What i want to do now is turn this over. As you know were the American Veteran center is presenting the Andrew Goodpasture award and i want to turn this over to the president of the American Veterans center. Jim . [applause] thank you very much, tom. Peter. And officers of the army and navy club, thank you for being our partners for this evenings lecture. Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of my colleagues at the American Study Center i welcome you to the Army Navy Club for the presentation of the eight annual andrew j. Goodpasture award named after a Great American and presented to another Great AmericanLieutenant Colonel ralph peters United States army retired. Id like to say we are honored by the presence of general goodpastures granddaughter and her husband, matt. Would you please stand. [applause] great to have representation as we have always had from the goodpasture family here. I would also like to thank the Bradley Foundation for underwriting the goodpasture award. Diane, would you please stand,. [applause] Joe Goodpasture was a special individual to all of us tet American Veteran center. From 1997 to 2004, he was the keynote speaker at our annual conference, a role which he relished because of the large number of high school and College Students that attend, despite his distinguished records he was always a man of the present and the future. He reminded the students in the audience that world war ii was one essential was won essentially by young soldiers, airmen, sailors and marines not much older than they. That freedom must be defended anew by every generation, and that since the attack on september 11th 2001, America Harris been involved in another world war war on terrorism. Much different than world war ii in nature but equally threatening and that it is heir challenge, the challenge of their generation to wage and win it. Ive been in washington for 40 years now and i know it to be a very factionalized city. General goodpasture rows before that toxic environment. He whereas that rare individual who was esteemed by people across the spectrums. He embodied the qualities we think of as virtues among them courage, loyalty generosity, discipline mod descity diligence, among many others. His was a truly remarkable life. He was a graduate of west point. A highly deck rated Battalion Commander in world war ii. He held masters and doctoral degrees from princeton university, serveds a staff sect to president eisenhower, supreme allied commander of nato. Deputy commander of forces in vietnam. Served in time of crisis as a superintendent of the United States military academy again at west point. He was resivent of two purple hearts and the distinguished service cross. The nations second highest award for valor and the medal of freedom, which is the nations highest civilian award. The was a member of boards and commissions too numerous to mention. Academic scholar author, loving husband father, and grandfather, soldier scholar patriot, family man we will not soon see him again. I thank you for being here to honor general goodpastures history. One of the young people that general goodpasture influenced is tim hole bert, the executive director of northwestern study center and our American Veteran center affiliate and in fact tim is the one would originated they of the goodpasture lecture and prize. I think its appropriate that tim introduce this years awardee, please welcome mr. Tim hole bert. [applause] thank you jim. On behalf of northwestern veteran center, im honored to be here to introduce tonight reside honoree for those knew to the center id like to offer a warm welcome. Tonights lecture is in which we honor the sacrifice of our military men and women of every generation. Over the last two decades the abc has collected thousands of oral histories from American Veterans from the First World War to the present day. We have produced dozens of radio and Television Documentary programs including the recently completed decisions raiders,doolittles raiders. And everybody veterans day week winds we bring together hundreds of students from each of the nations military examples and several dozenve are r. O. T. C. Programs. At the abcs null conference anywhere instilled with the virtues of leadership while gaining a better appreciation for our militarys heroes, past and present. That same weekend the abc produces the honors, the first televised awards show honoring our military veterans and active duty. This veterans Day Television special airs on cable nationwide every fall. And as many of you may have seen the abc sponsors and produces the National Enemy enemy day parades held on constitutional avenue here in washington, which we brought back after a seven year absence from world war ii. We revive elfed in 2005. Revived it in 2005. Its the nations largest memorial day event,ing through 300,000 spectators spectators and a National Television audience. Tonights lecture is especially meaning. Honoring the memory of a great friend and mentor, general Andrew Goodpasture not only to honor his legacy and ospotlight the work of fellow soldier scholars in his mold. Tonights honoree fifths that rolled he rose from pfr to Lieutenant Colonel where he largely serve as a military intelligence officer. This career left him well suited