Airspace security project here at csis and general raymond is going to speak first and then they will have moderated conversation following by audience q a. There are very few things that are considered bipartisan nature in washington by concern over space and space threats are one of those and so i hope you will join me in welcoming general raymond. [applause] thank you. Greatly appreciate the invitation and more importantly thanks for your leadership and wise counsel. I always enjoy coming to cis and had to apologize to the cas team because i always get more out of these engagement that idea. A great, id hope will get to that, have a really good conversation and are some things i could take away and continued to work on. I will tell you about three years ago just a little over three years ago before it took the air force Space Command as commander job csis held a dinner series, dr. Hamre hosted a dinner series what we brought folks in to talk about the challenges in space. I always marvel as i was preparing for these remarks, i marvel at what the folks that were in that dinner with think today because we have made a ton of progress. I mean a ton of progress. We have really put the accelerator down and that made some great games. Theyre still a ton of work but as i reflected back on those conversations and look at where you are today, the fantasmic made, its significant. I think the thing that is driving is one simple sentence. As 11 words in the sense. Space is a war fighting to make just like air land and sea. It used to be you couldnt say that in public. Space and war fighting in the same sense. The us wants to keep the space domain safe and that still our goal is to deter any conflict beginning. But we didnt say that publicly. Now every speech i give i say that and usually right up front. But it rolls off her lips really easily but the implications of outofprint significant. The implications of that have really been driving me for the last three years as we have pretty much changed everything that on how we operate in air force Space Command, and its driving how we are building and standing in your Space Command. Thats really will be the focus of some brief remarks upfront and then i would really like to get to the q a and the dialogue. Its a great opportunity for me to talk a little bit about the news command, the 11th combatant command at our nations your Space Command. U. S. Space command is more than just a command focused on space. You Space Command is really helping the department did its arms around global integration. If you look at National Defense strategy and global challenges that we face, we are intimately involved in those conversations. We are the best in the world at space. On 29 August August ceremony at the white house in the rose garden we got a little bit better because we stood up this command and this command is singly focused on the Space Command. And that alone provides significant demands. Its not my tertiary or secondary job. Its my primary job. We come to work everyday focused on this domain providing advantage for our nation. About a year ago a little over jericho in august of last year, i was told hey, theres a a potential will stand up a combatant command and start planning. So i took five people on the tdy san antonio, texas, lost five people in the room and said okay, we have to plan this command. In the evenings when i get done with the work i was doing on that tdy, i was there for another reason. I would huddle with the team and review the plan and give direction. At the end of the week we came out with heres how we would build this command, and its fastened for me to be given the opportunity to begin planning and then to plan that command and instead it up and then get it going and leave it is just a great, the highlight of my career. We started with those five and we brought that plan back to peterson and we set up a little tiger team of about ten people. For the next year we planned that command, and its pretty unprecedented if you look at doing all this in one year from planning to standing up in the years, its a pretty baroque hec left. Very proud of the team. Today we are about 400 and here over the next couple of months beginning next year i think our numbers will raise up to about 500 in headquarters. Many of you noticed, no doubt we had a u. S. Space command back from 19852002. And some might say why did we bring it back, or whats different about this command compared to the one that stood down in 2002 2002x as i said ie ceremony that we had at Peterson Air Force base that recognize this house u. S. Space command, this is a different command custom built for a different day. Purpose built. Its purpose built to get out of the National Defense strategy, its purpose built for the strategic and five at that we face today. If you look at the missions that the president signed in the unified command plan and assigned to estimate of u. S. Space command, it has a much sharper focus on protecting and defending satellites, not just u. S. Satellites but our u. S. Military satellites. Its partner or allied commercial satellites. That is a much sharper focus on offense and defense. Probably the biggest thing one of the biggest things is the geographic that command within a your Space Command with a functional combatant command, didnt have an aor. Provide Space Capabilities around the globe. We still do that today but to strengthen that, the department stood up the command as a geographic combatant command with an aor that is 100 kilometers above the the earth surface, and higher. Thats a big aor, really big aor. To get after that protect and defend these, we custom built this command and we stood up a joint task force for space defense. First on without an operational level component focus on that protect and defend mission, and so thats been very, very hopeful. As we are a geographic combatant command we are planning to have integrated planning elements that will embed in