Transcripts For CSPAN2 National Security Commission On Artificial Intelligence Conference - PART 4 20240713

Kind of governance how i conduct myself oftentimes and just my frame of mind. But today, im going to pick an image of the day and if you look at your screen, one of our shared with me, commissioner louis with me this image. And i think really set the tone and the state oimportance of why were here. And of course thesignificance of this panel. Now, this is a chinese book. For kindergartners. And circle even if you dont chinese, circled are two letters. Ai. Kindergarten, textbooks. Ai. The senator talk about us tooling ourselves and getting ready from grade school to grad school. Now were talking about kindergarten. Or even prek if were going to be keeping ahead and released a number onewhen it comes to ai. So i wanted to start with this image. Because again, its really for me othe urgency of why this commission was formed and why you think and know its so important that we are here today. And to explore the role of the aei workforce should play and how the government may recruit train educate and manage and is necessary to retrain the aei workforce. National security agencies for the ai era that includes the familiarity throughout the organization and infusing ethical training at every level with the use of modern software tools. Because without more wellinformed leaders who reshape their organization that the Intelligence Community will fail to compete in the ai era. Now i am hesitant what the military presence here today but i will make the next point. The department of defense and the way to identify ai relevant skills that already exist in the workforce bipap. So i will make it out alive thank you very much. [laughter] and to capitalize on the technical challenge. And that those were close to adequate Government Agencies are not fully utilizing authorities to recruit a high talent due to risk aversion and those to hold them sufficiently accountable. And expanding fellowship and Exchange Opportunities can give officials and servicemembers access to cuttingedge technology from the Top Ai Companies into federal service. Those that have valuable skills should have an opportunity to use them when they return to Government Service with those security agencies struggle to compete for top ai talent. And the opportunity to solve unique and exciting problems and have a positive impact and if it exist any disparagement of the workforce and recent graduates. There are two additional hard questions. And since the talent pool depends heavily on students and workers with the ability to attract top mines from around the world and if we failed to do so it is unclear how we will complete it on compete in colleges and universities are constrained with Computer Science generally. It is increasing it ten times the rate of the tenured staff. So it continues this discussion we have asked doctor monique chairman and director of the Global Institute and i take liberties with names it allows me to use the consonants that i use a lot. [laughter] and the chair for singularity. With these two questions primarily but not exclusively how important is structure to capitalize on emerging technologies and then to Resource Solutions effectively and ethically. Very thoughtfully. [laughter] so organizational construct is important and with the existing workforce but let me create a quick stat for you that begins before that i think the four things we need to have two effectively integrate these technologies into the workforce first is you have to have imperative if the organization doesnt believe that it must then it is a technology are left to the innovators and you will have change but not at scale or speed. So the Intelligence Community to see the world as it is and understand your mission is not about secrecy but knowing more sooner and if you look at this world with abundant data and Ubiquitous Technology than if you are the Intelligence Community then we must find a way to introduce the ability to handle data otherwise you will sit into what is left over after the mission in earlier panels talked about the information infrastructure to support it, we are all having different stages and most of us built it for human use and now we try to figure out and with those algorithms but also that brings people into the mix of those to play the capabilities. And if you dont have that infrastructure it has barriers and you cannot get that curiosity to get the organization to figure out what you can do. And organization to support technology that i would say we could attract anybody. With that possibility that when they come that they can find outside and cannot stand to pursue their craft. To support them and that you have to think of that organizational model has to change but working into it is not necessarily the model that we need. But that organizational model changes and to transfer ideas at speed and the last one is you need process. Because even when a leader wants it with infrastructure supporting it and the organization to demand it, all of that comes crashing that was never expected to be designed. Because that information process so to think about who we are putting in charge so how you deal with the mixed workforce . You need to provide the opportunity for those who want to come and then to treat them and from other solutions and we do have a demographic problem we will have to address and that is the most urgent need because fundamentally it is a technical world to trust the idea is coming up to effect a solution. And i appreciate those four points. And primarily everything that you said. First of all im delighted to be here and thank you for having me. I know theres still a lot more work to come and the talented workforce it is absolutely critical and when you think of the triangle that is government and the private sector what is it about the ai talent specifically i would argue basically so i will frame these as problems the first one are too few problems we dont have enough with distinctive k lawn ai capabilities and you can argue broadly in the economy there are too few problems that we need to solve coupled with the second problem that i call the pipeline problem. That looking at k12. And then to have that good domestic privately but also those that come to the United States. But that pipeline issue that i was struck by the fact and the fellow agents that suggest only something less than 3 percent of all it professionals, that is problematic. So the pipeline challenges so with the talented workforce we have a many types needed problem. And of the talented workforce for ai. Not just the deep experts and with the fundamental research and those to understand how they have to use these technologies. To categorize the different types