Thank you for coming in joining us for the third and final Panel Discussion. For those joining us im executive director here at georgetown and cannot be more thrilled to be organizing the clinton 25 symposium. Weve heard Panel Discussions on 92 campaign bill clintons vision of america. His vision for the world. If you spend time in the campus you know how important the jesuit ideal of services and being men and women for others. This panel will look at that. I was a sophomore in the school of Foreign Service in 1991 when bill clinton came to georgetown to deliver his series of new covenant speeches as part of the president ial campaign. It inspired me. Georgetown was an electric place. Given the College Republicans still thought it was pretty cool to have him at the top of the ticket. As we get to the conversation without will give you a glimpse into life at georgetown during the 1992 campaign. Singh. In 1990, georgetown was a vibrant place to be because of the uncertainty and new world order everyone was talking about. The cold war had just come to an end in 1989. The wall fell in the International System is going through a change. There were wondering if there be jobs for us if we when we graduated. My freshman year was in the middle of the gulf war. I remember have my classmates and i register for the selective service. In the midst comes the young politician, a man out of arkansas. Most in portland, son of georgetown. Bill clintons candidacy step in as a cool thing, but eventually electrified the campus. In the fall of 91 i was the managing editor and we got word the governor of a state was going to come and give a speech. It turns out it was the governor of arkansas. His name was bill clinton. We simply have to go beyond the commit competing ideas of the old establishment. I sat there in that speech he delivered and i was amazed. I believe the only way we can hold the country together and move into the future is to do it together. There was a generational disconnect. I think there is a hunger for change. That and get picked up by the professional political class. But bill clinton picked up on that. Government clinton at the time headache energy and hope that things could be different. The tshirt said clinton came from georgetown. That was how we felt. Because he was a son of georgetown and educated in the School Foreign service, georgetown owned him. The idea that he could be elected got very excited. Think you sell out more involvement in the 1992 campaign because of that. Good evening. Governor bill clinton hopes for a big win. Welcome to the beginning of our coverage of the 92 vote. Collection a, 1992 change my life. There to watch parties that night. Republicans with very proper affair. College democrats was just around the corner in the campus pub. Were watching the election returns. 40 43 . Theres always a degree of anxiousness. It was getting close and we saw him break away with some states and when they called it, the place erupted. Together we can make the country we love everything it was meant to be. I still believe in a place called home. The energy, the excitement, tears of joy, people jumping up and down. That you thin energy, is what inspires so many of us. Bill clinton made politics real for me. Georgetown has always had a sense of mission that an education here could lead to an opportunity to make a difference. In some ways the steps ive taken professionally ive been fascinated with this guy who came to give that first covenant speech. [applause] i feel like it was just yesterday. For those of you have been here, i have to do some housekeeping again. It is recognize that not everyone mays share the same views as the speakers, its expected everyone respect the right of the speakers in the organizing group. At the conclusion of be a questionandanswer session you may ask questions. Please be sure to praise your comments in the form of a question. We ask each be concise and ask only one question. And only students participate in the q a. As we said, bill clinton spoke to me as a student and helped inspire people and had an idea of what National Service met. You for this theme be tied and over and over. For the final Panel Discussion we wanted to bring in some who knew about his style of leadership in his approach to service and how he tried to inspire all americans to National Service in whatever form that took. To introduce our panelist i have right up catherine, second year student whos from california. Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us the clinton 25 summit and for panel today. My name is catherine lyons, second year student at georgetown. I got involved in the institute for politics and Public Service my first semester. Ive had the opportunity to work with them from practitioners, journalist and policymakers. As a future policymakers, the experiences with both politics has been valuable in cultivating my leadership skills in teaching me whats required to lead successfully in the public eye. Stable here about the vision from Interesting Group of panelist who are leaders in the Clinton White house. John podesta served as white house chief of staff from 98 until 2001. He helped carry out the final policy agenda items. Former chair of the washington d. C. Base americans for progress. He served as cochair of obamas Transition Team and counselor. His duties included overseeing Climate Change and energy policy. Most recently he was chair of hillary for america. In 1993 is brought to the white house to serve as deputy chief of staff and later as chief of staff. He served as a member of the president s cabinet in the National Economic council. Working with congress you negotiated the first balancedbudget in a generation. 