Transcripts For CSPAN2 Intelligence National Security Forum 20240714

Take you back live now to the conference on intelligence and National Security being held just outside of washington, d. C. This is a discussion about emerging and live coverage on cspan2. The intelligence champions council, emerging professionals and Intelligence Committee will be hosting the happy hour this evening. Year over year the senior most leaders in our community see summit as form to share strategic insight and critical partners, this has been no exception. We had allstar lineup to close out the program, to get us started please welcome to the state ken, Senior Vice President and general manager of perspective Intelligence Group, he will introduce our moderator. Ken, over to you. [applause] thank you. As suzanne mentioned im ken and im the Senior Vice President , general manager for the Intelligence Group at perspecta. We have been working with the Intelligence Community for almost 50 years and we are proud to be partnering afce at this years intel summit. Honored to introduce the moderator on strategic threats and National Selection priorities david, david is a prizewinning columnist and associate editor for the Washington Post. Twice weekly distributed column focuses on global politics, economics and international affairs. In his over 30 years with the Washington Post hes covered much of washington including the pentagon, the cia, capitol hill, Cyber Commands, turning experiences of the cia to 10 spy novels, david has been praised for understanding to have intelligence world, most recent hightech spy thriller the spy about covert race to build the first super computer. With that, please welcome david. [applause] thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. I want to get right down to business and introduce our allstar panel, these are familiar faces to you but i will briefly introduce first general paul, director of the National Security agency and head of Cyber Command, dr. Christopher scalise, director of national organization, Lieutenant General robert ashley, director of Defense Intelligence agency, admiral robert sharp, director of the national spacial intelligence agented cri, agency. Mr. Paul, responsible for the bureaus personnel, budget, administration and infrastructure. Before we get started on our discussion, i was talking backstage with general who has a special few words hed like to share. David, thank you very much. As fall marks period of transition for many of us also period of transition for insa as we get ready to recognize distinguished career, president of insa but clear in army and clear as professional Service Member at staff member at the center of armed services, chuck is getting ready to retire and on behalf of all of us who either work with chuck, worked with chuck and had the pleasure of being around chuck, thank you for a marvelous career, chuck. [applause] well, with that opening congratulations, i want to ask each member of our panel the same baseline question and i want to pose it this way as we know we have a National Military strategy that has really tried to focus the United States, our intelligence and the Defense Systems on the new reality of power competition, at the same time we have as everyone in this audience knows rapidly advancing changes in technology, so i want to ask each of you to begin by telling a little bit about how those two challenges, great power competition, you know, rapid set of technology affecting your agency. David, i begin with an idea, whats the opportunity and whats the challenge and the environments you describe, i would use one word for both of them, talent. Our greatest opportunity is our greatest strength which is our talent, the National Security agency 67 years, workforce that has been recruited, that has been trained, that has been retained to look at a changing atmosphere and for us that has been our power, as we look, though, for this changing world, our challenges in a period of increasing change and period of increasing technological advantage, how do we make sure that we retain that force and more importantly in this world, how do we ensure that we are able to recruit, train and retain a force that is not only represented of our nation but one that we can continue to compete with many of you in this room and other members of our government and even the services to make sure that we have the worldclass talent. I would second the talent but i would also add as an Opportunity One of the things we have is our partnerships, Strong Partnerships among the organizations that are sitting up here in front of you but also all of the organizations that we deal with, the industry which is providing new technology, new capabilities, we can certain take advantage of to improve our resiliency, advance our technology, reduce our costs and allow us to stay ahead of those who are trying to get ahead of us at the same time we have new new capabilities and new partnerships to be formed with the u. S. Base command now, we have a great partner paying attention to space which is something that is becomes much more critical aspect of our defense and intelligence posture and working with them and developing partnerships Like National Space Defense center is absolutely critical so i would add that in order to to stay ahead and to address those challenges that you mentioned, its talent and our partnerships that would really allow us to do that. General ashley. Let me add to what they said, the good thing is i absolutely agree. Problems are competition, we are not into it is a global problem. How do we harness the inside and aggregation of big data and apply analytics to be able to get