South korea. This includes former defense officials discussing research and Development Efforts and opportunities for investment. Posted by the center for strategic and international studies, this is just over one hour. Thank you for joining us after the coffee break. I hope you had a chance to refresh yourself chats a little with the new person you met today. My name is sandra and im senior fellow at the center for strategic and national studies. We focus on defense acquisition and on Defense Training for the corporation that we have with our allies and partners. I will introduce our panel and kick off the question and answer session with this group. Our panel is divided into two folks who are presenting it into who will speak to the presentations and other issues under this topic. The topic is finding opportunities to facilitate republic of korea, u. S. Defense r d cooperation. We have a strong panel to present on this topic. To my left is steve who recently completed service as the assistant secretary of defense for research and engineering. He was the chief Technology Officer the u. S. Department of defense. He was principal advisor to the secretary on all matters relating to science, technology, research, and engineering. Prior he was Deputy Assistant secretary to Systems Engineering where he had responsibility for complex topics involving open systems architecture, Systems Engineering workforce. He has more than 28 years of experience including time at the defense agency. In january 2018 he will Begin Service as executive director and chief operating officer at the institute of electrical and electronics engineers. To his left, we have the leading expert in the field of defense acquisition, Defense Industry and Weapon System requirement planning. He served in the republic of korea army for 31 years after graduating from the cree military academy. He was chief of several sections including the Weapon System sections, the policy section in the policy section for the national defense. He participated in advanced research on a number of critical topics. He has been awarded the order of National Security merit in 2003. Here in his last websites a phd in Nuclear Engineering from the university of washington. To his left is a director general of the planning barrow. He leads a beer responsible for policies regarding defense acquisition programs and committees regarding research and development and quality management. He began his career as a Civil Servant in the ministry of national defense. He joined in 2006 and was appointed director of acquisition policy. His education he graduated from the soul national university, holds a masters degree from the university of wisconsin, madison. To his left tommy ross served for the last several years and the last administration as Deputy Assistant secretary of defense for Security Cooperation. Prior he was a staff member in congress for a number of years. Including as a Defense Advisor to the Senate Majority leader, senator harry reid. Also his legislative director for congressman david price. Before that with tom daschle. He is a graduate of davidson college. I will now turn to our presenters. Steve is first and presenting to us. Thank you. It is a pleasure to be here today to discuss opportunities to facilitate r d cooperation between the United States and the republic of korea. This is a particular opportune time to discuss security operation. Recent Ballistic Missile test have increased concern over the threat of the north korean regime to our allies in the republic of korea, to our friends and partners in the asiapacific region, to u. S. And south korean interests, and potentially to the u. S. Homeland. There 23000 u. S. Personnel serving in south korea providing the strongest possible evidence of u. S. Commitment to the security of our korean allies in these unsettled times. Much of the focus in current attention has been on recent provocations, the commitment to the u. S. Alliance with the republic of korea is deep and sustained. Is focused on addressing todays concerns and the longterm needs of the alliance. One of the strongest ways to continue to strengthen our sustained partnership is to the pursuit of common goals in Technology Development and through Bilateral Research and woman cooperation. Todays defense landscape is shaped by the preparation of an increasingly sophisticated military capabilities. By the convergence of a leadingedge Technology Driving commercial capabilities with those driving emerging defense capabilities. By the Technical Expertise and manufacturing capability. This has introduce challenges to traditional Defense Development approaches. The Competitive Technology environment will demand Faster Technology adoption and increase pace of operational experimentation and prototyping, and new approaches to developing capabilities to frontline forces. Particularly the demonstrated ability to adapt, involve, and enhance operational capabilities after initial deployment. The United States has attempted to respond to this challenge. Through continuing dialogue to what has been referred to as an offset strategy. The development, evaluation, and ultimate fielding of new capabilities intended to preserve and extend the technological advantage of u. S. Forces and our allies. These technologies are likely to include new systems capable of operating at extended range. Now cause hopes to create a video of man, in the air, on and under the sea, and in space. It will leverage advances in robotics, machine learning, and Intelligent Systems to provide operational advantage. The United States deputy of defense and have both emphasized the critical cavity of innovation, experimentation, and new technology in recent remarks. Both are working to line planning with modernization of objectives. And to accelerate these efforts. Leadership has been emphasizing the same themes. U. S. Industrial leaders have emphasized they are working on delivering the capabilities envisioned in the third