all the other combatant commands to help us stay connected with those commands. Again thats purpose built. Because the challenges we face in the fiction would be global challenges. That will require all combatant commands working together. We have a stronger connection with or allied partners. We have made great, Great Strides in that over the last few years. Im really proud of where we are. When we stood up the command we again purpose built a combined space force component. Before i was the commander but of a joint force command i was part of stratcom. When we stood this up we made it a, operate out of the same centers and i will provide huge advantage to the folks for us and our partners. We also get additional authorities. Space policy director will come back with what authorities does u. S. Space command need to do those nations. We put those together, very hopeful those will be approved here in the very near term. We have ties to our partners. Their solo partners i would like to focus on. One is our joint war fighting partners. Again as our National Defense strategy states, the challenges were going to face in the future are going to be global challenges. A challenge in the pacific is that just indopacom. That will require all the combatant commands together to be able to handle those challenges, for example. Im convinced that in the future if we were to get into a conflict with a peer or nearpeer competitor we will have to fight for space superiority. Thats a challenge. Thats a joint war fighting challenge that will require other combatant commands to be supportive of me and our u. S. Space command hat. Our partnership with our allies have talked about. We have increased the training opportunities with our allies. We have exercise with an ally. We do wargames with our allies. We have stood up a Space Operations center. We now turn joint force Space Component command into a combined component command. So i see great, great doing close to payloads with allied partners like japan, putting a hosted payload on a satellite. Doing a hosted payload partnership with norway as well. As example. We also a close relationship with interagency. Our relationship with Intelligence Community has never been better. I relationship between us and nro is at an alltime high. We have a standard, a a shared strategy, a shared concept of operations. We met at c2 center called the National Space defense center. Ill tell you in speeches ive given over the last couple of years i said weve gone from like preschool to about fifth grade. I just spent a handful of hours out at the nftc a week or so ago. Now i will tell you im changing that. Were in high school. We paid some really, really significant gains based on the data sharing that we are able to do, based on having Situational Awareness tools. We have really made some great, Great Strides. And our partnerships are commercial industry. And i see this as a big growth area Going Forward. We have commercial integration satellite and combined force operations center. I see great steps ahead in being able to leverage this, and i talked about this. Its kind of bad term to use in the Space Business but this explosion in commercial space. Theres great opportunities ahead. So as i built this command again we have built it to meet the National Defense strategy. If you look at the National Defense strategy and look at the priorities of National Defense strategy, strengthening alliances and new partners and reforming the Partner Department of those all things u. S. Space command ties into. Our priorities really command our five. First, we will transition space or fight response was from u. S. Strategic command to u. S. Space command in full. We have done that, we did that starting on 29 august. We are responsible for Space Operations. We do that day today and not only have we missed a beat, weve actually enhanced the game a little bit. We are leading this going to full Operational Capability and were moving out with a sense of urgency to be able to do that. If we are already doing operations. What are the other things . Requirements, component doesnt have a requirement function, a combatant command does so building out our requirements team. Intelligence. I will tell you may be one of most important things that we do early on is to rebuild that intelligence function that atrophied once the u. S. Space command that stood that in 2002 went away. I think the most significant thing and are highest priority action is planning. And not just planning by ourselves but planning in concert with the combatant commands around the world that we partner with. And thats why we are building these integrated planning elements to embed with the other combatant commands. The other is to expand key allies and partnership. The last one is going space war fighters. Thats a twopart problem. Going Space Operators what extent joint war fighting and its building what you and i may consider more traditional joint war fighters better understand the space. Whats our progress to date next well, weve gone from about five people to 500. Were building that team and im really proud of how we brought this Team Together and gotten to move them really, really quickly. We have gone through a joint manpower validation process to figure out what the command is going to look like. We have hired in a quite a planning element leads and stand at the first integrated planning elements both at indopacom, eu, and stratcom. Were working very close with northcom as well. We rich set of the combatant commands, took up, visited with africom so were very late in with your Strategic Command as you can imagine, northcom, indopacom, eucom and now after, and really appreciated them. We are embedded in the Global Integrated east of the department so were playing and wargames and exercises as part of that and i think thatll are we playing but helped leading the effort for the department. Weve enhanced our engagements with our allies. Went over and