for a career at a writer and strategic thinker publishing numerous essays in military journals such as parameters and military review. Also written for u. S. A. Today the wall street journal, the Washington Post the new york post, and regularly appears on the fox news channel. In addition to several nonfiction works he has the i this fast recipient to be a novelis. His laiders work, the valley of the shadow, is on the civil war and his remarks will draw from this work. Ladies and gentlemen its my distinct honor to introduce recipient over the 2015 Andrew Jackson goodpasture prize Lieutenant Colonel ralph peters. [applause] thank you. [inaudible] conversation [inaudible conversations] youre a lucky audience, its thundering raining outside so you time it will. I am so grateful for this award so much so i wont bee be lab youre the point. When i was work only my masters agreeing i wrote a thesis on natos early formative decades and general goodpasture has a very Important Role to play in that. I wish i could remember what i wrote. Its been a while. But i am honored and i thank you. Now, if i were a true washingtonian, what i would do would be to begin by delivering carefully crafted wonderfully humble remarks telling you how great a. But instance im not a good washingtonon, rather i want to talk about leadership. And so although most of the characters i discuss are drawn from the current book be valley of the shadow ill draw from other research e search and im calling this the civil war and the mysteries of leadership. At the end of the day, at the end of many a long day throughout history leadership at its highest level remains a mystery. When i was lieutenant, a second lieutenant, first lieutenant, i dutifully read all the great military books i could get my hand on. And i was looking for the answer. How do you be a great leader . And a lot of valuable information along the way. And the military studies how to turn out leaders and you can check lift certain things, integrity, sense of duty, care for the troops. But beyond the check lists beyond the manuals beyond the helpful hints and memoirs there is this great mystery and leadership is not ultimately form laic formulaache leadership comes in many ways. The remarkable cast of leaders and the great Great Variety and so what id like to do, tonight is to give you some snapshots, some oral snapshots of some of the men who particularly intrigued me. And some are professional soldiers some are not. They all do their best, north and south to serve their country to the best of their abilities. And at times their achievements and courage their ability to galvanize soldiers, to incredible acts of valor again still remains a mystery. And ill start with someone who really is should be the patron saint of soldiers who write books. And that is volunteer general lou wallace. The forth gotten man who served washington. Now, can anybody tell me anything that lou wallace out there . He wrote benhur. Lou wallace was an indiana man politician wouldbe soldier he served in texas and northern mexico briefly in the mexican war. Part of the local militia in indiana, when the war came he was much better prepared than many of the other men who had become political generals as they were called. Lou wallace was very dutiful. Strong sense of duty to the country. Believed in the union. He wasnt a west pointer. That was one strike against him in the west, because general henry hall lack halak was called old brains and he said, other im paraphrase, volunteer generals were no better than criminals. He felt if he werent a west pointer, you simply couldnt do it. Well the interesting thing about lou wallace is he did do it. At fort donaldson grants first important vic, grant is on the river when the confederates locked the attack from fort. Grant is talking to the naval commander on the river and lou wallace is under orders to stay where he is and not move. Well lou wallace sees that the undown lying to his right is collapsing and he disobeys orders and attacks and saves the day. Fort donaldson falls. Fast forward to shilo. At shiloh, lou wallace tries to obey his orders to the letter but theyre very vague orders. The situation overtakes the orders and shiloh is such a near run thing. Such a disaster, that the they needed a scapegoat and as much as i admire grant and sherman the first day at shiloh was not their finest hour. They fought horizon and pulled through but let their guard down and made false assumptions. The army was not prepared. Lou wallace gets an order to march but the route is the wrong routed. He gets there by the evening. Henry halak is the grand wazzu in the west at this opinion and he decides that everything that happened went wrong was lou wallaces fault. So lou wall lace is sent packing back to indiana. He is cooling his heels. He wants to be back in the fight. During the morgans raid he saves the city of cincinnati in ohio. He still cant back in. Finally his supporters in politics on all sides get lou wallace reinstated in active service, and in the military district centered on baltimore. Hardly the front lines. Wallace has no troops under his commend except some invalids, guards rockier tating militia. He does his best. His number one duty is to make sure the elects run smooth hi. He does that in the summer. 