Live coverage here on cspan2. The house returns tomorrow live on cspan. How much of an effective social media have in politics in venezuela and brazil over the last two years . Officials from america joined a representative from facebook to talk about disinformation spread of messaging platforms like whatsapp and the responsible to facebook and other Companies Operate the platforms. [speaking in native tongue] translator go ahead. Okay. Buenos dias. [speaking spanish] translator this morning i have the pleasure of introducing a brilliant panel, particularly i am pleased that there are journalists here. For a change im on cloud im on this site and youre on side. That really makes me happy, and thank you to the dialogue and finding a secret were going to talk about social media disinformation and their impact on elections. I had the pleasure and a going to introduce very quickly. I have andrea bernal, some of the most influential programs in the region and political analysis thats ntn24. And edison lanza, special reporter for freedom of expression of the American Commission on human rights. Hes been in charge litigants on the most important freedom of expression cases in the hemisphere, and is also working on report on how to defend freedom of expression in digital environment. That is why your participation today is so important. Thank you for being here. Crystal patterson is head of global civil Civic Partnership and worked into medication a Strategic Communication the public and private sector she now works for facebook and is in charge of corporate relationships regarding governance and policy for facebook. Its very important to include these platforms in this conversation because that is a central multiply. We need to know what facebook is doing to confront the challenges posed by new forms of communication on these platforms come so thank you so much for being here today. Patricia campos mello is a brazilian reporter at large for the folha de sao paulo from brazil. She plays a very Important Role within and outside of her country. Shes been, received the International Red cross award for humanitarian journalism. Shes had other awards and she knows what she has to do. She has been so deserving of the words she has received, and Hugo Alconada mon come at a dont want to offend my colleagues. But thats but thats one of the most important journalists in latin america. Hes a pioneer and also a rigorous. He has done Data Analysis and investigative reporter. You know he works for la nacion in argentina and also other media and he played an Important Role in, as a journalist and that has a Principal Party but in the panama papers, its very important he reviewed that david and brought it to the public attention. Its very important to understand Data Analysis in investigator elizabeth hardly anyone does a better job than him so im very, very happy and honored to be kicking off this panel today. Im going to have a very quick introduction and some specific question and then were going to open the floor to the audience for participation. The impact of social media and their growth has coincided with a decline in democracy. Thats the third way of democratization. And we seen such a big decline five or six use go, there were some minor setbacks but we cant really talk about any decline. However, if the starting point is at the third way of democratization, that is the reincorporation of states into rigorous democratic processes with all the problems posed by transition, then there has been a decline editing today this is recognize very clearly academics, but this has coincided with an increase in these new forms of Political Committee cash and so the question is whether theres a correlation there. Because what you can see, for example, is this correlation could be negative. For example, in tunisia what happened it could not have been successful in the air spring if it not been for the social media. And the only come in venezuela the only space is social networks but is also used to manipulate the very the port sector of the population in some countries which is and also to affect the wheels of photos. What is the relationship between these forms of political communication and social networks . We see this political, given to echo system which this takes place, this could be easily manipulate both my internal groups and by multinational groups that would be the ultraconservative groups and other ones as well. In the case of the ultraconservative groups, its quite clear, or by other countries such as the case of russia. In order to have an impact on elections. What they do, they use data to identify vulnerable audiences and spread lies and disinformation that is specifically aim at misinforming the public. This is done systematically. They use bots to distort communication as if it were human interaction, and they have troll factories that also have an impact. They simplify language and use algorithms to create echo chambers that become spaces of intolerance and polarization for it is a vicious cycle. So the first question is, if you agree that such a cycle exists, and that is the m. O. Unscrupulous people and people always existed but they never had these tools at their service. If that is the cycle, has that had an impact on elections, and how would you describe this impact . That takes me to the second question. How could you respond to these challenges . Tank to everyone, i and want to make sure i can be heard. Yes. Its always an aunt to come back every year. So thank you. The entries yes. Who governs them . Or rather, look at who is government is to look at whos elected. Etc there is an impact on the left and right. They have been elevated or pushed forward by misinformation and above are using the term rather disinformation because fake news also needs to be erased from our minds because if he to say, it is not news. We need to talk as a journalist about misinformation. It does have an impact. The people who are governing as now a day feel supported by social media and data and what trolls control centers are doing. And also by the big populist and latin american countries. And undermine the integrity of their opposition in the media. Theres a recent poll by latino voters in latin america that says 60 people no longer trust institutions, the business sector or media or ministers of justice who are the institutions over which there was a minimum amount of trust in society. So this, its not only impact institution, the three were some because these people come into power by using this information and journalist is welcome we will talk about that later about the role of journalism is to help us up if its only a matter of the media that you also have to have alliances amongst different local parties and media. We also to see how they come into office, and once theyre in power if they begin to undermine the integrity of these institutions which now are affected in those percentages whereby people no longer believe that journalists who are doing their