[applause] so i would like to start with governor kaine and congressman hamilton with a question, when you were working on the commission as we were working on it did you expect the fight against terrorism would be and here we are 16 years later. Good morning lee. Good morning tom and chris. Delighted to be with you. Go ahead, tom. Is great to have you. Most of you dont know its a very modest man and held a staff together and helped get that report. Thank you chris very much. I think that we thought there would still be a terrorist threat. We were smart enough to predict how it would happen, the extent of it, geographically ideologically or anything else. I think we thought it would and i might say before we started any program we paid tribute to the families. The families of 9 11 have been the most Extraordinary Group and they have taken the greatest tragedies in anybodys life and turned it someways into triumph and into progress and works to help other families, the people every single minute with the Largest Organization of families last week and they are still raising funds to help children and people in trouble. This is a remarkable group. Lee and i have never addressed congress about one of them and naughty and so on the way i would like to say we wouldnt have been able to be successful with legislation without them. The families are still working as a group to help us in this fight against terrorism. Lea and i would both like to pay tribute to them before we go any further and then terrorism has always been there. Its always been there in history. In london that was catholic terrorism. They have tried to blow up the parliament and it was a long time ago. Terrorists assassinated the grand duke of austria at the start of world war i but they didnt have the technology and they didnt have the power that the nuclear age has given them and that the internet has given them and skype and all those kinds of things have given them. And thats what makes him such a great danger in the nuclear age. I think we felt i believe most americans have been fighting this war against terrorism for a long time, 16 years, spent a lot of money, did a lot of reorganization of government and the best lines we have in the country in many ways our National Security and yet as jason reminded us in his opening comments, terrorism is still alive and well. So how can that the and why are we why are we making more progress . Thats the big question with regard to the 9 11 commission in your question specifically tom is right on target as he usually is. We said there were two enemies. One was al qaeda and the other was a terrorist extremist movement. We anticipated that this would be a generational struggle. I think it goes far beyond 16 years. So i think the 9 11 commission had it pretty well sized up. Certainly we could not indicate the details of it. Terrorism is an adaptive evolutionary movement and we have to be in it for the longhaul. I dont think we are close to seeing the end of terrorism so the struggle goes on and it will be at least a generation. Okay, thank you lee. Id like to follow up in part on both of your responses and toms here and that would deal with respect to the response of the u. S. Government. We have done a lot of things since 9 11 and yet its been said that some dont do well combating an ideology. How do you size up the government response from 9 11 to the present day . In many ways they are. Darn good. We spent a lot of money, a lot of people including members of congress have been leading us in this fight and we have basically prevented any major 9 11 type attack on the homeland. Thats a big accomplishment because they want to kill us. They want to hurt us as badly as they can so the effort is to attack in the United States and we prevented that. On the other hand we have had major attacks in Great Britain and france and as long as they are alive and attacking our allies and metastasizing or spreading around the world so as was mentioned they are in philippines now the secondlargest island and indonesia and going around the horn of africa spreading we are in danger. So must we really find a way to start decreasing rather than spreading this very strong forms of religion sooner or later there will be more trouble in the homeland. This is a generational problem and we need to treat it that way and attack it where lives, not just troops on the ground but another piece to hopefully. And impatient with the progress we have made and the way we still have to go. Tom of course is right. We have a considerable have made considerable progress in the most important metric of that is how we have been effective in preventing casualties in this country. Having said that, we have not yet put together the kind of rigorous, effective and powerful counterterrorism comprehensive strategy that i would like to see. There are a lot of parts to that we want to attenuate the conditions that prompted terrorism. Thats a huge effort in and of itself. We want to protect the homeland. I think we have done pretty well there. We want to eliminate terrorists. We have done a lot of that but they still keep coming. We have to sharpen our message. This is a war of ideas and of ideology and we have got a wonderful story to tell, american values, good government, the superiority of our ideology over the ideology of our opponents is apparent if we just get that message out. One area but i think we need to work on vigorously is enlisting good muslims to help us in our strategy. If we are going to impact the bad muslims and they are a very very small minority of the total muslim religion most of which is peaceful and wonderful people but if we are going to make progress with that small minority of muslims who advocate violence, then