that are needed. And the different kinds of capabilities some of those are easier to transition to that problem number four is a flow problem which is a challenge and then it doesnt work very well but then you could argue and in the private sector. Itll go one almost goes to private sector almost entirely. And it is real even for universities. And 23 years ago at that time if you were looking at the best Government Research of ai robotics you look at a handful of universities. This is the most fundamental research. This is a big challenge. We have known the conversations and i might characterize this as a mission problem that if you can imagine at the time when people can imagine it to do something good for the world like Public Service and that would be good for society. So look at the young graduates as one of the ways to change the world. So arguably the monopoly that Public Service use to have, the mechanism has now many other competitors. So what does this mean for organizations . And there are some useful lessons from the private sector. One of the things that Companies Understand it is more fundamental for what they do and they have come to realize but it is fundamental and called enterprise. But in fact they are just dealing with it in the corner but this shows up in a few places so i wont go into that but the me take a twist to the infrastructure question people will tell you that with the algorithms you also need tools and data. What is one of the reasons people go to private sector and then to give people access to the infrastructure that they need without that organizational change that was required. And then with that agility and pace and the defense agencies historically it doesnt quite match the pace of that the rationale requires for testing and so forth. All of those that are comfortable doing that. So one of the things with the Investment Technology of the private sector for every dollar investment that you make you need to invest another 20 and change management. Is just buying the technology that all the change ics see happening in the organization before it can fully capitalize. Maybe this is what you are alluding to do the actual change that actually has to happen and something that we really havent talked about is carrier pathways. One of the thing that helps is when you bring people into an organization and the Career Pathway where they can see to the highest level on the basics of the unique skills. We did this all the time until we started to see chief Technology Officers at the table and then people can see the clear Career Pathway. This was not taken seriously. It was people to see how they could progress in the organization. That is something fundamental that will be required at the nsa taking it to the topic of leadership. Those are some lessons learned. Wonderful. Thank you for inviting me and for the work that has been done on the report we look forward to seeing more on the output. I think tank based in Silicon Valley is neither about the singularity nor a university is not a university because in the United States to be accredited you have to put in your curriculum every two years but we change it every two months we have experts in everything from Artificial Intelligence and nextgeneration medicine and i can pull from their brains the impact on the future organizations and the future of learning. So the way that i read these questions typically the framing i often get is so to understand this are we putting efforts on upgrading humans or trying to change the systems . My answer is yes. Because it is a disadvantage to the opportunities to help the right kind of skills and capabilities that have those tools of learning than they will have a continual mismatch. So the framing that we are referring to going from agriculture to industrial economy with a digital worker economy and a shorter period of time so for humans there is a bunch of ways we are reacting to that and technology is a great enabler but also increasing the pace so we are shifting to a portfolio of work instead of one person one job and the ambiguous set of constructs and activities it also wondering when my kid will get a real job the answer is a day job and working on a start up with your friends and were at night will change the world. So how you think about how you leverage that unbundling of work to channel human energies to solve the problem that you want. Thats the first opportunity were trying to help bigger issues that we could actually leverage because it takes opportunity if we change our organizations in the right way. And then where technology can be helpful if we use it correctly. Talk about the half a dozen ai superpowers. So what that we can be supported to solve the problems of tomorrow with those organizational issues in the same way the constructs the organization itself is a whole idea of hierarchy. And in shift we created the organization and i use the analogy of a box there is scarcity inside and outside the box. And we do that as a rational response to build factories and channel the energies of humans when the best technology was a carrier pigeon now we have these digital distraction devices we can communicate with half the people in the world the organization has to change so basically the idea is to shift to a model of a network the more you unbundle and soften the wall that is germane to agencies of mentorships to leverage crop crowd sourcing platforms or anything that allows you to take advantage of the resources and the skill sets of people to help solve these problems you can open up that box with a better advantage to have nine courses right talk about these issues but it isnt any more about change management bat managing change there is a mentality that there is a future state and then you are done so whats the difference . We have a plan is only managing change we cannot see at any point it will slow down our favorite phrases today is the slowest day of the rest of your life. You will look back in ten years and say i remember when you didnt embed chips in your head. We always say it will increase to the idea that actually has some future static state we dont see that. So that process to help people to continually adapt especially with the lens of ai and the technologies themselves that will not slow down they will always increase we need a new way to think about these problems. Now my head hurts. Because i listen to the three of you and there is a very simple refrain i can put forth is that you are demanding from us or asking these organizations that the government academia to do something in ways that we are not organically poised to do. Because again you are throwing out the entire model that has built an entire framework and you say Going Forward with that model Going Forward of the