With support from our Comcast Cable partners this weekend we travel to lansing michigan. Coming up we will talk with authors base year as we first learn how the city was chosen as the state capital and then about 15 minutes the story of arby olds and the auto Company Founded in lansing and later we take a driving tour of the citys downtown. We begin our special feature as we hear about james turner and the founding of lansing. James turner was a pioneer. It wasnt until the state legislature designated this area that he came with these other folks and helped build the capital. He had a slightly more sensible approach, but we didnt do that. Wehad nothing here, there was no transportation. They had so much to build a castle city and that was the very interested and exciting and unique story oflansings beginning. The legislature established the state in about 1836, about a year before it became a state. They designated detroit as the capital but they were fearful that detroit could be easily attacked from lake erie and that they should move inward but they couldnt decide where so they put in the constitution that this first session of the legislature of 1848 should be held in the new capital which should be inland and so they had 10 layer suicide and they ran until they had 10 months left. Every town in that state wanted it to my be by them because there was room for their community. So they kept voting and nobody could decide and finally the people thinking about this area and putting a dam in the mill and they decided they would try to attract the legislature to this area. And james turner was one of those who lead that. I would say he was force waited in the lobby but it was the same and his friend who made a mass, a. , this is michigan where you put info here. I got here and said look, if you put it here, he showed all of them that passed the legislature. Some people were quite surprised because they been voting so many times but it was. So thats how they decided on lansing. Cazenovia in western new york became a land agent and he started off working for a man who had a star in jackson. When they came here, people came and they said so many people came to the spot which was nothing so they had to figure out ways to eat and he had a star in it and so he got the supplies and sold them from there. The first thing they did was chop down all the trees. So they were going through about three or four boxes of a dozen axes each and every day. To get rid of all the wood. And then that left a bunch of stumps and margie watery ground. And so it wasnt really the idea that it was really dumb, there were people who lived in the county were extremely slighted by having the capital, to be here and when they heard it was going to be here in the woods they would, on their sleds with their horses and watch the capital come in. Once they cut down the tree that was 100 feet long. Huge, huge tree and they pulled all the way up to the capital and started kneeling and having a party over the fact that it was coming here. They built a hotel, James Seymour which was where the legislators could live. They have to walk a mile from the capital down. There were 66 members of the house of representatives and 22 in the senate and all their flock of lobbyists that came with them so they built a white frame twostory capital there. It became the meetinghouseand the library and everything else. It didnt have anything so that was the first building. It was a number of years later before the capital that we see today was built. The first meeting of the legislature in their new Capital Building was in january 1848. And that was their order of business was playing roads, developing charters which were given out to private groups within the city. There was no department of transportation in those days it you wanted a road you have to figure out a way to get it. So theyre issuing charters to build plank roads and after a while the city owes lansing and james turner became the organizer of that plank road and client roads were amazing. You could never go down now because it took so much wood to build. They had everybody working on it, farmers who had landed close to the road. Business people came out and worked on it. It was a major enterprise and when the plank road was finally built, they had a party. At the beginning, the people who work here had invested, like hadnt even started and so forth. They were constantly afraid that the legislature would get inconvenienced of having this capital in the middle of a forest. And would vote not to haveit. And so it was really not until the 1860s when they finally decided to have the permanent state capital where they really were at ease about the fact that they were not going tomove away. The cspan city tour is on the road in lansing michigan. Up next week is Michigan State capital. Actually capital was constructed in 1872, completed in 1879 so were celebrating our fourth birthday. About 24 years ago the capital was fully restored and the goal of that project was to make our building look at it when it first opened in 1879. Michigan achieved statehood january 26, 1837. Our territorial capital, our first state capital was in the city of detroit. Detroit served as the capital for 10 years until 1847. Our first state constitution 10 years down the road, the legislature would have to approve a permanent site for the capital city. There were a lot of cities that were competing to become the state capital so lansing ironically was picked as a capital city because no one wanted to pick lansing. It was offered up as a compromise location so the legislature built a small wooden building which they used about 30 years so our present capital was constructed and finished in 1879 so the style of the capital here is renaissance revival or neoclassical. The exterior is faced with ohio sandstone and the upper dome areas are cast iron. Right now were standing in the rotunda. This is the first two groups yet to come into when they start to tour. Its an aweinspiring area so we are hundred 63 from the glass floor that were standing on to the intercom. Exterior dome goes about on the another hundred feet above that so its a total of 267 feet