Good evening. I am the director of Public Programs here at the new york public library. Last week we have the great pleasure of welcoming to discuss the fate and fate of programs. A conversation we have now made. That was so regretful that he could not stayed to hear more a man he deeply admires who thought he believed is changing the world. They happen to know each other. Im thrilled to welcome the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner. The new economics of zero policy zero unemployment and zero carbon admissions a book that he will sign after his conversation i am also thrilled to welcome jeffrey back to the stage i believe it is his third time. Last time he spoke to the conversation. By charlie rose. And in 2007 he spoke for the first time here with Newt Gingrich. Its always a pleasure to welcome him back. I just cannot believe that in fact happened. Indeed here we are. Tonight i would like to think andrea young. They both helped so very much to make this evening happened. As usual my gratitude. For their support of life from the new york Public Public library. Im grateful for that. Ive asked my guests to give me a biography of micelles in seven words if you wish. Sometimes i get to words and sometimes i get 11 words. The case i got three words. Michael micro finance in social business. Please welcome them both. [applause]. Okay now we had proof that there is progress. 2007 Newt Gingrich thank you. I would call it from the ridiculous to the sublime and im very excited to be with you and very thrilled to talk about your new book. We were together last week at the United Nations where both sustainable Double Development goal advocates. I thought it was about u. S. Politics as first. That is far more uplifting. Okay. Dont give away all of the punch line. Basically i raised the question for concentration. There been more concentrated. People are aware that there is a consultation of wealth. It is a ridiculous kind of world. It was plundering. In the past in our textbooks and so on wiest talked talk about the champagne glass and for such a small person. And then the stem for the rest the world. Thats what i say. Quickly the huge mushroom getting more huge and controlled by fewer and fewer people. And what comes out of the mushroom is the 99 and half people there. This is an unacceptable way. A destructive way to be built. What is something that they are continuing to get expended. Expanded. Bigger and bigger. If you cannot continue in this. They are willing to explode. And you will see it you will see it in the daily life of people. And in a way i was shocked by brexit. Almost like that connecting happening that we dont want anybody from the east europe to get in. Theyre taking away our things and our income and our jobs. Theyre complaining to the people at the bottom. They are blaming outsiders. As if they are responsible. Thats what the reason is. The reasons the politicians described that. It doesnt solve anything. They are not touching the real subject. And that is a reality. It created brexit which is an unheard of situation where worlds should be getting together another getting isolated. Today they are islands distinguished distance. Tomorrow that will come inside of their own country. They will be looking for different way to go until you touch the real subject. The one that was just kind of sucking up everything. Its passing on to the people fewer and fewer people. Thats of the main part was. What are the ways to solve that problem people in the past talking about distribute to the poor. Maybe. But who will be texting them because when you control all of the world is not just an isolated innocent thing. Its very effective with a concentration of the concentration of all of the powers there. Youre asking a government to text you you will do that. You will make sure that there is 101 ways how to explain that. And here we have a cabinet filled with the billionaires planning their next taxcutting. It is kind of a depressing situation. Thats what they are blaming them for. Give me some kind of feeling that maybe this would be adjusted in another way. I looked at the explanation of the basic feature that destroyed all of this in the real world is a misinterpretation of human beings this is soon to be driven by the census. Everything is built on the self interests. What happened to the other interest that human beings head. If you call selfless interest. If we think they can prevent both of that. Since it presents one interests it became more and more aggressive and it turns into greed. Every other responsibility whatsoever in the name of the system. Thats what i would say. And i have done this simply in order to solve problems that a common feature. None of them have i created to make money for me or anybody else. Its all focus on problem solving. We can see more and more of them. If we only allow the selfless part to come into the marketplace. The next point i will say is it came from my own experience. We have given loans to poor women and now we had 9 million of them in bangladesh. And then we see the children the secondgeneration we help them to go to school to get education and then they get very frustrated. What is a solution for that. A job is a wrong idea. You should tell yourself im not a job seeker im a job creator. Behave like a job creator. Then i said look at your mother if 9 million illiterate women can start a business with loans of 30. 