that kind of indication and warning, indicate sights that you might not see and the information is disaggregated and the other part, you know, everything that we do is providing to decision leaders, understanding the aggregation of the information, applying the analytics that help you get the insights, thats one of the opportunities, the other part of that is you really have to layer that with classified collection, thats the secret sauce, theres big Data Information and then that is kind of integrated with the pristine collection that you get from the Intelligence Community and then the other part in terms of thinking, you know, here is the challenge, the challenge is understanding whats behind the analytics, great things that we do when we talk about talent and workforce is analysis, so if the Defense Intelligence agency it is all sorts analysis, im a huge advocate of everybody sitting up here getting well funded because they feed the Intelligence Agency but its important that i know whats behind that analysis, so some of the work that we do now with algorithms, machine learning, we have to be able to keep the trust that we built in our Senior Leaders by being able to help them understand what underpins that information and what we are doing right now is we are applying the normal trade that analysts would use in writing a piece of analysis to how looking at machine learning, for us to keep that trust and leverage Big Data Analytics we have to understand whats inside the machine and puts back together and built in such way that we are leveraging trade craft. Let me continue to build on the kind of the theme and the thread coming through here, one thing id tell you is although this is new, this isnt new for us. I spoke last month at dinner event, i started off by saying, let me frame the problem for you, great power competition, we have competitors that are design ing weapon systems, design to do us harm, defeat our ability, to know where and how they operate, defeat our ability to defend against them at the same time we are facing this this new source of i was that are coming at us, we need reimagine our work flows, we need to rethink how we are doing our it modernization, our infrastructure, we need to think through what are the skill sets that we have, all things that a guy name ray was dealing with back in 1984 as he was becoming director of the National Photographic Interpretation Center and we found ourselves in this transition period from going of what film processing, space film processing, technology coming online. You know, which was bringing new source of data and what i told the group there and what we are dealing with now is opportunity for us, you know, challenge for us and an opportunity for us. And the way we were successful back in the 80s when we were in that sort of competition, faced with the new technology, the way we were successful goes back to what was being highlighted here. It was because we had the best people and the best partners and we empowered those individuals, we told them here is the challenge we were facing, we dont know how we are going to get there but we need to get there and we gave them resources, stayed out of their way, we were successful. So i think we are in those inflection points right now which is why you see us all emphasizing the strength of us being our people and partnerships, those partnerships really broadly defined, you know, only a limited by imaginations and willingness to go out and create meaningful connections which is why forums like this are really so fortunate us and so important to the nation. Im going further double down on whats already been said, the people and the partnerships but to bring greater focus to it, its really the inner world and fabric of our all of our organizations and the way we Work Together which goes back to the people and the partnerships, you know, we in the fbi have incredibly talented creative, ambitious, missiondriven workforce, true patriots with passion for protecting our great country and the American People and thats what we all have across all of these great organizations and we get to see it coming together each and every day at the National Level and across the field and around the world as well, literally we are working side by side our people are better than ever, closer than ever to address the threats that are coming at us and leverage that technology can meet those challenges as we move forward, i will leave it at that. So i want to bring this discussion down from the 30,000foot level to the kinds of problems in which you all engaged and i want to start with you, each member of the panel talked about partnerships, we so often hear discussions of government approaches, almost mantra but you lived through a pretty interesting experience with that in trying to safeguard the 2018 midterm elections both in your nsa Cyber Command partnership and also working with the fbi and other agencies. Walk the audience through the basics of how that worked, how inner agency process, we would love to celebrate but it often is an obstacle to that kind of cooperation and not facilitator . So we thought about the elections for 2018, last summer one to have things we immediately did we went back and looked at 2016 and fairly understood our adversary and whether or not that was on the National Security agency side or u. S. Cyber com side, what we knew coming out of that we had to do something different. What was the different thing that we did . It was really 3 parts, first of all, we said, we will make sure that any adversary has no opportunity to get to our election infrastructure and so working very, very closely through the department of