from the ground to the very top of the capital which is comparable to the height of the us capitol in washington. Were in the governors parlor, second floor of the east wing of the capital. The parlor is used originally as a receiving space for the governor to meet legislators and any constituents, maybe to meet an occasional foreign dignitaries that might be coming to michigan. The space is basically used for the same function nowadays. This space is probably the most accurately restored out of any space in the capital cause we had really wonderful photographs and line drawings of exactly what the parlor looked like when the building first opened in 1879. That included such details which workers were hanging on the walls and which pacific locations those quarters were hanging. The portraits in the parlor here are former governors. All governors who serve in our other two capitals with the exception of governor croswells portrait. He was the first governorto serve in the capital. Wall treatment you see here is all painted by hand. The ceiling of the parlor is specifically very unique in that its original. It took four people over two months to clean this one ceiling using qtips cotton balls, literally inch by square inch so they didnt damage thatoriginal artwork. Weve moved on to the floor of the Michigan State senate. This is where our members meet three days a week to pass laws for the state of michigan. Michigan is a 38 member body with approximately 250,000 people per district. It is a fouryear term. The legislature, senate has met here since 1879. The capital supports over nine acres of handpainted designs and its a real tribute to the time period when the building opened, the victorian period. To be off honest so many people expected a building that was built in the late 1800s to basically be black and white and people dont realize how colorful victorians were. This is a prime example of it. What you see is as close as we can humanly come to what the building looked like shortly after it opened in the late 1870s. That includes restoring the original decorative art, restoring the original chandeliers of above. Each of those chandeliers by the way as 1700 50 pieces of crystal and glass on them. This ceiling contains the coats of arms for each of the 50 states, even though their weekly work for the state in the union but our capital opened in 1879. They are in order of entry. They start in the back left corner of the ceiling as you approach the room and come around the perimeter as the states joined the union. In the center we have this wonderful corporate to individuals that were important to our nations history and marseille history. On the left as you face the loss from is a portrait of the marks a day lafayette area lafayette was a frenchman who helped us like the british during the american revolution. Very wellrespected for the house and help that he had given us during that war areas portrait is on in all three of our state capitals and was commissioned early on and that speaks volumes about the strong affection americans had for lafayette. Off to the right of the front wall is a portrait of austin where wasmichigans governor during the civil war. He was a founding father of the National Republican party which was formed in his hometown of jackson michigan and was a suffragist, worked very hard for womens rights. An abolitionist prior to and during the civil war other important individual in state history. Often the farther right on the right wall is a small portrait of emma mccall. Miss hamilton was michigans first female legislator. She was elected to this funny in 1920, the women first nationally. The year prior to that, michigan was among the first state to ratify the 19th amendment to the u. S. Constitution, giving women the right to vote. One of our most recent portrait additions to the capital is this fine portrait of Mister William webster gibson. Mister ferguson was michigans first africanamerican legislative area he was elected to the Michigan House of representatives in 1892. The reason we chose to hang representative fergusons portrait outside of the old Supreme Courts was very intentional. Years before he was elected to the Michigan House, he had a very Important Court case was heard by the Michigan Supreme Court. Mister ferguson was a resident of detroit and one evening a friend was visiting from out of town and being a good host he offered to take him out to dinner and he was refused service cause he was black so Mister Ferguson in a brave thing. He sued the Restaurant Owner for wrongful discrimination based on color. His case made its way through the courts to our highest court and the justices on the Michigan Supreme Court ruled in his favor. Two years later ferguson does i think another very brave thing and he runs for the Michigan House of representatives and was elected as our first person of color to serve inthis building. And we moved into the Michigan House of representatives. Historically whats been known as representative paul. Its the largest room in the capital reflecting the larger membership to the Michigan House of representatives. 110 members representing approximately90,000 people. For a twoyear term. Above the mock rostrum the speakers chair and the speakers area, we have embellished on the walls the Michigan State coat of arms. Our coat of arms is unique. Its designed by a territorial governor lewis katz. The interesting features and the most prominent features about the coat of arms is the elf on the left and the moose on the right. Very few elk or moose in michigan, even historically. The reason there featured so prominently on our coat of arms because cats actually copied our coat of arms, parts of it from the hudson bay for company logo which had an elk and moose on it so to this day we haventfelt in the moose. On the central portion of the coat of arms is latin and means i will defend and this tied into the fact that michigans shared such a large corridor with the british. Our job was to defend michigan against what they assumed would be a british invasion. I had what i considered to be the Great Fortune of being born and raised in michigans capital city of lansing. Quite