40 why do have all of this education and knowledge do you want to work for someone else . Your Education System is completely wrong. If you dont have Business Ideas go and going talk to your mother. She is the inhouse expert. Whatever she does you can make it bigger than what she did. So you have that chance with education. The capital system did and two runways. Misdirecting human beings to work for someone else. Theyre not born on this planet to work for anyone else. We are built to be problem solvers and gogetters. This is her history. We never sent job applications when we were in the case. I requested transfer. That is what history is. If you put this into the picture it doesnt look as good as it does right now. It could be the selfless part of it. I think it addresses all of the problems i keep saying unemployment its a long word to begin with because if youre not looking for employment there is no unemployment. Because we are working for that. Thats why we did it. The question on unemployment didnt make sense. And someday years later when were having the established. Were talking about a huge problem. Its not just a big company. They have to do in the daily life. Seen that we buy things that they will put there. We are not quite sure how much damage it does. And the other stuff i will not even touch it. My children will be learning in the classroom. I want to build that and make a life for myself in a way and doesnt have any other life anywhere else in the world. Someone else and some other Island Country like bangladesh that has been washed away. Were talking about the climate and the refugees. Its not possible for you to live there all the sudden you get into there. We can do that. And also at the same time you can see it a number of social businesses. What we deem the big businesses. And we did that in bangladesh. A very simple idea. We feared the business. We started selling solar home systems. Whatever money you spent on kerosene every month give that money to us more than 2 million homes already. And its growing. And we became several years back the largest and upgrades for the Energy Systems in the whole world. No one else is doing it. It is done in a way that you recover your costs. It makes sense to people. Your only pain what your pain anyway for your kerosene. And then of course the other things i can do. A cooking stove. Now it is the nature right now in every country its different. Only 2 of forest left in haiti this 2 will be completely barren. But right away you build hole for us. That might not bring you tons of money by the way. The interest in solving part of it. It can be done in a very sustainable way. They can become feasible. If you take off your glasses with dollar signs you only see whenever you make money. The moment you take it off and put on a social business class. Use the enormous opportunity to create businesses or problems. That is a perspective that i want to get. When you talk to the wall street folks. I went to a Hedge Fund Conference that i found to be amazing in this mindset issue because there was a very clever money manager on the stage and he was discussing how his portfolio works. And he was talking about Foreign Policy in crisis between this country and this country for me i was getting into the story thinking how do we get the diplomats there maybe there will be a crisis and his conclusion was therefore its absolutely necessary to short it in by the end. It takes a certain kind of genius like that unbelievable actually. I cant do it. It really is a problem. You mentioned that you have a Venture Capital fund for social business. Puts money in and how to Something Like this get started because really selflessness and economics at sounds like a wonderful idea but it reminds me of a little bit of the very famous line of Mohammed Gandhi who is ask what you think of western civilization and he said it would be a good idea. And so what you think of selfless economics. It would be nice but whos gonna do it. How would Something Like this work you have a Venture Capital fund who has put money into it. Should we be begging or is there a Systems Approach that you think it would work better. Clearly you started a lot of social businesses and we need people all of the time with whom i work. We need people who want to do wonderful things. But its not simple to actually find the resources and my wife sonja you know that we beg for Community Health workers and people are just able to say no even when you tell them it is saving lives and crucial. How to do it. My experience in answering the question. When we are talking about the social business if youre not making money no one is interested. The only thing you ever heard is making money. You dont understand anything else. If you could take off his glasses suddenly you will feel like there is another kind of thing. Absolutely. Mickey money is happiness. We also experience that happiness. But making other people happy is another experience. I have to go or bag or anything. Im not asking for you to come and help and move on with your life. Im saying you will be changing yourself and saying something is one thing. But feeling and seen as Something Else. The funny thing was when big business started to Pay Attention to us. Maybe this is another priest. What did i do wrong. We sought genuinely when we wanted to do that. First one is a wonderful project. This to address malnutrition in bangladesh. We are not alone in that. So when the loan became interested we became interested in what problem the loan consult. And then finally focused on the malnutrition because it is a big problem for them. How do you do that. You put everything together and they make it cheap. Suddenly you will find many ways he you could make it cheap. If you want to make money you start adding many of those. They are asked to pay higher prices. We created that. We still want to make a difference. We did as much as we could. But then we have this marketing strategy. Its in the city. To the Grocery Store in the supermarket. And the market price that we paid. We made a lot of money in that. We just use that money make it, sell it there. This becomes easy. We engaged the women in the villages. Now its happening. It went to many other things. In the other country became a soup. They provided it. So that the malnutrition could get them. In columbia the sugarcane based drink you take a glass of hot water and put the vanilla in. Drink all day. They thought why dont we use this idea and make it 45 vanilla. And then in the schools and the children try to trick what they would be drinking this water. It doesnt cost much. You are using this as a technique. This is a social business idea. It is offense company. It is a familyowned company. It is certain idea of social business. What can we do. They explained to me. If you eat french fry and where in