homeland, share as much intelligence as we had with regards to what our adversary might do, the second thing we said, we know that influence operations can very harmful and adversaries tried to play both sides of an issue, you know, very great timing here and federal bureau of investigation and the department of justice stood up the task force so working with the Foreign Influence Task force, again, sharing all of the information that we had, we said, this is what our adversaries might do and fbi was powerful in working with social Media Companies to alert them to the trade craft, the tactics, procedures that our adversaries were able to do before. The final thing is if theres adversary that are attempting to influence or interfere the elections, we will take them on, we will post cost to adversary, deploy teams to find those adversaries malware, we work with and through the government and we were able in 2018 in this whole of government effort i would say to deliver a safe and secure election, one that i would say is reflective of the power of all of our agencies but very, very reflective of really the talent. Well, recently about this effort and one of the things i noted with interest was that as you deployed your forward teams in this runup to 2018 elections, you were able to gather samples of russian malware in ukraine, other places and then post them publicly on a website so the community of cybersecurity professionals could take them down. I want to ask because you were in a sense on the other side of the partnership on whats its been like working with the fbi, working with state and local authorities in our country famously elections are matter for localities, how is that going in terms of easily interface with the authorities that actually have to run elections . The positive thing here is weve learned a lot from our mistakes back in 2016. Weve come together as a general state across government and all levels, federal, state, local and with the private sector importantly as well in way that is we probably couldnt have imagined even, you know, 2 or 3 years ago. Its working really well, the level of information, intelligent sharing with state, local officials, staying ahead of the threat, not after something has occurred has been incredible shifting to left of the threat and get as much intelligence out there to inform them and put them in the best position to protect themselves and the election infrastructure and then whats very encouraging is the gap weve closed significantly with, again, as the general mentioned, private sector social Media Companies, the level of sharing thats occurring now and has most recently 2018 is incredible, really, really and goes both way, we are putting intelligence information out to companies to help them spot bad actors on their platforms and remove them and theyre giving information back to us to inform our efforts so, again, as the general mentioned, we can take action against them and cut them off at the knees. So i want to ask general ashley to address in a little bit more the nature of the nearpeer competitor that we are now focusing on and thats china. Ive heard it said that the United States really has never faced an adversary quite like china, potential adversary and that this is economically powerful, technologically advanced and genuine competitor at all levels and i want to ask you from your perspective at dia, looking at all the material that you do, how would you characterize china, chinas buildup, what aspects of its Technological Development particularly concern you from your vantage . Your ability to project militarily and economic interests. I want to ask doctor scullys whose agency is so focused on overhead collection, about the new world we are all trying to figure out, the world in which there is Space Command, that even with other parts of the dod, not entirely there yet but i want to ask you if you would address the challenge of space and potential problems with so many people now wanting to focus on it. Its something people have begun to write about that our ability to project power around the world is entirely dependent today i think still, our ability to fuse spacebased assets, we increasingly understand we are vulnerable. Maybe you could speak about a new world of Space Command space force. How you will deal with it and how your life will be different, if at all. We are already working closely with these commands as it becomes what it will be for the nation so our workforce, national geo space agency, about half of our workforce works from here in virginia. 25 in st. Louis and the other 25 is globally dispersed. We have members embedded in our departments and agencies in all the commands and combat zones and its a strength of our agency that is very connective and collaborative by nature. Imagine this because we already stood out a support team for space from where we are establishing location with them so the other command we can be in the battleground meetings and here for the commanders requirements are and we can make sure we are meeting as part of our approach. Back to your question on spacebased, we dont solely rely on space to do our job, theres a whole big foundational aspect of knowing the earth and understanding the world that comes from all kinds of different ways of bringing in sources of data. We do certainly benefit from great capabilities in space, some of them for u. S. Government designed, owned and operated. Some of those increasingly are commercial capabilities, some are increasingly also investments that are International Partners are making or are making or anticipating making and we view that as an opportunity, as additional sources second