Transcripts For CSPAN2 Intelligence National Security Forum 20240714

Reception. We do have a pretty full slate of program today, including three plenary sessions, six Breakout Sessions, the summit concludes this afternoon with what should be a very memorable discussion with most of our top Intelligence Agency leaders. As a reminder, we value your questions. I hope you saw several of your questions asked yesterday, and in particular, start thinking of your questions and get them and so we can get them up on stage. And again, if you see it up there, think will try to have a scrolling thing to remind you of the email address so please get your questions in. Yesterday, you heard a little bit about next weeks classified summit follow one day. Based on your feedback we brought the summit format last year by adding a classified follow one day this year declassified day takes place the week from today on thursday september 12, at nga east campus in springfield. Stacy, thanks again for hosting us out there. We are honored to have odni Deputy Director for Mission Integration beth kicking off this program. Many of you may know beth, but for those who dont, or portfolio is significant. Shes responsible for the coordination of the entire communities mission, priorities analysis and collection while also overseeing the National Intelligence council, the National Intelligence management council, and the president s daily brief. Registration for classified day closes today. Cleared personnel can register online at www. Intel summit. Org, or stop by the kiosk up at the other end of the exhibit hall. And let them know you would like to attend. Later today you receive and events survey after registration email address. Please, i know you all get a lot of surveys like i do but once in a while theres one survey that may be worth taking a look at, and we would really, really value your feedback and it will really make a difference. I can tell after having gone through this seven times now of putting the program together for the next year. Its a yearlong process that we will take every bit of your feedback into account as a kind put together the following Years Program picks a please give us your responses. I would like to thank our sponsors again at encourage all of you to take advantage of the opportunities to interact with our exhibitors today. We couldnt do this program without their support, so a round of applause for our sponsors again. [applause] a few logistical points now at the conclusion of this mornings plenary will have a 30 minute networking break followed by Breakout Sessions focus on active cyber defense, government collaboration, and technology innovators. And recruiting and developing the future workforce. Lunch will be available starting at 11 30 a. M. We will reconvene in the ballroom at 12 30 p. M. For our defending cyberspace plenary. Now, tony, its my pleasure to introduce tony fraser, executive Vice President of global Field Operations to introduce our moderator. Tony, over to you. [applause] good morning, everyone. As jeff mention my name is tony fraser an executive Vice President of Global Operations at maxr which was formed to the formed about two years ago, and we participate in this forum two different legacy brands. We felt it was important to get closer to this community and become a sponsor of this event because we do about a third of our business with the have 1500 team members and given our focus on the company is helping our customers harness commercial innovation this has the intelligence and space infrastructure that theres opportunity to drive mission and transformation in mapping intelligence, communications, space explosion. This is a really Important Community for us to be more closely aligned with. Its my pleasure to introduce our moderator, tish long. Tish is the chair of Intelligence National Security Alliance pictures also the former director of nga. My exposure to tish started when, during my time at digital globe when i heard her share her vision, and that inspired a lot of innovation, Great Partnership between industry and government that led to many transformations, you know, from making imagery available across committee on rapid timelines to our Global Delivery program as well as turning consumers of imagery through programs like noaa. Definitely decided about this excited about this panel entering some of the insights today that lead to innovation tomorrow. With that please join in welcoming tish. [applause] tony, thank you very much, and its great to see you here this morning and we very much appreciate your continued support of insa and all youre doing for this National Security commission. Im chairman of the board of insa and im very honored to be moderating this very distinguished panel here this morning. I think well have some fun, at least thats what i tell them backstage. Okay. On the panel when the founder and cto of hawkeye 360 and hawkeye is a Data Analytics company. Stacy dixon, Deputy Director a and the former director of. Tina, director and and Major General john shaw, United States air force who is the Deputy Commander of air force Space Command. Im good at each of them do a short introduction to frame their mission and their priorities. So after we hear from them, ill start a couple of rounds of questions. As chuck said, please get your questions ready. Ive already had a few pop up on the ipad, so we certainly want to be able to answer your questions from the audience. So chris, over to you. Take you, tish. First off, thank you do insa for hosting this incredible an important event. Tish, thanks for leading the panel. Again, chris dumais, one of the founders and chief Technology Officer for hawkeye 360. My background is in government, spent 14 years both with nsa and in a row. In fact, by lasker but boss is on the panel with me today, and from those experiences i learned quite a bit about government capabilities but more importantly i learned a lot about technology. As i learned about technology i was seeking out opportunity to create something new. The panel today will be a bit about opportunity. Hawkeye 360 story is about opportunity. Its about a convergence of new technologies that enables our capabilities. A convergence of those technologies with customer interest and Financial Support from a great set of investors. So having the cash, the interest of having to attempt to allow this to be built. Its been a wonderful experience. We are four years old. We raised over 100 million. Part. Part of the theme i will weave into the conversation day is about how private equity is allowing as to great something that the government can leverage. This isnt just hawkeye. This is all the private industry that is sticking their neck out there to take risks, allowing the government to take less risks in leveraging some of us spacebased technologies and capabilities. Hawkeye is an rf Analytics Company but we are building out a spacebased constellation of small satellites that are able to detect, locate rf coming off the earth for the purpose of providing geospatial information about the spectrum of the planet. Ill leave it at that for now. Look forward to the questions. Thank you. Very good, chris. Stacy. Stacy dixon, Deputy Director for National Geospatial Intelligence Agency here been in the fall for just over two months but been with nga since 2010, and we exist to basically show the way, help the country understand the world. We do this by providing Geospatial Intelligence to policymakers, war fighter, Intelligence Committee members who need to understand whats happening at different places in the world. And better understand the work itself. Theres lot of information about the world whether its gravity, Magnetic Fields that we need understand to be able to use the technology that exists today. We help provide that. I think we all understand that without a a gps we would all be very lost. Help