2010 he has to cochair with simpson. They produced a plan to reduce the deficit by 4 trillion over the next decade. That has been Close Friends with former president clinton since kindergarten and served as clintons white house chief of staff from 93 94. He helped to a deficit package on the landmark welfare reform legislation. This counselor took president clinton he advised was host of domestic issues. And judy will be a moderator for the discussion. The faculty advisor to the baker center a professor and former dean a Renowned Health policy expert conducting research she served as sensible deputy secretary at the department of health and Human Services in clintons first term. Today we encourage you to engage in social media with the , clinton 25. Entree clinton 25. [applause] thank you catherine. Good afternoon its a pleasure to be with all of you this afternoon. There are many who have been here all day. Weve had two fabulous panels. He said were supposed to tie a bow on it all. So will tie that but because rest to talk about the president s vision of leadership in Public Service. That applies throughout the administration and beyond. And we know the president s commitment to leadership did not start with the white house. I thought well start with you. We know before bill clinton entered the white house he was governor of arkansas and the leader among the nations governor. He took that experience with him when he entered the white house from arkansas. See your with him clearly from the beginning. I dont know what he ran for in kindergarten but im sure there something. What can you tell us about the goals and expectations that president clinton brought to his new job. First wall street to be here on the georgetown campus on this 25 year reunion. Her older son mark is a hoyer. Feels like a homecoming in that regard as well. I think it is fair to say that that all roads lead to hope although i like to say that. I believe at the beginning of president clintons feeling for the belief in Public Service did begin and a very early age when his mother and father to his father had been killed tragically before he was born. He spent many hours in his grandfather store which would lower income people who are working hard to make ends meet. He saw that firsthand and he saw his grandparents leading to them. That goes to how he related to others wonderful activity. From that time he got a great education history talks about his teachers and mentors there. He came to georgetown clearly his time here was formative, critically important. And then on to oxford and neil and governor of arkansas for over a decade. I think that shaped his views and values about Public Service and relating to people in a personal way. He worked hard to broaden that. I think his tenure as governor give him insight into governing and getting things done. Lame followup. When he came to the white house washington is not leveled off. He had to develop his agenda and proceed. How did he approach by putting his Administration Government together. Washington is not little rock. In so many ways. That he had worked here for fulbright, and i think that helped shape his views of the world. But john certainly remembers he was following the republicans held the white house for 12 years. Those a big change in terms of not only getting the government to change in direction for the country. He has only got 43 of the vote with a thirdparty candidate getting 19 . We were able to get our cabinet in place all confirmed save one, the day after the in our girl. The president really worked such an engaged way with his cabinet. That was a great strength. They think he had as he outlined in his speeches a vision of what he wanted to do as president. He put that vision forward. It was undercount of the themes of putting people first which go back to my earlier comments. It was under the themes of opportunity and a sense of community. And engagement in the world but to do that you had to be strong at home which meant balancing the budget. The first economic plan help put in place. I dont think we really knew that the federal budget could be balance. Im not sure we could accomplish that. I think without vision and without a plan was just falling. Governor clinton is a candidate president clinton had a plan to put in place simply to get things done as president , the first democratic president reelected since roosevelt. Start thinking about putting people first one of the early things he did was raise taxes. And rich people. Only ten rich people. Let me make one quick comment. Because i have much to adhere but the truth is, and john youll remember it well, before first Cabinet Meeting at the Governors Mansion directly had understood in the campaign, a really altered some of his campaign discussions but he did it in a responsible and courageous way and it worked out well for those 22 million jobs. In a response earlier questions i was in the room when they had to tell him he was wrong. Then students thinking about that balancing the budget, you very much involved in getting up through. Is a balanced budget act of 97 and very much a move across the aisle and an interesting story on by itself without to hear from your perspective what approach to leadership to that entail and how did he get that done . This is amazing. Judy call me and told me the question shoes going to ask me. It was great because i told her i couldnt remember what happened 25 minutes ago. I said im getting go make some notes so i can drop something. I think before we turn to the budget for me, working with these guys with madeleine and the team that was here, it was a highlight of my life. As young guy from North Carolina never had any dream to be involved in the world of washington. President clinton gave me that chance for Public Service. What i loved about president clinton i always knew what his true north was. I knew what he believed in. I knew it he would fight for. And he always told us he would fight for this or that to the last dog died. I knew matt knew it is talking about but i dont think podesta did. And he would only compromise with a compromise would not infringe upon his priorities. Those priorities were