things that we speak of and that is necessary for National Security the way we went about it up until now will not get us to nirvana. Thats right. And not scary. I would be scared if i thought the future world was for humans to self organize. One of the difficulties of the last 20 years of communications of the pony express stays when there was value that humans still try to process and the private sector tries to figure out where we try to go. You need government but government cannot act in this world to provide the functions it does in the same way. I love your quotation on change and mine is different but i love relevance more. So what is the function of government it cannot affected the way we have. It isnt working. It is too slow. Do you still have the people . But people without imperative will have a hard time to deliver the outcome that we need in the imperative just to prosecute a technology has limitations to what look at marker loan Mark Zuckerberg sitting in front of congress when he started he didnt understand the responsibility of that volume that technology has and now he does. So im not concerned because of organizations understand their modality to develop new craft as you articulate then i think we can get there but if we think it is willynilly or hold onto the ways ive done in the past that is antithetical to the progress that we need and then people say lock that down. It is some combination. You working government for more than a year or two. Since i was 20. How in the world . Im serious you have sticky floors and obvious ceilings that would potentially prevent us with the outlines what are those that are getting rid of the ceiling and sticking with and sticking us from the floor . The leadership sets the direction and the parameters and from a government perspective my responsibility is to have deeper pocketbook i wont endorse schumers proposal but that is a foundational frame and the other thing is we need to create a permeable membrane for talent and ideas and prophecy but it just cant be one way. The private sector has to realize there are solutions have to work at scale. So leadership and then reinvestment in the foundation to allow us to have the basis for application Going Forward. I am a little more optimistic than the question suggests. [laughter] for the following reasons but the call to action at the end of it i see there is a lot of instances of the kind of change and innovation we are talking about whether the Defense Department innovation board look at what leaders are doing and then to provide mechanisms to move back and forth so you have multiple examples this is good look where general shanahan and others i had the pleasure to cochair with the admiral task force of National Security and innovation so those that are emerging with the practices it is too small and too incremental and not moving quickly enough. And so to live with that to adapt and change over time so talk about the investment question is it just some fun numbers on this but then to invest in basic research but the peak of that was 1964 with a sustained research now we stopped for a while but now its about 6 percent of gdp. Now look at the other side. They are on path if they keep up the wage of investment spending at a time whereby all expectations that the scale and pace we are talking about requires we move much faster so with the call to action this is to do the bigger and faster is a problem and faster is a problem dont because of those budgetary allocations with those dynamics. But thats the reason why we find a way to bring the public along because we have to get the support. Its a democracy. Thats the beauty of the country but we have to bring the public along to understand this is foundational and fundamental. I am the last person to suggest complacently and nimbleness of Government Agencies but this is a work in progress we have all these poster children talking about nimble comely companies and i have spent time with the board of directors and the ceos asking the exact same who have all the problems like the innovators so they all try to focus on these issues but what you find there is some consistencies of first there are courageous leaders those that are setting the north star and then focus on managers because thats the linchpin that decides if your Organization Lives or dies. And a half to trade in a new model. If you want a great book on the subject is that in teaching dont get me started on education because i will go off on that but although i have no moral standing because i never went to college. But the old model is on the stage and we need to move the guide on the side and thats exactly the model to help them to think not controlling the work of their employees but enable them to define a problem and often with a focus on is alignment once you have the path the direction you are going what is the role of every individual to enable that change and that ongoing process . Thats part of my answer. They have some processes they go through to build these organizations that could be learned from. But these issues. Yes and the environment where the risk is higher. Yes there is that dynamic tension what type of Risk Management process you put in place and its not just you are managing your citizens money but also the ability to have a secure country. If you have questions please raise your hand. A lot of what we are speaking of i was worried during the first part of today i wasnt on i was worried what we were going to talk about but if you want to re ask or stated in a different way now is your opportunity to do so. If you care to weigh in please do so at this time please state where you are and where you are from. The American Psychological Association One of the things that i hear you say appear discussing the workforce i still here mostly Computer Science and technology. And again i know my comrades in the dod since i serve their 23 years but i want you to expand on the diversity of talent that you need and what an ai professional actually is. So first there is Research Going back to the 19 fifties when we shifted to a consumer economy that did good work on understanding human skills there are these things called knowledges and transferable skills. So these are anchored or rooted in a particular arena and what we have done is we are so over index on the specific knowledge that is needed at a particular period of time to train people to solve problems our Education System are geared to these other skills. The shelflife decays rapidly. So instead what is the rate of portfolio of the skills that we need there will always be these deep knowledges that will change to be the equivalent of the car mechanic. But a lot of people dont know how to drive the car they need a range of perspectives to solve problems