Transcripts For CSPAN2 Leila Janah Give Work 20171106

And my mom open and just my mom open and just like you got 10,000 check from a Tobacco Company and is a scholarship for Community Service for Community Server site done in high school on at the time i wanted to havent it to venture familys home and i was restless. Spinning the Community Service he could take and go to africa. Was for content high school and it was for a scholarship and they said would be far more educational to graduate early and go off to this program in ghana and i would like to say this was a motivation that it was really motivated by the desire to have an adventure. I showed up in ghana thinking it would help these poor african children learn english and my students to listen to voice of america and bbc radio and spoke with the queen of english, could name u. S. Senators, they were more knowledgeable about Global Affairs like most of my High School Class yet they were all from 2 a day render families and is a school for blind kids. Hard enough getting an education in west africa. Imagine doing that when you additionally have this disability. What struck me most as i had grown up thinking a brother and i were really beneficiaries of the american dream. We both went to really create schools probably both had scholarships, lots of odd jobs to make ends meet, and if you have the will of the skoda work could make it. And it never dawned on me what life is like for the vast majority of extremely talented people who happen to be born living in squalor. He really means a life in my mind of a lot of avoidable suffering that should not have been in 2017. We have all the means in the world to fix this problem is a matter of distribution. You say that clearly and i think thats right. I matter distribution in controlling or affecting distribution of resources and jobs. I completely agree. He told a human story about joe. Before rico one, for this audience, talk about a couple lives you have affected in africa. What is happening to these workers have you found them into their families. I assume you are tracking whether benefits are sustainable meaning they continue over time. Go start at the macro level with the data. I worked at the world bank in the historic in the Development Research group that probably two people read. Every day. I confess i read it. Uturn on the state in one of the things i learned early on as if you want a credible approach to fighting poverty units of Credible Data around it and the more object to the better. We are lucky enough to have all these incredible resources. Mohammed younis who came out with the book as well, the pioneer of microfinance for extensively with the world think to come out with a poverty index. Its hard to manage poverty levels or they dont have cash economy. You have to measure assets in the hospital whether someone has a roof, what kind of roof it is, what floor they might have to ascertain what poverty level. We actually do baseline surveys of all for workers to understand what income level they have. We do sixmonth surveys and then we look at what happened to them long after they leave us. Remarkably received a move on average from 2. 20 a day to 8 a day stay at the higher income level two years after they leave the program. Not just for the workers but all the income dependent supporting family members then we track what they spend their money on paper he published the data in case you are curious. We even to quarterly, sort of like the equivalent of Quarterly Investor calls. Quarterly learning calls very tough for numbers and try to help people make sense of them. Lastly, importantly in this space theres a new trend or on impact in randomized controlled trials. Really measuring the efficacy of a new drug by a controlled experiment im only now do that with Poverty Reduction program. Her subject in people which may or may not work and its important to be responsible and ensure your Program Works before the grant funds and we just embarked on an rct and in her first thirdparty impact on it which the results are published this year and we did really well. Thats fantastic paid these randomized efforts to really look at the business, take some time because you compare your intervention within nonintervention and see the extent to which it affects things. Go ahead. Is going to share his story. I did the political thing where he didnt answer a question. The macro stuff really is great. But i couple human stories. So, share this story a lot because its just kind of stranger than fiction. I met this young man named ken kiara from a road be an one of those places that looks like a postapocalyptic movie spending. How many of you have seen the movie of the cm. The movie about what happens in 500 years from now the earth has devolved into a massive slump in the rich people have moved from a space island. Another subject. The saddest thing about the movie incidentally is both of this month seen in the rich people scenes were filmed in modernday mexico city. Think about that. The story looks like a scene out of one of these movies. It is a place where you see open sewers and beautiful Young Children playing outside open sewers. People are kind of multidrugresistant tuberculosis. People are dying of cholera outbreaks. A setting that shouldnt belong in the modern world. There are between 809 Million People living in one of them is to beat this guy, ken kiara. I met