job with data investigation, go to the scene of the events, who put together a testimony which is the most tangible because they find that people die are dying because te so medicine. So what better context to have . We had been, our credibility has been undermined, then you have been whats been happening lately. I do think the impact is huge and later we can talk about whether or not we can do this because misinformation has existed during electoral campaigns for many years. But anything is we have the tool which obligates itself and with just one click, one link, one tweet, the same lie that was called negative campaigning in years gone by, now is multiplied and now we even have some leaders today governing our region because of these lies. Thanks very much and i particularly want to greet the cast and in american dialog for the honor of placing on this panel. First of all with to determine what disinformation is. Its an attempt to disseminate false information to intentionally deceive the public. In this regard offensive use of misinformation is an attack on open and Pluralistic Society and their democracy. We have to look at this as the enemies of democracy and fundamental freedoms, and we should address it this way. Its not a political life which we historically have which public debate tried to discern and debate this, but rather a massive effort, an attack on democratic institutions. It has been used in the u. S. President ial campaign but also in colombia and in the uk, and election in brazil by manipulating this information. Also its use in colombia and in mexico, although the effect was attenuated by some measures that were taken during the electoral campaign. Now, secondly, we should also understand that those who come into office use this narrative a fake news and disinformation to discredit the traditional media. The professional journalist who promote democracy by providing quality information. There are journalist but suffer because of this who have been declared enemies of democratic and open societies anderson strategy also in the United States. A strategy in this regard is that the population does not believe that institutions such as the press and journalists who up late and sensual and democratic systems and mixed in with this phenomenon of disinformation, they create chaos whereby alternative narratives can be proposed. For example, the amazon isnt burning, which was from the foreign minister of brazil. Also they take advantage of the situation. In terms of the general effect, academics are divided on this. Some say theyve not had the capacity to change the election but rather have inserted the disInformation Campaigns into a climate, broader, of polarization that existed in other societies in which they say we have to look at the role of the Political Parties, of the populist leaders and effect of the media. Because if you look both at the United States and in latin america, the tv channel, you see one depiction of reality and another channel use a different one. So also journalists need to review their role as the become a chambers in which extremism on one side or the other begins to connect. In the people who have this type of ideology, its become more visible, and hes become echo chambers. So disinformation tends to snowball from the nuclei. Thats no coincidence that the candidates are attacking human rights, attacking the faces of democracy and attacking the rule of law. Those candidates now have a chance of getting elected in most countries of the region and have, in fact, been elected in some. Good morning. Im excited to be here. At facebook we are taking the problem very seriously. Were trying to look at it in a very robust way. We are spending a lot of time thinking about how we can help manage of this disinformation on the platform without becoming police of speech in every way. We believe people have the right to have conversation on our platform and we dont want to stifle legitimate political conversation. Sometimes finding a line between the disinformation and real debates is challenging. That was one of the chungking things up 2016 here in the United States is that a lot of the posts and content that was used to create discord were real issues and real debates before having but were strategically deployed to try to create more problems. So for us that means trying to develop partnerships and working relationships with some of the different groups that you already discussed. Working with the journalists and media companies, particularly in latin america with over 100 consortiums we work with on thirdparty Fact Checking to try to make sure the information that is on our platform is legitimate. If its not, people will be able to know the information is not correct. Weve added for reporting tools so people can tell us if they see something they think is false news. It gets sent for review. But the fact checker determines there is information that is not correct in the post, it will get flagged. We are trying to limit movement. Most of the staff is bigger than facebook. Much bigger ecosystem about politics, elections and the world right now. Trying to limit the scope of the damage. We are trying to partner with a number of agencies. Focusing on latin america, obviously. Trying to gather processing so it is not about partisan you points or kind of polarization that we are seeing. People know how we are viewing these things. I spend a lot of time working with organizations that are focused on how we keep elections free and fair. National Republican Institute and National Federation of intellectuals. Keeping track of what is happening so that we can identify hate speech ahead of time. One of our feelings in the past is that we are defensive drivers, as i call it. Much forward thinking about that also knowing we do not have the expertise. Working with experts on that. The best way to know our tools are not being misused. Coming up with new products for people. Trying to take a broad reaching approach to this. One of the things were also working on is digital literacy. Why are they showing me this message. For paid advertisements, we have instituted very strict rules. Also introducing new transparency rules so you can see any ads that a page is running. A disclaimer about who is running these ads. Providing more information so people have a better sense of who was talking to them and wife. We understand we are in the center of this right now. A piece of a bigger system. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you for the invitation. I will try english. Very correct. This is not a new phenomenon. The scale that it is being done is really new. Also, the speed and how easy it is to spread this information nowadays. I will speak specifically about whatsapp. The Second Market is brazil after india. The pervasiveness is huge. Correct me if im wrong, 130 million users to 210 population. 1. 