We do think i think the biggest thing we talk about this earlier but one of my former jobs that i worked in an office called the [inaudible] back with a gentleman and one of the projects i was given at the time was to develop a new Business Model for space and that is to build the challenge i was given was build a satellite and launch it and operate it for 10 million. It was called [inaudible] and they tried to change that Business Model and i think the thing that besides the fact the proliferated architecture with large numbers of satellites and what that might do for the protection and defending what it really does is change the Business Model for space and allows you to change the risk calculus. If today we were to build a satellite and we know it will take significant number of years we put Mission Assurance into it because nationals are guilty of the United States rests on it we need to make sure it works. We know if it doesnt work it will take another bunch of years to get another one. If you know that the next is coming off the Assembly Line a week from now change will happen. It will allow us to move with more agility and you will see a hybrid approach. You also have to have good capabilities but i think there are a layer of operationally good enough capabilities that can make a difference and change that Business Model which is so important to do. This gentleman back here. [inaudible] other combatant commands, effort, Cyber Command had an Industrial Based [inaudible] im sorry what a requirements came from that command and we see it differently but your command will have new innovation that has come through at the result of your new or fighting domain so how do you see industry now that you just finished talking about that transformation how long and how do you see the hybrid happening in order to support the future requirements . While, i thank you see it beginning to happen now. Again, the explosion of companies building these capabilities will be helpful to us and i think there are two things with loss costs have gone down and technology has allowed [inaudible] those two factors have reduced lost cause factors and small satellites will provide us an opportunity Going Forward. I think it is coming. [inaudible] the Industrial Base spans because other companies that in nontraditional companies now have the ability to get into this market because i think im pretty excited about where this is going. I thank you also have to have a bridging strategy. Just cant say to that United States we will turn off gps for the next five years and wait to be get to that next thing. You have to bridge and we are working that strategy as well. From an industry [inaudible] i would push back all little bit. We are making progress on that front. Question over here in the front. Thank you very much. Im a researcher for the a german think tank. We are affiliated with the morning conservative party. I would like to draw attention the u. S. Engagement with nato and european allies and you mentioned nato possibly declaring them and operational domain as well as a National Space program normally or space but still want to see the debate in europe and in germany we are still lacking the sense of urgency so when we discuss more or less commercial considerations i question for you would be what are the main obstacles for Transatlantic Corporation in the field . Is that the technological gaps or lack of awareness and what would you like us europeans to do more in this respect . As i mentioned we are workin hard to develop partnerships in the space business. We havent really needed them in the past. Space was a benign domain. It wasnt that important but its critical today. We are working closely with our partners and your country, france, japan and others and hope to attract others. I think theres an awareness issue that the average person in the world i dont think understands just how linked or their way of life is linked to space. It really fuels our collective way of life and i dont think the average person understands that the average person understands the threat that exists today. I really believe we are at this critical point and that weve been weve got great partnerships with the country and participate in exercising and in wargames and i really would like to get these partnerships to be more than just data sharing partnerships and move toward mission sharing. For example, i talk about hosted payrolls on satellites that we have other satellites that feed information into our Situational Awareness catalogd and i think there are other partnerships in arc medications systems so i think there is great opportunity here to develop capabilities that will be eventually beneficial for our countries and primarily it gets back to the 16 part questions about deterrence and we are stronger together. If we want to deter from a position of strength that is been and that is to deter that. I really believe it gets at our foundation as well. We are basically out of time here and i want to ask one final question and this is really bee. A burning question for everyone and so netflix has announced they will create a new series about the space force starting starting at steve carell, john malkovich, what advice do you have for the makers of that show . Ou its funny you say that. I do not plan to this question. But i about a year ago the started to come out and so about a year and half ago i was going through my Bank Statement and i see i was getting money taken out for netflix every month and i at the time really was not a netflix watcher so what am i doing this for and i canceled it. Within about 35 seconds from three different places around the country my three children hey, what happened to netflix . So i said i dont want it and they said well, dad i turned it back on. Then about a couple month later a year ago my one daughter called and said dad, space is going big. Theyre doing a show about space and steve carell will play. To get to get us an event haircut if that is the case. And then on twitter there was a twitter thing going around on who will play who and so then the big joke was but we are hoping it will be bruce willis. [laughter] if there was any advice as a gets bruce willis because but in all seriousness people asked me about the show and it will be a comedy and yeah, but i tell you theres a bunch of excitement about space. Every sector if you look at what nasa is doing in the silver a sector with moon to mars and you look at whats going on in commercial industry and with all the large consolations of satellites and different launch vehicle providers that are being developed and look at what is going on with the National Security space with the u. S. Space command and hopefully a space force here there is a lot of we have more people knocking on our door and how do i become a part of that and i remember as i started off in my remarks i talked about this dinner series with csi has posted a few years ago and one of the things was how do you inspire the next generation of folks about space . I remember i was a little kid it new york and sitting on my floor in the living room watch a man walk on the room. What is that today . I think there are lots of that today and in all segments and to give you an example two years ago i had a thousand cadets graduated from the air force . Academy. Last year it was 35. Im getting i made the mistake and gave a talk to the 4000 cadets, 2000 cadets in the morning or evening and the first hour and then the next hour was juniors and seniors. I made the mistake of saying if i can ever be of help to you im on [inaudible] and no kidding i had emails coming routinely that said how do i get into space . Ive been set to go to job whatever i want to come to space and those cases where they reached out i was able to ship them to space x so thats just one example but this is a great thing for our nation and theres this excitement about this domain which i think will be a huge dividends for our country Going Forward. Im really alleged to play a part in this. I feel very lucky. My whole career has been spent in this business and to think that we are at the point where we are at today is really exciting and im excited because i think we will provide a significant advantage for our nation and our partners. I thankva you for what you do ad thank you for being the leading voice in this business and i appreciate the opportunity to be here with you today and share some thoughts. Thank you very much. T thank you for coming. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] the media marketplace has shifted dramatically in the last dozen years or so. The sec has failed to keep pace. We have rules in place to basically assume the entire media market place is three broadcast television stations at night and a daily newspaper that clunks on your front doorstep in the morning. As we just talked those vastly different market. Sec commissioner brendan carr tonight at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on the communicators on cspan2. For 40 years cspan has been providing america unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the Supreme Court and Public Policy events from washington, d. C. And around the country so you can make up your own mind. Created by cable in 1979, cspan is brought to you by your local cable or satellite provider. Cspan, your unfiltered view of government. The house of representatives is seeking grand jury materials from the Mueller Investigation to determine whether President Trump live in written responses to questions from the special counsel. A threejudge panel of the u. S. Court of appeals for the d. C. Circuit heard oral argument on how the documents are relevant to the ongoing impeachment inquiry. This is just under an hour and a