Thank you very much. You got a lot going on. People are all over the place. Ranking member has an adhering and chairwoman has a science hearing and people will come and go. Forgive us for that. Welcome. What do we have today . For our second panel we have Catherine Lehman is the chair of the u. S. Commission on civil rights and president obama appointed her to a sixyear term on december 15, 2016. The 16. The commission unanimously confirmed the president designation to chair the commission on december 28, 2016. She also serves as a cabinet of California Governor Gavin Newsom where she has been Legal Affairs secretary since january, 2019. She served as assistant secretary for civil rights at the barman of education until 2017. Welcome. Michael waldman is president of the nyu school of law and nonpartisan law and policy institute that focuses on improving systems of democracy and justice and that rentacenter is a leading National Voice and voting righ rights, money and politics, criminal Justice Reform and constitutional law. Esther waldman is a lawyer and writer was an expert on the presidency and american democracy that has led the sender since 2005. Was dir. Of speechwriting for president bill clinton from 1985 through 1995 serving as an assistant to the president. Welcome, sir. Brenda is the Senior Advisor to the [inaudible] it is a nationally known expert in these areas. She has argued two cases before the Supreme Court again b and Voting Rights and has written extensively on democracy and Voting Rights issues. Welcome. To ms. Nunez serves as director of state operations and ballot measures strategy at common cause. She joined common cause in 2006 managing a successful a successful drive to win voter approval for the state ethics laws which limits the lobbying money in state politics. She previously previously was Campaign Manager for amendment 27, cause for the statewide Campaign Finance reform initiative. I thank you all and you will all be recognized for five minutes. The light will turn green when you begin and will turn yellow when you have one minute left and read when its time for you to wrap up. You are recognized for five minutes. Thank you. Thank you for inviting me to testify. I chaired the United States commission on civil rights and i come before you today to speak about the commissions current work of evaluating for access and Voting Rights to describe in our report leased in 2018 entitled Voting Rights access in the United States. Trying from Commission Research and investigations in memoranda from 13 of the commissions state Advisory Committee to analyze voting in alabama alaska, arizona, california, illinois, indiana, kansas, louisiana, maine, New Hampshire, ohio, rhode island and texas. The support documents Current Conditions evidencing ongoing dissemination in voting. On every measure the commission of valueadded information we received underscores the dissemination in voting. Our report found that the time we issued the report 23 states have enacted newly restricted statewide voter loss since the Shelby County decision in 2013. These statewide voter loss range from strict voter identification laws to Voter Education barriers requiring documentary proof of citizenship allowing challenges of voters on the role to unfairly purge voters from the rolls. Two cuts to early voting to moving or eliminating polling places. The conclusions of the report draws our bleak leading to unanimous Commission Findings that for example during the time study race dissemination in voting endorsed today. Likewise voter access issued in this great nation continues today for voters with disabilities and limited English Proficient voters. Following the Supreme Courts decision in Shelby County and in the absence of the preclearance of section five of the Voting Rights act voters in jurisdiction with long histories of voter dissemination have faced discriminatory voting measures that cannot be stopped prior to elections because of the cost complexity and time limitations of the remaining statutory tools. As a result, the Commission Recommends that congress should amend the Voting Rights act to restore and or expand protections against voting dissemination that are more streamlined and efficient than existing provisions of the act. This new coverage provision to take into account the reality that voting dissemination tends to recur in certain parts of the country and voting dissemination may arise in jurisdiction that do not have extensive histories of dissemination. This committee has visited and heard testimony from experts in several states i will focus my attention on issues about her access and our Advisory Committees found in other states. Here are some some examples of what voters experience with concerns of dissemination based on race and disability status. With respect to strict voter identification laws in kansas our Advisory Committee with each testimony from a native American Voter who reported being denied the right to use tribal id as acceptable a dedication even though tribal id is acceptable under state law. She testified she was so flustered when she was denied the right that she did not ask for provisional ballot and did not vote that day. With respect to to inappropriate purging our indiana Advisory Committee found certain racial and ethnic minorities may be disproportionally susceptible to a false hit and crosscheck which is a program widely used twitter to fight voters who may be registered in more than one estate. With respect to scarcity difficulty access polling places our louisiana Advisory Committee received testimony that was rated that the racial makeup of an area is the center of the number of polling locations in the area and that there are fewer polling locations for voter in a geographical area that has more black residents. In one notable instance in alaska polling place was moved away from a village and thereafter native alaskan voters could only access the polling place by plane. In New Hampshire 100 of voters with