answer the myriad of questions we get from senior policy makers to pentagon decisionmakers to the operational tactical levels. One of the things we were dealing with the today was the dorian and how we can get into the capabilities out there so we can provide government, nongovernment organizations, who will be responding there, better awareness as to what it looks like and what it looks like now. Thats part of that tension on figuring out how we will do business in the future. You dont feel that as a competition of sources, we need it to be an opportunity to be smarter about how we do business and it was mentioned before that it was disgusting, i will know what i need to know when i know it. I want to do it happy so ive been saying, i went on missions on demand, i dont know what that is but i think i want thats a lot of requests. I think what we are doing in space will be critical to success in the future. Let me turn to doctor scullys and focus on one issue that i wrote a bit about a few months ago. There are some who think we do need to consolidate our spacebased assets planning, intelligence and military sides of the and worry about having multiple space oriented types. Its historically a real problem in our country. I want to ask you, how you are thinking about working with Space Command. What you see is a particular challenge, i assume you want to see them separate but the argument why somebody walked into the room and said, why should all be combined . Whats the answer asked. First, the creation of Space Command and discussion and hopefully the creation of space force is an indication of how important the nation consider space and space assets. Nro plays a Critical Role in providing information defense and intelligence agencies to be able to support the National Needs for the intelligence analysts and the work. We need to preserve that type of capability. With Space Command, its an answer, we now recognize its a work fighting domain. To provide the resilient, assurances that the overhead intelligence will be coming now, we have to have the ability to protect and defend our assets. One stuffy in our o owns from the commercial and other assets. Weve been working with Space Command actually before it was set up. We are trying to develop a strategy, how will we operate in a crisis or conflict situation so we do have the unity of effort the government needs to protect these critical assets that everybody is relying on. I see it as really a force multiplier, Space Command is a wonderful institution to have the country right now and going forward. We will work with them and we have been working closely. I think its probably one of the best partnerships ive seen in the space industry, for space business. I said that to go forward and we will find ways to go forward find the courses of actions we need to take under various situations and we will make the situation better. If you go back 2013 2014, there is the discussion of building a cyber mos within the army and was pushed between there because we thought we had equity in both side and we would look at structure for that capability. We look back it was the chief at the time that said we are going to build cyber capability. Its that laser focus that led to cyber and capabilities we have now so i think thats an example of the need to have attention to build a Space Command and have that focus on work that lies. Its yet another layer as we look at how we do foundational work and how the enemy will fight, we have to be able to build for the war 500. I hope you know it possible to send questions electronically to me and we have several that i will turn to. The attention of our european allies that focus so intensely in recent weeks and months on exit, we have two questions from the audience and i might turn over to general actually to get started. You can hand them off to anyone you want. First, russia is clearly interested in undermining european unity. The intelligence communities believe they influenced the box it bought. If so, how did the russians operate and what impacted it . They did fabulous work. How would you answer that . Important to consider in which our adversaries operate today. Ability to deal with property and ability to steal your personal information and attempt to interfere in that. I would offer whether or not its the environment in which you are operating below armed conflict. We have response to that, or we have to be able to do is how will we share intelligence, impose cost and assess the situation . From my perspective, thats among the most important things we are seeing in a changing environment today. Youre talking about strategy, absolutely. They are dividing the west, thats where they will focus. We talk about nature and work, the change in technology so having a Foreign Government try to influence is nothing new. Back in the days, all the way back to glenn, you had reflexive control. Its information in which is driving toward a decision for the outcome they desire. Its influence. Its deception. Theres nothing new about this. Whats new is the means by which you can do it at scale and speed whether it pushing out on behalf of the caliban to influence the african populace. The means by which you can do at scale but that attempt is nothing here. Think about what we are seeing in hong kong, the ability to take whether or not it cameras at abercorn or a deflection of data from personal cell phones that the chinese are doing but being able to organize that information is scale different than before. It provides authoritarian regimes, every single bit of information to do that. Were all stretching our strengths and partnerships. I can tell you regardless