break the military committee at native to try to get a more formal relationship going with nato. Nader is about to declare space as an operational domain and i think that will be very important that we have that linkage. On the planning site we are developing the Campaign Plan for space. That will be done at the beginning of next year. We published our first integrated party list of having much more of an influence on the budget, if you will, and thats against a much strengthened him much more i voice at the combatant command level than we were at the component level. The list goes on and on but you can get a sense of where we are headed. We are ready now and were going stronger each and every day. We are in line with the direction from the National Defense strategy. Were building a fighting force to respond to the competitive congested and contested strategic and five we face today. And we have a great opportunity as i tell our team that were not wedded to the past. We are starting from scratch and so we can build this command in a way that gets after the challenges that we face. With that i think i will close and open it up for a dialogue. I really begin to appreciate the opportunity to be here. I think im extremely, extremely proud of the airmen, sailors, soldiers and marines that im privileged to lead. I couldnt be more proud of how quickly that come up on the step and provide an advantage tarnation, not just to our nation are allied partners as well. I would like to take me and introduce chief tolman, our senior enlisted for the command as well. He is it with me. So again thank you for the opportunity. I look forward to the dialogue. [applause] general raymond, i want to just say thank you again for coming here to csis to share your thoughts on the future of the United States Space Command. I wanted to start with kind of a basic definition of question because i was telling a friend earlier, what i would be doing monday morning, you know, doing this event with the command of the United States Space Command and she asked me, what was his job before that . Because new command and i said he was command of air force Space Command and, of course, the question was, whats the difference . Can you help define for folks what are the roles and responsibilities of air force Space Command and United States Space Command, how are they different and how did the function . Thats a great question and what i get quite frequently. That only did i get a new job but i kept my old job as a period i get to yell of myself for the one half and i got an opportunity to do that over the last couple of weeks. Like you, how could you be so stupid . Its fun to have that conversation. Back in the 80s there was a law that was done called the goldwaternichols act, and the goldwater snakelike divided the department into two punks. One is organized train and equip and one is a war fighting function. Services, organized and quick, army, navy, air force, marines and him a air force Space Command had i am in the organized train and equip business. We procure satellites, train operators, we have the c2 capabilities to conduct those operations. But thats focus on organized train and equip. In that hat i work for chief of staff of air force and secretary of defense. In the joint hat, in the war fighting had thats joint business and so the u. S. Space command falls on the war fighting side. I will just, eucom, we have more fighting focus is a completely different function. In my air force had i organized train and equip air force forces and i present them to myself and my use Space Command had to be able to execute. I also will have an army and thats called a surface im air force Space Command, i will also have an army component, a navy and Marine Service component. Its two different functions, different roles but theres a close partnership. So the thinking ahead to the future, one of the thinks congress is debating and considering is whether or not to create a space force pickard to talk about half space force would be different . Absolutely. Let me state im really eager for congress to pass this ndaa so we can have the space force. In both hats and both functions, the organized train and equip function and the war fighting function, the u. S. Is looking to elevate space. To have an entity that is singly focused on the space domain. And so in the war fighting at we did that when we took a component and a used to work for u. S. Strategic command and elevate that to its own combatant command. Similarly on the organized, train, and equip side today air force Space Command is a major command working for the air force. What were looking to do is to elevate space and to separate it from air force and have a singularly focused Service Focus on this domain. And the way, its similar to the navymarine corps. Youre the secretary of the air force that would have both chief of staff of a space force are however the law can set and achieve the step of air force that work for the secretary of air force. Just like on the navy side theres a secretary of the navy that has a commandant of the marine corps and chief of Naval Operations on the navy side. And so u. S. Space command, putting on that hat for a minute, you mentioned in your remarks how its different this time. We used to use Space Command. It was a functional command. Now its been reestablished as a geographic command. One of the rules of the geographic commands is they put together operational plans within their area of responsibility. So centcom will operational plans for contingencies that might arise in the middle east. Eucom will be responsible for europe, indopacom for the Pacific Region and so on. Is u. S. Space command developing operational plans that are exclusively for the space domain entry absolutely. And so as i mentioned in my remarks thats probably the highest priority activity. We started with building the Campaign Plan first. Weve made great progress on that. Again early next year that