disabilities were unable to vote privately and independently in municipal elections in 2013. None of the polling places had set up accessible voting systems. With respect to voter information in illinois a county court clerk reported that in Illinois Police officers arrest and as for voting permits which do not exist. The test by the between 60 and 70 after the chicago Police Officers were armed and present at the poll intimating residents who are predominantly latino and it took the county Clerks Office between four and five hours to clear the Police Officers from the polling place. Thank you very much. You are recognized for five minutes. Thank you for the opportunity to testify today. It is a privilege to be testifying before the subcommittee at a time when it is doing such important work at this critical moment in our democracy and i believe it is fitting to start off with a big picture reflection. Today given the threats it is facing. One starting point to notice is when people recount the story of the right to vote in the United States you often hear a narrative of how it has expansion from exclusion to conclusions and the nations founding so the narrative starts with how the right to vote initially and the man who owned property and formerly enslaved men in the amendment and then they gave women the right to vote, then the Voting Rights act discrimination. The narrative here we are at the point everyone can register and vote. All of those advances have been critically important and im not dismissive of them but the work of this committee over the past many months shows us that isnt a correct picture of our history. Many have listed the right to vote has always been contested. It has achieved games and suffered setbacks. Progress has been met with pushback and each generation has had to fight and struggle to achieve or expand or defend the right to vote. Each generation has had to do that in its own way and under its own circumstances but that leads us to today. As we already heard from the Witnesses Today unless you have heard in the previous hearings the right to vote today is under attack and its under attack in numerous ways. To avoid would like to focus on the enforcement of the existing law that we have which has been seriously neglected by the Current Department of justice. That act requires to provide a Voter Registration to public assistance agencies when people are applying for benefits and when people engage in drivers license transactions. They spent a number of years investigating the extent to which states are contemplating whawith the law and we found a state after state through neglect and the administration the opportunity for the Voter Registration has often gone neglected. We worked in over 20 states and they have red states and blue states and its not just concentrated in one region of the country. We have worked over the years collaborative way with states and litigating against them to raise the level of compliance with those very important Voter Registration opportunities. One of the things that really concerns us is under the Current Department of justice there has been no Enforcement Actions to import section five or section seven of the national Voter Registration act and that is a big problem we cant cover the entire country on our own. If disproportionately targets people of color and communities of color are represented among the franchised americans beyond the representation. At the end person meant is almost six times that so to achieve the goal that is sent her to democracy, we must reform the current law for the disenfranchised persons with the convictions. All people who are incarcerated can vote, theres nothing inevitable about this. The issue of disenfranchisement is compounded by the prisonbased gerrymandering. Incarcerated persons as residence of the person they are incarcerated rather than residents of their Home Community and because they are often located far away from the Home Community of incarcerated persons. Thank you. Thank you for allowing us to testify. You are recognized for five minutes. Thank you members of the committee for this important hearing with these important series of hearings. The thing we all share, the promise we all share is that the vote is the heart of the american democracy and the right to vote is sacred as im sure weve had to fight for this right for over two centuries to expand it and make it real to ensure it is something all americans can truly share. Its plain that the systems of democracy and our electoral system is under tremendous stress at this moment. As it has been described, 25 states in the last decade enacted them to make it harder to vote for the First Time Since the jim crow era those laws have hit hardest communities of color, young people, poor people. Voter suppression remains a real threat to our ideals. The question for the committee in this congress. And going forward, how much we modernize our election system so they represent all americans. Our belief is the best way to respond to attacks on democracies to strengthen democracy. I describe this in our testimony, we look at landscape of the current election. I want to identify challenges, threats among many to be concerned about. The first is abusive voter purges. We heard about that today. We all care about having accurate and complete voter rolls. 