of how those discussions are going, theres been no change whatsoever in the strength of our partnership. Each one of us, i know i do daily talking to my british counterparts along with australian, new zealand, weve been embedded within our force. When only have good friends, we have friends who are really good at what they do and they bring tremendous capability capacity. As they deal with brexit and diplomat from a government perspective, i can tell you theres been no effect whatsoever in the way we cooperate military or intelligence. Im sure Law Enforcement to Law Enforcement also. You all live in this world, its been enormously beneficial to the u. S. And partners, i always wonder as a journalist who writes about this subject, there are other partnerships can be decent. We see them pull away from europe and we realize we have partners and allies in europe, our intelligence is with them, every think it could be. There are ways to deepen that. Just curious, whether any of you would have something to say about that. Its expanding allies and partners. Deepening relationships and classify the level, think about nontraditional labeling chips, bilateral is usually deeper but the opportunities exist to build relationships. Rather than starting with construct, its an incredibly strong relationship, at a different angle. What is the problem youre trying to solve . Rather than starting with a couple of nations or three or four, what is the problem youre trying to solve . Realize it was going to be certain entities that conjure others but they organize yourself around the problem, just nation relationships at that time is a good way to start. We have to push on a door that someone opens in regard to policy but theres still a lot of cold war mindset when it comes to bringing partners in. I think we will have partnerships part of our partnerships here are also partnerships with industry and academia. From personal experience, we are trying to build a force for the future in Science Technology and mathematics to make sure we are the leaders in the tech world. In 1990, 28 of our computer scientists were women. By 2000, it dropped to 20 and now its about 18 . Addressing that in terms of building that path, im sure touches all of our intelligence agencies. But this is something i would say is, for us, incredibly important in our partnerships. At the great point, bring industry into the discussion. You build the capabilities for us. As we think about how we operate, you provide incredible capability that enables us, we need to be an opera with our partners. Theres no time we cannot share that technology and limiting factor to look at that scale. They want to work for us which is great but we want to have the infant mind. The relationships with universities and particularly the start up companies but also the major corporations out there is absolutely critical to our success. We will bring in new technology and capabilities, stay ahead of our competitors. We need to have that capability drop that from not just the u. S. But from around the world to get that accomplished. Let me ask about the district from the other side of this coin. We want to be open to the world, we want to use our universities as an open, creative source of innovation. Sbi is charged with making sure our competitors like china are not using the openness of our universities, companies, the talent to steal vital National Security information. We all know the fbi is more forward leaning out and trying to talk to universities and companies. Give us a sense of first, the message you want the audiences to have from the bureau about being vigilant, what you want them to different also how youre trying to avoid overdoing this. Is really coming together in ways we havent seen before. We go out alongside partners and work, who done it for a long time in the academic world and private industry, provide briefings, getting out and talking with people in leadership throughout those worlds. I dont think its always been taken seriously. One of the things weve seen with the focus on elections particularly, in the emergence of social media are taking advantage of that and the harm thats been done, its brought attention and focus on that publicly like never before. I just dont think its been well recognized globally in the good thing, its not good but the awareness level of the people has been incredibly elevated in the past few years because of the bad things that have happened in the efforts of our organizations to grow and talk about it publicly and spotlight it in ways that we probably werent open to and have never done in the past and historically. Thats a key piece of all of this and protecting our country, educating the public about the threat and tools and information they need to protect themselves and the world in which they live whether its academic or private industry. We have initiatives in the fbi, we have a private sector now and engagement, weve invested in people and the resources and do that more broadly and deeper than ever. We are doing it in combination with our partners probably more broadly than ever and having an impact because of the public spotlighting, its a cost out there in the media. We are finding out people from those worlds are coming through us much more so than being resistant to it as we have experienced in the past. So thats a very positive thing. Its even better to defend the country and the people think going forward. s west bank recognition from the secretary of defense matte matters, there protecting Critical Technology task force because of the property being lost in the contract so thats one aspect. The hill is much more aggressive the last year