him outside his home just after he started working and introduced me to his home. An open sewer right outside. His beautiful sewer. He was living in one tiny room in which he tried to cook. He would bring kerosene to cook, which was a major problem that causes asthma and all sorts of other problems. Regularly his. Regularly his home would be broken into and belongings would be stolen. He showed me the bathroom he went to told me he was afraid to go at night because he could get mugged or attacked. It is very dangerous. And then he told me the most crazy thing. He was doing a business suit here in san francisco. Youd never guess his background. He speaks beautiful english, very charismatic, shut showed up early for his meeting, professional presence. Youd never guess he came from his background. It turned out he got admitted to one of the best schools on a full scholarship at nine graduated from high school. By the way, before you select did he had been working. He had been an orphan. His mother in seven of her nine siblings had died of multidrugresistant tuberculosis. He could not make it out. Heres this guy who is against every odd the universe could turn against you to graduate from one of the best schools. Using great now is going to get a job and change the trajectory of his family except in a robe either 70 youth unemployment. No job, especially not for a kid from islam. So he finishes his high school and goes back to the phone after weve made this Huge Investment in education. So often we think its the answer but if theres no jobs after the education, then whats the point . Its almost in some ways worse. So he moves back to the slums. The only job he could get was telling this local moonshine called china. He actually took me to where they brew it in a space guys. I met another guy who had a degree in i. T. From a western Kenyan University was forced to to live in the fund because theres no jobs. Heres these talented young people with so much to offer, literally dredging up sewer water to brew this graphic moonshine. They mix it with kerosene. People in this fun trinket to forget themselves. Its like sniffing glue. Meanwhile, our typical idea of someone selling this kind of stuff is theres no way they could have a real job. We never would imagine someone telling moonshine by the side of the road in the middle of nairobi as someone capable of doing work for google. And yet thats exactly what happened. Can get into one of our programs come a Computer Training Program in islam, quickly does the common get tired to do data entry. Finally, i will fast forward. Lester in december and went to beirut because we have launched a Trading Program with the World Food Program and ken had taken its first flight out of the country to be the leader of this project. So now ken has trained over 500 people in digital work skills all the way to lebanon. He didnt like the food though he told me. Then he moved out of the slime. He has his daughter at an amazing school. He literally looks like a different person. That is what is possible when we could work. When you give work, find a way to take the talent and give work in using all of the Wonderful Technology and wonderful employers that you can use technology to link to. We are going to run out of time and i want to get to a couple of other areas. I think we would all really benefit from understanding a bit more about your own business model. Its a nonprofit doing lots of things. You just talked about opening a new training in beirut. You are doing rct have impact assessment. So you have a budget. How do you finance the operation and why is it a nonprofit . You couldve made it a b. Corp. , a forprofit. So tell me about the Financial Model and then related to that, sustainability. Do you think it in a court you worry about the Financial Model going forward. You need to tweet it in some way . I will start by saying we have a problem in the u. S. , which is a think we are still very uninvolved when it comes to Business Models that on the one hand profit maximizing corporations the other hand charities that i think about make all the money we can doing whatever we need to do including polluting the stream and employing these Big Companies still do and maybe well donate money at the end of the day over here to this Charity Model where you have these nonprofits which are really illequipped to handle these big problems and not the traditional idea we have of business and charity. All of the most interesting social and Environmental Impact work is happening in the middle in this new space of social business. A lot of earning revenue nonprofits that do not base. Nonprofits that are getting the stream of revenue from Business Operations that support the mission. We had delancey street here in the city. Homeboy industries in los angeles, oldschool cafe. Is that which you are . An earned revenue going back into sustaining and building this operation. We actually separate the pa now that each program so donors know they are not subsidizing a contract for microsoft or google the donor revenue is going towards training and supporting clear social mission object is theater business is now profitable off of our earned revenue. All of the operations of the business are entirely covered by the revenue we aired from contracts and we hit the milestone last year after acres of operations. [applause] thank you. Silliness blend of taking some grant