the world remember our evening mcdonnell french fry. We worked with them to create the social businesses. To make them produce more. And connect them with the International Market and so on. Got into their head now they are starting to see social Business Opportunities. We started seeing the social Business Opportunities and they had been in this business for many years the 6 of the potato grown in france 6 cannot be picked up from the ground. Because our machines dont pick them up. And 20 because we dont buy any other french fry company because they are the wrong shape. If we dont buy them we do not sell. Now that we have social business to people. Why you helping people throw a good food. We decided to create a new social business to buy up all of the potatoes and create the small instruments to pick up the potatoes. And hire the unemployed young people in france and use that to make potato soup. It became a very popular soup in france. 30 is all over europe. The simple reason they do not look to be in a good shape. The shape is very important. No one will buy it. In the business in their own business. I said what you call why do you call it that. If you want to put into a supermarket your vegetable has to be in regular formation. Thats how consumers like it. Its very interesting and i think a point you made that i want to underscore here. You were able to make something very cheap because it wasnt looking for profit. And of course and most of our textbooks it says the opposite that it is a search for profit cuts the cost and drives down the cost through competition. We are running a crazy experiment in this country which is that unlike the Healthcare System and all the other high income world harvest based on private motive. And we head by far the most Expensive Health care system in the world. For the same Effect Services delivered. Were pain way paying way more per year. And is a crazy thing because all we have to do is look at how it is done elsewhere and its notforprofit. Its run on a commercial basis. And here, of course its run on it we have to make the market better. The mindset is definitely a part of it. If you have this capacity to exploit market power which these companies do. So it is exactly an illustration. They are buying all the other vegetables they chop them up. To cook vegetables. When you chop off the vegetables eat you dont know the shape rate. There is no way you can hate them anymore. It is a good food. Not only on how to cook soup but also thinking about the missing opportunities. Its enormous just because they dont sell in the market. So now this is the two cases we started the Small Program in new york city to give little loads liquid in bangladesh they said it would never work in this country but it works beautifully. We created many other branches in new york city. Twenty branches in total all over the United States. To date we head over a hundred thousand borrowers all women and they have received nearly 1 billion in loans. This is one what you know this is happening. And all of the branches are sustainable. The thing that we try to do was to beat healthcare. These people dont get the healthcare. They are disconnected from the system. We have to provide it because the system is not caring for that. Everybody chips and and they take they take care of each other. And they have a full system in place right now if it comes to the sustainable level. Well have the healthcare program. There is no reason today healthcare can be provided if you bring your technology with a commercial interest in that will not make it happen. Your cell phone can become a source of a Healthcare System and you get wherever you want. All of the healthcare possibilities. We checked Artificial Intelligence. If you put Artificial Intelligence to serve the program you dont need any of that. It is a question of your mind. Which direction we are looking at. Thats what i was trying to explain. If you refocus your mind into looking at this and realizing that i can bring all of my Creative Power and all of my business power to solve all of this problems. Thats why i keep safe as possible to have it with three zeros. What i was explaining is that its not something that you convince i was was asking who are you. Im not familiar with this company. Mccain came i ask asked what kind of business do you do thats on they were telling me do you like french fries. Wherever and the world you eat french fry those companies came out of this. Many more young people are coming with Business Ideas to solve problems. Initially it is a small one but certainly it can grow now. You are seeing a kind of ecology where the normal business sector continues in this new business sector lives alongside of it sometimes living there. And its also your state away to tame the evil side of the moni money only corporate world. Its a very interesting case that you are talking about a lot of the businesses had no idea what is needed and why there are problems. And what is happening there. I went to a notforprofit i wont mention who would wear it. One of the big chains of Health Providers to the cfo and talked about a way to address the very poor people in the environment of this mega hospital complex. And he said were not interested in that category. We lose 3 cents per medicaid patient so were not really interested in building up that line of business. But that is the hospital in the neighborhood. You bring the technology the creativity and all of these problems can be handled in a much different way than we now do. Our Business Schools are always teaching how to make more money for your shareholders and so on. I said you run your Business School to teach young people to serve those companies to make the shareholders more money. So that they can learn how to create business and solve the problem. You started some of the centers. I was contacted by one of the leading universities in the country here. To start a social business center. They wanted to see that. This is a Business School. They are looking for ways on how to change it. This is something they would like to do. And people come with the frustrations all they