3 billion population. Everybody uses whatsapp. Many people get all of their information from whatsapp. They are very positive aspects of democratizing with social media. With this case, a very negative aspect. Everything is encrypted. You never know what is going on inside of the closed groups. Your a politician and on tv. You Say Something that is untrue or it is fake news, exactly at the same time. You have all kinds of fake news or simple propaganda. You do not know this is going on. Most of all it is very easy. It is very hard to identify who is originating what in social media. In facebook, it is easier. Who is fostering each message. And whats apt, its just impossible to know. The other thing is, this is something that was done. If a person has internet connection, credit card or paypal, this person can buy massive messaging through whatsapp. You can get phone numbers very easily. Very cheap Software Online that allows you. What it can do, and very practical terms, you get a get a group and you scrape all the phone numbers and it creates a huge group. You just send massive amount of messages. You can hire a Marketing Agency and just get people to do this. Very serious. The legislation is not keeping up. All of these expenses are not being declared because you cannot really chase these candidates. Its hard to say. There is no accountability. You do not know who was spreading what or what exactly is being spread. To what extent does that influence, the answer is we do not know. No specific studies that say this was enough to sway an election. No one knows that. The one thing we know is there is no accountability. We do not have a country manager no manager in brazil. The one thing that we have now is jointly responsible for messaging. Facebook messenger and whatsapp. This person is not an employee off whatsapp. In india you have a manager. This is further complicating the way you could make someone accountable. I agree with you. It is variously difficult. How will you regulate this. You dont want to make anyone a sensor. Who will filter what is true and what is not. Thank you. [speaking in native tongue] i lived in washington for several years, so it is very nice to come home. Thank you for the invitation. It is a pleasure to to be here. We talked about ecosystems. Talking about the relative impact of all of this. I would just like to focus on all of that for a second. Now that a president ial campaign is underway, our motivation is, first of all, first, you need to see the context in which this information effort is being launched. That is what academic yeah calls the bias of confession. Everyone who reads this, it reinforces their previous belief this means that they should not be, discard everything that is not aligned with everything they already believe. Two days before the election i publish an article for the new york times. In the comment, i will not tell you who wrote this because i dont want you to encourage that troll, imagine if it had been avenger number two. Totally anonymous. That is just silly nonsense. Did you read the article before giving your opinion . The answer was i read the title and i left it which is what most people do. This shows that this person was expressing an opinion about which he or she agreed they did not bother to read before they attacked it. Thats the first point. The second point, in addition to the circle of confirmation, all of these efforts try to put forward their work in this specific needs of the undecided voters. They dont care about anyone else. People will vote for candidate a or candidate the. They are already and one camp or the other. Who can still switch from one side to the other. In that niche, a more specific one. Of ourselves. The older people. I am sorry. All of us. The young ones, the young people, people, those that are born in the dissident hell area, yes. There is a bad smell here. There is a rat here. What you have said, it affects people who are over 6 feet. Yes. They feel this. There are many more older people than 65. You know [laughter] and then i have to explain that one by one. Regarding that, the last point, and im sure we will elaborate on it later on. I am here because i am doing the same investigation and research work. I asked how you did in brazil and i am trying to do it in argentina. Doing the investigation in regards to cambridge analytical. They are about to publish something about the character that benefits over 50,000 accounts. They work for both. They both know about it and they hired them both because they are primary in argentina. Hired by both campaigns. All of this works in the context because if, on the contrary, the context is context does not help a candidate even with all the efforts and even with all the online tools, they will not make it. Even hiring 20 of these mega mercenaries in the economy, if you do not have the undecided, he will not make it because the economy is stupid and it weakens those efforts. Thank you. Your answer was, yes, there is there is an impact. In colombia there is a great discussion of whether it be the Information Campaign matter or not or had an impact are not given the small difference between the yes and the know. I wonder how, a country like ecuador using the National Network to this credit, whoever could issue information based on evidence. The only phase that was left in the end to present was the social media. I think there was a ministry of truth that was established. The social network played an Important Role in that control of information that the government was trying to play with and consult. I think that something needs a war between the government and those people that still follow regarding this information with respect to what kind of corruption was there really and thanks to alternative media, by two journalists that opened, who opened for Investigative Journalism focused on that president. Yes, you are absolutely right. Social networks can be saviors on one hand, but they can also also there is the avengers on one hand. The saviors. But also the killers. Two power selling him as an expert in communications. Once he is in power and catalina is aware of this case, it terminates competition he has. A space for speaking. Every saturday. Eight hours with no kind of opposition. No one having an opportunity to have a rebuttal. At the end of Communication Media, there were high fines against them as a gag law as a communication superintendents decided what was true and what was a lie. You are lying, you pay 4,040,000,000. You are telling the truth. You are okay. They had all Communication Media , all media were at his mercy. I think society woke up from this regarding social media. When there is a lie, a lie that is repeated over and over and over every single day and you say it to the media, through the press, through National Networks and there is no rebuttal and no one can do any investigation because you will be censored, you will go to jail, you will be prosecuted. A lie that is repeated 1000 times becomes the truth eventually. I was reading this very interesting book about the genocide. There is a rule that says the amount