money, and maybe some philanthropic money from donors in earning revenue, what is the sort of breakdown . Yeah, we have about a 60 million budget in the majority of that is in our Source Program Company Earned revenue business thats under a million right now and i hope that grows. We are now trained to work a city government. Said they would sign on a basically support the training. Or buy a license. We actually thinking about different Business Models. We took our first equity. Read on a subsidiary. Our work center is in the country we operate in. For example in kenya the work center is a forprofit business we basically holy god as a nonprofit and we just sold to macromedia that business to a european Impact Investor come a foundation to impact investment. So theres all these hybrid models than what is exciting as it used to be the foundation, the people doing the finances for the foundation were entirely divorced from the mission people. You have foundations investing in tobacco companies. All these things creating the problems that the nonprofit site of the foundation is trying to solve. That makes no sense. What we need to see his convergence. The investments they make are in businesses that can only avoid doing bad, but proactively do good. Have a great example of this. I got the phone yesterday with conservation international, one of the leading organizations that investing in companies that build sustainable Business Models protecting assets. For example, Companies Like luna i. T. Companies thirsting from the amazon in ecuador are very gradient around these models to show local people they can make more money preserving the tree that creates a potentially profitable ingredient than cutting it down in selling the land to a cattle farmer. Let me ask questions a little bit about your other company. The other company you founded as a forprofit. Why did you choose that model and are there any links between them . Are they totally separate entrepreneurial . Have a bit of a sickness for starting things so when i had the agi went to my board and our sake okay, youre going to think this is crazy but i have this new idea and i had come across this amazing ingredient in northern uganda. Thats what triggered my ingredient. You have a real asset that you can protect and monetize. I love going to local markets in local markets when i travel in finding out what local were using and i came across this ingredient called nylon, shea butter in other people in northern uganda have Beautiful Skin and they have that because they used this product that i wanted to get my hands on some and get my hands on some and i go intended and they find out that this not only grows wild countries that take 20 years to mature and those trees only grow in northern uganda comes northern uganda, south sudan in parts of ethiopia. How come no one has marketed this as a luxury item before. I go back and remember flying through duty free in looking at the highend chanel skin creams and i love one of the women in my life early on told me even if youre really broke always the best in your. You only have one face. By the expensive skin cream. You go through and its got everything. And usually one is looking pretty wretched because you just get off. So youre like an easy target. Sunlight coming up this flight from uganda for my flight to amsterdam and im looking at the skin cream wondering if i should buy it and they look at the ingredient label and its things like a red number five, yellow number seven, tabatha crum, horrifically toxic ingredients in a figure researcher relates many of these things are known carcinogens allowed in 200 an ounce skin cream. We are cream. Were cream. We are showing utter money which by the way is not going to womenowned enterprises. Its literally going to the man. For products that dont even come in not only do they not do good things for us, they dont do anything for the world. I thought maybe this is an interesting opportunity. What if we could build a model in the luxury space. A luxury typically have enormous gross margins. Often winning during the purchasing been very few of these products benefit women in the supply chain or its owners and help him endure the spending. Why not come back and after a word about it. They were fine, do it, just raise extra money. Not here, do it on the site. I donated a third of my personal shares to the nonprofit. We also set it up we are going to compete corporation registration process. The idea is that the time i started it i was pretty agnostic. I just wanted to build a Company Whose primary mission be to to move people out of poverty. The way he structured it was kind of incidental at the time be corpse or just get informed. And so, i think now this is the most rich and exciting space in between what Mohammed Younis called social business. Von moss and nondividend companies. He argues when you are freed from the prophet motive of your investors, but at the same time constrained from having to be sustainable getting the revenue way to continue. Does her powerful innovation can continue. Imagine if we had such we had such a we had social and praise prisons and that is horrific forprofit prisons. Imagine if we grant so many i think its easy to criticize government run programs. Often bureaucratic and inefficient, but at the same time, dont have the pressure to deliver profits which can be at odds. The governments can procure companies. Some