should be done. And then as we build our planning team, were beginning to work on doing the old plan development. The thing that we are going to work really hard to do is to do that development in concert with the other combatant commands. Thats why those integrated planning elements are so important. Those integrated planning elements will live in those other combatant commands and help us plan together. If you look at the challenges were going to face in the future, there are global challenges. They need to be interconnected between combatant commands is very, very important, and we will build these plants in partnership with the other combatant commands. We largely support but to also be supporting as. I want to talk about kind of those organizational scenes, if you will. We already have this with the other geographic commands, you know, an old plan that might deal with russia incursion and europe could also have impacts, russia may do things in the Pacific Region at the same time so we already have some scenes between these different ehlers. Can you talk about more detail, how are you working the scenes between your Space Command 100 kilometers above and all the other geographic commands that are 100 kilometers and below . Especially when it might be a war fighting scenario where someone launches a missile that goes about 100 kilometers but its going to come back below 100 kilometers, or as part of a contingency, one of the other theaters, you know, as part of whats going on on the ground another nation may choose to a attack of assets in space. How do you integrate those plans and who is in charge operationally if you get into a war fighting situation that starts on earth but extends into space . So, one of the, i mention in my remarks if you look at the National Defense strategy and talk about global challenges, and the joint staff has really been pushing under former chairman leadership and now with general milley, really focusing on global integration and having a globally integrated plan that addresses that. As i mentioned, if theres a conflict in one part of the world, its not just going to be the combatant command for that part of the world. Its going to bleed over. So, for example, in the snare you laid out, if theres a conflict, if deterrence were to fail and is a conflict with russia, that would require eucom obviously as the primary combatant command focused in that region. It will also require the support from u. S. Space command and require support from u. S. Transcomm and require support from u. S. Strategic command, u. S. Cyber command and you can just see how those plans have to be integrated so we dont have that situation. In the future as we have to fight for space superiority well have to have combatant command. As you talk about deterrents, how do you think of deterrents and the Space Components of deterrents . A lot of folks ask me about space deterrents. My view theres no such thing as space deterrents. Typically woeve thought about our Nuclear Deterrents, but its broader than that, there are things to do in space to amplify that deterrence message aas long with others. So as we look at global integrators, if you will, we have to look at who is the integrator for deterrents because each combatant command has a deterrent role and we have to make sure that were that working together, we are sending a coordinated deterrence message. Our primary goal, our primary mission, i should have said this in our remarks. If you look at u. S. Space command, our mission set, really, we call it the four ds. First its the deterrents. We do not want to get into a conflict that extends into space. There are things we can do to change the calculus of a potential adversary to deter and again, doing that in concert with the other combatant commanders. The other area were focused on is to defend. I talked about, theres a sharper focus on protecting and defending the space domain. Thats the second d. The third d is what weve been really good at for years, that is that we deliver capabilities for the coalition to war fight and weve done that, largely since desert storm weve been focused on that and the fourth d i mentioned in my remarks is to develop those joint war fighters. So deter is number one, defend, deliver and develop are the four ds. I would note in those priorities, youre not talking about any kind of aggressive offensive actions in space. I think, you know, there have been a lot of discussions among folks outside of the military and especially in International Forums worrying that the reestablishment of the United States Space Command and the creation of the space force is somehow signaling that the u. S. Is taking a more aggressive offensive posture in space. How would you respond to those critics . You know, i think our Mission State is clear. Were a war fighting command and any war fighting command, if you look at the Mission Statement, it says u. S. Space command will conduct offensive and defensive operations. As ive said upfront, our goal is to deter that from happening and deter from a position of strength. Thats the best way i know how to do it. Thats our primary focus. We do not want to enter into a conflict that begins or extends into space. Our focus is make sure we do so from a position of strength and we have the ability to protect and defend and fuel not only our american way of life about you our american way of war. Before we go to questions for the audience, so you guys can start getting your questions ready, i have family down in alabama and every now and then they send me articles about how, you know, u. S. Space command, theyre trying to pick a headquarters. I dont expect youre ready to make an announcement right now, but feel free if you are. [laughter] but whats the process that goes into figuring out, you know, where youre going to put the permanent headquarters of u. S. Space command . So theres a basing process. The air force has been named the lead for that process and the