literally in the long morning shadow of this magnificent building. One of my earliest childhood memories was visiting the capital and standing here in the rotunda with my family and having this incredible sense of humility, off and inspiration and i see that on a daily basis when i bring tour groups in and they looked up into the dome and they get this incredible feeling of inspiration and to me, this building represents most of what were proud of as a state and what were capable of and what we hope to achieve in the future. I work for the Michigan StateCapitol Commission and we have a really lovely motto. A mission statement, if you will. Preserving the past, inspiring the future and thats what this capital stands for. The real Motor Company operated in lansing from 1905 to 1975. Up next we wrote about the experience of rios workforce from author lisa fine. Where we are is in rio town lansing, an oldhistoric district of the city. That was where the real Motor Car Company oflansing was built. It emerged here in 1904 and stayed here pretty much close to this location in a variety of different formats through 1975. So were here because from my perspective as author of the story of rio joe, this is where it allhappened. Lansing polls founded the real Motor Car Company which was the company was titled as an acronym of his name. He went on to be involved in oldsmobile. Ransom olds which was a resident of lansing, and an early automotive pioneer, very important person in the early history along withford and many others , started the company here originally in the late 1890s. For a few years it went down to detroit he returned to lansing or his original site for close to it in 1904. The turn of the 20th century lansing was a town by any standards. So its quite a small place, certainly small in comparison to places like detroit and it was, it had a lot of connections to the hinterlands, a lot of, its industrial activities were related to the farming that went on in the areas around it. And it also had a very distinctive population that was very overwhelmingly white and protestant. And the city elders or better or worse were very committed to keeping it that way so from the perspective of one like lansing olds, this was familiar to him. He believed that the workers that he could enlist here would have a great work ethic. It would be committed to the collective project of the plant itself and that he could have a Good Relationship with them that they would buy into the things he was trying to do and until the 1930s he was more or less right about that. By the 1920s, france had grown to over 5000 workers and it was a majorand important employer in the city. Even though it wasnt a perfect workplace there were issues and problems that cropped up. For the most part he did create that kind of world that he envisioned when he brought the plantback here to lansing. The number of employees in the real plant grew tremendously in the early part of the 20th century and actually, in its heyday was a 1920s and there were probably over 5000 workers employed in the company in the 1920s. The conditions were pretty much standard for most automotive factories which is it was rough. It was pretty dangerous. Some of the people that i interviewed who were there in the earlier days in the 30s once the depression hit and the place started to turn down in terms of the numbers and production thatwas going on , they described woodblock floors that were soaked in oil. There were lots of descriptions ofaccidents that happened. People losing limbs and fingers and that happened in factories across the board. These were dangerous places, there wasno safety net. There was no federal oversight for these sorts of things. Before the liner back in the 1930s and the fair labor standards act was no opportunity forworkers to even organize around changing these conditions. Having said that though, many of the workers in the city only rio was one of the premier employers. There were many people that told me if you wanted to get a good job in lansing and make a good living and support your family and work in a factory that cared about you , despite those kinds of conditions rio was the place so it was a popular employer despite the fact that it suffered from some of the same kind of issues that plagued a lot of factory employment at the time. What was different about rio is what was the subject of my book and why i was interested in the topic in the first place. Ransom olds have a different idea about worker management relations and he wasnt completely unique in this he was very thorough in his commitment to this very effective in his carrying it out. He employed what he called a square deal. You believe if you provide workers with benefits and with services and with opportunities to do well by themselves, they will respond in kind. The kinds of issues that employers at the time were worried about where things like turnover. Turnover was in this time detrimental. People were, there was a revolving door of employment in many of these factories and there was a sense that if you could tie the worker to the company and get their loyalty, they will not only perform better but its more efficient and profitable for thecompany itself. And so many of these programs associated with whats rio called the square deal provided a whole array of services and in the history profession we call this Venture Capital is in so ransom olds and his company established one of the most elaborate welfare capitalism programs in the late 19 teens and throughout the 1920s. A great deal of this was exemplified by the real clubhouse. It was an important space in the city of lansing with a huge beautiful imposing clubhouse bills for the workers at rio. It was called their humble of leisure and it had something for everybody in the workplace. It had lunch rooms, it had meeting spaces. It had restrooms. It had on the third floor there was a place for the management hangout. They had arties, they had dances. There was movies shown free to members of the real family. So it provided an enormous array of services. However, that wasnt the only thing rio did. They organized sports teams. They provided basic healthcare. They