of these things may end up being a Government Mission. It may be a Government Mission to have some reTraining Programs to get workers skilled. Thats a Public Mission and there may be some public dollars. But they cant do they necessarily do a file, so that is why they then turn to a school to try to help them. Combining procurement for Public Policy dollars but these institutions is very powerful. We are going to open it up to questions in five minutes. I have tons of questions to still ask. I am going to and what we talked about the process of women. It is the case there are stories from a horrifying stories about what is happening to women in the tech community. Now, they are first World Problems and i know one of your comments and i agree with ed we have to worry about thinking about feminism as a first world issue coming global issue in some of the problems come in many fair women are much more extreme when you also combine heavy, heavy disadvantage. The point is in your own personal story where you have really good links with the tech community, youre an entrepreneur, the same projects from comp means like google, had there been any special challenges associated with things hes had to deal with . Are their role models have helped you . Are their mentors to help do . How have you managed that sounds like a pretty hostile climate to have this success . It can be. I find the form of sexism that i find most problematic is actually preterm to listen. Like i cant tell you how many times people have said that is so sweet. Is that your fulltime job . Someone asked me about once. Or at a conference where i was speaking, who are you here with come assuming that i was someones wife or girlfriend. That kind of thing constantly undermined right before you get that right before you go on stage. Thats the least of it. Ultimately the problem women in companies are facing is that we dont control financial resources. That is the biggest issue. If you want to solve a problem, that is really at a different scale that is the same issue everywhere. When i think about role models, one of the people inspired me as a woman named priya hyde she who started an Amazing Organization called world of good creature is the first of her kind. She realized that she traveled to countries in the women who made these are two Small Projects like rugs and pillows that she might see at nordstrom selling for 200, the women who make them make like 10 cents and she realized that if i created a retail brand and bought these products wholesale, paid them wages and retail time as a fair trade model. She built the first fair trade brand for our kids know good thing she sold at whole foods and who ever knew her, she was a force of nature. You could not say no to this woman. I saw her speak at a conference in 2007 and at the time she had 40 employees and i decided that they would eventually quit my job and go fulltime. She sold and became the first retailer bert is not good. Very pioneering. The other thing that was amazing was as a single and she decided she was going to have a family and she went about it in an amazing way. She went and had two kids on her own and they had been a return month before she tragically passed away. She told me, we are so often told his women that we need to have this perfect partner in the family that looks a certain way and mash of a plan and Everything Else is plan b. This is my plan may appear the life i am living now. Ive had an amazing fulfilling career in doing work that benefits other people into me thats more important than having a pictureperfect white picket fence existence of the suburbs. I sat there looking at her in her beautiful kids and what she built a psychiatric thats the way to do it. Luckily she is a Strong Family paid when she passed away, her kids into her brother. She inspired so many in our space and she had the documents of a Mark Zuckerberg for elon musk and applying that same passion and strength to social enterprise which desperately needs more leaders like that. You remind me a lot of priya. Both priya and leila went through the competition at you see berkeley, which i was once the mayor and of the accomplishments, one of things im most proud of starting this up we belted out how long the partners in beirut. Thats interesting about this story of course is often times one thinks of mentors or role models for someone who is like generationally different. In this case, priya has been a role model for people of her generation and its a lovely story. I will just send with one of the things they did come up over and over again in the work we did for the u. N. On how to empower women was the import tens of models that you could sort of see a pathway. You could see okay, i can do this. That plus also this goes to your paternalism, the expert patients people carry around about women. You are in a room and they are going to expect certain things in a speech or because you are a women and they are not true. Fascinating story. I have to give up my right of questions now to get to the audience. We have some questions lined up right there. Of the other question, make your way to the microphone. First question right here. Hi, youve got my heart. Are you coordinating with other likeminded organizations like you that think that international in the peace corps that has been doing a lot of Small Enterprise Development for Development Success for 50 years . Im