air force is running that process. Its a very transparent process. Its used for all, not just u. S. Space command, but all basing decisions that the u. S. Makes. And theres a list of candidates and those candidates are fully vetted to support the mission of the command and the air force secretary then makes that decision. So were in that process and its underway. Any idea about when that process might be i dont have any idea. Hopefully secretary i hope theyre running that process. All right. I want to open it up to questions from the audience. All right, lets see. Sandra, im going to go to you first. How are you . Youre wait for the microphone. I wanted to ask you about an initiative from air force Space Command that we heard, you hosted a meeting with agencies to talk about the future of space, ranges and launch facilities. You have a vision for some sort of National Space port. Can you give us details what you have in mind, whats going to be happening on that issue . Thank you. Sure. One of the areas i think we have great opportunity, this is on my air force Space Command sign. And one thing weve been working on, take advantage of where commercial energy is headed. Our ranges today are large ranges with lots of infrastructure, both on the east coast and the west coast. And if you look at where commercial industry is heading. Commercial industry is heading toward autonomous ranges. So, today, for example, space x, they dont use our rockets, dont use our telemetry, they dont use our construct antennas, we have people on antennas if a missile were to start going astray they would send a signal to the rocket to blow it up. They do it all its autonomous and thats saves figure amount of dollars and saves and allows for a more rapid turn around of the range and a more resilient range, in my perspective. So, this focus on range of the future is all based on how do we position ourselves to get after the war fighting requirement that were going to need from a joint capability and thats to be able to have an access to space to do it cheap, with less cost and a faster turnaround time. So were working with collaboratively with commercial industry, with all the range partners and were furthering that dialog to see how we can transform those ranges the best support, the total population uses. [inaudible question] im hoping to do this with less money. Today our ranges are significant, theres lots of infrastructure. With autonomy you get to reduce some of this infrastructure, which i think will be which will be very important and also a cost savings as well. Question over here. Thanks. Good morning, sir. Curt from northrop grumman. My question, sir, it seems like youre the single focal point for everything space. [laughter] and so with that, there are requirements, cdds developed, you talked about accelerating. You also talked about starting with a clean sheet. Starting from what . From a clean sheet basically have a clean sheet. From industrys perspective were trying to understand where that direction is going and what the priorities are. How are you looking at requirements cdds that are coming out and then balancing that with the programs that are already being developed and those things that you need in the future to satisfy what youre being told you need . Yeah, so, a couple of things. First of all, ive been ive tried to be as transparent as i can be with industry. One of my friends told me, all of my old friends have all retired from the military and theyve all told me, you dont understand just how hard industry tries to understand whats in your head. I said, well, they dont need to try, ill just tell them. Ill tell you. I dont want you to spend a dime trying to find out what im thinking. Help us where we need to go. So we have a concept of operations how were going to operate and i invited industry to come in and say, okay, were going to give it to you. The problem was that theyre so classified, very few could come in so were working hard to reduce the classification on issues that allow the conversation back and forth. I think if you look at the requirements Going Forward, its not its not good enough just to be able to get a satellite in orbit and have an exquisite satellite that provides exquisite capability. You also have to be able to protect and defend it and it has to be defendable. So balancing that, the mission costs and being able to defend it, are all things that were looking at in our requirements. So as i said as a combatant command you have a stronger voice and requirements and i think thats going to be very helpful. May i say one thing. Wait for the microphone here. As loud as we can be on this room it somehow doesnt make it out to the internet. Thanks, sir. Understanding that, sir. When the requirements come out of the combatant command and go to the Acquisition Agency they then come out as requirements that we in industry respond to. Those two dont align, sir. The requirements that were responding to as industry and the expectation that you have as combatant commander, they dont align, and so thats a challenge, sir, that we in industry, we want to give you the capability that you need, but the folks who are writing the requirements, the section its in my two hats. I have a foot in both camps so they better align, because if they dont align, im not aligned with myself. They dont yet, sir. Lets have a conversation and well work and bring that into alignment if its not. From what i can tell i think the alignment is i think were getting much better at alignment. I think elevating restanding up u. S. Space command and as combatant commander, its helped that much further. A question up front here. Yes, maam. Hello, sir, im shirley ross from the rand corporation. As we transition to more of a war fighting focus in space, can you kind of go down a level and address what human capabilities you think our Service Members will need to have that perhaps they do not have now . So let me just answer this way. I give a