with dynamic themes. It is clear and google did an analysis theres only actual two characteristics of Psychological Safety and psychological diversity. So it has to be a lot of the skills that people are trained in psychology and a range of different liberal arts background because thats the only way you will solve the problem but we heavily over index in Silicon Valley and are ignoring the others one thing the report does a nice job to articulate that the majority of them are not Computer Science but the community recognizes this itself i have been involved to set up these institutes at stanford and by design it is a multidisciplinary institute so yeah people from law and philosophy and these codirectors of the institute one is a scientist one is a philosopher. So to see the recognition it takes multiple skills so we do need to move away from the ai skills topic primarily about Computer Science because it isnt. I think this is a technical world. You need to be comfortable with technology. You may not be the person developing but if youre not comfortable with technology then you will have a hard time. Second is as these technologies become more ubiquitous Critical Thinking and then say you want to use that. So if you take kissingers comments and if you believe you have a responsibility for use you will get to the issue because nothing changed about the organization just to introduce a technology. You have to understand the responsibility for the Critical Thinking piece. And with the resurgence of the liberal Arts Education and even more broadly because that will make a difference in terms of progress. Forgive me for being fixated but to be disruptive with public and private sector. And affirming the composition will again be diverse and a number of ways. But that again is not natural or easy to manage. Historically. Say that out loud. [laughter] and because of that. So to serve in the Intelligence Community for all these years but its the best first five or ten years of your career. It is. To understand the use case to have more responsibility early. Who thinks that is sexy quick. But thats it we talk about in the field. We can imagine a company to save you want the talent the first five years to be government. One of the greatest places you have to stand is purpose. My father is a recovering minister who was laid off and he went to go help other ministers that were being laid off he wrote a pamphlet that turned into a book which is what color is your parachute. So i was actually trained in the Family Business and his construct that broke down jobs and the characteristics including skills and knowledge is. But the center of it was purpose so when the board of directors pound on the table why young kids will come to work for their companies they say what is your purpose. What is the purpose of your organization cracks you have to understand the Public Sector that is your superpower it is the process the first five or ten years. You dont have to make that up but actually help to move the needle. The private sector needs to be a better mission quick. One example that though whole model i get a bunch of innovators making a problem clear. Thats why talk about the future of work we have to become more problem centered agencies are process centered and then they forget what they are trying to solve the more problem centers you are become it is clear you can have an impact code for america basically at the state of california that made marijuana legal takes the records of 50000 people i had convictions on their record to wipe them out and that was only done because you buy innovators into solve the problem. Good afternoon. Im from the army reserve the question about reform that there is the tech problem in data and then another talent and i would like to question with the offramp for the middle and affectionately providing to retain because many of the people that you have are leaving out of frustration with the data is lack of implementation. So we just need to tackle those problems. So just the Demographic Group of not people who want to participate but people who are just waiting until their tenure is up, thats a difficult thing. But its something that we will need to. Second if we dont create the environment where the talent we bring can thrive then the promise would not have been enough. And it use to be this is where some of the tough problems could only be addressed so if you wanted to do mathematics or work with computing you had to be in the government if you wanted to do information you had to be in government. Now there are so many other outlets. When i talk about that stack of infrastructure and process it is to get at that problem. Now. That is a big problem for us thats why to say i want you to go out and work on your craft. Develop new things. The National Security tent is much bigger than government institutions which is why we can address the new merit problems of supply and demand and the problem to keep people engaged but what i think the nation really needs without having them having to wait until we solve the bureaucratic issues of government structures as they exist today. Redistrict the small step to say i will free that up and not worry about the solesourc solesource, that is a way for us to jumpstart. And the companies would love it to. Because it inoculates their people with the issues of scale and regulation and security that are important nationally as wel well. Is there another hand back here cracks. I work as a project manager i just graduated from the stanford Computer Science department a lot of people are talking about their first job out of college specializing in ai but noticing over and over it so hard to turn down a super high paying job in the private sector with Stock Options and bonuses. So what are the most concrete proposals with the pay gap beyond tour of duty but to bring them for the longterm . A couple things. So the idea that when people that have Public Service in mind with these foundational technologies so why wouldnt the federal government right off their loans . It may not pay them then why not underwrite their education that they have invested in these technologies . So maybe that bonus check maybe that could make an impact. So the reason like tours of duty initially the idea that there is a period of time focusing on a specific problem and then go make a bigger paycheck and industry that especially with Student Loans you are thinking about and the longterm arc of your career. So first to up the volume on purpose. So if you give people to jobs and wine pays pretty well but it lacks the purpose that they feel the reason they are on the planet and another pays less but has the purpose baked in, if you could factor out the circumstantial issues like student lou Student Loans