of energy necessary to refute lies is an order of magnitude higher than to produce put it on social media every single day and it becomes the truth. It is almost impossible. You have to do it one by one. You are telling us one by one. Here is what is going on. Making it harder and more complex. At that point in time, it worked with the change of government and ecuador, all of these things were revoked. The damage was done in columbia. The damage was done. The fractures, the wounds are open, still. Communication, media. Some of them start to work. The polarization in the country is there. When the damage has been done, it takes a long time to revert all of that. Thank you. Academics are divided. Some say the problem is not the political communication through social media, but the context. The truth truth is, never before had we seen systematically in an organized way this Information Campaign. False information created to fool people on the dimension that we see today. It is true that the opportunity to regulate this as may be worse than this disease. What can we do . Those that defend democracy, the agencies that defend democracy, what can we do . There are several things here we can do. I think that we all agree, i think there is a more systemic effect. Public opinion. Yes. I would like him to investigate corruption by politicians. He is investigating fake new so we all end up talking about fake news. Those that abuse power continue to do so. For example, it is complicated. Five years on without knowing what the state of the country will do or be. Doing away with 200 years of of human rights. A matter of gender. All of these things come in and they distort the publics debate the public sphere. Which was the strength of democracy. What can we do . Not lower the bar. If we have an attack, then the response will be lets lower the bar of fundamental protections. A free speech, etc. , which has been fundamental. Many are talking about waste to punish this sort of invisible energy, and also not visible, really. That is taking a step back. It. It is lowering the bar. They will be prosecuted. Leaders of the opposition. It is natural. What are we going to punish . Broadcasting false information. Fake news. There is some investigation, someone attacking a powerful one, the powerful one will say this is fake news. Not going to jail, there will be a process that the countries are recently beginning to get rid of. Second of all, attacking internet structures. The day of the internet is the bad guy. You know, not punishing the intermediaries because of the information that goes through the network. Another way, well, lets make accountable facebooker twitter because they are the platforms where the information is circulating. Fake information or false information. No, i would lower all of the bars so i am not faced with some punishment. Some criminal punish against me. And then we have censure. That is the worst of the solutions. On one hand it is a warning. On the other hand, i think we can do a great deal because its complex. A couple months ago, in the department of the oas, we had a panel of experts with the platform. Civil society, et cetera. We needed to come up with an articulator response. A platform regarding freedom of speech and human rights. So does the government. The platforms are ran by private entities. They have to assume a degree of responsibility with the media, with electoral authorities also. Let us not not forget that electoral authorities are not good at communicating. Part of the reaction of defending the process needs to happen. This should be in the hands of the state. Developing a menu of possible responses that these actors will have to give in a well articulated manner regarding states and other actors and stakeholders. I do not want to forget Political Parties because we need to start to work with them. These are fundamental holders. Because there is a factor of information. It is significant in the Political Parties. We need to take a lawyer at things such as the rules of transparency such as publicity and advertisement. Basing themselves on older media. We have no rules applying to new platforms. I think taken into account the proportionality they would have the same burden of transparency. How they hire, who hires, who places an ad, et cetera. I think they are doing it on a voluntary basis in some cases. United protection of personal data. They have protections with other state actors because part of this information is based on using the traces, the footprints that we leave on the cyberspace when we use the internet. The response is not easy. The answer is not easy. It is multifaceted. Generating privileged channels of information. Entering periods between the authorities, platforms, media and the verification organization. Lead us to whenever something was detected in fake news regarding the electoral process, all of those stakeholders would flood with information, the Networks Networks in the population. Warning them this is happening and this is going around, but it is fake news. Generating a counter narrative to fake news. Just to make sure that the citizenship would be aware of the new ecosystem. My son who is 16 years old needs to study goossen berg and its mandatory, but its not mandatory to learn about social media. I think both in the formal and informal education system, we need to be literate in using information technology. Thank you. Crystal. The human rights agencies has made specific accommodations to facebook on poor topics related to protecting the electoral process. The need to enforce protection of personal data. The need to make paid advertisements be transparent. Unfortunately, in the United States, Citizens United does not do this for political advertisement. They are easy to evade through the platforms. Moderating content with human rights views and algorithms to break with that. You mention some of these things in your first intervention. How do you apply to whatsapp. What is clear, this is what happened in brazil. The information channels are going to close systems which are much harder to control. The measures on these four topics that are to protect the electoral processes can be transferred to those other media, those different platforms that have specific particular character because they are closed. Thank you for the question. All of these platforms, facebook, is to is to graham, whats up, are parts of facebook i go and talk about graham. We need to have a person labeled as the whatsapp person. [laughter] we do have a big team in latin america that works on whats at. Tries to work on addressing these issues and talks to policymakers, candidates, academics, journalists, about these issues all the time. We are obviously very concerned about it. All of these platforms are designed to work differently. Whatsapp, it was intended for you to have a few communications facebook, by definition, you are talking to a bunch of people. Whether a whether a friend group or on a page. A different set of