17 Million People were removed from voter rolls over the last two year period we studied it. The rate of purging was far higher than the state that was previously covered by section 5 of the Voting Rights act and the rest of the country. And that is a concerning an suspicious fact that should make a speech troubled that these removals are not merely hygiene or permissions than that. This relates to election security, something members of congress of both parties worked on this year. We know in 2016 russia attacked our democracy. As director coats testified the red for not only russia but other potentially hostile actors trying to take advantage of the holes and risks in our system. There has been progress. In 2016, 20 of people voted on machines without paper backup records. By 2020 there was a good chance in at least a hotly contested state in the president ial election the number could be down to 0 and more must be done. The third considerable threat i want to point to is the denial of the right to vote too many many people especially in the state of florida, had their right to vote restored by amendment to the florida constitution which passed a strong bipartisan vote with 64 of the vote and we would argue being good at attempting to be gutted by the Florida Legislature and theres legislation, to address that. And we agree is vital to restore, reauthorize, modernize the Voting Rights act so it can fully and once again protect the Voting Rights of all americans and those who face Racial Discrimination and we strongly support hr one, the most significant and sweeping democracy reform legislation since 1965. That would include automatic Voter Registration which has been described as transformative reform which adds tens of millions to the roles. Finally, election security. We applaud the house of representatives for its recent move to authorize 600 million to help states meet this threat, the senate seems to be coming along at a lower level, and in negotiations both that the proper amount of funding and also to make sure the money is used for the purpose it is designed for. The public really cares about this, theres great hunger for this. In the 2014 election with lowest voter turnout in 72 years, and last year the highest voter turnout since 1914. Ballot measures passed all over the country for democracy reform, a Democracy Movement from all over the country, all political views and we encourage congress to play your role in making this a reality for our country. You are recognized for 5 minutes. Thank you for inviting me to testify before the house subcommittee today. Thank you to chairwoman funds, Ranking Member david and for all members rolling this critically important hearing. My name is elena nunez and im director a ballot measure strategies for common cause. We are a Watchdog Organization with 1. 2 million supporters in 30 state organizations throughout the country. For 50 years common cause has been Holding Power accountable for lobbying, litigation and grassroots organizing. We reduce the money and big money in politics, enhance Voting Rights for all eligible americans, strengthen ethics laws to make government more responsive and stop gerrymandering. We were founded by republican john gardner at a time republicans and democrats came together to work on pressing issues of the day. During the 1970s, because worked with many members of congress, democrats and republicans alike to pass major democracy reforms that sought to correct some of the most egregious abuses of power including the federal Election Campaign act and african government act. Similarly, each of the 5 times the Voting Rights act has been reauthorized it had strong bipartisan support before being signed into law. As you heard, in the aftermath of the Supreme CourtShelby County decision Voting Rights has become a politicized issue. You have heard about many attacks on the right to vote through voter purges, polling place closures and restrictive forms of voter id. I will focus on the more subtle forms of Voter Suppression that can keep people from being able to participate. One tactic we are seeing in increasing numbers is placement of polling sites at police stations, having a Law Enforcement presence at other polling sites which can have us Chilling Effect on murders. Move a voting policing in an African American community. In advance of the 20602018 elections rumors circulated online and buy up flyers that immigration and Customs Enforcement would be patrolling voting locations. Voters changing this information about registration, polling locations or ballot deadlines. In 2016, automated social media accounts connected to the Internet Research agency some of which were targeting African American and latino voters falsely claimed voters could vote for homes for hillary clinton. Election it ministration practices around signature processes are growing concern for Voter Suppression. Signature mismatch laws can dramatically affect voters with disabilities, women who get married or divorced, seniors and people for whom english is a second language among others, the often arbitrary application of the law can lead to bias by election officials, nearly all of whom are not handwriting experts because in most cases there are not uniform standards and ill too often there are not adequate provisions to cure signature if theres a question. In florida in 2018 most of the 10,000 votes not counted because of voter error were thrown out because of signature mismatches. One study found young voters and voters of color were more likely to have their ballots rejected, less likely to cure those problems. We believe voters are best able to participate when they have Convenient Options to cast their ballot. Efforts to reduce options mainly by reducing opportunities for early voting is another form of suppression we have seen in North Carolina, ohio and wisconsin. In North Carolina in 2013 the legislature cut early voting, a move that was eventually overturned by a court because the change targeted africanamericans with, quote, surgical precision. In addition to reducing the number of days of early vote we see a trend towards eliminating or reducing options during evenings and weekendss, times that are often most convenient for working people. These changes have a disproportionately discriminatory impact as african American Voters tend to use early voting more than white voters do. Long lines are often viewed as a sign of high voter interest, it can also be an indication of Voter Suppression when the lines are an inevitable result of for planning or inadequate resources. Machine failures due to aging voting equipped and delays in checking