easy to see, i remember when i when i came to see mac and so what you want me to do and he handed me this blue book that said putting people first. He said read this and youll know exactly what he wants you to do. That was his bible. Thats what he believed in. When i took the job in the white house, got to see it firsthand. I cannot count the number of days he would come over after we had gotten ready to go to work would have these clips torn out from newspapers. He would write a note and saidmichael fix this. What i loved is to be a young person from canad kansas or neba who had a problem. That person would never know the president or country cared enough about the to worry and want to fix their problem. Thats what he did. Eyes felt thats why he loved the Americorps Program so much but she too played such a big part in. He used to say the Americorps Program was a 24. The low and moderate income kids can get resources they need to get a College Education than they can compete and win in a knowledgebased global economy. But after they graduate, they get to do two years of Community Service will be able to pay that debt back but will also find the love he had for Public Service for the rest of us lives. Because he felt Public Service was contagious. And others probably million kids whove gone through that program who want to continue to do Public Service. John thinking even not even thinking about it from your perspective. I think it its what centered the administration. He knew he was fighting for, he knew the people he wanted to help. Through thick and thin when times are good and bad all he cared about was, could he deliver for the people who needed the government to be on their side. In some ways it was vision without a plan. You needed a plan. In my case and i remember he looked at that plan every year and people would make fun of him because he talked to long in the press would go how long is it going to be this year, 55 minutes, but he thought that was both the operating angle for the Administration Promises he was making to the American People in his chance to talk on filter to the pill to the public. No mediated interference, you tell them what they thought the state of the country in the world was, why he was proposing to what he was proposing and how he would get it done. It was our job to execute that. I think that even a very difficult days there is never any question because he made a reference that people look at when he said long after the rest of us got into the office, we would start in round 6 37 oclock he would stay up late and sleep in a little bit in the morning. So when he got in he knew exactly what he wanted to do and what he was trying to take care and demanded thats what his staff needed to Pay Attention to. And one of the achievements is the balancing of the budget. Tell us about that. Was the first adult hamster ever met in my life. He would call me at 230 in the morning and said what are you doing . The good thing i learned is for just let them talk hereinafter noise sleep in. But as it relates to the budget left the president was a fighter. He would fight to the last dog died. He was willing, which very few public figures ive met before sense, he was willing to do the tough things you have to do to end up with the principal compromise. The republicans shut down the government not once, but twice and 95, when president clinton would not go along with the severe cuts in medicare, medicaid, social security, education, and the environment. He wouldnt do it. When they came forward and said we will block grant medicaid, he said over my dead body. If i lose we are not cannot block grant, the republicans thought he would cave. He thought he would give in. And when he didnt, they found out they were dealing with the guy who had a real backgroun ba. A guy who would fight for what he believes. I think it was that strength that he exhibited in 1995 that was the power that we had to negotiate a balanced budget 97. The republicans understood they were dealing with a guy who had a backbone, a guy who is tough, but not unreasonable. A guy who would negotiate the never compromise his principles. People think he was proud of balancing the budget, he was, but what he was proud of was how he balance the budget. His proud we are able to put our nations fiscal house in order that what was important was well we did that, we protected our values. That we did the balancedbudget in the right way. The me give you some examples. In that balance budget the president got additional funding for a new Child Tax Credit to help the people who needed it to recirculate. We get the funding back for the scholarship tax credit so low and moderate income kids could afford to go to college. We got expansion of earned income tax credit in an unusual way, by stacking it on top of the Child Tax Credit. Additional funding for training so people could transition from welfare to work, and we cured some of the biggest flaws, but the thing he was most proud of this he was able to get funding for new entitlement, creating the Childrens HealthCare Insurance program where he got healthCare Insurance for 5 million poor kids. Which it kids who did not have healthCare Insurance from over 14 and a half to 5 . When john and i walked in the office and told him we had a deal, he looked at me and listened, we told them what we got. But when we told him we got that healthCare Insurance for 5 million poor kids, never seen a guy light up so much. Thats why he ran. That was his true north. He got on the phone and call mrs. Clinton. Without the roof was gimmicky cave in. Is a sacred it came after some tough times. And when he will drop from their able to work across the aisle and get that. But thats only because he showed strength in those shutdowns. That they had the respect for him and he would stand firm. So moving on toward the end of the administration there were tough times. There i think you said that it was probably