talk and the talk that i give, ive given it in the process of giving it to every airman in every Space Command, thats trying to drive a war fighting culture. The way i describe it, theres a power point and half of the picture is sully sullenberg, Everybody Knows sully sullenberg, the pilot when the birds got in the engines, and safely landed the plane on the hudson river and everybody survived. Spectacular pilot, spectacular pilot. If i was on an airplane, i would want sully to be my pilot, i know im going to get a little wet, but im going to live. [laughter] on the other half is the Fighter Pilot, equally spectacular and a different domain. Somebodys shooting at the pilot. And no one was shooting at the plane that sully was flying for. Its a different set of training. So what weve done, because weve had the luxury of it, weve grown up building sullys. We have the worlds best Space Operators, if you want somebody to operate in Space Capabilities, you want the United States airmen, sailors, soldiers, to do that because were worldclass trained at that. We now have to shift that to a Fighter Pilot mentality, have a better understanding of the threats, having a better understanding of how to operate your capabilities through those threats, having a better understanding of potential adversaries. Its a different way of doing business and so we have completely transformed how we go about developing our operators. Weve revamped our schoolhouse over the last year and a half or so, now taught at a different classification level with threats from day one. They get they start learning this. We have revamped our professional Development Courses in space, 100, 200. Space 100, 200, 300 to get more after this domain. We have recategorized our operators into four distinct Mission Areas to give them better depth. So weve completely transformed how we do business, but its to get after the shift from benign domain to war fighting domain and the best analogy i can use is sully versus the Fighter Pilot. Yes, sir. Morning, sir. Nice to see you. Two questions for you youre only allowed one. [laughter] i take your point completely its not deterrents in space, its deterrents as applied to space, but theres an entire intellectual foundation, for example, Nuclear Deterrents that doesnt exist with respect to space. So, as you know, over the Years Technology and threat have paced the policy community. Youve now staked out the United States has now staked out a frontier that to many sound very aggressive and it probably sounds all the more aggressive because weve been silent about space entirely for so long. So inasmuch as the credibility of deterrents anywhere depends on capability, in part depends on capability, what you can point to, you dont have much you can point to. Jammers, Everything Else is behind 27 doors and at some point theres going to have to be an impedance match, but theyre almost 180 degrees from that. And id be interested on your comments on that and my second question relate today that, last time i checked there arent a lot of planners at nro, its also not in their dna. Can you speak to the same transition youre making to the cocoms turning war fighters into space smart folks and space fighters into joint smart. Can you talk with respect to the nro . Sure, on the first question that had like 10 questions as part of it. [laughter] you actually asked me 16 questions on that. On the first part, i would just say, again, ours to to determent i agree with your premise to deter you have to change the calculus either impose cost or deny benefits. To do that, i think that calculus is foundational to whatever deterrent. Thats the foundation as deterrent. And i agree with you to do that you have to theres a messaging part of that and so, one of the things that were working on is to develop that strategy on what we will talk about and what we wont talk about. That work is underway as we speak. On the second part of your question, we have a really Strong Partnership with the nro. The nro largely does their mission set and we largely do our mission set, but where we come together is protecting and defending. And we have we stood up the National Space defense center, which is manned by both organizations and were planning together. Again, weve built con ops together and we have a strategy, con ops, the organizations, we now are actually doing programs together. And we i cant the program that were doing on space Situational Awareness, it wasnt going to meet our mission as we partner with the nro. We have something called its an acronym. Joint space war fighting forum directored by the chair and myself and we get together very frequently and talk about war fighting challenges, so i think theyre coming along right with us, and alignment is really well. Tony had his hand up in the back. Hi, tony, bloomberg news. The National Intelligence is updating on nie from russia and china. Do you think the conclusion is to show exponential advances in their capability or incremental based on what we know . And second, what mechanism do you have for taking those type of threat findings and incorporating them into acquisition requirements and programs like for gps 3, sdas, constellation and the overhead infrared constellation youre planning . Yeah, i wont speculate on what a report thats going to come out might say. I can tell you from my perspective that scope, scale and complexity of that threat is alive and very concerning. And how do you how do we take information from those assessments and get those into programming . It gets back to the conversation that we talked to earlier. Its no longer good enough to think that you can build a satellite that just has to survive the launch and survive what we called infant mortality, that it comes off the launch vehicle and launches when it first gets to space. You now have to you now have to be able to survive in an environment thats contested and so weve built those we take, we take things from that assessment