in voters due to more poor voter role can create backups that have a ripple effect. The us is not made election day a National Holiday or mandated paid time off from work so it many eligible voters cannot take on paid leave to wait in line for multiple hours to cast a ballot. Vote suppressors recognizing this dynamic of starred localities of resources so the actual in person voting process takes longer than americans are able to spend. Our goal should be a system where all eligible voters can cast ballots without barriers and have confidence that their votes are counted accurately. Many states do litigation, ballot measures and state legislative efforts are fighting Voter Suppression and expanding voter access. To make sure voters throughout the country have quality access federal action is needed by adopting the for the people act, the shield acts including the deceptive practices and voter intimidation prevention act, the Voting Rights advancement act. Thank you for the opportunity to testify today and i look forward to answering your questions. We will now begin with our questioning and i will recognize Mister Aguilar for five minutes. I will start with you, as a californian i thank you for your service, Legal Affairs secretary is no small position in california so i will talk to you about San Bernardino county and any additional vacancies on another platform. This is for the entire panel. In this chamber, just yesterday the Ranking Member talked about ballot harvesting and so can you talk a little bit about what the california experience has taught us, the barriers individuals have specifically the robust vote by mail system we see . This is becoming hyperpolitical and some of my colleagues across the aisle are conflating voter fraud with legitimate exercise of our electoral process and they blame losses, congressional losses on this basically telling folks thousands of ballots just kind of show up, the inference being individuals are grabbing other peoples ballots. It is becoming hyperpolitical so can you talk a little bit about ballot harvesting. Is there evidence, any testimony given to you supporting claims of widespread voter fraud my colleagues have used to pass increased Voter Suppression laws . Not only was no evidence given to the commission about widespread voter fraud, the data and research that is bipartisan reflect voter fraud is vanishingly rare in this country. The concern about that type of vote misuse, have existing criminal penalties in the Voting Rights act for voting twice and state and federal penalties for the kinds of voter fraud that already exists, it is duplicative and harmful to initiate strict voter id among other kinds of requirements in name of combating voter fraud but also the existence of voter fraud does not exist. The testimony the commission received and the updated advisory received across the many states investigating the question just dont find the existence of voter fraud at all and that extends from bipartisan research from the Heritage Foundation and the Republican National committee. A number of conservative leaning and nonpartisan organizations have researched this question and find voter fraud does not exist in this country. Any others on the panel . Thank you. I think one thing that is important to keep in mind when we talk about ballot harvesting is the system works when we give voters options to cast ballots and that means giving them options for how they return them. Best practices, you want to give voters multiple options and for some voters that may be giving their ballot to another person. Specifically, there is some good input from the native American Rights Fund specifically about how for native voters being able to have someone else return their ballot for them is critically important and there is a whole set of factors why that is the case having to do with distance from polling locations, voters living on the native organization but the upshot is if we dont allow voters how to return their ballots we are not giving them the opportunity to take advantage of expanded access that can come through an absentee ballot system. As this panel heard testimony in arizona the definition of family and native American Culture might be very different than we might now. In terms of the broad claim, the illusory claim of widespread voter fraud, research has shown in terms of voter impersonation youre more likely to be struck by lightning than to commit voter fraud in the United States and that is an established fact. The real issue is we want to make it easier for people to vote. One of 3 americans vote before election day. This is a matter of consumer choice. People need this kind of convenience. It is already illegal everywhere to fill out an absentee ballot for someone. Weve seen there are problems but that has been going on. There is no evidence that is illegal already. It is done to voters, not by voters. There is no evidence that people helping collect ballots has caused impropriety. We ought to be looking for ways to deal with actual risks to the system rather than things that are less real. I would mention that a lot of harm has been done in the name of combating voter fraud. One of the best examples is the first victims of the indiana voter id law that was put into place was a group of a dozen nuns residing at a convent who showed up at the polls, the place they had always voted, didnt have drivers licenses, didnt have passports and they had to be turned away even though the poll worker was one of the nuns who lived with them and knew each one of them personally but they didnt have the right id so they couldnt vote. We should avoid doing harm in the name of protecting against nonexistent voter fraud. Ranking member davis recognized for 5 minutes. Appreciate the ballot on harvesting. I find it odd we have a state where it is still illegal. Somebody going to jail. I have chain of custody concerns. All of us want to make sure every ballot is cast and counted correctly. We are all concerned