tools available. A ton of tools all used in different ways. Strategically for campaigns and with individual people. Whats whatsapp, the value is it is encrypted. They do have privacy. Something that is very important we continue to lead in two. We have tens of thousands of employees. Not just facebook, but whatsapp, instagram. This is a companywide effort to make sure we are being thoughtful about this. Talking about a few things we can introduce on the product that could help diminish some of these challenges. Making it harder to forward to a large number of people. We have also limited how many times you are able to forward a message. Starting from scratch as a whole new message. If you have someone that is very motivated, maybe not enough. Again, we are trying to balance, trying to minimize this information with also making it a platform that is really useful to people. They are able to communicate effectively. You raise some good points. To your question, they are not public. In their entirety. They have a much better sense. We are trying to figure out more ways you can be transparent. We are constantly in conversation with human rights groups. Organization groups around the world about what should and should not be allowed in the platform. An example, i used to spend a lot of time advising people on how to use their tools. Talking about hate speech. How quickly these things sort of change. Starting out as a pretty innocent cartoon character. Now a symbol of White Nationalism here in the United States. I read that young people in hong kong yes. It is a sign of freedom for them. It is not hate speech. They dont even know its the White Nationalist thing on other parts of the world. Which ones are using it as a symbol of freedom. We are really trying to make sure we are being precise when we are doing that. I am not mentioning that as a feel bad for us think, but theres just a lot of nuance depending on where you are and what it is. We are trying to work with outside groups to find the best way for us to approach those challenges. I realize we are here to talk about this information. There is a lot of good also happening on these platforms. There is also people sharing bad content. We have also just seen democracy. Going back to the arab spring. We had some stuff on the platform that is not good which has been helpful for people to better understand something i dont think they would have believed that they would have seen it with their own eyes. Law enforcement work people get shot or abuse by police officers. We dont want to believe that. It is hard to show it. Bad behavior gets covered up. Because the power the internet people been able to see it with their own eyes. How people are treated based on their socioeconomic status or race. There is a lot happening on these platforms. It is not all necessarily negative. Weve been trying to do our part to make sure we are working with government parties, journalists, to do this the right way. We are working hard to figure out a good egg in the tory framework. We have a country of two 1 2 billion people on our platform. Trying to balance the interest of all of them is tough. We are trying to figure that out. This is bigger than facebooker what that. We were not the first social media platform. We will not be the last. We are the focus right now because were the ones where a lot of this happened. We want frameworks in place. We want this to be something we are hopefully fixing for longterm. Better solutions that transcend one platform. I think there is a lot of potential to do that. Tech companies and law enforcement. Other organizations coming together to solve problems. We work with the other platforms getting it off the platforms immediately. Able to do that more effectively because we Work Together and set the standards together. I am hopeful we can do other great things in terms of elections and democracy as well. Thank you. The messages on whatsapp that circulated for brazils elections, they were targeted to phone herbal populations acceptable of being influenced or manipulated emotionally in the worst possible way. They tended to discredit the more serious Information Sources evidencebased information. How can journalism response to the situation. I understand. It was intended for oneonone communication. The fact is people misuse it. They are misusing it. You just buy sim cards in bulk. It is a very easy thing to do. I understand you have facebook people based in brazil. Whenever we had to speak to them, they say its supposed to be someone in the u. S. Its not the same thing as having someone raised in brazil. And i say we, i mean government officials. I can go back and ask them more. You are absolutely right. We in the Mainstream Media have to do some soulsearching to understand why were they so excited and damaging the credibility of Mainstream Media . We were making a lot of mistakes one of the things that i think may be helpful, we tend to sort of not give enough attention, we tend to assume that people know how journalists work. If we were more transparent to explain exactly how stories are investigated, how you get this information and to our your sources to the extent that you can disclose your sources, sometimes the fact is they do not differentiate a blog which is pure opinion. May be, if we were more transparent, which is something i think Mainstream Media has this arrogance of saying we do not need to explain to people where we are getting our fax from. Maybe this could be something helpful. I do think that they target people that are more vulnerable. I think that this will get much worse. In the brazilian election, they did not use micro targeting as in the indian elections. I covered that this year and in 2014. They have access to a lot of data from people. Including some social programs. You can target messages very specifically. Customize those messages. Very widespread manner. I know that there is some legislation that has just been approved. There was a veto and one piece of legislation. It will be allowed to share with third parties information from social security. You can only imagine how this will be used. A message to make it more effective. Talking about these people that have not decided or people who are part of a specific religion. This is something that i think will get worse. [speaking in native tongue] i would like to leave some question for your questions. There are microphones on both sides. Once he is done with his peace, i would go to questions from the audience. What can journalists do to respond . Are we doing things well or is there something that needs to be rethought . It is in normas. In general, we journalists approach our audience from a rational standpoint whereas audiences are handling themselves on an emotional level therefore, we are spreading information that we think is relevant. That has been verified, but is maybe not aligned with what the audience wants to hear. Therefore, they just just rule it out. The second point is in addition, there are