we have got to enlist the good Muslim Community who will have more effect on the bad muslims then we can have as nonmuslims. So we have to enlist those people in his ideological battle. The final point i would make here is the ordinary citizen in this country. It was the shoe bomber that was stopped by airline passengers. Accounts when we say if you see something, say something. The role of the citizen has to be sharpened as well and the bottom line in all of this, we have got the outlines of a comprehensive strategy to deal with terrorism. We have got the resources to do it. We have got a lot of good people working on it. We have made a lot of progress but we have got to sharpen and make far more effective at comprehensive strategy than we have had. Thank you, lee. You have really spoken to what the next question will be, so whats missing from our efforts . You spell that out in considerable detail and tom if youd like to comment on what we presented and what additional he might add. One of the law nice things lee and i think along the same track but he only says what i want to say before i say it. Anyway the 9 11 report if you read that report its an indictment of the United States government, the failures of the department after department. To anticipate the problems of 9 11 so that was the 9 11 report the vast majority have been implemented to. The problem is we have also said that periodically you should reassess the threat and find out if we are still on the right track. Im not sure we have done that to the extent we intended. At least every three or four years we should look at it and how it has changed and whats been successful in what hasnt been successful. Its not successful, why is it not successful and how do we change our approach . I think thats been lacking because look we have had successes we have mentioned and thats great. We have also had this huge increase in territories in which these people now occupy. He said you should never allow like he had once in afghanistan are enemies to have a place to plop into plan. They are getting safe space is now around the world. We have got to worry about that and what are we doing wrong now and what can we do this new . Thats the reason for the Bipartisan Center and their wonderful staff getting this group together very bright people to look at these questions and say look how are we succeeding and how are we failing . What committee differently and what are you missing and how can we eventually get us on track to along range win over period of time over against these very bad people. Okay i think at this point we have an idea of the con tent of the report by the chair and vice chair and i think we will open it up for questions. And please if you could state your name. Thank you. Thanks very much for doing this. I commend you on the report. Its not just very informative but its a great read for any students that are here. I want to ask you a note its in the ptc report theres a lot of talk of the Muslim Brotherhood and i wanted to ask you governor kaine and representative hamilton if you think the Muslim Brotherhood in is a terrorist organization and should be designated as such by the u. S. Government . Its a difficult question because as i understand the Muslim Brotherhood is not just one organization. There are different manifestations of it and if you ask people they say no, we are not. In a number of areas i guess they are. I think its to me its a group of people who have an ideology that can be used. Its not as clear as any number of the other organizations around the world who say we are terrorists. We want to kill people. The Muslim Brotherhood as i understand it does not say that in a broad area. Some countries are like terrorists in other countries in other ways are not to their people on the task force to know so much more about the Muslim Brotherhood than i do. There are wonderful people we have who know it very well and maybe one of them would like to say something. C chris and tom we have some rail experts on islam and islamism and that would give good question to put to them. My impressions are the same as toms. The Muslim Brotherhood as i understand it is a very broad group that have a lot of people in it that are excellent muslims, peaceful muslims, admirable in all respects. Also has some groups within its comprehensive group that advocates violence. Its the advocacy of violence which we have to really target. We dont want in our counterterrorism efforts to target most muslims and the people we are after are the people who not only advocate violence but to act on that view and that is where ideology comes in. I think the Muslim Brotherhood is a very comprehensive group that has a lot of strands within it. I must say i would defer this to some of the experts that are coming along because i know they studied that group in great detail. C all that i would add here as you point out in the executive summary and i believe its toward the last paragraph or two that the key here is not what people believe. They may believe things very differently than we believe in western democracy. The key is advocacy and actions on behalf of violence and thats the point of differentiation where we do become very consumed next question over here please. Yes maam. Thank you. Hi my name is jan and i had a fortune early in my career to work for governor kaine in his Washington Office in d. C. And subsequently post9 11 i had the misfortune to run atlarge International Telecommunications network and cybersecurity operations. My question is following up on the comments earlier today the telecommunications corp. In seven engage in dialogue but has anyone brought this issue the internet corporation, international corp. For the internet . Thats the body of