end a half to make it more aggressive and then the agents, we have a team that has representation from services but does supply chambers so from counterintelligence, you understand whats behind for chip or sub to put a chip in the surveillance camera, for a good example, the ones we found was in some cases you have something called white labeling where if its the company, they may not be the one to manufacture that. Then she can sell it because she can push that forward as her product. Thats not illegal. Thats understanding the supply chain, its critical. You get into the cyber risk and productivity and everything at this point, if you dont understand where every component to that system came from from your accepting risk. Is a very interesting question from our audience that focuses on the supply chain issue and i want to read it. I welcome each of you to think about the integrity of your supply chain. Weve long known china and north korea and other countries have tried to steal commercial technologies but to what degree today work to sabotage commercial supply chain given our laboratory goals and capabilities, what areas are most vulnerable and how much they sabotage American Economy works. Again with the idea of, do we understand our supply chain . This points to, whats the totality of knowledge . Some of the tactics and techniques used but i think the big part, how we have a fully thorough understanding of not only understand but also then verify confidentiality and assurance of whats coming out of it . Spent a tremendous amount of time on that. We had id say a long history of understanding how our adversaries can do that based on what we have watched and being able to apply that. Any other thoughts on how to make sure the supply chains are not sabotaged . We have to understand our supply chain all the way from the supplier and all of their subs to make sure we understand whats going into our system. Thats a very hard task we have to work with organizations to do. We need everybody to go off and work it. Its a very critical issue, particularly as general ashley pointed out, you dont necessarily always know who felt it so understanding the supply chain detail is critical. Also protecting the data that we develop in developing tools and capabilities, we develop it to make sure the data is secure. So its not copied and brought to the supply chain. The verification on this, we talked about some of the risks associated with technology and understanding your supply chain and also your intellectual property is an added dimension capacity to that that we need to complexity figure out your verification and validation of the accuracy of the information you have especially as we define our partnerships more broadly and we actively to go out and seek information to help us answer important questions. We will have to think through spatial realm, assurance and how we build that in to make sure we are protecting the validity of our own process that we can verify an accuracy of the sources we bring in . The contract is yet a vehicle, we have not looked at contracts in the past. It would preclude certain relationships with a foreign entity that part of that. You got to validate and verify. I get all kinds of visits. My counterparts which are absolutely tremendous engagements but thats one that i talk about. Had an engagement this morning with a counterpart and i said one area i think we can work with, at some point, solutions and as much as you can protect your network, your connecting to something you didnt necessarily build yourself if you bring in partners. You will have some degree of preference, and drink architectures so its just education of your partners in general supply the same order you do and how you verify what goes inside the networks. Something used to talk about, exclusive subject of conversations at a gathering like this, not as often as almost set aside, it reminded every day in some ways, terrorism. The fbi has done an extraordinary job over the last 15 plus years in dealing with domestic threats. You now broaden your lens a little bit so we are not necessarily talking about pointing out terrorism, have domestic groups, talk about how the bureau is looking at this problem to the extent you are changing how you allocate resources. Give us a glimpse of that. Its important to say that all of us represent here remain laser focused on counterterrorism. Even with all the emerging threats and hyper threats and the complexity of the threats coming out, which we touched upon already, we have continued to keep a focus on countering terrorism and protect people from harm. They continue to do that but the counterintelligence world and the cyber threat, the terrorism threat is morphing into taking shape in ways we havent seen before as well. We do categorize it in terms of International Terrorism and domestic terrorism and we approach it from that perspective in terms of prioritization in resourcing and we have seen a shift from the overseas terrorist organization attempting and mounting largescale spectacular Traditional Authority to the loan after here in the u. S. Taking singular action on a much smaller scale with simple methods like cards and knives readily available everyday. Weve had the shift in that and its a growing problem represented in the numbers we see in terms of arrests and disruption and practically what we have seen as well. If we look past the past couple of years, we have in excess international and domestic terrorism in excess of 100 or so arrests were we were able to get in front of it collectively and neutralize the individual before they actually committed an act of violence against anyone. Weve had too many