in providing that is looking more specifically with understanding whats taking place in Different Countries were we may not be able to other sources or we may not be able to have eyes around all the time. The overt constellation helps us do that so we try to make sure the decisionmakers understand that on whats happening to answer the questions they have but also to provide the information they need which may be different than the questions they are asking. We want to help them understand the sensors that are out there, the capabilities that are out there to help them complete their missions. I started my career actually at the the and or elsewhere on the interim exit here on this panel which is a great introduction to the Intelligence Community working with nga as a partner. I ended up here a couple years after that. Ill stop there. Thanks, stacey. Tina. Tina harrington, director of signals acquisition as part of the inner row. Ive been with in a row since 1993 which is hard to believe. Im in a variety of positions, first as corporation and slopping over the government and 2006. Our mission is basically everything from research and development, acquisition, operations, all about feeling and doing the right thing for intel and military research. We basically work very closely with our Mission Partners at nga and nsa, will also work very closely with air force making sure with the right partnershid were doing the right things on both sides. We are one of our lifeblood is innovation. One of things i love about whats happened in commercial space is its letting us focus our technologies, things that are just unique to us, but in leveraging so much that is coming out of the commercial world. And the other piece that i find you some exciting watching from 199310 now, the whole space world, is a transition with the commercial now really stringing more and more to life, its how much more interest, new professionals coming out of school have in the space. And thats really driven by a lot of the commercial work that is being done. Governments thought and it takes a long time. Space kind of fell as part of that but now you see all these folks that say because of the new launch providers that we have, because of the commercial small satellite business, the ability to do things in schools and in universities has actually launched small satellites, thats been really driven by the commercial market. And the ability for us to take advantage of that market thats now coming out to help us feel the generation of professionals we need as we move forward. Terrific, tina. A couple of questions coming out of those remarks already. Thanks, tish and thanks to insa for hosting this form. Im Deputy Commander for Space Command anchor space operator astronomical engineer and full disclosure, two of my favorite sinus in my career were with the National Reconnaissance office, so we have a Common Thread there. In case you havent noticed, space as a war fighting debate has been a major theme interNational Security circles here for several years now. And to invoke ricks french friend from casablanca, we are shocked, shocked to find the space in war fighting coming, right . Actually truth i think we shouldnt be surprised. That might be the biggest thing to take with why is that . Because space is critical for modern warfare and to modern society here and only increasingly so in so many different ways. And yet it is perceived by potential adversaries to be vulnerable. And so its only logical and we should not be surprised that therefore our space could buildings with air force be threatened and that potential adversaries would develop capabilities to threaten those, our space could but those that are so critical. So the big tech that weve been facing really within the National Security arena but more focused at air force Space Command is how to make this shift to space as a war fighting domain . The big tectonic plates that youve all been watching im sure have been the standard of the United States Space Command, a new combatant command, really brings back the old United States Space Command but definitely not the same flavor. Which by the way just was established last week in the rose garden ceremony at the white house, and we wont cinch the whole thing next monday in Coral Springs with the ceremony overseen by the chairman or general agreement will take the fight for the new United States Space Command. That brings its own challenges and its own right and intelligence support acumen will require and a bit has been a major priority for general raymond as he stands up this new combatant command. If they tectonic plate that we will know more about in a few weeks is space force, that wod be the organized train and equip arm, a service that would then supply the capabilities and the war fighters to you Space Command on the other combatant commands as necessary. And weve been looking really hard at what we think that would look like and how to set up a space force for success. But qaeda baby a little bit below the waterline that maybe hasnt got a lot of tension we can spend time on is hey, its not just about the organization. What are the capabilities we need to develop . To protect and defend our Space Capabilities. And perhaps the most important thing is how do we grow the people to do that. And one component of that Human Capital piece is the intelligence type. We are going to have to go intelligence professionals for the space domain that support operational and foundational intelligence for potential war that exist in space here its a major for us. I think i will leave you with in fact, ill challenge you to think about this right now. When you think of space and intelligence together, you might be like me, in my career i think about intelligence collection in space coming down to the earth. Intelligence from space. We need to think really, really hard now about intelligence for space. Where is that intelligence expertise, the processes, the capabilities we have to understand whats actually happening in the space environment to support general raymond in his capacity at united United States Space Command for potential work in space. A new kind of focus area for us moving forward. So look forward to the panel and the questions. General shock, but nicu something there. Its not a question but a comment. Im really, really happy to hear you say that, coming from the operational side of the house. Those of us who have been in intelligence profession are entire career, sometimes perfect intelligence is simply assumed. So its nice to hear you say that you understand that we dont know everything we need to know to support operations of space. So getting that signal, understand the requirements so those capable as can be built is very important. So thanks for that and we will probably come back to that. Im going to start off with something that was kind of woven throughout all of your comments, if this this is a question forf you. This is a jump ball. All you can answer, some of you, but the stock and option for none of you. Okay, so both the government and industry now have a wide range of capabilities, whether its large, whether its building small sets, spacebased medication systems, analytics. Theres a lot out there. And what i liked her from you is, what are the implications of an increasing democratization of spacebased capabilities that allows any company or any adversary to operate in space . So what are the challenges, what are the opportunities for us . Its exciting. Ill start with the good. All of the potential information that would be accessible ondemand anywhere around the world is very exciting. The creativity thats going to be needed to great the tools that will allow us to use this information, to be able to store more efficient with those are the things that are a little more daunting. So a lot of things were going to have to be watching and monitoring, and