can do as they can get a job and then i would get that good card. If so much power right now with technology in their hand they can do anything they want. What the job allows them to do is to become canaries because im helping you to become richer than you were yesterday. Announce and thats what ive been taught in our classroom. Our Education System has the redesigned so we kept all options on the table. An employee of the company or it could be there by myself. If you dont have that. Why do i say that. I had been seen it again and again all the women who joined millions of them all over the world. They are not looking for jobs all they want to do is take loan and start a business. Familiar with the business world. They can start a business and move up stepbystep if you just go in your neighborhood in france in new york city. They will never have the idea that they can run a business. What are we doing with the schools this kind of feelings inside the young people. This is an option for you. What option you want to take. People are looking for that. You are looking forward. And they are having a social business competitions. You dont need to have the money first if your bright idea many people say this is such a great outlet. That will give you a story there. A simple story but such a powerful story to make. We created this. To keep this company back in 2005. We have all of the legal formalities done. And then we put our half a Million Dollar in the companys bank account this is nothing for them. We waited and waited. So we start calling them and writing them letters. We have some problems. Been there done that. They cannot do the investment in the company because they declare up front. They will just give you the money to make more money. Youll be violating the mandate of your shareholders. So they have to stop. The letter to all of the shareholders in this year they will give you such a dividend. In the end they said we are trying to create company in bangladesh with a social business company. We need half a Million Dollars to put into the company. Here is a box. Tell us what dividend you would like to invest in. 90 of the shareholders signed up. And employees all around the world and thousands of employees participated but purchase it merely protested very strongly. He asked them to participate. As if we dont matter. So the company was forced to write another letter to the employees and of that. Now what to do. There confronted with a separate problem. Many social businesses created in many Different Countries and they keep coming from the shareholders and also from the employees every year into the fund. Money is not the problem. It is here. What do you want to do with your life. That is the basic question. If you resolve that question Everything Else is solved. Can micro finance be part of the chino for financing. Of course it is. So social business can take a loan and repay a loan the idea though is that it is social in the sense that it will not distribute dividends. We treat the banks as if they are social business. We wanted to make it social business but we couldnt. That was just one third of the Company Shares owned. All this money when you ask. Its coming from all of the dividends that we receive from the government. It goes into all of the investment that we make. There are many other resources that we have. That came to the perfect position. And is creating more and more. We started setting up the next one. We had four hospitals and they are paying back all of the investment in social business. You cannot take any dividend. Simply you get your money back. You do pay back the capital put in. Otherwise its not a business. You have to return your investment money. The breaking point for us is a very important point. You need to be invested to create another hospital. All of them now. All of the money goes into creating a Second Hospital on the Third Hospital in a fourth hospital. You all of these hospitals coming out of the same money that you invested. How does it relate to islamic finance. It has some similarity. To make it is a no interest idea that you pay back but there is no interest been paid back so it has a certain difference. I cannot compare it. So what is the next step is to let people know they have to make decisions. They have to go back and tell their children first. Dont be a job seeker be a job creator. Or you had two options. You can be an employee you can work for someone where you can be on your own. The text message is not messages that given in our Education System. This is a powerful message. And then create financial system. I want to start a business and i will not make it happen unless someone provides me the investment money. If today an unemployed young person in new york city with the brilliant money. They will be called in to get them out. Its the kind of financing system we have. They give people money to people that already have lots of money. It doesnt go there. Almost half of the population of the entire world has nothing to do with the financial system. That is a critical point. How do you run a social Venture Capital by what criteria how do you judge if you are the banker that is a good social business because you do have a credit limit to what are the criteria that one should use. When we say to our young people forget about the jobs start a business on your own. Thats what you are for. Look at your mother. And then we said, with the Business Ideas is another kind with Business Ideas. And to prince was we follow nobody is to be rejected. So dont worry that i might not get the money. Youll get the money. Anybody that is a person that wants to start the business. If your Business Plan doesnt sound right we will work with you. Until it comes to the level that you can take the money and makes you able to start the business. The second one is no one is abandoned. Your business may fail. We will help you to start again. Dont be afraid of it. And we will be with you all day long until you are successful and then you start paying back the money that you have. We will give you a second rent money. We will agree its not social business. Youre