about custody issues. The process could be manipulated. We saw that in North Carolina. It was legal in california. Somebody there may have gone to jail for the same thing, may have been able to investigate whether fraud existed better. Im interested in finding that are in c study but we will call my team i would like to get with you after words and thank you all for your testimony but we want to make sure everybody has a chance to vote and make sure the processes are in place to give every citizen of this country who is eligible to vote the right to cast that ballot. I am in illinois. We have many provisions i am supportive of that allows folks in my area to actually have every opportunity to cast the vote but we see what happened. We saw tremendous increase in midterm voting in 2018. Great. Lets not sidestep that success but build on it. I have a couple questions real quick. I dont have native american tribes but you mentioned them in your opening testimony. From my knowledge, how many native american tribes are there in the United States. It is a small number. Native americans across this country about their difficulties in casting votes the what is the overall trend for native american turnout across the country over the past few election cycles . It continues to fall below the 50 threshold, looking at turnout, very serious concerns in the first place. They didnt follow the same trend in the midterms . They may have been up but it is below the threshold. The concern is native americans in this country continue to have very difficult challenges. There polling places have been reduced, native ids are accepted where they are to be accepted. There are considerations. I was at one of our appeal hearings, great people, great opportunity to hear about a process that doesnt affect illinois. There was no registration process, you walk in and prove youve got an address in north dakota the same day you are there. All of a sudden even with no registration they were allowing the native American Tribal leaders to verify a letter from the tribe. You are seeing more things that we need to do. With respect to native American Voters i heard north dakota the turnout was substantially higher. There is improvement. An improvement that are to be celebrated but it is below 60 and that is a serious concern. We ought to be celebrating increased turnout wherever it exists and recognizing across the board in this country we have very low turnout and that is in itself a concern. What other processes do you recommend to increase voter turnout . With respect to americans we want to make sure there are accessible polling places that people have clarity including native languages about how to vote and what is involved in voting that the Supervisory Committee for the commission for astonishing testimony about failure of translated materials, people available to new were technology. 21stcentury technology could be helpful and there are particular challenges in 23 languages. I apologize i have one more question. You mentioned census accounts. They may unfairly give an advantage to rural areas and the prisoners are counted and it may affect those prisoners. Are you saying assuming most would come from more urban areas . Know. The vote solution comes in when the population is counted. The population is counted in the census is used, the data is used. Instead of their Home Community. With the same application be valid for colleges and universities . Where rural students go to urban areas . Does that unfairly punish rural areas . In colleges and universities students do have the right to register and vote in those communities. They didnt commit a crime that would put them in prison. When you look at the logic of how the system works take maine and vermont for example. Incarcerated people cast their ballots they dont cast them in the prison community. They cast them absentee from their Home Communities but the Census Bureau is counting them as residents of the prison and that doesnt match up and create all kinds of inequities. Appreciate your logic and i dont necessarily know if i agree with that but thank you for your time and thank you all. Thank you very much. Let me say a few things. We were talking about native americans. I think it is illegal for us to hold them to state standards. Their treaties with the federal government actually be held to standards of the federal government. That is number one. It is important that we understand that in 2018 their numbers were up because tribal leaders had to get new ids for all the people on their particular reservations. When you look at the fact that on some reservations the Unemployment Rate is above 60 , they were not going to buy id with other things in their community to get a new id that had to put an address on, they never had an address in all these years, they used post office boxes and all of a sudden we are going to make it more difficult because they have to have an actual address to go and vote. Im trying to figure out why they dont want us to vote. Can someone answer that question for me . Just answer it, anybody. Why make this difficult . Why dont we have bipartisan support in this . Somebody help me figure it out. You are insinuating that i dont want you to vote . Im asking a question of the panel and im not asking anything. Im asking the question why has it become so difficult for people of color, for native americans, for young people, you want weekly people in prison to kids in college. That is insane. Im reclaiming my time. Im reclaiming my time. I will not yield. The question is for the panel. The increases and impediments to the right to vote are extraordinarily distressing and the reasons could be many but the reality is the right to vote is a component of democracy and we as a country should do better and can do better and are to be better in terms of placing those impediments. What is the purpose of placing those impediments . Thats what im trying to get to. What is in somebodys like he that believes all of