they will choose number two over and over depending on the risk profile. Like the private partnership between and these are the organization. And then but the private sector. I am so sorry about that. And the workforce and mit. I just came out, tour and industry as part of the first cohort of Machine Learning university but this idea of the democratization of ai may have developed to upscaled air force. So those that are in the pipeline so what is the role for industry and academia like Lincoln Laboratory that help to upscale this organic capability within dod . I am always worried about words much likely to upgrade their own capabilities but not trying to be the word police but there is no reason there is an organization that private companies that have so many of these resources. Where they can be continually identifying the skills that they want and the process by which they can dynamically connect to that program. I think we could do that with them much larger scale. So that agencies to a job with the kind of work that they can do with government. And then to do a Machine Learning on climate systems the government has better data on that than anybody. So they have better assets to offer. Time is up. Forgive me one word answer for each of you what you are most excited about for the ai future. How to solve the hottest problems in the world. Potentials. Curiosity. Thank you very much. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] he needs no disc to english introduction but are distinguished speaker thank you so much. [applause] now we have conversations going on. There are big issues out there. Thank you for the introduction what this commission is doing to bring together academia and business is critically important so thank you for inviting me to speak its great to be here. The world around us is changing at a pace faster than ever before new technologies are emerging to think about plan and prepare for war. Twenty years ago i saw firsthand the transformative power from desert storm with the 101st Airborne Division the deepest aerosol into Enemy Territory in only 96 hours the first three brigades were cutting off the republican guard. It was the proving ground for a new generation of military weapons and equipment from laserguided smart bombs to widespread use of gps with the Iraqi Military defeated a number of days they demonstrated mastery of a digital revolution that was cutting edge soviet technology considered obsolete. Since and they have been trying to catch up. Five years ago they surprised the world how far they have come july 11, 2014 Ukrainian Forces assembled 5 miles near southeastern ukraine coming off those successes the battalion was preparing a final push to the border. Followed by cyberattacks of command and control and Communication Systems after a flurry of artillery rained down on them it inflicted tremendous damage. Dozens of soldiers killed hundreds more wounded most Armored Vehicles were destroyed. The strategy hinges on the ability of our armed forces to adapt to an environment characterized by a new threat by your adversaries. We are committed to making the investments necessary to accelerate our innovation and technologies that will help us a head of the curve especially Artificial Intelligence. Advances in ai have the potential to change the character of warfare for generations to come. Whichever nation harnesses ai first, will have a decisive advantage on the battlefield for monday monday years. We have to get there first. Showers will be fought not just on the land and in the sea as they have for thousands of years, or in the air as they have for the past century, but also in outer space and cyberspace in unprecedented ways. Ai has the potential to transform warfare in all of these two ladies. The indians remains to be the guidepost as we adapt the horse of this new environment. Indias part is prioritizing china first and russia second as we transition into this era of Great Power Competition. Beijing has made it abundantly clear that it intends to be the world leader in ai by 2030. Present she has says that china must ensure that the intention marches in the front ranks when it comes to Theoretical Research and its important area of ai and occupies the high ground and critical core ai technologies. For instance, implements and ai enable more and cost of fedex at thomas vehicles the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army is moving aggressively to deploy the cross the fighting domains. While the u. S. Faces mighty transition the world his most advanced military, the way i enable system, china believes it can leapfrog our Current Technology and go straight to the next generation. In addition, developing conditionals systems for example, beijing is investing in lowcost, longrange, autonomous and unmanned summaries. They believe it could be a costeffective counter to American Naval power. As we speak, the Chinese Government is already exporting some of the most of this military aerial drones in the middle east. As it prepares exports nextgeneration, self uavs, with us, live. In addition, chinese weapons manufacturers are la drugs advertised as capable of full autonomy including the ability to go direct legal and targeted strikes. There is also ample evidence that china is developing and employing ai to strengthen this holy grip over his people. All signs. To the construction of a 21st century surveillance state. Designed to censor speech and deny human rights on an unprecedented scale. Look no further than its use of surveillance systematically suppressed more than a million muslim leaders. Beijing has all the power. And it has the tools of these two core chinese industry. Equally troubling are the outside firms or multinational corporations that are inadvertently providing the technology more research behind, chinas unethical use of ai. Cooperation with beijing has consequences not just for democracy and human rights but also for the strength of our partnerships abroad. If our allies and partners turn to chinese five g platforms, for example that will inject serious risk intercommunication and intelligence sharing capabilities. Our collective security must not be diminished by short and in a row cited focus on economic opportunity. Russias made some instant tensions equally clear. Calling the ai the future of humidity in describing the technology is the key to the pharmacy on the world stage. Moscow is already demonstrated its eagerness and use the latest technology is against democratic nations of the ideals of free and open societies. We shouldnt doubt their abilities on the battlefield. I mention ukraine example earlier. We expect russia to continue to deploy increasing the hightech ai capabilities in current and future combat zones. The United States on the