1864 something happens. All the Intelligence Services of the undown army, all the intelligence work in washingtons all the information gatherers totally missed between 16 and 20,000 confederates storming up the valley of virginia the into maryland and toward washington. Theyre on a richmond theyre going to take washington. And grant is convinced nobody i admire grant but we all he is convinced nobody has left these lines and pinned them down and he keeps getting reports and dismissing them. The only person getting good intelligence is the head of the b o railroad, hawkerred in baltimore, and the takes the reports from this stationmaster saying the con fred rats are here in strength, tearing up tracks help takes tom lou wallace, and lou wallace believes them. He is the only guy north of the pot tom macthat believes this. Washington keeping pew pewing the rumors that early is comping. Early is nearly to frederick. Lou wallace on his own initiative and his his western boundary is the river. Which flows just south of there. Lou wallace gathers up what we call the clerks and jerks invalids militias and gets between 2,000 and 3,000 raw recruits and militiamen out there at frederick. He gets a battery of artillery. Really only two functional guns in the key part of the battle. And finally gets some regular cavalry who are passing. Grabs them. And early is leading combat veterans and lou wallace is determined to make a stand because he knows now everything is about time. And he is on the river hes got his advance guard west of fred rick, trying to delay an entire army marchs as hard as they can, for fredrick and then washington. He is not sure if theyre going to baltimore or washington but bets on washington. And finally washington wakes up. Grant wakes up. They start rushing forces. The elements of the sixth corps up to annapolis and washington but theyre running late. Its close. The night just the day before early is about to hit his wallaces main position. Brilliantly and beautifully chose on the south bank of the river. Regiments start arriving. He get two thirdses of the sixth corps which brings him up to of thousand men half of them who are green recruits. 16,000 and early just he heard just nothing out there but militia. He thinks hell storm over them. Lou wallace and another forgotten name, james rickets multiple wounds, a very, very brave general he is not handsome. Not the kind of guy that electrify the media. And they make this stand on the river. Its dramatized in the book but its incredible what they do. Brilliant tactics finally chosen terrain they hold early off, early from earl in the morning to Late Afternoon when finally theyre enveloped theyre collapsing, and wallace gives rickets the chance to rescue his division and get them out of there in midafternoon and rickets wont do it. They stay and they fight. Take tremendous casualties but buy a day. As a result of that kind of leadership lou wallace out of favor, taking risks daring, doing what had to be done, jim rickets, wallace has no authority over him when troops start arriving. Theyre supposed to go to harpers ferry. Jim rickets decide toes, the fight is here, ill statement theyre risk court marl martials and worst but save the union. When the confederates finally in terribly hot weather on forces marches, two days later they literally get within sight of the knuckly complete it capitol dome and within the same hour that the confederates skimmers are approaching the washington defenses the six. Corps is marching up seventh street and filling into the forts win one hour, had they not made that stand on the river, virtually forgotten today, early would have seized washington and burned it and left the it would have been burned twice. What is the leadership lesson . Sometimes that personal moral courage to do what you believe is right even though you to the there will be penal its and there were personalities. That is penalties. Thats critical. Lou wallace the thanks he gets, henry halak persuades everyone that his stand at the river waisted lives and wallace is fired in disgrace. Now, when jim rickets and others start telling the story he is finally reinstated at his rank, et cetera, but never given a combat command again. Because the indiana politics. Lincoln needs indiana. They do not want lou wallace to be a successful politician after the war so he cant be given a command. He was it was even more political then than now. Grant makes himself governor of the new mexico territories after the war because grant knows what he did. In the then crumbling palless hoff of governors of san jose he completes benhur while dealing with billy the kid and a range war. That sounds like fluff for one career. Later he is appointed the eye quiver lent of ambassador, to the supreme pouter, the assaultan Sultans Court in is stan ball. Lou wallace proud hoosier and american guys, gets to the court which is overregulated to say the least. And at the First Encounter with sultan he walks out and sticks out his hand, and at the sultan is what the . Whiskey tango fox. He takes lou wallaces hand and lou wallace is hi First Western adviser and the sultan theres as close to being friends a you can be in the circumstances. When the President Administration changes in the state and wallace was