events occur in the recent time and they are working hard together to prevent that from happening. When somebody is acting alone, for Communications Indicators that we might monitor, Foreign Terrorist Organization or group thats no longer there, we have people being radicalized individually and on their own in the basement. We are having to work more closely with our communities here in the u. S. We found positively we are getting a lot of reporting from people closest to those who want to commit an act of violence. Family, friends, close associates, those in the position to spot bad behavior so we are doing a lot of outreach in that regard. I want to ask about my technology question, you think about that really is one thats happening out in the private sector, the reluctance of the biggest and best technology company, especially the ones in the a. I. Space that we most need as those technologies work. They work for the u. S. Government, for obvious example is the petition circulated among google employees about project mayhem that left google management to pull back from that. How to ask you, maybe in a few sentences, as many of you would like, share with us what you would say to employees, google or anywhere else on this question of why you and your company should be willing to work with u. S. Government among these technologies. Was very accurate when he said we have companies who dont want to work with us but they are willing to Share Technology with an agent developing an internet that approached to attack our citizens . Its not the sames beliefs in the rule of law and ability for freedoms, is that really the future members of this company want to go through in the future . I would offer for us, a very small population of people. We deal with a number of different ones every single day. Thats not an issue we have seen and i would close by saying, our employees have one single thing that shares commonality across all of our agency. Thats a very powerful thing. Among the things that i would check with employers of companies that would say hey, we dont want to necessarily do business with you. We were talking a bit about your recent contacts and employees, maybe you could share that with the audience. From our experience, thats kind of an outlier. We have tremendous interaction with our Industry Base and that Large Companies defense with history, a new Startup Company across the board. Weve made it a small investment with Silicon Valley and the outpost in austin, texas just so we can have dialogue with some of these companies, one to help explain to them who we are and what we do. You get beyond these what we think bic does, just helping them understand the broad range of things we do and also creates an important dialogue to help them understand in meaningful ways the challenges we are facing and where they might be able to apply something they already have or are developing toward helping us solve our problems. We can work through these, we have strong relationships right now and also like some, its really important to the success of protecting this nation and other nations like us around the globe. It cannot be in on emotional topic. You have to stay emotional and its hard not to. For 35 years, protect your hopes and dreams. Thats my rule. I get with other sailors and soldiers, that is my wife. Thats why i get up every morning. For somebody who says you cant get on that and support that cause, theres a small outlier because we dont go into that. How would you not want to work in support hopes and dreams of your family. Thats what its about. [applause] one of the Creative Things that i have noticed with the pentagon doing is trying to involve the smartest people in developing what theyre calling a. I. , ways of drawing the community of the best and brightest into the discussion of what our roles will be in week will do this in the american way. I think part of it is helping to understand the problems were trying to solve. I go back to the time when des was first at the pentagon and chris came on board and i was having a conversation with one of the seniors and i said, how can we afford it . He said he pushed econ. Money is not an issue. Hes here about solving problems for the nation. I think thats part of the proposal we want to make, we have some very hard problems. We need your support. Thats why i want to bring you on board and help us do that. We cant do it without you. I have a couple of questions about space and i bet there will be a lot of people in the audience who want to hear the answer. Theres so much Data Available from commercial sources, does the u. S. Government have a future in geo and or should we rely on commercially available information . Thats one question and i will read the other. We have intelligent from space, unfortunately, this is part of the question but basically, how do we get intelligence for Space Operations . We seen as a platform, theyre getting information, now we have to operate up there. If you could address those two questions. The short answer is yes, theres absolutely Mission Space barr government in the Intelligence Community continuing to involve in that. Its because everything happens somewhere in space and time. We need to make sense of it as it relates to space and time. So we can operate safely and get from point a to be by understanding the physical characteristics so you can start to overlay our understanding of what is happening where it makes sense of it to help answer questions from policy makers to work biters to first responders. Where i see us going with this investment coming from commercial industry and this is a great partner of opportunity for us. We need to be