sometimes when even trying to correct the versions that are out there on social media and the only thing that we do when we make these attempts is to reinforce the previously held ideas. For example, for instance, there are people out there that think the earth is flat. Do not laugh because there are people that do believe the earth is flat. There is a movement of the flatlanders. When one broadcast information that this is false, not true because these are the reasons. This instead of helping, we will reinforce, there were some people that had intended, no, there is a movement. There are people that think the same way i think. They go to google and just google flatlanders. This example of those that believe in the earth being flat are those that are in favor of White Supremacy or whatever. We need to tackle this very carefully. Developing which is called reversal where we correct the information by being extremely careful about the information that we provided in order not to feed those movements even more. In my prior intervention here i gave an example, but i never told you the name of the person who made a comment to said he had not read my article. Why . Many of you may go out in google that person. What we have learned from the academics is we need to be careful when we approach people about fake stories if we want to weaken those fake stories we should not provide information that will fuel the fire. I agree with that. This is an effort that will take a lot of time. We need to do a lot better. We need to be more open and transparent about our process. At the same time, we need to have clarity. Many people that do not care. Whatever we say, they will continue believing what they believe. Do you remember the end of the xfiles . The introduction of the xfiles . Remember that tv show. They had a poster on the door of the office of the fbi with an image of a ufo. It said i want to believe. If there is anyone that believes that pope francis, for example, leads a satanic ritual every night, the holy see, it doesnt matter whatever pope francis says. Since you just were paid by the pope to say this. Pope francis actually does this every night. Heb had someone and they have this satanic ritual. No. You have to tell them i cannot talk about this because i will feed into everyone that believes in satanic rituals going to the holy see every wednesday night. There is something i would like to say. I would like to go back to who we are electing. In the end, the media media are responsible for explaining who the candidates are. Where they come from. How to move democracy to specific characteristics. The media is also failing in bringing the electoral campaign. We do not get into who they are. They have some psychological profiles about who the popular dictators are. We are also not recognizing this in time. We have a very simple target for these populous and that is the media because they realize that is where democracy was diminished. Bringing in the legislature and the way that prosecutors are selected. I would like to go back to the point of our responsibility. I know we have not done this correctly. We could beat ourselves up over it. We have to go back to those hearings. What are we showing back to the audiences, whether we are looking at that without falling into a verbal fight. Rather we have to look at who really is running for these positions. What is their past and what kind of future would await us if they are elected . Does the media really have responsibility . Context matters. In certain context, the book that you mentioned showed that leadership does not come out of nowhere. We talked about culture. The training processes. In terms of training digital citizens. Probably give a very important lecture on this in terms of fostering a democratic culture in our country. I will give the floor. Is there anyone here. Someone has information i would just like to ask you to introduce yourself. Ask a short question. We will take her for questions and then we will allow the panelists to answer. This has been an excellent panel on social media. The information in the changing politics. How are we preparing ourselves for what will happen in 10 years . That is a problem now, what will the problem be 10 years from now after social media has different platforms. Facebook and what that. Ten years from now. What are we doing to prepare ourselves to combat this information and misinformation in the future . If your question is for a specific person, please say so. My question would be for patterson. Innovating a lot of different tools. Right now you can report when there is a fake profile. I was wondering if it would be possible at some point to design a special tool when you are in the middle of a natural disaster. A tool to make fake content in the midst of an election . To market as safe . Exactly. Just being able to maybe give it some other sources or something to be able to know. Our thirdparty fact tracking party now does that. If you were to see something that has false information in it and it had been reviewed by thirdparty, usc a notation that says it has been disputed tiered that way you would know that. We would also tell the person who posted it and we would share more information. Looking for more ways to make the resources more robust. Things change quickly. Since this all sort of blew up, we knew that this would be whack a mole. People that do bad things are quick and try new things all the time. How do we deal with people changing some cards . We will not solve them overnight i think over time we can come up with good solutions. It is hard to know. The media changes so quickly. I started facebook about five and a half years ago. We did not have video on the platform at all. I think we are also used to watching video on my stream. There is a time not that long ago when this did not exist. Its hard to know what this will look like 10 years from now. Due to questioning and being more proactive about things, we are constantly thinking about that. These 12 will become more robust if we do this again. I probably have a bunch of new innovations about what works and what doesnt. We are kind of just studying what helps people to identify that information and what they do with it. [speaking in native tongue] we will hear the questions and then we will answer, please. Good morning. I am danielle. I dont think we will get to everyones questions. We will take three more. And then we will see how many we can answer and if we have time to hear more. At least the three people originally in line. Womens leadership. Looking at this changing culture that was mentioned. Changing violence against women through the media. Women, journalists. I would like to know what you have to say about this and the mechanism of social network. How that can be used for this. Good morning. This has been a very interesting panel. I have enjoyed it very much. A lot of food for thought. I am from georgetown university. With the exception that the presentation for the moderator