and then build those into future satellite programs to make sure that we can protect and defend. Our joint force and Coalition Partners rely on those Space Capabilities. Every u. S. Citizen relies on the space cape bits and our job is to make sure that theyre always there for us. Can i ask a related question . Sure. You see a lot of the commercial Space Companies now are talking about building large, what we call proliferated constellations to satellites and many are small satellites and fielded in quantities of hundreds or thousands. You know, how do you think the military can utilize those kind of capabilities that are being fielded commercially and how can that help contribute to countering the threats that were seeing and helping to deter adversaries . So first of all, there is its beginning. You saw, i think it was april spacex launched their first 60 satellites of star link, and a few weeks ago the second batch of 60. Youre seeing the growth of all the satellites that we track. The numbers are, dont quote me on this, its in the order of 1500 to 1600 objects in space that are satellites. The rest is debris of the high 20,000s of things that we track, small number are satellites. That number is going to change. Changing significantly if these materialize. We do think, i think the biggest thing, we talked about this earlier. One of my former jobs, i worked in an office called the office of force transformation, back with a gentleman, and the project i was given at the time was to try to develop a new Business Model for space and thats to, you know, build the challenge that i was given build a satellite and launch it and operate it for a year for about 10 million. It was called tac sat 1. Trying to change that Business Model. And besides the fact the proliferated architecture with large numbers of satellites and what that might do for the protection and defending these, i think what it really does though is change the Business Model for space and allows you to change the risk calculus. And so if today, if we were to build a satellite and we know its going to take a significant number of years, we put a lot of Mission Assurance into it because the National Security of the United States rests on it and we need to make sure it works. Well, and we know if it doesnt work, its going to take another bunch of years to get another one. If you know the next one is coming off the Assembly Line a week from now, it changes the calculus and allows us to move with more agility and i think what youre going to see is a hybrid approach because you also have to have the really good capabilities, but i think theres also a layer of operationally good enough capabilities that can really make a difference and change that Business Model which i think is so important to do. The gentleman back here, stand up. Thank you. A question, other combatant commands, africom cyber command, have a base that can support them and the new as what came in. As requirements came from that command. We see it different that your command will have new innovation thats coming through as a result of your new war fighting domain. How do you see industry, you know, now that you just finished talking about that transformation, how donning and how long and when do you see the hybrid for the future requirements . I think youre beginning to see it happening now. Again, not that the explosion of companies building these capabilities, i think, are going to be very helpful to us. I think the i think there are two things that happened. Launch costs have gone down and technology has allowed smaller satellites to do more organizationally relevant. And the reduced launch costs and now operational relevance of small satellites are really going to provide us with a community to leverage those Going Forward and i think its comi coming. The Industrial Base a lot smaller than the other ground base or air base and i think the Industrial Base though expand, right . Because other companies that, you know, nontraditional companies now have an ability to get into this market because and so i think im pretty excited where this is going. I think you also have to have a bridging strategy. You just cant you just cant say for the United States, were going to turn off gps for the next five years and wait until we get to the next thing. You have to bridge. And so were working that strategy as well. From an industry [inaudible] well, i would push back a little bit. Were making some progress on that front. I want to a question over here in the front. Thank you very much, general. Im a researcher for a german think tank affiliated with the governing conservative party and i would like to draw attention to the, well, the u. S. Engagement with nato and european allies. You mentioned nato possibly declaring it an operational domain as well as National Space programs, small way or space, but still going to see the debate in europe and especially germany. Were still lacking the sense of urgency so when we discuss space its more or less under commercial considerations. So my question for you would be, what are the main obstacles to transatlantic cooperation in this field . It the technological gaps or lack of awareness . What would you like europeans to do in this respect . Were working hard to develop partnerships in the Space Business. We havent really needed them in the past. Space was a benign domain. Its critical today. Were working very closely with our five partners plus your country, france, japan, and others. We hope to attract others. I think theres just theres an awareness issue that, you know, the average person in the world i dont think understands just how linked how their way of life is linked to space. It really fuels our collective ways of life and i dont think that the average person understands that. I dont think that the average person understands that the threat that exists today. And so, i really believe were at this critical Inflection Point and ive been very weve got