brother hand, will offer a vision of ai that upholds American Values and protects our fundamental belief in liberty and human rights. We will harness the potential of ai to create a horse fit for our times. We believe there is tremendous opportunities in enhancing a wide range of departments capabilities from the back office to the frontline. We will do this while being recognized that the world leader in military ethics. By developing principles for using ai and a lawful and ethical manner. In line with the indians, we set up a joint Artificial Intelligence center. His role is to integrate the power of ai across the monday levels of the department of defense. Not only are we doing this in areas such as Predictive Maintenance maintenance and cyber defense, but also with more complex applications like joint were fighting. We dont approach ai or any technology for that matter as a panacea. We also see it as a tool for a valuable resource and manpower sort of war fighters and operators can focus on higher priority tasks and be more efficient and more effective manner. Our ultimate goal, is to get the war fighter into the cloud. We must be able to uphold our best streams of data and delivery i capability out to the tactical edge. This will require the wholesale commitment to modernizing our war fighting systems and cultivating a premier workforce and strengthening our partnership across the entire sector. Recognizes challenges and were committed to addressing them. Success is also contingent upon protectable and adequate and timely funding. Now about going impacts our ability to accelerate Ai Development at the speed and scale necessary to stay ahead. Our adversaries are not slowing down in the United States cannot afford to either. Congress much understand the shortterm, budget uncertainty is longterm strategic implications for our nations security. The technology is constantly changing, our commitment to the law and the ethics and the duty, does not. The departments history clearly demonstrates our ability to invest in and develop and deploy, systems that reduce risk while while fighters in our increasing our combat effectiveness for the ultimate purpose of protecting the security of the american people. We will ensure that we develop this technology in ways that uphold our values. An advanced security and peace and stability of the same time. Some of the private sector have raised concerns about working on ai for the United States military. Unlike some parts of the world, american have a choice in who they work with. That is the virtue of our Free Enterprise system. Let me be clear, the question has brought weather ai will be used by militaries around the world, it will be. The real question is whether we lead our authoritarian governments dominate ai and by extension, the battlefield. Whether the ends and the street, the United States our partners, can Work Together to lead the world and responsible ai research and applications. When america unleashes its collective genius of industry and academia there is no one that can compete with us. I saw this firsthand in the gulf war. Our history is right with brother examples. During world war ii, the titans of industry and hardworking patriots actually called transform detroit into the arsenal democracy. After the split logs, we rallied our best and brightest bird we created document and as a way to control of the space race. Asset and ai will have similar in mission and commitment. Unite are no stranger to the source of challenges. The market is present to the test before we must do so again. We need your help. We need the full horse of american intellect and ingenuity in working in harmony across the public and private sectors. Major leadership in your vision. We need to ensure to remain in strategic action forms a commission such as these, to Pioneer Solutions that will deter aggression and provide from our collective security. Thank you for your time and i look forward to our discussion. We met compact thank you. Thank you secretary. Thoughtful remarks. Its clear that you guys have been thinking about ai and what it offers to her military. Also how it could be enabling our adversaries. A new and different effect. I would like to pull up on some of your comments thank you so much for sharing with us. I like to understand how the deity might be communicating with industry and challenging them to solve our most president National Security issue. We are reaching out in a number of different ways everything from the traditional way of posting notices and rfps and things like that to inform to say tank his sessions to reaching out to academics directly if you will. You and i were talking before hand, when i was secretary of the army we used to have the ai task horse at the university of pittsburgh and its been a whole day out there working with some of the researchers and neither Industry Partners that shared up for the ground breaking. Were trying to reach out to a number of different levels, with regard to industry, not just the big players on the block but all of the way down to the small innovators. Thats where you tend to find your greatest innovation and ingenuity. We need to make sure that we do it comprehensively. Weve got to have the best and brightest from across the country again for all of those different sectors make sure that we can continue get to the instate quicker than the chinese and russians can. Weve god bless you. Weve had a lot of conversation about speed. I say this is an important conversation to expand on and i understand you just mentioned, the say tanks that you have had the defense innovative common and provide recommended at the pretzels brightest of not just me, is conforming to our values as a society. What are your thoughts about the report and have you had a chance to say about where these principles might be implemented across departments. In my remarks, and we always have, conduct ourselves ethically and legally and morally. I was very please with eyewitness on the report that just came out last week. And this is the set of principles but in terms of going about in applying them to ai, reaffirms the same principles we apply to brother systems that we have been using for monday years. Some very pleased that the outcome of the report for those of you who have had a chance to look at it, it is very comprehensive. It balances out a number of Different Things and it talks about the need for continued exploration of these topics. To make sure we get it right. This is one we cannot afford to get wrong. One of the things that i am very concerned about. On the commission his had a lot of dialogue about which is our Human Resources and how are we going to attract that cal talent and institutionalize into the department. He had a chance to say about