coming up but when you come up than one idea that you would like to have. You oblige yourself that you can do that. This is the way that we go up. About 2000 young people with this money. And every month its becoming bigger and bigger every day. Where is it based. And most of the business is in bangladesh. I said why should people be unemployed. Because of the system that we built. The job doesnt come. With a young educated person at the prime of his life sit idle and do nothing. Anybody could put a spell on him. And he cannot do anything. Its created that around him. He cannot even think all of the opportunities to do things on my own because that part we have taken away to the broader economy that we have. I said a job or Something Else. Im a person i can do anything i want. And this helps a lot if you the right plant for financial system. I could say that if we put money on the table nobody would be employed unemployed. In the beginning not everybody was jumping at that. Why am i sitting. I can do Better Business exactly the way it has happened here. They rushed to take the money. When some women took it. They said she is doing i bet i can do it better. This is how the whole system works. That is the cusp of the whole thing. You have to create an environment in our education and upbringing and institution the whole problem and the system is happening because of the failure of the institutions when it comes to poverty one issue ive been raising for many years poverty is not created by the poor people. Poor people are as good as any other people. You connect them there is nothing them letting them down. Harder than anybody else. Has anybody started this in the u. S. Or europe are you seen an uptick of that. Some be said youre invited to a restaurant. This is a social business. Thats how to get him over to dinner. I went there with my daughter and my friends. It was a beautiful restaurant. It was dedicated to social business that you remember we traveled together to haiti. And see the financial expert. A young lady became very interested in the concept. It is very popular now. It just begin. It is not me pushing around anybody. I just got the idea. They saw some social business examples. Reading this book im sure many people will come through their own social business. If it can be as small as you want. If you take three unemployed young people create a business to solve this. That idea russia. And now i have that. We thought about something she could do. To create a business to employ people and be sustainable is not rocket science. Anybody can do it. You dont think that way. Unemployment it doesnt come that way. It is not a government issued issue it is a human issue. If i can afford it. I will take five of my friends together. Lets do it together. If i can get three people out of unemployment i can do 30 people out of it. That is where the microcredit part begins. It is now globalism. And it continues. They are planing for the planning for the next year. They want to reach to have it half a million borrowers. The next ten years is half a Million Dollars. The put over 10 million. How much money you need to the extent of 10 billion. Their calculations were to 50 million. You have shown it now. Why should anybody be thinking where the 250 million would be coming from we can go to half a million borrowers. I said everybody should be running up to you. You are serving and the people in every direction. As a challenge. You create those examples and then you show that it can be done. Ones people see that can be done everybody wants to join in. It triggers and gives people the idea. Maybe this is what the sustainable Development Goal could be. It gives the idea here is what needs to be done. Here are the kids that need schools. Its also a crazy thing that we had millions millions and millions of kids not in school. In social business to get them in school was such an obvious thing. Bring electricity to households these are very solvable practical problems. Can i change the subject because two weeks ago email to me was grateful to many other people terrible political crisis that you are observing you are taking the lead on this globally really brought a lot of attention that would be good for people to know and hear from you to understand what this is about and why its happening and what we should be doing this country is led by the nobel peace lawyer. And what terrible things that are happening. We cant even imagine how that happened. We couldnt believe that this was happening to our neighboring countries. The only time they have committed. They happen to be muslim. This is it. There is no problem at all. In 1982. They took away the cities. They were in the parliament and the political parties. Everything just like any other city. Thats okay. You did that. Then they started to say it you cannot live in this country. People start running for their life. And then they start running to bangladesh. Every day is 10,015,020,000. What triggered this. Because he was there to give cover or they just decided thats what shes doing. I dont know why this people are leaving. The units its made it very clear. This is it textbook case of ethnic cleaning. They made a statement. You tell them that as much as their country as your country whatever has happened overs no solution. It will grow now because theyll try to get back or attack things so you open pup a box now. Were a peaceful people thats living there. You never heard of them. Become agreed, they have to protect. Most of the people that are coming are women and children. What happened to the men . Still people dont know what happened to the man because all you see is team of women and children from our camp. Oh, my god. Did she respond . Erchghts address the nation she said we dont know why all of this people. Responded to you . Tried but no response from her. No response. Well keep try secretary general. Talk to several lead percent in the United Nations to draw their attention. This is something as my message was this what to result quickly if it becomes longer and longer more complicated more expolice sits and civilized region because