we know that we cant expand the number of people to be able to look at everything. So its about really moving towards having that machine human teaming which provides a lot of other new challenges in the way we do things a great opportunity in the way that we will be able to allow some the more routines, some of the more repetitive tasks to be done by machine so we can leave humans to do the more creative and critical thinking. That part is really exciting. In addition to the u. S. Commercial and government, fibula to also leverage all the foreign partners, not only for their satellites and sensors but also for their analytics and for the product creation. Theres a lot of opportunity out there to really not have to do everything ourselves anymore to really leverage those alliances. I look at what commercial is doing and lets us leverage my boss used a saying, we should buy what we can and build what we must. Governor dollars are always, no matter what it might look like, Still Limited and we want to focus on things that we and we alone need to do, not the things that others can do. Obviously, adversaries are going to feel things. I would say put that in the other domain that we live in and work in. Air domain adversaries do things. Land domain adversaries do things. Sea, cyber. Space may be new to that domain, but we need to treat is the same as others, understand what adversaries are doing and were not going to stop that, but how to get the intelligence for it like weve done the intelligence for all the other doe mains. Let me so let me suggest an analogy that might help kind of reframe how we might look at this because i sometimes think that gets framed as a government versus commercial or its all about the are there places that are going to be friction points and such things and that could be true. Im sure did i understand ill let the historical ians give th right answer. Im sure the British Empire said look at the commerce that suddenly exploded around the globe, thats fueling the british economy, the world british economy. How did the british navy reacted to that, oh, how, what do we need to do, in the similar way with the space, how do we have the domain we havent thought about it and all this. But i think theres some optimism like, hey, now the economics of the British Empire of what were doing in the maritime domain and look at that as a british navy. At the same time and tina alluded to this, theyre probably thinking what are the dutch and french doing and what are they learning about trafficking on the in the maritime domain that we dont know about that we need to catch up with because it could be a threat to our ability to maintain maritime superiority. And thats an analogy of how this kind of unfolds. The economic engines have been unleashed and i hope theyre sustained, the key question, wed want to leverage that the best from a government perspective and realize there are challenges associated with that and providing security in that environment, incentivizing further Economic Investment and also be prepared for new threats in that domain. Thats by an air force officer, love the maritime analogy. On this panel important that i say leveraging opportunity is important nor u. S. Companies in particular for u. S. To maintain their strategic advantage in space. As u. S. Companies have, in 2018. There was over 3 billion put into Space Technology companies and that money is essentially building a platform of not only the launch companies that you mentioned, but also, ground transport, data transport, Space Technology, thats enabling somebody to have the best and most capable space assets. It is my biased perspective and interest for u. S. Companies to be seen as the best place to go to for their capabilities in order to maintain the streategic advantage and i feel its inseparable when it comes to that technology in order to make sure that that technology is used in a in a way thats most beneficial. So lets follow on to that, chris. You know, necessary, inseparable, how is it going . And ill again make it broader, you know, several of you talked about in particular the partnerships that have to occur between your two agencies between the air force and the other military services, with industry, with our allies. So how are we doing in developing those partnerships . Do we have an architecture that easily ingests what industry has to offer, what our International Partners have to offer and, you know, how are we doing between intel and ops . I mean, ill just make it broad there. Is it working . So start with you, chris. Ill say where its working the best from my perspective, from our space community, is that these Small Companies are being built from the ground up with interoperability and about internships in mind, built from the beginning with the hooks in place so they can talk to each other and leverage each others parts of the value chain. Ive also seen where the in the case of the u. S. Government, theres been a lot of transparency about what needs exist. Weve been pleased with how forth coming the government has been about what they want us to do. The signals that theyre most interested in able to detect, for example. But ive also seen in other nations, luxembourg, a great example, where the governments have spent a lot of time directly investing in the companies and building up the industry, taking gambles on some of those companies. In the u. S. Its more the Venture Capital and industrial base. Youve seen with boeing acquiri acquiring millennium and raytheon and hawk eye. For them to take the role almost on behalf of the government to boost these new companies. In general the partnerships are working well. I think things could be done faster and bigger. Faster and bigger. Jt, tina . I would say that you mentioned the partnership with our allies. Data sharing agreements in the geospacial arena. We have countries there are energy sharing, there are Bilateral Agreements and multilateral agreements and various regions are pooling data and allowing the region itself to benefit from the knowledge the individual countries are creating. So that part is looking great. With all of the different systems and im thankful there are Many Companies who are looking at the standards that are out there to be able to create systems and products that will fit into infrastructures and architectures that already exist. The danger in having so many different vendors is that these things will not Work Together and we absolutely need them to be able to Work Together and to be able to ingest in systems that exist now and systems that will exist in the future. So, working well now, i think it will continue to work well, but we have to watch it. Its not guaranteed at that everything will come together if we dont partner and have the conversations and not force everyone to do things in a certain way and just know for people to ingest here, i need this level of understanding of your geolocation, i need this understanding of your resolution that will help us out. So im going to use our commercial that we stood up about two years ago, as the transition of the enhanced contract came over. That really, i will say transitioned to how we were thinking within the nro, quite a bit. Changed, well, before we did things more on our sat arm, our research and Development Arm, that looked at how maybe we could bring things in. We did kind of go all in at that point and really look at how did we use commercial to offset what i need to do with National Test means. Weve done now have done an initial set of different contacts there, looking at full production contracts in a year with commercial. Were trying to understand how we leverage that now over on i think the other piece that we im going to go to something stacy said earlier because i want to emphasize this as much as i love the spacecraft, which is where i spent most of my career, the ground the tc pad, the