of the rest of the debate would circumscribe to the situation within one country or region. However, the moderator did a good job of pointing out the use of international relations. Certainly, there have been accusations of russian intervention in the 2016 elections in the United States and also in the referendum in catalonia and in holland. I am expecting this to occur and latin america at any time. This could be what we might call secondgeneration fake news. In other words, it is also, there might be false reporting of fake news. There is disinformation, a campaign that they may accuse something of being fake news when it is not. That could be highly destabilizing. I would like to know whether you think latin america is prepared to confront fake news attacks from outside the country. Im not talking about necessarily within the democratic system in the country. Thank you. Good morning. I am with the world that a group. First of all, i would like to congratulate you for this panel. An essential topic both in terms of this information and privacy. I have a question. It is as follows. Have some of you considered the use of Digital Credentials to fight this information . And, also, ensure privacy . I taught a miss saw vern individually controlled Digital Credentials. We will take your two questions if you can be very quick. So our speakers can wrap up otherwise there will not be time my question is, thinking about about the vulnerable groups, there has been a report linked between all to write, fake news from the over conservative groups where there is a breeding ground for toxic masculinity. Correct me if i am wrong. I understand the algorithm and facebook also works in a way that you click, light, it will show you in the newsfeed what you are most likely to interact with. Therefore, a lot of people go to facebooker twitter for news. They no longer buy the paper they no longer watch tv. My question is, what are the efforts that facebook is taking right now to show a balance of news to the audience . [speaking in native tongue] very good. The two questions, im sorry, i have not been good about that. Take two 1 2 minutes. Lets start at the opposite end. Did i catch you did i catch you by surprise . Okay. If you like, i could answer one question. How to prepare ourselves for fake news 10 years from now. Two minutes. Two 1 2 minutes. Each. Each of you. That is a question i have been asking myself. I will give you a specific very selfish example. Thirteen, 16 and 19 years old. My entire career, i have never got my kids this day, dad, i like what you publish. I never get them to read my news reports. I have thousands of followers on twitter, linkedin, instagram, facebook and ive never been able with that publicity power been able to bring in my kids generation. I have never told them, would you read this because im just waiting to see if at any point in time through any tool i can reach reach my kids. I am telling you from the generational perspective. In this context, we are experimenting with how to address these challenges with todays youngsters who, in 10 years, will be making decisions that affect public life. How can i get to them through instagram. How can i reach them through twitter. How can i reach them through youtube. In our newspaper, we have developed a series of five videos on how a president ial campaign is developed in argentina. We did it with the most youtube kind of format. We almost immediately, we reached an audience we had never reached before. Secondly, we did this at a level which was very basic. We got terrific feedback on it. People saying now i understand a little bit that are how a campaign works. Getting back to what i was saying. We are talking to a very small nich. We have left behind a huge audience that we had become disconnected from. We have essentially become a lost patrol force. We were going up ahead with very specific oriented information that everybody did not even know what the heck we are talking about. They did not care and they did not understand. Very clearly, we have have to ultimately step back and begin to use other formats to begin to try to reach other audiences. Very surprised, the first time it was mentioned to me, i thought it was ridiculous. Looking at a political animal. They even have youth cartoons. Little cartoons to try to explain journalistic investigation of the first order it is not that theyve experimented with new formats in order to try to reach new audiences. That is the process we are in right now. The question how to handle this 10 years down the road, yes, this is an experiment. I will tell you that i have opened up a snap chat account to to communicate Money Laundering investigations over snapchat. It is a big headache. If i want to reach other sectors, i have to do something differently. We have opened an account on ticktock. It is a platform in china which is the most rapidly growing one in the world. Either we have to do this or we are leaving our huge flank unprotected. Fake news from wherever they get it. Now we are trying to work with ticktock and convince the world that it is not flat. Just adding to what you just said. I totally agree. You have to find out a way to make Fact Checking go viral. That is something that does not ever happen. It is such a unfair competition. They really create anger or excitement with fake news as opposed to Fact Checking which is boring and does not go viral. Maybe the snapchat thing is something. My other question about the outright, i am not sure that there is the link in brazil at least. There are are several twitter users that use the frog. Another platform. The one thing that i know in every store or politician knows, maybe here, too. Very sexist environment. The kind of attacks that women suffer in social media are way beyond anything acceptable. It is not fair criticism. It is not criticism against what you are writing. Criticism against your parents, family, it looks looks. Anything. A very toxic environment for women in general. I will answer the last question about the algorithm and how we present content to people it is hard. People get on facebook to connect with friends, first and foremost. Then you start to follow pages. We try to suggest pages you might like. People go on their looking for the things they want to see. People tend to reinforce some things they already know. I may have a young person that lives in a major city, if you you start suggesting pages about the midwest to me, i will probably probably not follow those. Probably not what i am interested in. We do try to find ways to introduce things to people. We did a lot of studies, research, on how people were feeling on the platform. What changes they would like. One of the ones we heard after 2016 was people felt like meaningful interactions was missing for them. The news and allowed stuff. Not enough communication from the people to connect in the first place. Friends and people that they care about. We made a big change so you are seeing more friends. More