offset discussion. I see a similar emphasis on south korea on technical planning. The focus on creation of technology seeks to align industrial structures and accelerate new Technology Initiatives to shape the systems that will define tomorrows korea National Security capability. The United States has put great emphasis in capturing innovation from all sources. Reaching out to suppliers, innovative enterprises, small business, for new and disruptive ideas. The portfolio initiative is being explored at darpa. The open lab initiatives r d laboratories engaging new partners in the way new mechanisms for cooperation. The department has been engaging with top universities across United States and world. In korea, i see similar appetite to engage koreas Creative Community to cave create new capacities in korean small and medium enterprise. In my visit to korean universities, have seen a growing interest in entrepreneurship, strong desire to find new ways to bring technical capabilities to realization, and a great interest in challenges relevant to strengthening. Both nations are exploring ways to use Defense Innovation is economic driver with impact beyond the security sector. Building skill, capacity, and industry and then are workforces that will increase competitiveness in commercial markets as well. I see significant opportunities to grow richer u. S. Korean Research Development corporation. Theyre currently strong areas were National Investment priorities closely line. Such as, strong mutual interest in advance robotics, advanced computing, advanced semiconductor technologies, advanced human machine interfaces, and with particular reference to recent efforts been explored by the cree ministry of trade and energy of science, a very strong interest in exploring topics associated with the safety and Safety Climate of autonomous systems. I believe these offer excellent opportunity for planning and offered great ground for researcher to research a collaboration between u. S. And korea technologists. I believe significant new resources need to be applied to to have significant impact. The first challenge and opportunity is prioritizing bilateral planning and coordinating the opportunity with existing resources. Secretary defense mattis has been vocal about strengthening alliances. I believe smt provides next one opportunity for this. The resulting strength and role of an undersecretary of defense for research and engineering might provide an engine to drive cooperation. Common interest or strong synergy capable tech in a robust technical opportunities for enormous potential for technica. I believe strengthened u. S. Korean researched woman cooperation is essential to deterring threats and preserving peace. Think you see. The morning. Is my great honor and privilege to speak at the seminar with distinguished guests and efforts i give my thanks brief law and seemed to on more on the joint defense between korea and the United States. Our general state. The history is mostly centers around the civilian sector. Beginning in the 1960s they cannot be characterized as from events of the country this began in the 2000s. More than 30 years behind it has always been to the United States performing the second group in germany germany and france formed the third group. International joint and korea can be classified into two categories. The first implementation the second part is a foundation buildup. Some of this is exchanges and Information Exchange. The government budget by 300 billion. About 2 of the budget. There can be a number of incentives to pursue, curiosity of the technology, overcoming the control, cost of saving resource sharing in the development of a common market. These pictures are affected. Lets take a look at the histo history. In the history of the joint r d there are a few Weapon System development. They developed the program in the 1980s. [inaudible] in the project in the 2000s. All these were successful. Because the United States withdraw from the project korea had to conduct the emd along but managed to accomplish the past anyway. From 2010, number of a variety of searches began to be implemented every year. The last system this set up a group for Information Exchange and Funding Research to conduct it together. This shows statistics in the International Trade r d is around 3 of the Technology Development. There is increasing trend. In recent years all of the Research Projects are applied. Thus you can see there is an extreme of priorities. Regarding the infrastructure of u. S. Defense r d, there is an mou for r d and the testing evaluation. This is under cooperation for the two countries. We have one of the cochair this is for defense r d quiz elation. However it should be expanded to include cooperation for resource development. Every cooperative entities depends on a form but their focus is more on Information Exchange. This is why theres a brief summary of joint defense r d and korea. There been no cases of System Development in recent years. Most cases apply. The United States has been the main partner of korea most has been driven by the government. The infrastructure is still weak the rules for improvement, the key point from here is the cases in the week in korea. There are three reasons i can think of that contribute to the stability of the joint defense r d korea. Plus there is common interest. On the other hand, the United States may be more interested in development of a market and cost savings. Also the Technological Capabilities between two countries and now we have corporation channels to propose and discuss here indeed. Regardless, there are good reasons to believe in the Bright Future first, koreas capability and technology of improving that they can now successfully perform moreover, koreas making high investment in r d. No this chart shows the global r d funding status over the last year. This extend as presenters of gdp. Shows number of scientists this indicates the amount of r d expenditure for each country. You