interoperate operability. Thats something we cant emphasize enough. When you look at the different platforms and things were doing with the air force. The things that the air force is doing, we have to get the ground caught up to all of that. We need to be able to make use of all of this big data thats coming down, and we need to be able to do it in machines, not with humans. We need to move our humans off of being con top of every pixel that comes down and rather, only those things that need a human eye on it. And thats a major shift for all of us, and that is something that we really, really do need our Industrial Partners to help us with. I think the allied partnerships are still very well done and maintained. And then, i think, within the ic. I see us working better with both of our functional managers than ive seen in the past. And a lot of that is driven by whats happening in the commercial markets. All right. This is where i deploy my role in bringing balance to the force here. Everything you just heard, it was all good, it was. It was all about intel from space. Everything every component and every piece of what you heard here on that, has a counterpart in intel force space. How do we understand whats going on in space . How do we harness partnerships with industry and with allies to get better Space Situational Awareness and were using the term now space domain awareness, its bigger than space situation awareness. Frankly in the same i know that spacey and nj struggle with the collation of whats happening in the terrestrial spheres, including in space, its a data problem whats going on in space as well. It turns out space is pretty big. Huge. Only getting bigger in many senses both from a cosmological and realize everything that weve said and the challenges with regard to init he will from space, commercial allies and such have a component in the intel force space arena. Good point. So all of that data out there and you really are trying to leverage as much as you can from all of your partners. Lets talk about the security and integrity of all of that data. As youre trying to deal with just the amount of it, how are you dealing with the security integrity of it and you know, whats at stake if we dont secure that . So data assurance, and blends over obviously into mission assurance, and how do you mitigate the threats. Do you want to go . Industry cant sit here on a panel and say we want to interoperate fully with the u. S. Government without also acknowledging the importance of Cyber Security and taking it seriously. There are absolute threats to space assets, government and commercial, and when youre essentially launching computers into orbit, you know, some of the same stress with your satellites as you have with your home pc or workplace server. So, there are standards in place that can be leveraged be beat both by government commercial. You cant dabble in security, weve been known to say. So, bringing on professionals who are able to implement and enforce policy to protect systems, both on the ground and on orbit is essential to for any element of industry to be considered integral parts of the broader government solutions. Im everyone is very happy to hear that, chris. And thats directly a couple of questions weve had from the audience. I agree. I think that Companies Need to acknowledge that everyones a target for someone wanting your information and being able to come forward and proactively talk about the fact, what youre doing within Cyber Security will help us as a consumer in the capabilities that youre providing. It doesnt take us off the hook. We still also need to do our own checks so im hoping because of the information thats out there. Data collected that were going to have multiple data points to check things against. Thats a simple way, taking a picture of the same place with two cameras and theyre different, then one of them is wrong. An easy way of looking at it. Thats far too simple, but im hoping the amount much data out there is going to help us determine if something is manipulated. We have to be aware at that there are reasons that people not only want to put malware in the system. They want to not let us see whats out there. Thats been there since weve been taking pictures of things and the idea of people manipulating the ideas themselves is a form of something that we have to acknowledge will be happening. Weve seen a lot of it with de deep facial recognition and other technologies and we know that can be done and done really, really well. We cant pretend that thats not a threat and figure out ways to approach it. Great ideas are definitely welcome in this particular environment. I think its only going to get worse frankly. Let me im going to flavor the discussion with a question because i dont have the answer. As weve been looking at standing up the space force as a separate service, one of the question is what cyber professionals need to be a part of that space force, what knowledge, skills, abilities, Core Competencies are needed . We dont have the total answer, its composite. There are a number of answers, one piece we always come back to is security and defense of our network that helps us operate our Space Capabilities. Im fond of saying, cyber and security of best friends forever. We wont have the remote cutting a cutting edge without cyber assurance being a big component of that. Im going to take it different as cyber, as an aircraft developer, supply chain is one of the biggest risk anymore. The amount of things that have gone off shore. The number of things that we used to do in trusted foundries that are no longer available, that is we worry a lot about cyber, we worry about data integrity, but supply chain is one of those things that for us and making sure that the folks that we are counting on have the supply chain they need, and that folks that might used to build batteries thinking theres not a big business anymore are not staying in that business, that very much hurts us from the government perspective, and from that trusted and getting then the commercial folks that we would want in because we want to know that theyve got a trusted supply chain as well. Its a different perspective, but its something that really has, with the space going worldwide, some of those supply chains have not stayed within country or within one of our allied countries and thats one of the things that from the securities perspective we look at very closely. Which is why there is certainly much more of a focus by the department of defense on that. And we heard from Suzanne White and a couple of the other folks yesterday on the various panels that there is a role focus on supply chain and securing the supply chain, so thats certainly a message to our Industry Partners here on where help is needed. Youve mentioned this now a couple of times from different perspectives, first the intel support, too, and know you cyber and what does that look like. So, who is responsible for providing that intelligence to the new Space Command . And is that being developed and how would you assess it at this point . Well, so, i think everybody. Its going to so ill start with the obvious. So, u. S. Talking about the war fighter, u. S. Space command, general raymond, one of his very first initiatives was to make sure we ingrained Space Command with the intel against community and i think its off to a terrific start. And the next is at the center at shriver National Space center. Its a vital component of the center and also of the command rit large. In fact, i think that we now have a j2 and a deputy j2 on station in cargo springs to help with the u. S. Space command, the only complete team we kind of have. Whether the 3 has a complete team and the 2 has a complete team, were getting the other pieces there, thats from a war fighting perspective how that integration is coming together. So thats the war fighting piece. On