recalled. The sultan sends a letter the american president say can a mere change of president s rob me of my friend lou wallace so lou wallace goes back and starts a writers renaissance in indiana and does public service. Thats a little more than youve needed by lou wallace but im fascinated by this half forth gotten and forgotten figures and then moved to Shenandoah Valley in 1864. One thing i worry about todays army and military is the Political Correctness to the point you dare not speak. That wouldnt have washed in the civil war because we roman size the civil romanticize the civil war. In the confrontation win early and Bill Sheridan in the late summer and early autumn of 1864, many lives could have been saved if the armies just lined up and sheridan and early walked out in front of the armies and had a cursing contest. They were flamboyantly, imaginatively on sane, profane call it what you will, and the men loved it. They just did. And the curious thing is both of these men served leaders who really dont use on sent. Robert e. Lee is obsessed with the ideals of being basically a gentleman in british terms and his code is locked in the 1820 cozy and 1830s. His speech patterns are. Lee, you dare not curse around lee. Just dont dough do it. Early gets away with it. Hari heath can get away with it. Then grant dunce doesnt use on sents but is awe beated by people who do. He loves sheridan, and share don would goal on these tirades and grants sits there smiling and laughing. The lesson of this is not that you have to curse like a my old drill sergeant to be a successful leader but its that leaders come in many forms. You get the incredibly inspirational robert e. Lee who is a ridgeed gentleman and he gets early. Early likes so many of the confederate generals who performed well lee early hampton, he was strongly opposed to secession. He went to the Virginia Convention made speech against iting fought against it. But like the as wade hampton opposed cessation in the carolinass and when their states cede the within with their states. But earlys a crop chety guy. He has a beard stand with tobacco juice. Really fathered severely illegitimate children by a poor white woman. He keeps in a hill up above his home in rocky point virginia. He is not a clean living man. But he is a fighter. Now, heres the interesting thing about early. Early is not charismatic. He doesnt really inspire troops but he leads he is a good leader and the troops initially at least trust him to make the right decision. Now, early gets a bad rap. But early when you see what he did, he has always, always outnumbered by sheridan at least two to three to one sometimes three to four to one. Lee never fired early despite the fact that the richmond papers keep attacking him because he keeps losing. But lee knows theres nobody nobody else could do better. Phil sheridan, while they share a taste for colorful language as they called it at the time, Phil Sheridan is his opposite. Phil sheridan is a little irishman with a funny shaped head. Always wears the pork pie hat. The only hat that fit him. He had a huge torso short legs, long arms. Even lincoln makes fun of him. And that [laughter] but sheridan has the magic. Soldiers just respond to him. They love him. He can rally troops. Just by riding by. And thats one of the things always fascinated me. In your military career you immediate some people who are absolutely charismatic. I take the current recent generation of generals, marine general jim madis he is better looking but not going to win a beauty contest but he is like sheridan troops loved him. He inspired the troops. And sheridan, while early does the best he can share don keeps making mistakes. He is rescued at third winchester by his subordinates. The best general crux, one of his subordinates who sheridan in his later years will be betray his old friend crux, claiming sheridan wants to claim credit. Crook saves him at third winchester and then comes um with a plan for fishers hill. Up the flank on the mountainside but sheridan is very much a classic not a political general. But a general who is a politician. And with sheridan he takes good care of his sub bored newscasts subordinates during the war and after and he is rightsless in cutting down and subservient to grant. He is not an attractive figure as an individual. Into duplicitous but incredibly brave and soldiers love him and jump thighed battle at cedar creek, early advised by John Brown Gordon, low may have time to get to, stages one of the great surprise attacks in all of military history. Wildly outnumbered outgunned tired, unfed earlys troops with John Brown Gordon leading the frank attack, just run over two union corps in the process of destroying a third the veteran sixth corps only the vermont brigades stands and one division making a stand right by middletown saves some of the army. Share don is just coming back from washington. He is in and there are reasons for it but it is stunning what this man can do. You had inspirational leadership. Hulu wallace and jim rickets are not inspirational. They are merely the first to do the right thing. You get an inspirational leader who in my view doesnt have the ethical fiber of a walrus, to the end of the day regret his part in the john porter court martial. A share