with the exception of the shutdown probably the greatest antagonism between the party. Toward the end of the administration its a tough time to muster some enthusiasm and get the job done. How did you do that . Hell recognize that time for 9899 and the truth is, the republicans on capitol hill who had won majorities and 94 and the election as a result of the first budget, but they won majorities in both houses of congress were operating a more Hostile Congress made more hostile that they could talk them out of office. The politics and personal destruction began earlier. So Newt Gingrich got the leadership among the house republicans. He knocked off jim wright and his whole thing was that to make it personal, go after the president , use a guy named kim start. But during that time coming back to what was said to put on a happy side talk when there were some tough times and some strong fights with the republicans at the time. I think Nelson Mandela said some to the president once. They became great friends but, the president tried to understand how mandela could not have been filled with hate. Having spent 27 years in the present. And he said, if i hated them, they would still control me. The only way to be free is to let that go. Oddly, the president wasnt happy every day. I think it was stretched just get stuff done. Now remember the last meeting we had three guard to the Republican Leadership in 1998 in the middle starr report at the hill campaigns are being waged was the first time this happened since 1822 in the wig Party Collapse in the republican reaction was to talk to gingrich but they proceeded under leadership. We got ourselves a new speaker and the ball bounced around a little bit and then denny hester. Then one of the things the president wanted to do was that the economy was warring people at the bottom were doing really well the poor people are finally seeing wages go up. At a faster rate than the rest of the economy. Low unemployment and things were good. Places were still left out. Inner cities, Rural America indian reservations the president went on a trip to chicago with jesse jackson. They looked at places that were bombed out they said we have to target some investment to these communities. A year goes by, the election happens. The congress cannot get work done and had a continuing resolution putting the budget off till december. The election happens, dole wins the popular vote but loses the presidency by this up 5 1 vote of the supreme court. We are all in the oval office, slick, lets just get out of here. Everybody is frayed. Its the week after bush versus gores decided. Everybody gets up out of the chair and puts his hand on his shoulder puts it back down and says, denny, remember when we went to chicago with jesse new and i both agreed we need to make those investments. What are we just get that 30 billion in this bill and dashiell piped up and said thats good with me and they sam fine with that. And everybody turns, he no more wanted to do that than i dont know what. But he finally realized, im not getting out of here and get none to christmas unless they get the 30 billion in this new Market Initiative to go to for places in this country. Talk about keeping your eye on the ball. Lets open the floor to questions. Go ahead. My questions, which congress to think its harder to govern under . Newt gingrich under his strict leadership that was tried to press clinton policy or the curtain line congress that he can control nor the democrats can control. This unified opposition easier than a unified opposition . I think you make a good point. We had a democratic majority when clinton was elected in both the house and senate and then a traumatic change as we spoke about with the contract for america with Newt Gingrich. It cuts both ways. When youre in the majority you dont have is natural opportunity are dynamic to push back against the show contrast and what your plans are as you do when you have a majority. It helps in that sense to contrast to he has some bipartisanship. But todays opportunity quite different thinking back president donald had a vision but a plan to transition the campaign to and was able to do that. Again, i think youre seeing a president with a majority in both houses of his own party unable to get anything done. Thats partly now the structure particularly of the way that tea party which goat rose up in the wake of president obamas success in his first term and it has taken over and created a poll to the right in the house of representatives. The thing i think is true about whats going on with trump as president is that he thrives in creating more cleavage and splitting his own party and capitol hill. As a result he hasnt gotten anything done. Im kinda glad because i think his principles desire was to take healthcare way from 22 or 23 million people. But its an odd way of operating to basically work in the cleavage of the party. In the net result is that he disempower congressional leadership. They have a harder time delivering the votes for what he wants to do. Well see what happens with the text care bill. Cutting taxes for corporations and wealthy people is the one thing that unifies the entire republican base. Well see if hes able to finish his way through that. He must be a challenge to them. They clearly have leadership problems in the house. They brought the more rights in the more centerright links together. When they wanted to do something they produce the goods to do it. Theyre having more trouble in this context now. Somebody asked me one time how do we balance this budget. And i said we had great leadership. Does take leadership in a real plan and somebody willing to stick to their principles. But i had to spend months and months locked up in Conference Rooms with Newt Gingrich and you me a lot for that. [laughter] but thats way bill clinton was. He was like a dog on bone. He was going to stay at it till we won. My job was to build that