the development piece, i know general jamieson was here yesterday. I think she had a chance to talk about intel from and for space and about how were growing space professionals. The air force actually really made huge changes in just a couple of years. It used to be our course for intel officers at good fellow that had that, a little bit of space flavoring to it, the space course was only two weeks long and it was space missiles and actually mostly about icbms as recently as two years ago. Under general jamiesons leadership, it ramped up last year to three weeks and mostly focused upon space and as of this year went to five weeks and i think its only going to expand and specialize even further with the standup of a special space force and they have those that grow from Second Lieutenant to senior officer or on the enlisted side from one striper up to chief. Well have that within a space force. Were going to have were starting to grow that and the ramp up has been huge and were going to continue to grow. So do you think we need a National Space Intelligence Agency . I think right now the so i am fond of saying that i think the real some of the best experts that we have in intel for space are at nasic wrightpatterson and every time i go there, im wowed by the things that they understand and are doing. We just need to, i think, scale that up and its mostly foundational and needs to translate into the Operational Intelligence support. So i think for the near to midterm, its going to be at nacic already. In the future its possible theres a National Space intelligence center. You heard that here first. Possible. [laughter] okay. Talk about how you would deal with the threats to our space supremacy. So you it requires its a team effort, right. We have to have capabilities to protect and defend, otherwise, vulnerable capabilities in orbit. You have to have, as i mentioned, the space domain awareness to understand whats going on and it cant be the tempo that operates at the speed of war and you have to be able to command and control the entire enterprise in a team and collective fashion. You know, when space when we were able to treat space as benign domain for a fairly brief period in our overall history i think is what wed point to, you could operate independently, gps could operate completely independent from Missile Warning and the only overlap would be just kind of basically efficiency of operation. We cant do that anymore. It has to be part of the complete integrated enterprise to protect everything we have in space and thats for part of that team. So, i think that thats what were really focusing on. How do we do this from an enterprise and a command and control perspective that weve never had to do before. How do we integrate those operations and by the way, its not just in the space domain, right . It has to inform whats happening in the terrestrial doe mains and Combatant Commanders as well. Were trying to put those in the right order and get the right answer. And join those that have been doing, continue to develop the tt ps that we need in order to work that problem set. I think that the nsd is a critical portion of us getting in line to be able to have those sessions how those work. I think in this area is probably the closest ive seen the air force and nro Work Together. Really regularing out what is each others roles. How we Work Together. What things we take the lead on, what things they take the lead on. In either case whether its a leader or follower, were working together. Were not working at odds with each other. Its actually been a collaborative environment for us and i think thats critical to being able to stay ahead of the threat. Absolutely critical. And as a citizen, thats exactly what we want to hear. The threats that originate from the ground and nga has a role in keeping an eye on those things and when they impact space. Definitely a Critical Partnership with everyone. Okay. Lets shift back to some more focus on the commercial side of things. Private sectors investigating billions, when it comes to what theyre doing in Space Capabilities. Again, as ive said, from launch all the way through. And on the leading edge. How does this affect our National Security Space Capabilities . And what i mean by that is will all of the talent and resources go not all, but predominant, are we seeing it shift, talent and resources going to profitmaking activities versus National Security . Yeah, so, thats a great question. I dont think its a zero sum game where the top talent has to choose between government or private sector. The winwin is when we bolster the talent base by getting people excited about space and i think were doing a great job of providing exciting opportunities that have new folks joining the work force, considering space, a, opportunity or the best opportunity to do something exciting. If i go to hawk eye employees and ask them what motivates them to come to work, they talk about having a purpose within a welldefined mission, first and foremost. And then they want to work with great people and work with exciting new technology. Nothing i listed there is inherently industry, right . Everything there is available in governments and industry and when governments and industry Work Together to produce exciting things, that bolsters the work force that we both get to enjoy. Gets back to that partnering. So im going to go from my other hat that i wear, which is the lead for nro. Nro never had a work force until now three and a half years ago, and so we are now, we always borrowed our work force with i is great for us. You bring people in and get new ideas in. And as of about two and a half years ago, we stood up to the cadre and had the presence at the nro and the folks that stay there and we started going out and doing recruitment and other things, and we do find, again, i go back to because of the commercial, young people are really excited about space again and when we go to these recruitment activities, there are a lot of folks that are very interested in getting into the government side in space and its really, its that combination and i think the other piece that we all have to recognize is this generation is very different than when we grew up. Where we want to go somewhere, nro since 1993, doesnt ebb and flo he both in and out of industry and government. And we need to be ready for that and how do we work that so its good for their career and good for us. I mean, thats something that is a different model for us, but its a reality in the model we now have to live in. Ive been encouraged. We had 300 interns this year between our various sites and the number of young people excited about Intelligence Community challenges, who come back multiple summers because we get them hooked on working on a really cool problem and theyre like next summer im going to do this and next summer im going to do this and they convert to government. So there are some people who work in Government Mission and sacrifice the potential more money they could make somewhere else for the opportunity. I agree with tina, the future is more in and out and i think its going to benefit industry and government. Im excited about that, but its a different model than weve work with. How do you bring them in and the types of speed as a Government Employee growing up and allow them to be successful and value the experiences which theyve had which are different than some of their colleagues. It will take attention, but the opportunity there is great. And you hit on it, stacy, how you enable folks to move back and forth and certainly, the mission is the draw from those in uniform, to government service, to private industry. And ng has a program that you deploy some of your folks into industry as wellments we do. I hope to see that expand Going Forward. Its a hardfought opportunity to get. And we wont talk about the security clearance issue here. [laughter] thats