those concerns and we might be able to do to attract the right dive boat talent to be able to do this business in the future. With nothing but most things, tell it is the key and make sure you are able to access the best and the brightest and be able to record them and them and keep them happy and busy. The faces same challenge over the past monday years with fiber. I saw this not just from the government perspective but also the army to be built the army cyber started recruiting and retaining there. Also from the private sector we seem to all, the industry and government and academia, all competing for the same handful of people. Because these are very talented exceptional folks. They have great opportunities to work in the private sector for large sums of her name. In this types of things. So what we have to do is make sure we find different ways to attack and because we cannot compete with the private sector when it comes to compensation we can offer you a chance to serve his country, to do things that are very interesting and maybe do things that are illegal in the private sector. [laughter] but exciting nonetheless. But it is a tremendous part. We tend to bring together a great deal of folks and what i have always enjoyed with my common service, others in the military or in the deity, new york read a great group of people who are focused on something bigger than themselves. Bigger than the bottom line. And you get committed to that. And again i say that it seems cliche all of the time but this is the space race. Whoever gets the first, is going to dominate. Weve got to use largely at the space first. What you need it and we dominated the heavens for decades and we still do. And we need to get there first on ai. And we need to maintain that link. A continued investment. So what were trying to do now is make sure we leverage authorities number given to us by congress to make sure that we can continue bring in people and recruit them and use different techniques to bring the minute midcareer and bring them in the different compensation package and went up. So looking at ways to get outside of our own bureaucratic methods to make sure we can balance all of these things out. And is so good that you come from a Service Background and relevant to this position. I say one of the things that we are seeing is the commission is, the change of more fighting. What do you see now that you are in this position coming from the army with all its challenges and the ai battle. A mature and the secretary his position, we do see that deity is going to face in the future that is different with the way ai will influence. They mention this in my remarks, and wont change the nature of war but it will change the character of work which is a majorleague horse if it can happen. Ai will transcend everything we do so saw it on just worth fighting but Predictive Maintenance which is one of the areas of the lease in the army, were trying to get ai involved in immediately. Do you say about what it does and you can really use ai to optimize your maintenance, you get higher reliability rights and you get up fewer breakdowns and get better efficiency of the system etc. But then theres the brother end. We talked about speed and decisionmaking. These days, i wasnt in the armor i was in the infantry but i know a little bit about it. If your platoon leader or tech commander if you will, you got people actually looking out of the bible battlefield and calling out the enemy targets. He upsets her supreme but imagine in a world that you have ai and it is constantly scanning the horizon. And its immediately, within milliseconds, it is sorting out what is the civilian truck and what is in him an enemy combatant vehicle. Which one has in store it pointed at you and which one doesnt. Which one is the immediate threat. It just allows you so much greater reaction to the enemy. As for the men look decides whether you pull the trigger or not. Enabling quicker and faster decisions that allows us to be successful in the battlefield and bring our folks home two. This just a war fighting application bread we can go towards anything. Audits of the deity. Its never been done before. [laughter]. We are getting there. But everything. Ai prince to everything we do. Make sure we get it. That is why we are trying to move as quickly as we plan can. You mentioned during your preliminary notes here, about your interest in your Energy Behind ai and we do actually been through your confirmation hearing, you mentioned it is on your highest priorities. You refer to the joint Artificial Intelligence committee. What are your thoughts for the future and how do you say your leadership will be able to talk down as well as bottomup law in our department at that the bureaucracy that you are discussing into our future. Has brought as efficient as it should be and we are trying to take advantage of authorities by congress but it is slow. And the biggest problem deity in terms of acquisition is the culture. It is very risk adverse. We got to change the culture. If you change the laws first, the regulations of the practices and i say that the services are moving forward on the indifferent rates. But weve got to empower the jake to capture these things. To make sure that we get there quicker. When the race, we have to get to the end state quicker than the chinese can and quicker than russian skin. There are a few key technologies out there, but ai is number one. Twentythree and four lookalike Directive Energy hypersonic tenant for brother things like that. Even with the systems with those hypersonic or directed energy, ai is still going to enable them in terms of how you employ them and how you maintain them and all of that so that is white ai pops up. You mention your conversations here the issue of have you seen some good collaboration between government and academia in history. I recall there was some activities from the army, have you got some examples that you can bring to the forefront the to get people asked that risky equation. I wish i had some of the hand. Mr. Before we kicked off ai task horse at Carnegie Miller university and were doing some good initial work there. A number of different players are involved. Obviously the army is deeply integrated in austin texas with the future scans. Theyre doing a lot of work try to cut through bureaucracy and getting cross functional teams to do that. But again all of the services are looking for different ways work we can really accelerate the progress that we need to get there and get sufficient investments right now the dod is in the final weeks if you will, as you have recalled, loving his budget for the next year. And again ai is one of those court Critical Technologies we need to get to. And has brought just the her name, it is the