this is not going to end very easily but create tension in the city. Shocking terrifying. Ladies and gentlemen, turn to you, we have time for some discussion and i think theres a microphone out in front. Yeah. Perfect. And i would all i would ask you is please come up to the mic if youre interested. Tell us who you are, briefly pep if you can make a comment or a question, the only requirement is be brief. So that other can do it too dont hog the mic but other than that youre very welcome. Please. Good evening, my background is instructor finance and risk management. If i could remind you for if the sake of the questions baa this is another bubble were in here. I made you in the earthquake in 2005 the 10,000 people had died, and i thought that was an interest experiment with work we did for prosthetics with new homes and i think e in the you at marriott you gave me a hug. Which i still remember but what is interesting is ive been testing your or hypothesis on the social business without the daughter since we melt. So i think you should do what outcome of that experiment were if if i go to d. C. Or many of the eight specialist, in all of this work youve done is informal work and recognized because only work we recognize is if you go it a school here and get a degree in entrepreneurship and then you work say for three years at that that is formal recognized work. The rest of it is all, you know, that is not creativity so what im say your argument to return into these people you have their own vision, and what jeff is talking about of north p not being able to connect but you need to have local knowledge of these countries. The example youre give ling is fine. People absorb in one way but then you help me with like mediate that risk somehow. Because way youre looking at it if you dont absorb those risk and address them and include people like me youll keep getting surprise where is people keep thinking oh why is it getting worse . I have a piece of advice if or for you, though, dont go to washington. I came to the Art Institute and i have no mown to meet with you. Thank you very much. When you do something new, you are swimming against a current so you dont expect will be favorable to you. You have to be patient and aggressive to make it happen. So you need a lot of patience and stubbornness to make it happen so its not easy. Because you have a long inier context, so it takes a lot of that you connects with oh people who would dream of social business to get some strength probably to encourage places which you can get two specifications. Efntle to connect with you. Fnlings please hi im fine when i was a kid i met you in michigan if you remember my uncle but my question to you is, i know theres a lot of people that view your International Stature and your and they did see as a threat to their authority thats why they took over the bank from you. But what i would, my question is will you ever get into politics . Pnches no way. [laughter] thats a cruel question. What would you do that . What is your role . not anything direct because im not holding any potion within coming back. But theyre my fans we Work Together for a lifetime for 40 years so these are not kind of there all close to us. Thank you. Good evening from pakistan from Columbia University and im curious the governments roles in expanding National Business but let people do it because we have the history of government messing hings up. So itll be good for the government to kind of keep a distance. And what they define for the government is at best you become a cheerleader. Something somebody does good you go and applaud them. Youre being goods. But dont try to help them because in the name of the help they do it in a very strange way and taking command of you and so on. But create iness of the individual see norms and you can do it yourself. Let government wait to see how it happens. And later on may do your own social distance because government is not all for everything. They have their own social business too for example, creating those social business that im talking about. For unemployed people. Which yacht do Good Business on. Not only unemployed but even employed peel who think youve got into that. You Something Else if you have an opportunity you say i quit. I go into doing business. So funds to shell business funds or for Business Capital and all of those kinds of things but the real energy is from the young people. And the young people with technology and and with creative problems and design is to make it happen. Would you have the space to do this in pakistan . Yes, definitely. There i see a lot of funds that are building especially on the basis of technology and different and im interested in that will be great. Thank you. Hello. Thank you for being here, my her is from iran and myself you know everybody. [laughter] does anybody meet me when you were three . I dont dot work you do also. [laughter] but oak park michigan, might be . No. Okay. I grew up in graduated and down the street and ive been very familiar with their work and read other o work from Building Social business and im sure youre familiar with that, and very soon im planning to leave finance in that and go back to bangladesh to enter the world of local business im wondering if you have any im 22 years old i have life heatdz of me but wondering for 22yearold lived it in the pus for years to try to sthairnght ore be a part of something whether you have any concrete advice or perhaps opportunities on i know you mentioned Venture Capital fund im familiar with june center but qhar thoughts for me and anyone abroad want to go to bangladesh or country and want to be actively involved in that space what are your thoughts or advices . Education dont expect just because you came from the United States all of a sudden everything is happying. It wont frustrate so thats the most important thing to remember that everything will go imeps you nothing will come in favor of you it youre in the right spot everything will be. If it is wrong spot everything will come your way. Thank you. Let me give you one more tip. How many people here know sustain public Development