something you want to add. Observation and thought experience. Observation not really new, we face this tension in the air force between hiring of the airlines and retaining personnel, that weve seen hugely in the Cyber Community already. And i do think, i agree with everything said here weve got to find ways to incentivize to move back and forth and to share. An experiment id throw up to you, and this is just imagine you get a call from the pentagon that says we want you to be the head of recruiting for the space force. Are you optimistic about that job or pessimistic . I think i would be optimistic. I think that there are ways that and i think tina was alluding to that are that the younger folks would be excited about that. Ways to tap into, hey, there are opportunities in commercial, but there are opportunities in the space force to do things no one has ever done before and to find new cutting edge things in space. Thats a fun job to have. Im not trying to poll particular for it, by the way. If you agree with me that that probably would be a fun job to have. I think thats optimistic about the talent we could bring in on the space side in the government in the future. So, are you actually laying the groundwork to transition to a space force . And are you ready if Congress Passes this in a couple of weeks . So we have 20 minutes left. [laughter] the so we have definitely been on the air force side been doing some initial planning, assuming there would be a space force, why wouldnt we be . Were pretty sure its coming we just dont know how aggressive that language is going to be in terms of time line and scope, but its coming so weve been laying out the groundwork, laying out the problems, what does this mean . How do you attract a space force . I think that everybody is tracking it appears that if we have a space force it will be within the department of the air force much as the marine corps is in the department of the navy, it will start that way. The logical questions, if you had to white board it out, if you stand up a space force, what part of the broader air force does it leverage, rely on, what does it have to have in its own right thats independent and what does that look like . Really, ive been trying to layout the problems and analysis to answer those questions. Recruiting is one of those, you wouldnt want to recruit for a space force. My own inclinations, we can go across the services in the nation, but i think thered be enough interest in the space force and people who are comfortable with virtual recruitment, i think thats probably something we could do. Frankly i think we could probably follow a model from our sister space agencies that are represented here as well as nasa in that regard. And a great question from the audience, will a purported Space National guard be able to draw on private sector, private sector space expertise effectively . I do not see why we would not do that. That is the perfect vehicle to be doing that. General hyten, Strategic Command tells an interesting story, if i get the details right, dont quote me quoting the general. He was going to Silicon Valley to visit one of the companies there or a military facility near one of those and an airman pulls up in a pretty expensive car, airman, how do you afford a car like that . Im a reservist i actually work for google. My normal job, but im a reservist because i want to be a part of this and thats like the best example i can answer what you said. I absolutely, we would leverage that and that would be an advantage of the space guard, if there were a space guard. Great. And really good questions from the audience, so please keep them coming. Ill put mine aside, these are better. Here is a question about foreign sale. If the u. S. Government wants to maintain u. S. Space leadership, what are the nro, air force and ic in general doing to enable u. S. Private sector Space Companies to market and sell their capabilities to foreign partners and customers . Foreign sales are critical to maintaining u. S. Space companys competitive neness. And jay has a piece of this and chris, im sure you have a perspective. So hawk eyes entered uncharted territory for the product were delivering to our customers, we are absolutely engaging with the right people in commerce that were able to make the decisions when working with international customers. Weve worked to enjoy a permissive Regulatory Environment that works for us and for the u. S. Government. We are also first and foremost patriots and are ensuring that as we think about the product that were delivering that we have the nations Operational Security in mind first and foremost. Now that said, that wouldnt be the case with every member of industry so i think there needs to be consideration for how International Sales are managed and we stand by the support. And i think at the end of the day we dont want to disadvantage u. S. Industry. Right. Obviously, there are security concerns, but we dont want to disadvantage u. S. Industry. Agreed. If foreign capabilities you dont want to you want to be able to sell anything they can already get from others in their own countries or in other countries. The request he the question is how much better of a capability would you want them to be able to buy from a u. S. Company than they can get on their own. I dont think any Company Wants to be the one whose image is used against u. S. Forces somewhere else. So it really is a balance of regulatory sort of policy. We dont always get it right and sometimes were a little bit slow. We dont want to disadvantage americans companies, certainly true. So theres a lot of dialog to kind of figure out what is the right spot because the capabilities are changing so frequently, making sure were always reviewing what restrictions we put in place and keeping up where technology is. So speaking of changing capabilities, much of the commercial mission has been associated with mapping foundation data. With the new source ins analytic capabilities availability, do this is not just for you st stacey, are there new suspicions to take on and if so, what may they be and partner we have a program called terraline which allows us to of academia, industry, partner on what are i would say are intelligence problems, ones where theres so much commercial Information Available it doesnt make sense as nga as an Intelligence Agency to focus on. A couple of examples, north korea, their coal industry, and i think so in the arctic. There are things in the world we can leverage others, buying Product Services and analysis and not have to do it on our own bus theres so much Information Available and the capabilities that the industry are what we need. And ill go back to our commercial that we stood up, the purpose of that is to understand commercial geo, and what we need to do in ntm. Looking at what is the capability. What can they bring to bear and how do we integrate that within the Greater Mission rather than it being something thats just done for mapping. So thats a big part of what theyre looking at in the initial study phase going into the missile production phase. And it really is about how do we use them to help us form our worldwide picture for intelligen intelligence. I think ill reference an example of that weve seen in the last decade thats been impressive thats escaped a lot of attention and that is the commercial satcom providers have amped up the game. It isnt simple transponder operations anymore. Satcoms have various bandwidth needs and as theyve managed the Huge Networks theyve developed awareness that really weve been able, from the government side, weve been kind of lagging. Understanding where need is, where potential unintentional interference is coming from, to geo locate that, to get that from the equation, these are things we want to doen 0 do that on the government side and whats leveraging that same thing. So perhaps launch. Theres