groups. Post that encourage real interaction between people as opposed to posts that are just there to spark arguments are more broadcasting in nature. This is something we continue to think about. How do we get people to think more openly about what they follow and what they see. Also, trying to move towards tools that people would find more useful. Groups have really taken off on facebook. That was a really good thing. If you are trying to offend power structures that people dont like, being a journalist, running profit, trying to be thoughtful to make sure we handle it on the platform for women were using our platform in public ways have the tools to let us know when something is wrong in to moderate so it just does not a place where people are called names and treated poorly. Its something thats important and will be more so especially as more women entered the political process in areas of life as well. Thank you. Translator the first has to do with the sustainability quality journalism and thats another point we did not touch on and experts and economists have mentioned. [speaking in foreign language] translator we need to think about the economic benefits offered by the platforms and we need to benefit people to produce quality information rather than those disinformation but the same retribution happens and someone put out fake news and with media outlet that trains journalists to make sure they do investigations to produce information to support democracy so i would like to urge the social media platforms to reach some agreement and different rules of the game with the mass media and that those advertising and the benefits of these platforms beat on each other. We want to make sure the media go back to the spa forms and have levels of retribution and there should be a way to encourage the production of quality information that sometimes they are private others but i also im concerned that the sustainability of the media is important. Secondly, this has to do with moderating content because notoriously the platforms are now Public Forums and there was something to these questions about harassment of women, journalists and the high public profile and report was just reported and they might criticize our information but female journalists get attacked based on stereotypes. [speaking in foreign language] translator when women do this or are subjected to this violence we have to see and theres a fine line between protected and protected seats. These platforms can work toward this and in some cases they have been working for men against women and violence and we know its challenging to distinguish between speech that we dont like and speech that really comes to constitutes inciting violence so facebook should have Different Councils to review these more, gated decisions on moderating content. I know this is barely Getting Started but we need to develop it further so that we can avoid such problems. [speaking in foreign language] translator very quickly, whether or prepared for ten years down the road but were just barely finding out about this and the journalists in latin america, columbia say we do not yet have the tools in Fact Checkers and everything to receive what is true. I am a bit oldfashioned and i think we should go back to the traditional thing of journalists calling people up to verify sources and this leads us to what is important and the roots of our profession so we can produce quality journalism although were not yet ready for what is to come we have two go back to the basics of our profession and be rigorous. To wrap up with one line, the question by the doctor regarding the International Impact of this, this is a headline, we have this interaction between the media journalism and social networks but its much broader than that and i will just say as a comment, mercenary, troll, but services go beyond journalist disinformation. They are attacking companies and ngos and think tanks and much more. One of the Services Offered by trolls is that, for example, they can attack the reputation of the rival hotel. Thing takes the devote themselves to tear down these think tanks because they put out a report and attack them in order to weaken them. Where is your fundraising coming from and all of this . Furthermore, one of the natures that trolls are looking at is wikipedia and it has come to the point that wikipedia because of its algorithm the more comments you get the more leverage it gets you so theres a biography that lets say i did not write it but one exists and they put in a live quote that [inaudible] was linked to Drug Trafficking and the one who wrote that in the more posts you have about this there is more weight if i try to correct this and the person who wrote this has more leverage, correct what i corrected, then what that person said is what is days there and just so you out there wikipedia accounts that are posting 24 hours a day and signs that its not an individual person but rather an agency hired to do this. They detected that they have 500 posts every 24 hours every day of the year so we dont see anything but this is going back to the doctor said, there are accounts the report and that has worked spanish, russian, turkish and japanese all of the same time so very clearly its a major public art that spends 24 hours a day or they are high on cocaine continuously post 500 posts on all the topics because the right from the arab spring to oil in venezuela and all of this simultaneously is that there agencies that pay for this pay for this and devote themselves to manipulating information from wikipedia five seconds. It says that it was from portugal and people said im not from portugal so how can i prove that i am the person . I am saying im not from portugal so june 5. Translator please, i thank you will agree with me this has been a great panel. [inaudible conversations] the senate gavels and 3 00 p. M. Eastern to consider the nomination for deputy nomination for the treasury of affairs. A vote on limiting debate scheduled for 5 30 p. M. Eastern time. Although this week in the senate, funding the government through september 31. The budget and at the end of this month and also bring temporary money on negotiations continue the rest of the budget year. The house will debate state authorized cannabis growers and distributors to put their money in banks. Also this week members consider a bill barring separation of family members and limiting length of detention. Another measure setting standards of medical treatment of people caught at the border. The Senate Returns today with live coverage here on cspan2 in the house returns tomorrow live on cspan. Host to guest joining us to talk about american representation shes with thein Cherokee Nation and serves as a delegate to the u. S. House of representatives and he is the principal chief, combined to. Oth of you could you talk about the history of the Cherokee Nation and particularly how we get a delegate from the Cherokee Nation to congress . Guest i will start with that ar