people. People number one and then all the systems that you need to enable them to do the jobs do them well. You mentioned the talent in trying to recruit. There is a pipeline as you know the went and experience not just in the army but now in broader context of the dod. Science and technology and Early Research and the investment is so important. What are your thoughts about the future and that investment and what you say it might be need it in the department. With regards to the personal side, one of the biggest things we are pushing in the army, unconfident the secretary mccarthy and she must have are still Talent Management met Talent Management. Winter overhaul the personal system. It was holding us back into anyways. That was just for the military side. Surveillance side as well. Need to be looked at two. The dod has great work. We do a number of things really well. But when he comes to talent, we are still working in an industrial edge system. It is regulated by the executive branch. Regulated by congress and has a number of countries but on that but we need to get beyond that. We need to say beyond the fox. Because the theme of the day it is the talent. So like we are in the noncompetitive environment. Were competing against industry and say tanks and these folks are in high demand. Their low density, at this. Given opportunity here with this community at the academic, a mix of civilians etc. Is there anything call for them to say about it would help you in your problemsolving. I say the more you can help us. Out what are the obstacles we are putting in our own way. Even if challenges out there. External to us, exogenous. What we need to do better. What are you seeing that im not seeing. I try every month to meet with groups of ceos or heads of associations and talk about what can we do better how can we see ourselves better. Because typically what i hear is everything is okay, everything is great and everything is green. There is no problem. But we do reach out there, and you walk around and visit folks and talk to companies and talk to our interpreters, get a different story. Just try to beat those down one at a time as we realize, we are not doing this well. We need to make some adjustments to the system here and really up our talents. I will take any problem that allows us, to better and ideas you have for us to perform. All of those things out because this is is it too important. You. Your remarks have been excellent. Is there anything you would like to share beyond what i have asked you. I will just keep footstomping it. The dod doesnt have the monopoly and great ideas here are certainly all of the talent. So much of it is coming from the private sector. We really need your help. And be cautious of what is happening out there in the world. As i like to tell our nato l allies european friends, two weeks ago, top and on this top topic, i tell them dont write off what we are staying as United States scare monger or the dod scaring about china. Dont say we are overstating the problem. We are certain serious we have been asleep at the switch for a long time. We are finally waking up in the past couple of years. The National Defense strategy is what the pointed the dod in the right direction. Now in an era of Great Power Competition for china it is a great competitor number one a russian number two and we need to be prepared for high intensity and conflict across the five domains of warfare. No longer three. That is where we are headed. We need your help to get there. Thank you sir. Very much. [applause] watches cspan Networks Live next week. The last Intelligence Committee holds the first public impeachment hearings. The Committee Led by chairman adam schiff, will hear from three straight Department Official starting wednesday at 10 00 a. M. Eastern cspan and top u. S. Diplomats in ukraine william taylor, Deputy Assistant secretary of state george kitt will testify. And then on friday, 11 00 a. M. Eastern cspan two former u. S. Ambassador to ukraine, yellow that you bought a visual pair of the committee. The testimony from the deposition and find transcripts of cspan2. Arc impeachment. Sunday night i book tv and nine eastern on afterwards, former speaker of the house newt gingrich, with his latest book, trump versus china. I dont say the chinese have any great planning and certainly in the next 20 or 25 years. To try to take us on militarily in a traditional sense. But i do say they are trying to build the kind of Cyber Capabilities and say this is part of where wally is actually an Extraordinary National asset for them. I say they are trying to build capability and space both of which have global implications. The tenney street, New York University journalism professor, talks about her new book, diversity inc. What i am not optimistic about is white americas ability to see past the fiction of africanamericans and the centuriesold demeaning images. People and how that has as much to do with the lack of diversi diversity. Watch webtv every weekend on cspan. Our cspan 2020 bus team is traveling across the country visiting key battleground states in the 2020 residential race asking voters what issues they want president ial candidates to address during the campaign. Focus on has to do with Environmental Justice and rights grant coming from michigan and growing up here, i see the consequences of the aftermath of the water crisis and currently the detroit water shutoff which doesnt get enough attention in my opinion. Of the candidates come out strong with policies that will fight environmentally systems and injustice broadly. Say this next election is going to be pivotal for our nation. Were going going to be looking forward to hearing about all of the things that are important in the economy and i am particularly interested in the National Debt and healthcare. I feel that those are two items that are intertwined. I know that here at the state loophole, half of every dollar we spend is on healthcare. I know we are running massive deficits nationally. Probably over 22 billion dollars trillion dollars, at this. In the deficit of considerable concern given the warnings presented by prior auditor generals and just the public in general. When i like to see, the candidates for the u. S. Presidency, must highlight is climate change. Economic development as a but we cant do Economic Development if we dont have an environment. So i like to have prioritized, making certain artworld is the better world in which to do Economic Development for our kids and grandkids in the future. Voices from the campaign trail. Battleground states to her. Next discussion on the u. S. Political system. Topics include impeachment inquiry and present trumps social media and the role of the courts. From the brookings institution, this is 90 minutes