a lot of capability that is being delivered today, being thought of, being developed, and is launch really keeping up and who should take launch to the next level . Should it be the private sector . Will it be the private sector . Should it be the department of defense . Should the Intelligence Community be pushing towards that . Any thoughts there . I think its a mixture of both. Now, basically, we still very much for our named missions, rely on the air force to basically develop those and make sure its meeting our very stringent requirements, however, we also went off and did, lets call it refer to it as a tiny rocket contract a few years ago which allows us to go directly to commercial for some of those things that are not pass the type of system and i think a lot of that work has been pushed by the commercial companies wanting things in that price point and i think government should figure out when and how they can make use of that because we dont always have a class a system that ive got to have, the mo most stringent requirements. I have the variety and lets look at the variety to get into space. I think that the launching industry is probably the best of driving commercial for a number of these launch providers. You can go up there and print a list of 150 companies that claim mostly on power point that theyre going to be launching rockets over the next few years. Ive had the privilege of visiting a dozen or so of these new launch providers and seeing what theyre building and its Real Technology built on a business plan, mostly for supporting supporting commercial launches and the new commercial constellations. What theyre offering in this, you know, smaller class vehicle is responsiveness and the ability to choose the orbit youre getting into, which not only have commercial application, but is absolutely useful for Responsive Space for the government. So, i think anyone who has followed the launch discussion, from a National Security attention. Theres making sure that were incentivizing innovation and a new way of doing business. One of general raymonds big pushing over the past year is revisioning the launch, the large launch facilities, space port of the future is what we have and been calling it to make sure its keeping up with demand as well as capability set and not being a rell of how we did things before. And also say continuing dialog within industry is important. Next week ill be chairing in Colorado Springs our twice a year consolidated launch schedule review board where we sit down the launches that are going to happen the next two to three years and industry attends those and we talk through, okay, how does this work . What are your demands . How are you seeing the schedule . How can we change the way we do operations . So continuing dialog is important. Yesterday, we heard a fair amount about artificial intelligence, whether its Machine Learning, deep learning, or you know, really getting all the way to full encompassing uses of artificial intelligence. Can each of you talk about how youre incorporating ai, where youve seen strides made already, what are some of the implications from a technology standpoint, from your work force and training standpoint, and where do you need help . Jump ball. So weve got things all the way from our Research Group and as and t just looking at what is the art of the possible. How can i change . I keep talking big data because that is really what we now have with all of these sensors in space. So theyre looking at always what they are to the possible, to then our Ground Division really looking at how do we implement today the more than Machine Learning and the big ai, the true ai of the longterm and we are seeing a lot of places that we can start taking a human out of the loop. They may still be on the loop, but not have to be the you know, every decision going through a human because of that Machine Learning and were looking to face and again, back in our research branch, what do i actually put in the vehicle, also, not just on the ground. So were looking at it big, big push on the ground side, obviously, but its all the way up into space. How do you take advantage of that and its everything from whats that next cutting edge piece to whats available today, and ill say probably one of the biggest things for us is that change in the work force again. So going from, you know, our primary folks that we would hire being engineers, and because its all about building a spacecraft and some software, now its about folks that know how to do that, but to do it for space. And thats a different skillset than weve had to build before and thats one of the things that we very much need industry to help us with, too, because our historical Industrial Partners are not necessarily the ones that have that baseline. Some of them do and some are growing it and some as chris mentioned are doing investments in other companies, and growing that in. Thats a big area that really changes who were looking to and how we need to look to, both for what were going to hire internally, but who were going to contract with. And tinas experience is completely mirrored on the industry side. We talk a lot about space, we talk a lot about our satellite at its core. Half of our company is made up of Software Developers either working single processing or Machine Learning because ultimately as weve heard loud and clear we dont need more data, we need more information. So i think commercially to offer Machine Learning is something inherently unclassified. Its commercial, its shareable, but it is the Machine Learning on the commercial side as well that enables the delivery of that information. And stacey, where is nga in reading out nothing has changed . An analyst doing that versus the machine doing that so that your folks can really spend their time in what ill call that upper right quadrant of searching for the unknown unknown. Right, so we call it the aaa, so aai automation, augmentation. How do you take the people out of the loop and offer processes that are going to be thinking through. What is my intelligence question. If i see this, then i want to look for this. Automating things automatically and getting us to a result, speed up that process. From the perspective of really getting to ai, Machine Learning is theres a lot of potential with nga, theres a ton of data. Data collected for entirely different purposes, not conditioned to be used right now and thrown into an algorithm to search for the unknown unknowns. So we have a decision to make how much time going backward to condition the date that we have to go forward and predict things versus making sure all the data were getting now and Going Forward have ai. Were trying to find that balance. I see promise moving just beyond the known behaviors at a known location. I think thats the easiest thing we can do right now, theres a lot of automation there. Getting to the point were not sure whats happening or where its happening, it will be a progression and Machine Learning helps us get in that direction. Weve got some work to do and skill sets we need to bring in on the data architect side. In addition to those who understand learning. We make some strides there and in data science and software development, but there are pieces of the puzzle that arent quite yet in place that enable us to then move forward. A couple so, first an observation, i think probably some of the most impressive robots that we have ever built have been in the interplanetary explorers, its not easy to land a rover on mars and then have to operate in mostly autonomous mode. Thats kind of the past and thats interesting to look at that. When the space force stands up, its going to be around for a long time and its ultimate destiny is going to be providing security and projecting power for increasingly vast distances from geo synchronous to lunar and beyond. All the means aside with fighters