Great Partnership with your country. They participate in exercising with us. They participate in war games with us. I really would like to get these partnerships to need more than data sharing partnerships and really move towards mission sharing. So, for example, well, i talked about hosted payloads on satellites, that we have other satellites that feed information into our Situational Awareness catalog and we have other partnerships in our in communications systems, so, i think theres great opportunity here to develop capabilities that will be mutually beneficial for all of our countries and primarily, it gets back to the 16part question that gill asked me on deterrents and, you know, were stronger together and if you want to deter from a position of strength, thats been the core of nato, right, to deter that. And so, i really believe it gets to that foundation as well. All right, i see we are basically out of time here. I want to ask one final question. I know that this has been really a burning question for everyone. Netflix announced theyre going to create a new series about the space force Starring Steve Carell and john and what information do you have for them making this show. I didnt plant this question. So about a year ago, i think this started to come up. So about a year and a half ago i was going through my Bank Statement and i see i was getting money taken out for netflix every month and i at the time really was not a netflix watcher. What am i doing this for and i canceled it. And within about 30 seconds three different places in the country, my three children, hey, whats. [laughter] turned it back. And a year ago, my daughter said, dad, space is going big. What do you mean space is going big . Theyre doing a show about space and steve carell is going to play you. And hes going to have to get a ha hairdifficult. And a twitter thing going around who is going to play who . And the big joke, who is going to play were hoping its going to be bruce willis. And so, if there is any advice id say get bruce willis. But in all seriousness though, people ask me about this show and its going to be a comedy you know, and well, yeah, but i tell you, theres a bunch of excitement about space today, a bunch of excitement and every sector, if you look at you know, what nasa is doing in the civil sector, moon to mars and look at commercial industry and, you know, with all the large satellites, and launch providers that are being developed, and then you look at whats going on in the National Security space with the u. S. Space command and hopefully a space force here, theres a lot of excitement. We have more people knocking on our door, how do i become a part of that . And i remember as i started off in my remarks, i remember talking about this dinner series that csis posted a few years ago and one of the things was how do you inspire the next generation of folks about space . You know, i remember, i was a little kid at west point, new york, sitting on my floor in the living room and watching a man walking on the moon. Whats that today . Well, i think theres lots of that today in all segments and to give you an example, two years ago out of a thousand cadets that graduated only inspect to space and then 35, and i made the mistake, i gave a talk to the 4,000 cadets, 2,000 cadets in the morning or in the evening the first hour and then freshman, sophomores and next hour juniors and seniors. I made the mistake if im of any help to you im on the global. No kidding, emails are coming routinely. Sir, how do i get into space . Ive been set to go to job whatever and i want to come to space. Okay. And those cases that reached out i was able to find help and switch them over. Thats just one example. This is a great thing for our nation that theres this excitement about this domain, which i think is going to pay huge dividends for our country Going Forward and i am really, really, really privileged to play a part in this. I feel very, very lucky. My whole career has been spent in this business and think that were at the point where were at today, its really exciting and im excited because i think were going to provide a significant advantage for our nation in our partners, who we partner with. I thank you for what you do and thank you for being a leading voice in this business and i really appreciate the opportunity to be here with you today and share some thoughts. Thank you very much. Well, thank you for coming. [applaus [applause]. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] today Supreme Court Justice Elena kagan talks to George Mason University students about the american judicial system. Live coverage begins at 4 30 p. M. Eastern on cspan 3. Online at cspan. Org or listen live on our free cspan radio app. App. This week the House Intelligence Committee and chair adam schiff continue public impeachment inquiry hearings beginning Tuesday Morning at 9 00 eastern on cspan 3. Watch live testimony from jennifer williams, aide to vicepresident mike pence and lt. Colonel Alexander Vinman and at 2 30 ambassador kurt volker, former u. S. Special enjoy to ukraine and white house aide tim morrison. At wednesday 9 a. M. Eastern testimony continues with u. S. Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland and deputy for russian ukraine crane affairs, laura cooper, and undersecretary of state. And fiona hill, watch the first two in their entierment cspan. O cspan. Org, a key interest features indicated by a star in the timeline. This week, watch live coverage of the house impeachment inquiries on cspan 3, cspan. Org or listen live wherever you are with the free cspan radio app. Democratic representative kendra horn spoke to constituents recently at a town hall in oklahoma city. Topics included Prescription Drug prices, health care reform, education, and the impeachment inquiry. This is about two hours. Color guard attention. Color guard advance. Color guard post the colors
comparemela.com © 2020. All Rights Reserved.