Fdr in the beginning of the war. You give speeches where you talk about the greatniece to a english. The thing about the speech sound like. From the no. Think about the speech sound like from the philippines. They didnt speeches two. The key to the radio. They would listen to them and thought england. England is an imperialist power why were we talking about the British Empire when United States is letting its own territory last impact units incident shockingly little to build up territorial defenses. Despite knowing that the war was probably going to probably probably get United States and western territories. Virtually left one in the philippines had only a few things. It was a surprise that japan was very quickly able to take these western territories of the United States and the one the United States actually did do to prepare for this expected war in the 1930s, was to the philippines on the road to independence. So that the philippines into the countdown and got independence before the war started, then the nazis would not be obliged to defend the philippines because it would be an independent country and not a problem. Anyway so the war happened, the president of the philippines, its not like an independent country, kind of like the governor of the state. Just listens to roosevelt on the radio talking about englands and he said something which kind of expresses vividly. In uncomfortably. His reaction to this. He said i cannot stand this constant reference of england tr. I am here and my people are here on the heels of a conqueror. How typically american. To rise in anguish at the fate of a distant cousin while a daughter is being raped in the back room. That is not just a metaphor. Japanese occupation of the philippines was violent and involved sexual violence. The president of a meadow is on, then asked, as if the r2 grant immediate independence of the philippines. Maybe you. If the philippines began maybe in a minute, then we can negotiate with japan and we can become a neutral territory the japanese can sort of do whatever they militarily do we want puzzles or they dont have to compress and fdr said absolutely not. You cant negotiate with japan. You have no power. You know not a head of state. In fact the United States will defend its like to the death. Which is very stern rhetoric but is also an accurate prediction. Another way of putting this was byebye the secretary of war in conversation with winston churchill. Winston churchill said, i am thrilled about the your first policy by the way. I just want to make sure that you understand what that means. They you know aware of the cause and thinking particularly of the philippines. The secretary of war looked at him and said, there are times when men have to die. And that was also an accurate prediction world war ii philippines, was an absolute lovely if it. Informed two. First the Japanese Occupation and then the fighting at the end of the work as the United States arrived to as they put it to liberate. Others might put a pit to reconquer its colonies. Bob first, United States had fortified warm so japan was able to take it that day. Japanese did fortified it. Preparing to take one from the United States, bombarded it, Sheldon Bobbitt from the shore for two weeks. Taking out Japanese Military targets but laying waste to the capital city of ghana, overall in the fighting forces of the buildings in guam were destroyed and the japanese saw themselves fighting it didnt fight, they turned on the romanians and began beheading and executing hundreds of them heads sort of rolling through the streets. As a preview of what might happen in the philippines. Shortly after, the United States and the Douglas Mccartney went to take the philippines, and particularly focuses its attention on the city of manila. The city containing a million people. At that. , the six largest city in the United States, and United States forces first started by bombarding it. But arming it. Aiming for Japanese Military targets but aware that bombs cant always discriminate friend from foe. And then the United States army, came in on the ground hoping to dislodge them from the city or japanese had set up and fortify their positions. I started by doing it this artisanal weight by entering these buildings, trying to dislodge the japanese from where they were pulled up. Leaking out the cost to soldiers site. Not huge, nothing compared to what was was suffering. Behind is it too high for the army to tolerate. So the army on the 37th Infantry Division switched tactics and decided that instead respond in the industrial way. By shelley inabilities that contains it suspected to contain hostile japanese sailors and soldiers. In the way the head of that the matter that division put it, to be the thought of losing in american live to save a building, was unthinkable. Does that make sense. Live his versus architecture. Until you understand the building lease discussion occupants and they are occupied by u. S. Nationals and by filipinos. In the buildings, next or perhaps there are some japanese as wale is it too. But its not always the case. The United States retook manila the month of fighting, block by bloodied block turning is artificial history said the blocks of the city into a bloodied pulp. Overall, in manila in about the fighting, hundred thousand filipinos died in about a thousand u. S. Soldiers died. And that is a good city after city and philippines. The entire is overtaken and overall the death for filipinos is 1. 1 million. They died in world war ii according to government counties yeah japanese, much smaller, 1. 6 million. Which is more than two civil wars. World war ii and the philippines is the bloodiest if it that ever happened on u. S. Soil. By a lot. And it is often not in u. S. History textbooks. Often not in service of the United States. Because generally when the u. S. History we are reading history of the mainland. Were not reading the history of the entire thing. So the u. S. History that happened off of the mainland, dont always factor in. Two stories we tell. The dean of the work, and the wreckage of manila, i have this account from a boy who was there. Illiterate. He was just a young boy at the time and he met a g. I. Whose handing out and gave ospreys and chocolate. And oscar looked at him and said, thank you very much. In the g. I. Lifted oscar and we have this on from oscars account was very confused. Look to him and said how do you speak english. And oscar looks back at him and said wale, right we do guys colonized as, you sent over a bunch of schoolteachers and so actually the language of instruction in Filipino School is english. And as i speak english. Is odorless back in him and says we colonized you. Oscar said i dont know what to say. How did you not know that. And the soldiers perspective, using god knows what hes been given a gun and maps until were to go in his shoe. And at no. Did it dawn on him and is there to liberate people who are like him, u. S. Nationals. He thought he was invading foreign country. To watch the rest of this program watch the sun on website. Search for danielle using the box at the top of the page. On prime time when it starts out your tv. First the 84th central and seal book award. Important contributions of racism. Our prescience and of human culture. In an author, Interview Program afterwards, Washington TimesNational Security colonists build nurse reports on china efforts to become a Global Military and economic superpower. In the 10 00 p. M. Eastern, york todays indepth program with selling author and journalist naomi klein. On consumerism. Freemarket capitalism and climate change. Then all starts now. Here is the enfield word hosted by historian henry louis gates. [applause] thank you good evening. I am ron richard president and ceo of the Stevens Foundation and i am delighted to we will you to the 84th annual book Award Ceremony named