up there is a lack of trust. We tested each other to see what the other would give. Our plan was to balance the budget balance it in a way that reflected our values. To do that we had to play the long game. We had to have the vision we had to be willing to work at it day in and day out for months. Over that time we did build up enough trust we did find the common ground. It was able to control his caucus. He got some things, we got some things but we got some things that we believe are really important for the country. What parts of bill clintons vision and plan is the Democratic Party pursuing today . What part has the Democratic Party discarded . Its a different time and place. The 25th anniversary. You have a different world and set a dynamics problems in the world, this change in an accelerated manner you can feel the tectonic plates of history shifting. I think some principle or themes and tenants that are very much the same. You have to govern. The dysfunctionality here in washington, you dont see that so much of the state local level. Government is to serve the people of this country, i dont think you can get away from fiscal responsibility. Was secretary albright, to lead internationally you have to be engaged abroad they also have to be strong at home. Theres a lot of common themes. In different once. Good question. I dont think theres anybody left in washington who said true fiscal conservative who want to do the right thing to put her fiscal house in order, because you need to put the kind of cuts in spending they have to make have enough to invest in things like education and research so america can compete and win. I dont see that. Secondly, not many globalists left that understand the importance of our position in the world and our responsibility for leadership within the world. Very different environment. Lastly, we dont have a leader today trying to bring people together, to find Common Sense Solutions to the big issues and problems we face in the country. Without that leadership its hard to get anything positive done. I think central to clintons economic theory was the success of the middle class. Attacking income inequality in the growth that was being driven in a way that was unequal. I think the heart of the Democratic Party believes that. I think investing in trying to see wages growing in terms of equal pay for women and providing people with the sports they need for strong families. I think theyre right in saying our successes modeled and whether working people are succeeding, not necessarily with the overall growth rate is. So to accomplish that you need a growing economy. The proof is whether people are succeeding with that. The thing thats different is that i think we misunderstood the over financial what was happening in the economy. So somebody said during an advance of the financial crisis of bill clinton have been in office he might have tried to do something about it. I think the economy was over financial eyes. And i think the emphasis now of making sure that Financial Regulation is strong and solid, the people who abuse their position of power actually dont get a slap on the wrist, but if they commit crimes, go to jail. The emphasis on safety and the renewed emphasis now on the monopoly power that comes from lack of enforcing any trust. These are themes were current today amongst Democratic Leaders than they were back when we were in office. There is a shift. At that time it felt like things are going along pretty good. Think u. S. To question about glasssteagall. I think maybe we open up the valve too much. The question now is whether you can to what tighten it in a way where the finance system is still providing credit and still supporting mainstreet businesses that doesnt lead to the abuse that we saw. Why youre saying is consistent, you dont just make policy and walkway, you have to deal with what comes. Other questions. My name is abby. My question is, how did you handle trying to balance the political and policy aspects of the job. I commands that easy. John did all the political. He did most of the policy, and i thank god everyday heres my partner. I had to beg him to come back to be deputy chief of staff. Finally i told him i wasnt going unless he did. John did the tough stuff when i was there for sure. I was there when the Vice President was running for president i think generally to our view of the white house was, if we are successful from a policy perspective that would support the politics of the people in Vice President gores case and in hillarys case to get elected to the senate from new york. You make adjustments and particularly with their democratic friends i think we needed them, particularly in my time when we needed them badly. And we tried to be responsive to their needs it too. And think about the ways in which we are acting together to both support strong outcomes which then people could go out and run on. Digital approach to leadership in working with Congress Change after it shut down . Yes. The one thing you need to remembers when the president announced the first time that he was going to propose a balance budget agreement that a balance over ten years the whole question went from whether we would have a balance budget to how we would balance it. We spent an enormous amount of time. We had blowups, and i can remember when i went home for my youngest son senior year in high school the present let me stay home for about four months and i got to come back. We came back is ever gonna do this in the right way. I remember going on tim russerts show. There was a soul who believed we could get it gone. Im bill clinton was a leader. Gingrich couldnt walk and determined by the time he left his shaking his head, he had the ability to bring people together. At the end of the day, because we did it right, we got 75 of the members of congress both the house and Senate Democrats and republicans all voted yes. Its very different than what we have today. We had it because we had a leader who can bring people together. Another question. Im just gonna ask a question about balancing the budget. From smalley, they grew up in southern minnesota. 