a sudden in the last 10 or 12 years voting has gone so off the rails that we have to change things we have been doing for hundreds of years. There has never been a problem before, wise their problem now . When you look at the history of the country it has unfortunately required a fight to expand and maintain the right to vote and the right to participate. Is the countrys changing demographically once again we are seeing a backlash and seeing laws enacted that make it harder for communities of color and others to vote. In the past and in many ways even now there is still bipartisan, left right support for these things. Last time the Voting Rights act was before this congress it passed the senate 980. So many measures described as significant reforms were enacted with bipartisan support in the state of illinois, automatic Voter Registration passed unanimously and was signed into law by a republican governor of illinois. In florida a massive bipartisan majority voted to restore the rights of vote to 1. 4 million florida residents who had their right denied because of a fast felony conviction which was a result of the jim crow era. It is still in the soul of the country a belief in the right to vote, we encourage all of you and all of us to work to modernize the system so these sites can be in the past and not the present. It seems to have taken on a life of its own, nobody knows where it started a white started. We know that it has always been an issue for a very long time but i would say this. I can trace my family back 6 generations in this country. I am as american as anybody in this room. I do not believe people like me who helps build this nation, never done anything to hurt this country should be made to go through all kinds of hoops to be able to do what the constitution gives us a right to do. Of people who said they believe in the constitution, they cant possibly because it says we all have a right, and unfettered, unabridged right to vote. It doesnt do you have a certain id or if you have been to prison you couldnt vote, you are still citizens of this nation so far as to put these roadblocks in the way i cant figure it out, you cant figure it out. It has a life of its own. I suggest you this. The more we try to the road the rights of people in this country will not stop voting. It is not going to get worse. If we are patriots and believe in what the constitution says and believe in this great nation we need to make it easier to vote. We want to talk about every other country and what they dont do. I bet you any other democracy in the world doesnt do what we do. We should make it a holiday. We should make a vote on saturday. We should give people time off to vote. We still vote on agrarian calendar that doesnt even make any sense to do today. Im going to ask each of you if you would, tell me one thing you want us to do to make it easier for people to vote in this country. Automatic Voter Registration is enormously helpful for people to be able to vote on the day of an election would be extraordinarily helpful if i were to pick one thing. I agree with you. If we continue to count prisoners where they are, when they leave and come home the resources that come from census count that stay in those places they no longer are, in second chance, and some divergent program, dont have the resources, you are one point. So many things need to be done. It is certainly vital to restore some version of a preclearance provision of the Voting Rights act that were struck down in 2013 because that really did unleash the floodgates as we have seen and that has been an enormous weakening of the right to vote. In addition to what has been mentioned, a national guarantee of effective early voting and election day registration to make it possible for as many people in our modern mobile and overworked age to vote. All of the above. It is important to make sure it is convenient to register and vote so sameday registration and automatic Voter Registration are key to having accurate role and make sure people can cast ballots in a way that makes sense whether that is early, at home, or an appalling election. Do you want to make a comment . Thank you, appreciate the opportunity and your suggestions, look forward to continuing to work with you and turn the House Administration committee forward. I appreciate the discussion on census activities. The discussion, the chair and i had momentarily to yield at the time. Dont insinuate census activities and fairness in Rural America when it comes to other folks, they dont live in permanently and the resources are as important as anywhere else. That is my discussion and i apologize if i thought you insinuated there was anything other than that but my discussion was on the census track. Im glad we have these hearings to talk about. And also make sure every single election and every vote gets to the ballot box. Just to be clear your discussion about having a choice, people in prison do not and for the Ranking Member to say they didnt commit a crime they had nothing to do with whether they are counted in the same place. It is about fairness when it comes to the census. If they are going to be counted in one part of the country and Rural America for whatever resource purpose there is the same resources when College Graduates go back to with investment programs just as important as resources, that we agreed to fund in every part of america. We can talk about it. Many of them vote at home in the first place. Who represents public universities i can tell you a lot of them dont. I would like to say, it is clearly an injustice but in terms of the issues, rein franchised people who lost the right to vote because of criminal convictions. The core of the problem and prison gerrymandering is one aspect of it. It is unconstitutional is what it is. These thank you for being here. I thank this panel and we ask the next panel. Good morning. We want to welcome our third panel. The Ranking Member has to leave us quickly. Thank you for being here