and everything, were probably not doing that with humans in space anytime soon. Its going to be done the way weve seen our exploration, its going to be done with machines and its going to be done, you know, at the speed of war. When you put all of those, again, terms together in the equation, i cant get to a solution that tells me that has to be done by cutting edge autonomy, intelligence and Machine Learning. So, again, space and cyber space, artificial intelligence, best friends forever. I think thats something well be pursuing and at the cutting edge for years to come. I think so as well. There have been a number of questions on agile acquisitions, why would industry continue to work with the government, all of the red tape, et cetera, et cetera. Let me try and boil it down. Chris, what are commercial industries biggest hurdles, red tape, et cetera, when dealing with the u. S. Government . Thats your question. For the rest of the panel, what are your agencies doing and give me a couple of specifics, what are you doing to make it easier for commercial industry to work with you so that everyone is more effective in providing what the war fighter needs . Sure. So first and foremost, if a Company Wants to play with the u. S. Government they have to be sensitive to the fiscal time hines, ensuring that we are not an afterthought from a budget perspective, lest we get left behind through the budget cycles, those things are planned multiple years in advance. Beyond that, as a Small Company some of the things we believe we play well in, are nearly impossible for us to prime or submit responses to given the level of effort associated with even putting together the documentation required for consideration, to that end we find partners, we find big brothers to bring us an i lo n to bring us along for those opportunities. Are other transactional authorities being used and are they helping, ota mechanisms . Were looking at some of those opportunities and theyre absolutely more promising than traditional techniques. Ill leave it at that. I kind of interrupted you, anything else . No, i think thats good. Youre definitely looking what authorities we have such as otas used more readily, broad announcements that we havent used to make it easier for industry to interact with us. Theyre not as fast as people want us to go. But we look at our agency as well as the commission, but dni and acquisitional agility. More patience, were trying to change. I would say be open to suggestions from your Industry Partners. Absolutely. So, im going to jump on the so we are trying to use more of the baas quite a bit more than we used to. It used to be just our research and Development Arm that would use those, were looking at how we can use those more in what ill say the big rather than always just being for research and development that we can get out easier that way. We are looking at what things we can take advantage of from the ota, but also from some of the changes that theyve done within the dni, for doing basically rds, what theyre called, basically much shorter timelines, have much quicker authorities to get through so were looking at what are those things that are already out there that we can take a hold of and also understanding where the stumbling blocks still remain so we can bring those up as well. Very much, yes, its still going to have red tape. Were trying to figure out what red tape we can get rid of or make sure its not such a big hurdle. Ill just quickly mention two things that were doing so that lieutenant general, jt thompson at the space and Missile Center has. Hes really tried to reorient how s and c brings in nontraditional Industry Partners and he started something, most many of you are probably familiar with the Space Enterprise consortium, that i think has now exceeded 200 Companies Involved and centered on the ota mechanism to award contracts quickly and kickstart efforts. Ill mention that the air force has been doing a number of what we call pitch days, trying to bring in, again, innovative Small Companies to answer air force needs. There is a space centered air force pitch day planned for the f first week of november in San Francisco and were looking forward to what comes of those students. I think theres excitement building around those. I think were out of oh, big stop sign, were out of time. Thank you all so much. Thanks for really actually answering the questions, and a big thanks to the audience for all the questions that youve forwarded. Big round of applause. [applaus [applause] so im asking to ask our panel to hold on just a second here, weve got a couple of things and you all can get your final questions to them. Thanks again to tisch and all of our panelists for a truly outstanding discussion. One more round of applause for them. [applaus [applause]. Were now going to take a 30minute networking break, but i wanted to mention to you Something Special here, there was really a lot of energy in the exhibit hall yesterday and i know tish and i and bob and ray and bob shea spent a lot of time Walking Around to the exhibits and were getting a lot of positive feedback from folks about the interaction they were having with you, that reflects the innovative ideas our industry and academic partners bring to the National Security mission. A number of exhibitors have reupped for next years summit. If your company would like to secure your spot visit the 2020 space selection desk in the exhibit hall, in the maryland foy. Enjoy the networking break. Remember, the Breakout Sessions begin promptly at 10 20 a. M. Enjoy the break. [applaus [applause]. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] this intelligence and National Security conference taking a break at the National Harbor in maryland. More live coverage coming up later today at 12 30 eastern when we bring you a discussion on defending cyber space. This moderated by New York Times reporter david sanger. Well hear from senior military leaders, law enforcement, and Homeland Security officials again at 12 30. Later a conversation on strategic threats and National Collection priorities. This coming saturday well have coverage. New Hampshire Democratic Party Convention all of the 2020 democratic president ial candidates are expected to be there. You can watch it live from manchester beginning at 9 a. M. Eastern on cspan and also follow our coverage online at cspan. Org or listen with the free cspan radio app. This weekend on American History tv, saturday at 8 p. M. On lectures in history. The California Gold rush and the environment at 10 00 on real america, the 1977 film on italian newspaper journalist marino demenicci. And the u. S. Policy toward iran and iran as Nuclear Program and historian talks about are we there yet. The american past, present and driverless. Explore history every weekend on cspan 3. This is the story of how this whole new economy was built and how ive always been really interested, ever since i was working in washington in how business and government interact with one another. They have an antagonistic relationship and and the history of america is publicprivate partnerships in many ways that sometimes are unseen and i think this story is a really great way to get into that. University of washington history professor Margaret Omara discusses her book, the cove, Silicon Valley and remaking of america, sunday night at 8 00 eastern on cspans q a. What is your vision in 2020 . Theyre asking what issue to you most want to see the president ial candidates address during the campaign . Student cam is cspans documentary competition for high school student. With 1 cash prizes at stake, including a 5,000 grand prize. Students are asked to produce a short video documentary, include cspan video and reflect differing points of view. Information to help you get started is on our website. Student cam. Org. And now, political observers give their assessment of the