can see that korea is located at the top. The amount of r d expenditure is within the top five. The potential of career capability are very high. Also, korea has a lot of experience with notably low r d costs in addition, koreas in many developing countries or developing expert force on a different from the strategy. There could be more items of common interest such as highend technologies, Technology Sectors and Information Technology required. Will be able to find common interest in all of these areas and create various with r d. Constraints can be a driving force especially when both have difficulties defending their programs. In this instance it would be a strong option to consider. This discussion will help promote joint r d. They should be reinforced and be encouraged to take a more active role. Also, the spectrum should diversify right expending into basic research and experiments. Then to realize these prospects we need items to consider. Consider the the items the top candidates will be a force of technologies. These items conform that encourages common items of interest. The final technologies can be a good candidate. The cyber capability responsible to north korean cyber threats. The United States may have interest in this area as well because cyber warfare requires information domains. Cooperation regarding defense stayed in the religious technologies can be a source of r d as well. For example, we do not have the capability of formalized Weapon System effectiveness. But many dispersed Weapon System development data. The United States may be able to utilize this. It could also help with the promotion of joint r d. This could set satisfied it will be helpful in creating more opportunity. So far we have to look at the approach to the joint r d. In this slide i listed some specific examples of technologies that can be considered. The autonomous, Cyber Defense technology and so on. I believe these technologies could be on immediate agenda for joint r d between the two countries. In conclusion, joint r ds are recommended solution to overcome Technology Constraints and extend, and markets. It has the potential in terms of low r d costs and investments, growing technological power. In this context a better environment to moral opportunities for joint defense r d will be available. Thank you. [applause] thank you. To give you an opportunity, weve heard a lot about the strategic imperative for r d cooperation between korea in the United States. About some opportunities and some barriers and complications then maybe have limited cooperation in the past. That would need to be overcome to deepen the relationship going forward. Your thought about the opportunities you see and how that can be integrated into the systems that it are being considered. I have an agreement however, i have different thoughts. I have a different flavor to what we discussed so far. He mentioned some emanations for joint operation, common Interest Technology and also to a government system. As for the common interest, i think this is a rapidly changing area as to the u. S. Foreign policy when it comes to acquisitions more about limiting technology can go into the hands of the people so they were limitations to what the u. S. Was willing to provide. We know at the environment and the programs u. S. Has i believe there are some changes in the u. S. Policy in regards to this area. Also for korea and r d programs have been very close. We try to manage all the r ds within our military. That also is changing. Were having a more open platform and more exchanges in collaboration with private participant industry and as such research and development for military Weapon Systems are not limited to the people within the military, now we have more people from the private industry and also with the we have International Collaboration taken place more intensely. His first common interest it is converging. That barriers getting lower. The technical capabilities i dont believe theres so much of the technology gap. We have to be mindful of any changes that have taken place in 21st century. For example who has the data and ability to analyze. For example and a lot of movement of submarines for north korea is not about technology, more of a creative solution and finding ways to my dad ideas that we have already and the movements we already have. As for the governance as of recent move had big discussions within u. S. In korea. We have identified 40 plus areas for joint cooperation and collaboration. At the previous we have very good reviews on those collaborations. In april of this you we had further discussions and talks about collaboration between the two allies. So as far as theyre concerned they are not as big of an obstacle that many might be thinking as doctor is pointed out. When it comes to create u. S. Alliance, has been somewhat lopsided. The u. S. Making decision i created a route to take or not take, but i think we need to have a more balanced approach to the alliance. For longterm healthy relationship its important that our voices are heard. It will need to share the burdens when it comes to many limitations that we have. That is how allies and partners could further evolve in the relationship. And thats what we look forward to. I know you focused on time and the congress and the department of defense. This can of cooperating on the research and Development Side is on the front end of the leading edge of the issues that come up in the process although a for when theres a need to show data when the systems are operational after they are produced. I think the secretary began by saying that cooperation activities between the United States and the republic of korea should be focused on both addressing todays consideration in the long term strength of the alliance translated to the r d program as well and it does but i think that in terms of addressing the longterm strength is rather focuses and there is a lot of consensus about the direction we ought to be going