so glad you asked that any asked. We have coordinated with a lot of them. Johnny praise from kiva pivoted a Facebook Live recently and inventor of ours for many years. But we try to do with these partners is basically help them implement similar impacts. A group we a group we Just Launched we consult other nonprofits and help them build sustainable Business Models and we are piloting a really cool program. Im going to be accused of being too broad, but we piloted this model are we teach people how to be digital freelancers. Four, ebay, a huge marketplace where you can sell your services. Amazing opportunity for someone who happens to live in a poor place that has the skill to do this for. We just piloted this in a rugby where he created a coworking space and may start earning money to use this space. That can come if you think about it at the unit level be profitable. As long as people learn money by going to the sun than they can afford to pay to use the space. This can be powerful and migrant communities. We have the bandwidth to operate. Last week another big Microfinance Corporation to do Something Like that with them. Ray. Hi, researchers generally was designed in the transition of the poor of the population he dont do it, drug attics, mentally ill and then you have the population you are dealing with. That means government is loved. Very inefficient government is left with the hardcore poor. Do you have any thoughts because nobody talks about inefficient government. I work for cms, probably doesnt come close to anywhere. What is happening with the Public Sector . Can you talk about anything but being done . They are the ones dealing with the really deep pore. Im so glad you bring up why not. I talk about this in the book but weve been working for many years. Its in the Mississippi River delta and the population is what you would call hardcore poor. Intergenerational poverty and generational trauma which never get talked about if your ancestors went through jim crow in the saw horrific things happening recently its hard to imagine they could bounce back from that. It was the fight to get anything done. Better internet Dinner Center in nairobi then i do in america and arkansas. We have very big challenges with literacy rate. People come in speaking far worse english than workers in may will be. Delicious layer upon layer of struggle and finally we realize we dont have the budget to sustain the program responsibly and to make it work we would need a massive investment in infrastructure, educational opportunity, a range of Different Things and part of the problem in the u. S. Is theres no money to sustain names. If you live in new york city it that this kind of agencies and a lot of love around you creating institutions that can do that. No one is invested in arkansas, so as a tragic decision we had to make to shut the program down and try to transition to local agencies. Learning from not just maybe a few things. One is we have a tremendous Infrastructure Program and we dont admit that enough. We cant be a developed nation in competitive with other countries in stem education. We dont even have internet because of the way weve decided to distribute access. The second piece of this as i really think procuring for social enterprise believe it or not. If they were mandated for corporations could get tax breaks for highly marginalized people we might see a change. By the way a person is not going back to prison there for saving me the taxpayer 200 grand a year that it cost to keep someone in prison there should be a tax benefit. We should be incentivizing higher in creating jobs among these people. So many that i see how the no requirements that the Company Actually higher low income people from that city which to me is ridiculous. By taxpayer dollars subsidize to subsidize combination of obligations around hiring people come ideally people from lowincome backgrounds so they are not paying for Government Services you may benefit from. There are programs like wage subsidies, but its certainly happening one fraction of 1 of the scale it could be. Those are some ideas that i wont presume to know them all, but we can move the needle social enterprise. I think theres a fair amount, a lot of bipartisan thinking in support in the incarceration area. But other programs that actually work to get that population as it comes out back into society and work for us other than recidivism. That is an area im optimistic that state and local and maybe even federal dollars will be employed because there is a recognition tremendously. The only people benefiting our prisons themselves. Hi, leila. My name is geronimo. I would like to know more about what work with refugees and how they plan to adapt to fit a refugee worker. Workers are constantly on the move and on. And able home life. We started working with refugees in 2009 when i got the email and we started working through our partnership with care. A latch administering agency. They serve a lot of refugee camps, and manage all of the infrastructure they are. The biggest challenge we face is technically its illegal to hire refugees in many countries because they see as vocals for jobs. A Huge Population of people sitting in the camp unable to leave the camp is solely dependent on food rations and other forms of aid which is basically a disaster. A recruiting ground for all shabbat then its no surprise because people sit there living