had Financial Services available to people could buy their own homes in the community. It was a lot. The workers felt that they were taken care of not just in terms of being paid a wage but also situated and supported within the community itself. And a lot of the people i interviewed said when you wore your rio badge, the badge that showed where you worked, it occasioned respect in the community. Sort of a badge of honor that you were affiliated with the very current progressive workplace during that time. The economic crisis of the Great Depression basically for us under this part. The company could no longer provide these things because of the economic circumstances and then there were labor organizing that went on because of that, the workers realized that they cant depend on the company for some of these sorts of things that they need to move their unions in order to achieve these sorts of goals and get protection and support and they do engage in a monthlong sitdown strike similar to their brothers and sisters in france in the spring of 1937 and it successfully brought the united automobile workers into the plant and actually to all the autoworkers in the lansing area. The Company Closed instages. In the middle to late 1950s, rio was bought out by other companies that were not based in lansing thats one of the points of pride for many of the individuals who work here was that it was a lansing owned and vast company for a great deal of its early history but because of the difficulties and the adjustments needed after world war ii in korea, because the company was increasingly pendant on the military to get back on its feet and it had to figure out how to compete in civilian markets, it was vulnerable to buyouts. And thats what happened continuously by the late 50s and 1960s, it kept getting bought out by other companies and become a division of Larger Companies in the United States, this whole litany of names so that we can because it wasnt being maintained and managed locally to the benefit of the community itself. And finally as a result of continued difficulties and other matters that were decided beyond the city of lansing itself , the company was sold to a private entrepreneur in the early 1970s and he decided basically to squeeze all of the value out of it and close it down, just a few years after that the site of the company itself which many had been struggling to make into a historical site burned to the ground and so basically theres no evidence of real in its own building any longer. In the city of lansing itself. I entitled my book rio joe because i came across this article in a lansing Union Newspaper from the late 1930s when rio what is at its lowest point was clear that rio was going to continue and it was in a lansing union paper. The reporter described rio joe as the stereotypical emblematic worker at rio and it was this farm guy who had come to the city to get a job as it was the best place to work. You worked hard. He did right by his family. He did right by his company. He did right by his fellow workers, he joined the union and he felt that somehow, because of the depression and difficulties, he wasnt being treated fairly. Things were not workingout for him but he was going to stay the course and do the right thing. And the reporter was commenting on how if you cant do right by rio joe, you cant do right by what he was describing as the terrio typical universal white industrial mail worker coming with his lunch pail every day and investing in his fair share of work, if you cant do right by them then theres something professionally wrong and i felt that this woman obviously was a correct representation of all workers because there were minority workers, women workers and rio joe did not stand in for everybody but he certainly was a symbol that after peoples imagination about what it meant to do this kind of employment and what the union, the city, the nation owed those types of people. Join us the first and third weekend of each month as we take American History tv on the road area for watch videos from any of the cities we visit, go to cspan. Org city tour and follow us on twitter at cspan city. The city tour exploring the american story. While in lansing we took a driving tour of the city with rory lands very from the visitors bureau. We are touring around lansingmichigan today. Where islansing . Im going to hold out my right hand and point right here because michigan is actually in the shape of a mitten. Its called the minton state. Are going to be here atthe bottom of our call today . I think what will do today is the downtown area. Then we will head up to oldtown later it is very popular and then out east to Michigan State university. Should we get going . Lets go. On the left youll see a tall tower. It was originally the old tower. Lansing eli holds came to lansing with his family and founded oldsmobile. And youll find his name in a lot of, and the car industry in a lot of things to talk about in lansing. A lot of people associate the car industry with detroit but it made its way here as well. It actually began here. Old was kind of a friend of henry ford he was the first, built the first assemblyline and then perfected so old a lot of great inventions. He sold the old Oldsmobile Company and founded a Company Called rio car company and both those Car Companies were here in lansing. We are the home of gm, General Motors and we have two stateoftheart facilities right here in lansing. You can see straight ahead the beautiful state capital of michigan. This building is, has been here since im going to say the mid1800s. The state capital welcomes thousands of School Groups and visitors each year. We like to think that lansing is not only the state capital and a place for government but also a great tourist destination. We will pacify a lot of government buildings. Here we have i want to say tens of thousands of government workers come down monday through friday work here in lansing. At our downtown. Really its dedicated to sandwich shops and that they can go and grab something to eat or find something quickly so this is washington square. Washington square is five blocks of both businesses and