a sense of duty. What are the limits of duty . Writing a book, deep bottom, on the peters and enrichment front there are fascinating characters that give you great questions. Where does judy stop. Those of you who served in the 70s into the 90s and those of you to serve their earlier know that marines and other Services State your post, whatever. And make good decisions all the while and they do have limits. So you have frances channing barlow, a harvard cast valedictorian, brilliant man from good blood lines on both sides but his father is the preacher who goes mad, goes totally off the reservation, leaves his mother, his mother is a famous beauty and grows up in genteel poverty, on a commune for a while the hole concord movement and he is a brilliant man, hes quirky, strange, the kind of guy who doesnt gain close friends. You cant get that close to barlow but is incredibly brave, close to fearless. And a mental disorder. Rises rapidly through the army ranks to the volunteer ranks, repeatedly badly wounded and in gettysburg he is wounded, captured by confederates, left behind because he is going to die. By 1864 he is back leading a division in the army, barlow learns fast, gettysburg a monument, the worst day of the war made it terrible mistake, and covered the right wing of the eleventh corps and it turns into a disaster but everybody keeps him in the army because they know he is a fighter and he is the guy who breaks these lines in spotsylvania, is incredibly brave, up here is the key thing about the generals. Why did they do this or that . Almost all of them were suffering multiple wounds. It was rare not to be wounded at least once or twice. The big killer in the civil war as many of you know is dysentery, aggravated by area. This is in the days before aspirin. These men are suffering from wounds. A guy i love, william oats fifteenth alabama, leading troops in the barrel of the xbox off had. But barlow, by july, a bad foot infection intermittent to thank, and getting in each in august, in tidewater, va. That year was really hot but barlow is sick. Really should recover. He should quit, the battlefield on the deep bottom his wife has just died of typhus and it is a touching love story, it really is barlow later after the war, ellen gould shaw, sister who lives to 50 fourth massachusetts at battery wagner and was in the film glory, the thing about bob wagner, bob shaw, tutored through harvard, was a dragon lady, was ferociously abolitionist and forces Robert Gould Shaw to take command of the 54th massachusetts, all volunteer, was going to die on the battlefield, all these names associated with american history, barlow, francis ginning barlow takes the lead, buries his wife, comes back and is sick, and doesnt know when to quit. Got to know when to quit. As a result Winfield Scott hancock, in the wing of the army grooming barlow to take control of the court, so sick from winds and has to be if. He botches it terribly he has warned other officers from doing. And collapses, this man is truly truly ill. Five days later he pops back up to take command of the division. Confederates are ready to attack. This time he has not carried it off. They did real harm to do his duty beyond limits of common sense. His subordinates wanted to be a great takes over. A clerk in a store fantasizing about military glory, and dubious french colonel will do anything, nelson miles with a natural soldier. And a protege of frank barlow and frances joining barlow all the way up. He tried to hint of stage. Nelson miles dealing with the issues where does loyalty go . Goes from frank barlow who moved up to the a Brigadier General and in civil war, it is the old generals. A loyalty to the troops the mission, encountering books of leadership, they dont ask hard questions. Wheres the ultimate loyalty, to the flag, soldiers, might be a stupid mission. I dont have answers to these but history gives us some background to ask the right questions. John brown gordon the kind of guy, who will entertain on the table. Cavalier story who follows and all over the war. And collapsing in third winchester telling you to get back in line. General gordon is a number of those guys who is naturally charismatic. Charming, tall, handsome and a fine soldier. He might not get along, bend over guy with saint beard George Clooney type of guy, just plain what do you do in a situation like that . Gordon soldiers on, who could have been a Brilliant Team and hurts confederate cause. Would you do with a sociopath and psychopath . Another boy general. George armstrong custer, in the war, in his early 20s brigadiergeneral jumped captain to brigadiergeneral, custer gloves war. Loves war but the savor to kill people. There are a number of cavalry men like that but custer is a brilliant soldier but has to be controlled. One guy controlling demand using him well. Custer worries after the war, if you stay in the army, the curious thing about little bighorn custer tries to present what worked on the civil war battlefield, his favorite technique was to split his courses, fix the enemy and envelop him. Didnt work out in dakota territory is. There are so many people who would not work in todays military. Custer is not the kind of guy you want he narrowly avoided getting picked out of the service, several hundred