1995, two years after the president , predicted that 200 billion deficit, so the figure was a little bit different so for the 200 billion could you talk about that a little bit . We election look like it be like a hundred billion. Those huge. I remember when president carter set up a budget and 79 that and 40 billiondollar deficit. Democrats were in control of the congress and they sent it back to him. And said you have to do better. It went from 42 rising in the mid 80s, coming back down again and now exploding. Between what they thought it was going to be committed to office it had grown to more than 300 million so, i think that required some adjustment. But real attention on the need to get monetary and fiscal policy working together. I said we have a problem just like houston and that the budget is dramatically larger and the practice the president elect have to make a snap judgment to do away with the middleclass tax cut itch was fundamental to campaign. Im going to have to raise taxes a little more progressive in nature but more than i had participated and created 36 and 39. 9 and those were big adjustments for a new president entering the white house. I do think that the fact that he had been a governor and had the balanced budget gave him an understanding of how critical that was and am a self that gave confidence to the American People that we were on the right track and that is how we got the momentum and as they see again the rest is history and that led to the balanced budget. Spin it came down to over 200 million new jobs that were created. We did have by the way a gas tax that 4. 3 cents and that was a smart thing to do as a way to raise revenue infrastructure. Infrastructure. Another question over here. Dog and i work at the Lombardi Cancer Center and got to learn from the three of you working at the white house in this time that we live in what advice do you have with these young people to get involved in politics and governing . Because it doesnt seem like most people would like to do that. It was a fundamental part of president clintons agenda. I think that its already been eluded to. Its just a rare privilege to have the opportunity to be in Public Service and to try to do your very best to make the country better. It is just that straightforward and if you ask the moment judy has already been very quick. But its what we work hard enough in terms of policy and legislative victories and so forth but when you meet someone out there in the country and enacted a policy and its helped them and their families to live a better life and have a Better Future that is a reward and privilege that is very hard and almost impossible to replicate in any other line of endeavor so that is the call to Public Service to use all that handshake when president john f. Kennedy that was the call to Public Service of the score and in clintons years thats what i would sincerely put forward for your consideration. To do a plug for this interim leadership and some governance and leadership either order and think about the message again to people today to both. I watched the film here of the experience at georgetown. Im a little younger than he is but not by right direction in the context of the empathy. Essentially what was the most important antiwar Senate Campaign in 1970 when he was at the law school to work in the campaign and connecticut. So it helped shape the future and i can outdo these guys coming. My grandparents were all immigrants and father worked in a factory all his life. But i think if you either really like, in which case maybe i have some other advice if you really like the direction of your country right now or if you really dont like the direction, the vehicle for changing that is politics. Its Public Service. Its being engaged, its helping in your communities. But overall, the direction of the country is set in our democracy through engagement in politics and i found it rewarding in my whole life. When you meet someone like this it is better than all the money in the world. Politics gave me as good a friend as i ever had. In the old south and the winter time every family would go out and chop a few logs to keep their family warm over the winter on the way home he would throw a few on the community would file. My dad always told me all of us have the responsibility to add to that community would pile. He told me it doesnt matter if you are to the right of jesse helms burton the left of gore that all. All of us can work to make this world a better place. My experience has been the greatest experience of my life. I got far more than i gave and i wouldnt trade the opportunity president clinton gave me to serve the country for any other opportunity. I am inspired. [laughter] i want to thank all of you for the opportunity to serve with all of you and to say going to politics and Public Service. So thank you all very much. [applause] as we set out the outset its a way to explore bill clintons vision. Its a testament i think to his leadership and probably good training from his communications chief. In every panel i heard the same four words over and over. Opportunity, responsibility, community and service. I am looking forward and i hope that you all will join us for the president is a grand talk about what it means for him and all of us moving forward. I invite you all to join us. If you have an ied please feel free to get in the line. For those of you that are not able to join it in person. And i will have an overflow room in the Student Center for those of you that watch as a part of the community. So thank you to everyone for being with us here today and look forward to you joining us in one way or another. Thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations] employment