Goals this is a random crowd, of course. Just a random crowd section of new yorkers. [laughter] raise your hand and how many are going to learn them in the next hour . All the rest so sustain public Development Goals and were sgt advocates these are the goals that always 193 governments agreed on as being priorities for the world for the next 15 years. That by itself should tell you actually the world agrees on basically nothing. But did agree on these so its a good, god start. Good start. And second point is that when they were adopted, they were adopted the speaker of that morning at the u. N. Was pope francis thats another good sign. That this is a good thing. Really a good thing. And when pope francis said this is our moral responsibility all 193 World Leaders said yes were on it. So i mean it as a very serious suggestion these are an orientation for things we ought to do. The one ive been spending the last few days on every day, every hour two of them actually spg3 which my wife sonya scwhi work on help for all youve heard about social business in the health sector, 4 is is education for all. And it is to censure that every child in the planet can get at least a secondary school education. And yesterday i met with the wonderful woman who founded something called Bridges International which some of you may have heard of which is a an education mgo or o its a business actually. Its not quite a social business for federal government business. But theyre doing a wonderful job in this slims of nairobi and its exactly on helping kids that would have no chance or for school to get access and they were working on the price point how can you provide a quality education at 4 for child per month because thats what the households could afford. Hes a ph. D. From berkeley and your husband is an mba in education, exhibition and theyre being creative so the point i want to make is that we have a set of problem it is that really need solving urgently and i believe theyre important orientation and at least if you carry the calling card of sustainable Development Goals others will somehow know something about them thats our job also to make sure that you know about them and carry that. And so i would just say that this is one thing to think about. This down the list what really grabs you when you go home and you go to bangladesh and look youll see lots of problems. Lots of gaps lots of things that needs solve and i think the core of professor uniss insight is is solve problems. Dont just sit there, solve problems. And this sustainable Development Goals many a way help to incaps late what those core challenges are. Thank you both. Thank you. Please honor to be in the same room with you im daffney ive worked with turkish ferment to the u. N. As an advisor and i currently work for jail that works the United Nations as a consultant status. I have two questions. For the both of you actually one were talking about in Environmental Issues question say that if question should give power to individuals as to question should be mother educated consumer when is we decide what were going to choose we should be aware and making decision for the environment. A see a slight danger let me ask you dont you see a slight danger when we put responsibility on individual when is in reality the cause for whats happening are the Biggest Industries and the company currently. I feel that kind of what happened with Michelle Obama when she wanted to talk to the health an said Food Industry and she was like we should take sugar out offed foods and improve our health nolet make people run so make them do more exercise then thats going to work i feel like if question tell individuals it is their responsibility i think it is important that we et individuals and that i think School People should learn about this. Used but it is also kind of letting industry and Big Companies be like well its on you now its individuals. You know i dont have to do anything it about it. great question. Great question. Talking about the role in individuals in play. It doesnt mean were taking away roles of the government roles of the business so on so forth thats very big problem. Estthats where things have to e resolved legal issues and compliance issues so on, so forth. But if we do all of those responsibilities to the governments and the businesses and people remain silent not doing in addition that will not work. So see, it is everybodys job. And the consumers are not just people who are away trtd from the business same person performing this or her duties they happen to see ceo of the company too so he brings his personal space into the company also. Why amity doing this and im running business opposite of everything so theres a lot of separate groups. Just because i happen to be a consumer just because i happen to be a father or a mother or son or daughter doesnt mean im not involved in that. So all of those people that they have their families they have their personal life hopefully theyll do it more inside the company to make it happen thats the point. I think your question if i could add a couple of thoughts in the american political context, our system is so corrupt its out of scroll. And if you ask why ep trump pulled out of paris climate agreement, if it werent for the corruption you probably never even have heard of the paris climate agreement. Because the guy doesnt know very much. So what happened . What happened the tell side of it he got a letter from 22 republican senators that said pull out. If you go to open secrets. Org one of my favorite websites which tracks who gives money to whom, these are 22 senators on the take. Theyre paid for by the oil a and gas industry. If you take scott pruett who is the jerk at epa thats the technical term i would leak to speak technically. [laughter] he has been on the take of the oil and gas industry all his career. So complete irresponsibility. So what do we do this is really, this is why the u. S. In the industry were not because the American People dont know some dont. But about 70 of americans and every survey say invest in renewables. You know, people know that the climate is being