Electrical Engineering geniuses to get together on a regular basis. I know their next meeting is at the end of october in abu dhabi, to ask them to focus their attention on what Technical Solutions can be developed to disrupt the communications particularly now that this is such an international issue. Has anyone engage that . I dont know. It sounds like a wonderful idea and something we should be doing but i dont know, really dont know. Ntia and commerce as the liaison federal organization. It does strike me as a big problem. I know the Internet Companies are very careful about free speech and i understand that. After charleston i heard some of the company said we are going to keep those neonazis off the internet and i thought, terrific. What about saying we are going to keep the terrorist off the internet . If they can do when they can do the other. Thank you. If tom doesnt know the answer i dont either. [laughter] i think we have time for one last question. Please in the front here, yes. Hi there. My name is arianna and i work for ethics and Global Leadership in d. C. I work with a lot of students who might be asking what their world could be in all this. My question is what what should the role of citizen be in counterterrorism and what can we do . Thats a wonderful question because given the kind of world we live in right now the citizen is the most important person because as chairman mccaul said and i think hes absolutely right its not probably going to be the fbi agent or the cia thats going to detect the next terrorist plot. Its going to be a local cop before and since when the guy tried to blow up times square there were more policemen per square inch around the towns where than anyplace in the world. It was some sort of a Street Vendor to solve the problem and call the police and got that guy arrested. The most important thing is the line of communications from the local police, from the citizen and what happens if you see something wrong and he reported to police or reported to a local official . Its a direct line and that goes right on up to someone who takes action right away. Is that good . The government has been working hard to strengthen its indications to one smooth line. As a citizen to see something that is wrong to see something that is not normal and he or she reports and thus that is going to save a lot of lives. They are our first and most important line of defense. They are so very important in this whole effort, first to understand, for the students to understand why its important and why its lifesaving and why its such a danger why in the world of cyber in nuclear and Everything Else is more destructive than its ever been before in the first line of defense is the citizen to report something they see and hopefully organizes and the government and it goes right up the line to prevent that action. Tom the citizen has to be informed about the threat of terrorism which we have said the citizen has to be alert. My question runs to the most serious threat that probably confronts the United States citizen and that is the radicalized individual. How do we identify the person who was not only radicalized in their thinking, expressing a view or ideology strongly opposed to our views and our values. How do we identify that kind of a person becoming radicalized to the point of wanting to use violence . Now the person most likely to identify that person is not in washington d. C. , its in the neighborhood and it is in the group of which the radicalized person is a member of and thats the point that tom is making, that the citizen has to be alert to that. So i believe the citizens role is absolutely crucial in many ways but particularly in identifying the person who becomes radicalized and is prepared to act on that radical ideology to use violence. Their role is essential, critical and probably more important than other roles that we think about. Let me repeat again that the shoe bomber was caught by an alert citizen and we have to have citizens who are alert to identify who in my group, who in my association with many people with whom i interact is going to be radicalized and moved to violence . The citizen is the key to making that identification. C i think thats exact to the right place to end. The citizen is the key. All of you, all of us for governor king, congressman hamilton, thank you so much for this conversation and your work in spearheading the report that is before us today. Thank you. [applause] would the agenda . What should we be doing as a nation . Well if you have the middleclass that is shrinking and you have millions of People Living in poverty and sometimes in desperate poverty the first thing i think we have got to do is demand that if you work 40 hours a week in iowa, vermont or in america you are not living in poverty. My book america and the age of trump tries to forge Common Sense Bipartisan Solutions to the problems we are facing. I would argue that those problems are getting worse and they are to a great degree made worse still by our political leadership. Sunday at 9 00 p. M. On after words Harvard University professor Danielle Allen examines the issue of mass incarceration pitch is interviewed by author westmore f. 25 of the worlds prison population in our prisons it touches everybody. Its a story we are not telling and by not telling those stories where letting this thing with piggyback to get the stories out so we can see the damage we are doing and fix fix it fix it. Earlier today Lily Eskelsen garcia criticize president trumps decision to end deferred action for Childhood Arrivals Program also known as. Gov saying hes playing games with the lives of 8000 young people. She made those remarks that the speech of the National Press club. This is ju u