and looking at Technologies Associated those that were strategic for us also where industries are aligned and defense interests is aligned with the capabilities that we bring to the research and development but on the more current concerns thinking of how we can prepare ourselves with United States and the republic of korea to work on the battlefield when those contingencies arise to potentially be a coalition of other allies and partners is an important focus for research and development and often does not attract as much attention as though long term artificial income and robotics type of discussions that they may have just as much impact if we are ever in the situation. So the one thing that i would highlight is the importance of strengthening of the feedback loop to identify the operational concerns where we need to focus on research and Development Programs around that. And in my mind the most important place to focus the feedback loop is thinking about bilateral and multilateral exercises together those kinds of exercises need to focus on testing and assessing concepts in terms of how we fight together to identify the weaknesses then translating those into areas for further research and development some of those areas merry weve really fall short right now our command and control and logistics that are magically whisked away and we just assume the troops can be in communication with each other and resupply but it turns out there just isnt true and policyowner and planning reasons and technological reasons of there is a lot more on that technological side with the command and control system and those logistic systems if and when the time comes that they can truly collaborate on the battlefield that we have seen in Previous Coalition environments. In particular command and control is where the United States spend a lot of time and money in recent years to create that Coalition Command and control environment without a satisfactory answer yet. So creating that feedback loop to research and Development Activities with policies and procedures and trading around those concepts is an important cornerstone of the relationship to be Guiding Research and Development Activities with that second area of current concerns. Secundines it is the remark is the advantage that is brought to the relationship thats three yes and joys of many developing countries in the asiapacific region and beyond the second is the focus to translate Korean Technology looking for areas where those exports can advance jollied research and development it is important to be in a strategic context thinking of extending Security Cooperation and how the Security Cooperation can engage other partners that our important and future potential settings with these operations the South China Sea is an area where that immediately comes to mind in that regard where we seek rea and United States become much more active in to be not as well resources so they cannot make good use of what is developing for our own military spare go there is work to be done with those capabilities tailored less that our affordable that can be maintained and a sustained but to create the strategic advantages we need to be developing relation to the South China Sea. So you might think about those sensors above water and below bader that are cheaply produced and master played in the 18th of less sophisticated rules the day you could profitably focus on but to ensure the partners in the region can have a more effective defense against adversaries. Those are a couple of thoughts to support Strategic Elements the there is a tremendous amount of promise in the relationship. Thank you. Before i turn to audience questions that i will do shortly, i want to give our presenters a chance to respond. Translator she said she is an agreement but not quite for my comments which it is shocking but to stand in agreement because what i said were the three barriers for the things that i mentioned whenever there was said joint project that was my own analysis that devastated toward the end of my presentation those barriers that were formally in place are improving quite dramatically then is why it is quite positive because i want to restate my same conclusion also with the comment of how we can expand the opportunity i am an agreement of the two nations need to tap into that area to have some substantial discussion. Thank you. That would like to quickly mention the main point of the r d cooperation is for Mutual Benefit looking at those opportunities we should look at those opportunities where there is a Mutual Benefit to both partners in the past those that have talked about the mix but we should think about the past in the future and to get involved in areas there is the greatest strength to come together. In the past those Development Programs may have been lower than we like United States had significant engagement with other ministries between the defense cooperation and other ministries that are not fully counted in our joint statistics. That allows us to gauge universities and commercial entities in basic research and technologies that our defense relevant. That is an important area to think about especially as the time frame between commercial realization and Defense Applications tranks. Shrinks. This is the place grant then his memoirs in 1885 dying of throat cancer and his family was facing serious financial problems and at this point in his life he was trying to root take care of his family. Here is a story that most people dont know about. Growing up i got the christian n addicted to heroin lived under a a bridge pushing a shopping cart. But that is of the case. One of the most abused drugs right now on wall street among traders these are the of the professionals are opioids. Bierce times magazine said the battle for saratoga was the most important battle fought in the entire world in the last 1,000 years because they resulted in the surrender. The First Time Ever in World History of british army surrendered