restaurants and some shopping. This building here is pretty spectacular. This is the next Department Store at one time and then was closed down as the Department Stores were built but it was in its heyday in the 30s, that was the most modern, fabulous noting of the midwest. Its not an art deco or maybe itsa form of art deco. Its more arts modern and they rehabbed it a little bit and out lansing journal as offices in there and theres apartment on the upstairs, the downtowns kind of died there for a little bit and those big Department Stores went away and now they come back with some wonderful options. Housing options. So its coming into our town here. Oldtown was kind of the original elements of lansing. It was back in the mid1800s or 1840s. John for shard was the first white settler here in midmichigan. And he puts a dam on the intersection of the grand river and indian trail. And then businesses and a few wooden houses and businesses started to pop up and then it became quite an industry. It had its own train station and its own post office. And businesses were thriving there. Then the state capital came things changed a little bit and then probably in the 60s, the downtown foundered a little bit and from the1980s, 90s , it started to have some artists that were interested and turned into this wonderful boutique art gallery filled area. Were going to head east down Michigan Avenue and where heading towards that she had State University. Going into east lansing now. And if lansing was built around Michigan State university. Was as an answer to the university because when the university started it was originally, it was the first landgrant college in the United States under this moral act and it was here and it was the First University to study scientific agriculture so its always been an Agricultural School so it out here in the middle of nowhere and they had to have housing for faculty and then the students and all that so east lansing has built up around michigan university. On the righthand side for coming in the campus. Its a huge campus. Its, the acreage is phenomenal. So youll see a lot of green space on here. Its really beautiful. Weve been all around lansing and east lansing. We seen the university, weve seen the state capital. He lives in reno nevada, theyre far away from the midwest. They dont know anything about lansing michigan. What would you want them to know about your city . Id like them to know that its not just a government city not just a car city and its not just, its a fun place. Its real and honest and gritty and genuine. I think that the biggest word is genuine. I think its a genuine city. Thank you so much for joining us today. Michigan State University located in east lansing was established in 1855. We visited the campus to speak with kaiser arrow about his book reclaiming theblack past. The majority of americans dont know much about africanAmerican History , largely because of how their talk about it in high school and then sometimes even in universities where normative standard us history courses dont cover the black experience in much detail. In most secondary schools, the majority of young people learn about most basic things pertaining to slavery, perhaps the harlem renaissance and the Civil Rights Movement. I would argue that its slavery and the civil rights period that she most people use of africanAmerican History when theyre studying black history and for this reason times people get caught in the paradigm of thinking about black history from the quote unquote deficit model or looking at black history through the lens of massive amounts of oppression. Certainly the black experience is predominated with notions of oppression and repression through the modern Civil Rights Movement but one has to strike when i would call a delicate balance to themes of victimization and oppression and perseverance, resistance and survival on the other hand. In my most recent book is entitled reclaiming the black past, the use and misuse of africanAmerican History in the 21stcentury argue most americans perception of africanAmerican History are based on how they are presented through vehicles and Popular Culture. Many americans perception of episodes, events, personalities from the past are largely shaped by hollywood films and sometimes by documentaries but i merely by hollywood films. I dont want to be too anecdotal here but i can say that ive had many students who have viewed certain films and then come to me and have said that they understand a certain experience on the hollywood film. If we take for example the green book that was recently applauded at many levels, it won many awards, there are some Serious Problems with how the green book not only supposedly represented the notion of what the green book meant for africanamerican communities but also based upon the representation that it had of the Civil Rights Movement in general terms. The green book was designed to serve as kind of a guide to africanamerican families and individuals who decided to travel to the south to visit family to go on vacation, etc. And they pointed out in this book spaces that were safe for africanamericans to stay in during the period of segregation. In the film it seems that all of the places that are safe places for africanamericans to stay while theyre traveling are run down for example and just watch the film and you will see the different scenes. When they depict the protagonist and him traveling down south also depict him as if he had no notion of what life was like for black people in the south. And again, this is done or purposes of hollywood, but this is how it plays out in many cases and lastly in that film like many other hollywood films dealing with black history theres this kind of black hero who is kind of played sidebyside with a white hero and the white hero comes the white savior in many cases and thats exemplified in the green book as well. We have to think critically when we look at these hollywood films and there are scores of them. There are more than a dozen hollywood films that have been released from the help in 2011 and they continue to be produced and we have to look at them critically because on the