mile trek to visit his wife. You are not supposed to do that but nevertheless in wartime you need these guys who are killers ruthless killers and we want everybody to be polite alltime. That is confirming. I want to get to the opposite of custer, someone you might know when it different context. Rod hayes, early middle age, there were mafias and his army, political groupings, northern virginia, really hampered by the fact that we cant help himself chose favor toward virginians, they run that army. Everyone else is secondtier, and alabama recognize it. It is a little different in the north not that exclusive. Humphries and chief of staff, corps commander. Scott hancock, norristown, other philadelphia and in it. Theres a higher political mafia, and rutherford b. Hayes. As soon as i say political mafia you get the idea, rutherford b. Hayes might have been the most ethical senior politician in american history. Ron hayes command in a brigade, under the general, he didnt care about rain, the good turtles who fought the war and hayes unlike custer he swore, he hates it but he does his duty, very literate men, welleducated, adores his wife, wants to be back with his family, one of his children dies, hertz performance, personal lives joy matter. And the day is not going well, even though sheraton was surprised. Up pigheaded, bull headed guy, but the day is close, doing a tremendously powerful defense, the news is closing around them. A swing to the west and crossing into depths of the confederate flag. Nobody knows the ground, he has never seen it before. In order to cross it is a swamp. Confederates are on it and before they know it his brigade is tumbling down into this ravine, the swamp, his horse gets muddy as a jumps, and his boots out of the mud soldiers are being shot down and high old time to the bank. With an indiana man and virginia regiment. Andst fullback. The matter being slaughtered. He is not a professional military man and this moment of doubt to decide what to do. And it basically is follow me and hayes, the colonel, chomping through the mud, keep the powder dry, he is loved by his soldiers but truly caring decent man. Soldiers would not let hayes go alone. The most inspirational moment i have seen in the civil war, end drowning make it onto the muddy farm bank, clawing their way and more men are joining. He doesnt have time to order the regiment, just follow me again and that the bank, right into the confederates and they drive them back and more men start making it across and rod haze in the high ground there is a battery, turns the confederate flag, pushes forward, he is exhausted drained, at most half of it with him against a strong confederate defense wondering what to do this is as far as i can go, then he gets the word the Division Commander is down. He is the Division Commander. Doesnt know where the division is. But he starts finding out. He rallies his men they will do anything for this guy and he manages to get the division moved and as the confederate lines rutherford b. Hayes his soldiers said to him after this, colonel, you are going to be governor. Hays is allergic to poison ivy. He does what confederates who are tough, the toughest we have ever seen in virginia but confederate think they are protected by the river on one side, Steep Mountain on the other end the division, especially mountain creepers in west virginia, hayes looks at the mountain. And small court. And unsure. Hays leads his troops indian style across the side of a stony mountain. And the confederates again deals another great defeat. He doesnt have as good a day at cedar creek where his division is overrun but does his best to fight. Ethics and honesty john gordon will do anything to get ahead. Brilliant soldier, incredibly brave man, not terribly scrupulous. All these styles of leadership work. One thing they do have is all these in the front, a little different in the union army because they lead from the front to a point. Division commanders dont lead charges confederates, walter scott, generals lead from the front, as a result we runs out of generals all the good ones come up later in the war. A guy who is 5 foot 4 individual before the war he travels with a cow chickens and pastry cut. He is the most ferocious Division Commander lee has in the last year of war. The crater is another story. Very rarely told, one of the ugliest racial massacres in american history. With massacres on both sides. Black troops, the slaughter at fort pillow to the confederates counterattack, show no quarter to black troops, an ugly day. At the end you probably heard this. Union troops trapped in the crater some turn on their fellow union troops to happen to the u. S. Color troops and shoot from, bay and at, the same uniform and hope the confederate wont kill them. One incident happens where a Union Officer shoots a black soldier, the confederate stars so horrified by his treasury, point of justice. I am diverting myself because so rich in these characters, after the war haze of course becomes president in the disputed election of 1876. The original hanging chad election. Barlow plays an interesting part and rutherford b. Hayes promised when he ran i will serve, if elected serve one term, he is the first president to reform the civil service, ending reconstruction. He