in squalor with nothing to do, no economic opportunity. A lot of people are urging reform for refugee and theres all kinds of temporary Work Programs now being piloted that are really exciting. The second thing is equipping refugees for skills that are portable and one of the beautiful things as these are skills you can take with you and apply wherever you happen to be. We have an online version of Training Programs and refugee communities in the model is getting up work is very promising. Many people would find in refugee communities are fairly welleducated survey of more than than capable of doing this sort of work. Are some of these organizations say some of the big ones, youve got to do that digital work, you have to have the equipment, the broadband come in the environment, are you working in partnership . I read the report said the council had built this computer labs and young people have finished high school, 11 room high school thats the most depressing thing youve ever seen, the people lived their entire lives and then darted taken online courses in this computer lab set up their. Whenever the reporter says thats where we have to do her training and thats where we ended doing her training. I think the biggest obstacle odyssey is the red tape around regulating. So we have time for three more questions. Just go in order and then log to keep their necks for the reception. Three questions so merge them together. My question is how to someone from outside the Community Coming the Community Coming up by these individuals was killed. On the train them and this is something he could do in a largescale basis because training for new jobs is essential and three is how do you actually get these products have Quality Ingredients as opposed to show now. I still havent cracked back, but ill let you know when i do. I will start with a quality piece. We have a lab in new jersey that has all the certifications and so all the certifications and so we sent by materials that may help us formulate. One thing ive learned as a social entrepreneur is the social mission will not sell the product. The efficacy of the unique selling proposition will sell the product and it will be a nice addon. The product has to work. We did clinical testing. I sell it on tvc which is the real. We show before and after photos it looks like a typical product, but by the way this is made by lowincome women in uganda in the airfare which prop this is. The best thing to do work in these communities is to talk to locals and organizations that are successful in low income people. We said we know you guys work in the slums doing all different empowerment training, but your problem is you dont have a way to connect people to work. We come in and say that could be that providers work of a can have influence over the type of programming youre doing. So weve done that with an ngo called the human needs project. They were hungry for curriculum and so there is an ecosystem. You didnt mention that question that the term scalability always comes out. The curriculum is something that can be scaled. If you find the right partners all over the place. 50,000 people whove enrolled in online curriculum from india and the philippines in 65 countries that anyone can use the curriculum. I got a report from a friends father who works in development in ethiopia who hacked together digital Training Course for somali refugee women. Now hes training them and sending them out to go into work on up work and thats available for free so i encourage you all if you want to start a Computer Training Program in ethiopia with her curriculum, please do. Thank you. Go ahead. As more and more jobs are taken by machinery and new technology we create, what do you think our World Economy will do it to create new jobs to replace the ones being lost and what do you think the government can do to help businesses creating jobs in this area . That is the trillion dollars question. I will say labor economists in general are quite divided on a. I. I spent some time at these economists, eric purnell said interim mcafee are the basic about it. A little bit. Theyve adjusted a little bit. Its really hard speaking with an economist because i cant her about my random ideas as fast. I fact checked everything. So i think the jury is out. I talked to a lot of people at Client Companies who work on Facebook Messenger which were emerging in the takeover and its going to be a very long time. When do with the training data. Then they will interact with a computer and how you can make the most of the hybrid. But well see a spot when we started doing data entry, we are literally things that converting pdf files into text files do not can entirely be done by software that matches have been in the last seven years. As weve grown the business, with involved with services we offer in tandem with technology is evolving. The best testament as ray kurzweil who says the singularity by which computer intelligence will happen in 2044. Put that date in your calendar. At that point, all bets are off. Until then, quite a need for humans. The other thing we should be aware of is we choose the Economic System that we live in. This is not natural laws, not physics. We decide how you want to structure a system. There is a time in this country when we decided we were going to massively invest in job creation to all sorts of things. We had people who are paid by the government