one hand there are scenes in the cells that portray certain episodes in africanAmerican History in ways that can be used for critical points of departure and in other ways they are largely oversimplifications of complex phenomenons that happened in the past. Its challenging for people who have not been exposed to lets say the underside of us history, or the mistreatment historically of black people to really be able to confront it and deal with it. I think that many of these misrepresentations of africanAmerican History and Popular Culture such as in films stem from the fact that again, the producers of these films are seeking to make money and if theyre seeking to make money in the United States by producing films you have to be concerned with who your viewership is and the majority of people who are seeing films in the United States are usually white americans so if you are going to show episodes or events in black history which often times have themes of victimization, resistance and oppression, you have to be cognizant of who your viewers are no the producers tend to package africanAmerican History in a manner that will be digestible by their white audience in many ways so they keep that in mind at least thats what i think. I think sometimes they dont consult enough with historians to get the facts more correct in many cases. In a perfect world, i think that africanAmerican History and the black experience would be for lack of better terminology integrated into the master or normative narrative of the us past area that would be ideal. It would be ideal that when we talk about us history and write about us history and teach about us history that all groups be given their fair do. I think that we have to be cognizant of this more in the future as we go through various telegraphic changes in American Society and i think that there has to be connections between professional historians and high school teachers, elementary cool teachers and also the publics fear and Popular Culture. For example, professionally trained historians should be more active in the public history movement. They should be more active in working with museums, more active in working with the National Park service. Professionally trained historians should be more active in working with high school teachers. So that they can translate to them some of these important issues in us history that they can therefore go on to translate to their students. Ive been teaching africanAmerican History were about two decades now and its very challenging to break down complex phenomenon in history to college and university students. And its even more challenging i would think to break down these concepts to younger students and high school and middle school or Elementary School and i think that when we tried to break things down and make them digestible, we can run the risk of oversimplifying things so i think we have to strike a balance with acknowledging that history is very messy, but that it is also something that we can categorize and prioritize in different ways and any time that something enters in the mainstream, it runs the risk of eating oversimplified, commodified and even commercialized so i think we have to pay close attention to trying to present accurate portrayals of the past while also creating a story that people want to see and that people are engaged by. Twice a month cspan city tour takes American History on the road. To explore the literary life and history of a selectedcity. Working with our cable partners, we visit various literary and Historic Sites as we interview local historians, authors and civic leaders. Watch any of our past interviews and tours online by going to book tv. Org and selecting city tour from the series dropdown at the top of the page. Or by visiting cspan. Org. Follow the city tour on twitter or behindthescenes and are images and video from our visit. The handle is at cspan city. Today at 10 am eastern on book tv, live coverage of the 2019 brooklyn book festival featuring a discussion on the Trump Administration with Pulitzer Prize winning author and historian gordon reed and historian and the wind power race, and the 20 20 election with author and journalist heidi and a look at historical resistance with author and activist the rain mckesson. Then a eastern, in his latest book power grab, former udall republican punishment jason argues that liberals are trying to undermine the trump presidency. There is this recurring theme that they really do believe on that radical far left side, they throw these labels like fascist and all these really negative terms on donald trump. But what i see them doing is exactly what they claim the president was doing. That in order to protect our freedom, they need to take it away. In order to make sure the First Amendment is in place they need to take away our rights under the First Amendment. Its just a recurring theme. Nine on after words, Michelle Malkin offers her thoughts on Us Immigration policy in herbook open borders incorporated. Hesinterviewed by texas republican punishment roy. And jeff basis as donated to many of these deeppocketed nonprofit organizations that are crusading for illegal alien rights. You wonder how it is a happy instant representation in court to sue over every last trump initiative, to enforce the law. And so big business and the us chamber of commerce are huge reasons for that. Watch book tv every weekend on cspan2. For four years, cspan has been providing america unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the Supreme Court and Public Policy events from washington dc and around the country. So you can make up your own mind, created by cable in 1979, cspan is brought to you byyour cable or satellite provider. Your unfiltered view of governance. And now on after words, ben westhoff reports on how labs in china manufacture fentanyl. Hes interviewed by and mclean custer of new hampshire. Founding cochair of the Bipartisan Opioid Task force. Its a weekly Interview Program with guest posts interviewing, nonfiction authors about their latest work. You for all your efforts. Working together, and we have been hit very hard in our state, 471 deaths last year. But