good stewards of u. S. Dollars, where we can leverage other peoples investments to help us with what we need and where we need to focus our efforts so we can answer those questions that are not being answered. Or so we can make sense out of data faster than potential competitors. In the military, we talk about observing and acting. The former chief of operations would often say, compared to advantage historically has been observing any competitors out there, its becoming more of a level playing field. We need to figure out how we will act and make some kind of data. I think theres a big play for Government Military for the Intelligence Community to be continuously involved in that. I think i hear you saying over time, give up some of the things like used to because you dont have to do them anymore, you can buy them. You can buy different sources and Services Available out there. If you look at the broad range of customers we serve, its anywhere from government policy makers to individuals at a tactical level and also other government agencies, this Disaster Relief going in response to victoria, we need to be able to provide information, geospatial information to a broad range of customers. Some of that will be available from commercial sources, some from creating ourselves and we will have to disseminate where and when needed on a broad range of levels. If somebody is providing it and that meets the requirements we need, it allows us to focus on whats not being done and needs to be done. Thats what we try to look at all the time, to be sure you get the best as quickly as possible. Timeliness of the data thats really critical in todays world. So yes, we have to work with all pieces of the supply chain or information about the earth. So we can make it available so we can use as quickly as possible. When it makes sense, when it meets requirements of the people here in the broader intelligence and defense immunity and then we develop those things that we absolutely need and provide it. That sort of answers your question. We use space as a platform for collection. We need to think about collection in the domain that is spaced out. If theres anything you want to briefly say about that. Using space and ground to find about what is threatening space as we get more and more countries developing these abilities and threats, its something we need to be very much aware of. Thats one of the reasons they are such a Strong Partnership between Space Command and nro is to understand the threats and utilize the resources available. In order to address it and be able to mitigate it. One of the things we put out, publication called challenges in space and when the secretary of defense said we would like to look at what we can talk about in terms of lasers and all those things, what can we put on the domain for congress and city leaders bringing that into a public dialogue . Without okay, it will be a trifold that we cant share. We produced a 40 page document and played out a significant amount of capability for russia, china, iran and dp rk. The things you talked about, workfare, all that is at that level. We start that dialogue to understand the nature of that threat. Would come to the end of our our and i want to say my panelists, your operating in the most interesting but also most sensitive, its wonderful when you are all willing to come here and share your views about what goes on in your agency. Thank you. [applause] what a great way to conclude this summer. Dry meat and another round of applause. [applause] i have a few announcements. A big thank you to our volunteers who put this program together. Moderated all the events. Executing what i think has been a flawless event. Thanks to our sponsors and of course our exhibitors. I would especially like to think chuck, bob, ray lewis, larry, jacqueline, gretchen and toya all of whom were instrumental to the event success. Thank you. [applause] a special thanks to bob shea who has been a tremendous partner, not only with the stomach but with our joint commitment to provide opportunities like this for Publicprivate Partnership within the u. S. Intelligence and across the broader National Security landscape. Thank you very much. [applause] again, our sincere thanks to the sponsors and exhibitors to our crucial to the stomach. We could not do it without your. Most of all, i would like to thank all of you, thank you for your participation in the fabulous questions thanks to your commitment to our shared mission. It is strong Collaborative Partnership between government, industry and academia. There are absolutely critical to successfully meeting todays and tomorrows jet and challenges. We had a lot of good dialogue this last day and a half. Thank you for joining us, we hope to see you next week in our classified session and save the date, 2020 some part of the press, september 17 and 18 . Everybody be safe going home, join us at the happy hour if you can and again, a big round of applause to our last panel. [applause] [inaudible conversations] is a look at our prime time schedule and the cspan network. Starting at 10 00 p. M. 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No matter whether they are in the white house for planning the next mass shooting. 11 00 p. M. , jim mattis recounts his military career and his thoughts on leadership in his book callsign chaos, learning to read. Watch book tv every weekend on cspan2. Up next, richard discusses the movement of 2020 election, global trade and tariffs and trump administration. Its hosted by the Christian Science monitor. Good morning. Our guest today is richard, president of the afl ci. The largest generation of labor union. This is his 11th