to go out in record oral history of the south. Entire archives of beautiful spirituals that are someone but churches in the south, that somebody got paid to record by the government because we thought it was important to preserve the legacy of the south. These are the things we could choose to be investing in. We could choose to fund farmers markets. So many things we could choose to fund with the surplus that machines can theoretically create if we dont have to do all this manual labor and machines can do all of that for us. I think its a brilliant idea. We can tax the game made by these algorithms and invest that in creating jobs in areas not traditionally valued by the Economic System, often things women do to be honest. I think it would take the will to reform or Economic Systems accordingly. Those of us who worry about it say everything you say is absolutely true, but i sometimes get about the technology. I am thinking house all as Society Moves with institutions and policies and social contracts. We are like falling behind in addressing new organizational structures, everything. I feel like i have been in popular question. I hope you dont take it the wrong way. I am just wondering how do you help the participating turn their first jobs into meaningful careers. How do you make sure they are not taking advantage by the wrong people and commit fraud . Its a very important and good question. Many times you use in your work and a nurse theyve been the notion of living wage. That is related to this because you are basically treating people, but she wants to to end up with a living wage. Thats a really good question. One is we have to make sure we are paying living wages we are not coming up with ourselves. Luckily, priya hott g pioneered a living module called the fair wage guide she brought together a group of academics to understand the cost of living that every country in the world and publish a neutral guide for people sourcing developing countries to understand what a living wage should be in that region. We used that as the floor of the very lowest we have to pay living wages immediately upon it with partner everything from Financial Literacy for micro loans to workers, food onsite, transportation, extremely highly rated in one of the ways you can guard against the pressure to pay as little as possible is to publish that her motor skills. The best measure of how well a company is doing is how will your clients would recommend it. You have a favorite accurate telling your friends about it all the time. Interestingly this is never done in the social sector. I dont know many social nonprofits were asking your beneficiaries did you think we did a good job. And so we actually do that with our workforce and republish a lot of this impact data on our site. The second thing i mention is the knowledge economy is fundamentally different from basic manufacturing. When you are working in front of a computer and using the internet and exposed to marketplace is in the idea of building an online reputation and when you get a bank account and we force our workers to get Bank Accounts because they are part of the formal banking system, your life dramatically changes. We than how workers start googling things like what they should be making. It would never have occurred to them to do that if they were working in a factory connected from a computer. A fundamental shift happens on the move people into the knowledge economy and thankfully the data really cooperate. If you look at trajectory of our workers and data we publish including thirdparty audit, youll find they tend to stay out of poverty dramatically so long after. So, im left with the question, but its a very odd question for you because i think youve heard he done it. The question is what is your 62nd idea how to make the world a better place. I actually think we know your idea, but we have more than one also. Your staff is going shes going to come up with another one. Anyway, ds and new ideas . I think youre making the world a better place. On your own ideas. Ill summarize. Im often frustrated by what we see in the media than what our politicians are not doing. We vote with our dollars. We are choosing the world we live in with the products they buy. Those companies are choosing the world we live in if we can influence how that happens, we can change the world. South africa during apartheid, the u. K. Produced south African Textiles by 35 because consumers said we cannot agree with this unethical regime and we would not buy stuff until they change they toppled bad. In the more we do that as consumers are better. Whats think this inspirational powerhouse. [applause] sound mark one thing that is clear is that his utterly worrying to understand the biology of aspects of your behavior. Your brain tells her spine tells your muscles to descend the menu he gave. What is incredibly complicated as understanding the meaning of the behavior because in one setting, firing the gun of some appalling act in another, heroic selfsacrifice in one setting is deeply compassionate, to understand biology of the context of our behaviors and not one is really challenging. One thing that is clear as you are never going to understand what is going on if you get it into your head you explain everything this is the part of the brain or the gene for hormone for childhood experience by macinnis said for everything because it doesnt work that