wrecked. You have to absolutely be under control of somebodys big money not to have watched in the last two weeks the the life and death issue were facing so this is really what were up against. Thats your question. What to do about it. I think there are many things and i think mom would answer that everybody has to, everybody sense of this has to be brought to bear. Now one idea which i would love to get going maybe we need a social business to do it, and figure out exactly how to do it, we have two brothers many this country that people know about about. Koch brothers. They fund lots of nice things this this city by the way. They fund the biodiversity hall at the American National history music so theres a museum after they destroy all of it. Honest to god, they own the largest private oil and gas industry is in the United States. Theyre terrible polluters. And even the most irresponsible people in our country in materials of big money being put down to buy the Republican Party to stop any kind of action on climate. Well i learned one thing i dont watch enough tv unfortunately so i was in a studios watching tv, and they actually advertise passenger side how good they are. Which is from a good sign. Because it means they have consumer businessessing right . So we can boycott hem. Because they really like money these guys. This is their real rezone, their billion dollars each. Theyve got glasses on theyve got everything. Theyre just one walking dollar sign. [laughter] and they own georgia pacific. Georgia pacific is pairm company they made tissue and toilet paper. They made things that get close to our skin. Yes dont we stop buying that stuff . Really . Thats part of the responsible we have to get organized we havent gotten organized why dont there was by the way a share Shareholder Resolution of exxonmobil this past Board Meeting that passed over the objection os of the ceo. That called on the company to report the risks to a shareholder of Climate Change stranding the assets of the company because they want honest financial reporting. So thats another way to go after it the responsibility investors responsible consumers. Political protest to step up so we dont have maniacs who are wrecking the whole world and i believe another way thats going to start coming is lawsuits, lawsuits, lawsuits any make class action cases because look at the damage that this company has done with their lives, with their deceit and, destroyed in the warming climate in the more intense storms and so forth. So ping the answer is weve got to do everything and weve got keep oriented to the good to make difference of good and evil and keep the sense of responsibility and to do it that way because thats selfhelp thats getting in there and when we immediate to use the law our politics or kiewrnl consumer boy cots we have to do it that way. I think its a great question. Thank you. [applause] professor lovely to see you both, sent me to say hello to you to announce to say hello to you. Im laura and my question is what tool youre going to tell me where we met right . At the u. N. [laughter] good. Thank goodness. What tool and words of wisdom can give their children to lead lives of service, lives with creativity, and what can you tell your child to help them keep going when their business doesnt work the first time . Okay one thing that they can do for the children is to help them to think about their what kind of life that they would look to have for themselves so they can think they can decide on their own not parents putting the leadership and doctor are in virginia should be look this and should be krrk oh instead of that, they what would you like to do . As they grow up from the state by state and not the first question but as long as theyre in education process, this question has to come back again and again. What is the purpose of the life that you have decided for yourself . You have to have a purpose. Otherwise youre just leave for a day just to survive this doesnt make any sense. So you have to have a purpose and a grim purple something that you want to do for yourself. While youre here. It is a really short period that were here. Not within that he period i dont to receive that. At the same time and crazy young people both in the school and now at mommy to design the world he want to create. Rather than adjusting to all thats given one that is not given. All is created that every woman and what kind of world they would make. Make a kind of qield imagination not just this a little bit of change here. So that they see that this is the question that they have to talk the world in. And then just think thes steps to do it. Prepare yourself to make it happen and remind young people that you have the most powerful generation in human history. Because no other generation ever had so much power than the presence generation has. Because of the technology that you have in your hands. But as you have this power, make sure you use that power. If you dont use that power, if you are always to be wish that you have it you never used it so parents encourage young people to realize theyre powerful. And they should encourage that make sure you get power to make things that they need to spee that they should do for future. So these are things that the parents can do. Wonderful. Lainl, you heard it from muhammad unis. Thank you so much. [applause] thank you. Wonderful. Booktv has covered many arts on economics including economist julianne malvo steve forbes, and Nobel Prize Winning economist joseph styinglets. If this is a topic that interest you, go to our website, at booktv. Org. And if in the search bar type economics book. And youll find a large archive of authors and material all of these programs are available to watch online. Youre watching booktv on cbs cspan2 heres our prime time line yum soflt ware engineer ellen describes changes in technology through lens of her professional experiences. Then at 7 30 Yale Law School professor and Scott Shapiro recall the 1928 paris peace act that outlawed war and signed by nearly every country in the world. At 8 30 p. M. 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