way. Instead, any behavior that occurs is the outcome of the biology that occurred a second before, power before it all the way through to a million before. To give you a sense of this, you are in some situation. There is a crisis, rioting and, violence going on, and then a stranger running after you in an agitated state and you cant quite be sure what their facial expression is. Maybe they are angry, frightened, threatening to send in their hand it seems like a handgun in your standing daring you have a gun and they come running at you and you shoot. And then it turns out what they had in their hand with a cell phone and said. And thus we ask a biological question, why did that behavior occurring you. What is really the Central Point is that if a whole hierarchy of questions. What when on one second before that brought about that behavior. To begin to understand that, that part of the brain of usual suspect is the amygdala. Think about the brain, if you stimulate the amygdala you get an outburst of aggression, humans over types of seizures from over types of tumors based in the amygdala, uncontrollable violence committed damage the amygdala you plugged the ability to be aggressive. The amygdala is about violence except if you said on your typical mythologist, that is not the first word thats going to come out of their mouth because for most people, whether its about is fear. Fear and anxiety of learning to be afraid. Another risk it was learned something very interesting, which is you cannot understand the first thing about neurobiology of violence without understanding the neurobiology of fear. In the world to which notoriety be afraid there be an awful lot more. The thing to be make sense of his parts of the brain does it talk to. The next region that is incredibly interest in is the insular cortex. The insular cortex is incredibly boring if youre a lab rat because it does something very straightforward. You bite into a piece of food that spoiled them rotten in rancid and all of that of what happens is as a result your dog or text activated in the troopers all sorts of reflexes. Your stomach lurches, you gag, spit it out. You have a gag reflex. Very useful. Keeps animals from eating poisonous foods. Do the same thing with human. To volunteer to inexplicable is rancid, discussing emerita brain scanner. We do something fancier. All we have to do is think about eating something disgusting and it activates and then something much more subtle. Sit down someone in your brain scanner and have them tell you about the time they did something miserable and rot to some other human or tell them about some other occurrence of a human doing something miserable iraq and as someone else in the insular cortex select today. Every other mammal on earth does gustatory discuss. Msn also does moral discuss. What that tells you is why you something is or shall be morally appalling me feel sick to her stomach. That leaves a bad taste in our mouth. We feel soiled diet. We feel nauseous because our brain invented the symbolic thing of the moral mores in standard 740, 50,000 years ago and instead it was presumably some Committee Meeting and they said okay moral discuss there is that insular that does okay its in their portfolio now. Give me some duct tape. And as trouble telling the difference. No surprise the main part of the brain in the human brain is the amygdala because once it decides it is disgusting, you are a couple steps away from it being scary, menacing, something you need to act against. In lots of ways, its very cool the insular cortex does this because suppose you see some more bill that needs to be filled in some of the time that can take the ultimate sacrifice and moral outrage was the abstraction, this sword is distance, it would be hard to pick up a head of steam to be able to act against it. That is where the force comes to to make the moral imperative imperatives. There is a downside because the insular cortex is not good about remembering the metaphor you are disgusted. You have then been disgusted by someones behavior which in someone elses eyes is a normal, loving lifes title. A moving target in time and space. It is a pretty good fitness test between right and wrong. All the ways that can get you into trouble in most of all, every ideologue in history is an intuitive feeling for how it works which is if you can picture a minion to point you talk about saddam in the next valley, who loves differently, pitcher followers to the point when you invoke them from the insular cortex activity because theres something just discussing about them, youre 90 of the way towards pulling off your successful genocide. For serious readers. Translator and this week on capitol hill, both the house and Senate Intelligence committees along with the Senate Judiciary Committee Held hearings on the tech companies, election 2016 and russia. Here to help us dissect these hearings are two reporters. David mccabe is with axios, ashley gold is with politico. Ashley gold, what did you learn from these three hearings . Guest we learned that tech still has a long way to go in explaining what happened on their platforms during the 2016 president ial election as far as who purchased ads, when they bought them, how much money they spent on them and just how Many Americans saw those advertisements and were affected by them and may have changed their decision the about who they were going to vote for