dedicates the rest of his life to education for blacks and Legal Protections for them. Refuses to intervene on the side of the ownership in the strike of 1878, destroying property, by the time he leaves he is ready to leave office and ready for the next election. We dont think of rutherford b. Hayes that way as a punch line in a latenight joke. Only one great mistake and i will get to that in a moment. A politician most of his life says no. Serving one term, going home. And he went home. Dedicated his life to education with blacks, poor whites and the highlight of his life was holding reunions for his soldiers on his small farm and they all came to the end of his days and soldiers really loved that. Frank barlow, another man who is quirky, the merciless killers for, and after the war he goes back to new york fed is the lawyer and is elected to various offices, fights republicans figure okay, he is our man. Disputed election 1876, basically louisiana and florida questions about the state. The republicans pulled frank barlow to check the ballots on one of the key counties and one of the disputed counties and figure he is one of us. Barlow comes back saying no, the democrats won this county. End of barlows political career but he does go on to the decent and successful life as an attorney. What i am trying to convey with colorful stories that might interest you a little bit is in the civil war, there were not bronze statues on marble pillars. There were real men with real quirks with tremendous complexity. Some of them are afraid but they do their duty and perform incredible acts of heroism. Others like testers seem to feel no fear virtually psychotic. Robbery lee wasert e. Lee was obsessed with being a general, sherman has to learn, grant is a guy, first time many i can find, european north American South american, he was the first guy to realize what modern war takes, the model even for find generals George Gordon meade is underrated, he won the battle of gettysburg but the model for all these generals on both sides is napoleon model where you march out, fight a battle, somebody wins, somebody loses, back to your corners, lick your wounds and replenished and then go out and fight another battle or have another campaign. Grants in sight issight is war has to be constant. Losses are consistently higher than grants. Grant knows what it takes to win. He is the first general who divorces himself from the battlefield and only occasionally goes forward. He hate hospitals and he knows he cant he is that tender hearted man. Cant stand cruelty to animals. He cant handle blood. His conscience will get the better of him if he goes forward and he doesnt and he knows the most merciful thing is to win the wars and the one man in the north who gets it is not in uniform. It is Abraham Lincoln which is another parade of leadership entire day. Hopelessly i cannot speak, hopelessly inadequate talk this evening, give you a feel for the variety of leadership and i suspect were we ever god forbid have to fight a major war today we would see a wide variety of leaders emerge after the great peace time leaders up the side. The civil war, i am fascinated because it formed the america we know. We are dealing with this reverberation as we saw and are seeing now in the Southern States 150 years later. History has long curved. It is a study, certainly offer exercises in command. To understand your history and fact you hear people saying our country has never been so divided. 750,000 americans died in our civil war. I say we were slightly more divided than. These people were real flesh and blood human beings with passion but hunger for power, fear head weiss,lice , dysentery. What is amazing is how they transcended pain and fear to fight the war that decided we would be one nation under god, indivisible. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] questions . In the back. Microphone is coming to you. A question from the male perspective call the leadership you commented on was army leadership. Do you have any feel for the leadership style of admiral farragut, and compare and contrast with the leadership styles worn needs of but naval commander versus an Army Commander . Naval commander has to be able to swim. I really cant. I am writing about the army. Not to neglect the navy but that is what i know. Boots on the ground kind of guy. What strikes me about the navy in the civil war, most important operations other than the blockade are wolverine operations. Aground water navy to a great extent and the joint operations in the west, cooperation is joint action. Full speed ahead, the United States navy to me as an army guy, it has a tradition that goes back to the Continental Navy which was small and had to be ferocious and so our navy traditionally has been a ferocious in harms way navy. It was frustrating, didnt have a Confederate Navy to fight. Actions around hampton roads, blue water brown water but the confederates rely on private years like the famous alabama the savannah. They are commerce raiders not interested in taking it out and get cornered off of cherbourg, for better because confederate have been sinking whaling vessels. It is a tough war for the navy in the sense that they dont get the glory the army does. It is a ground war and the naval blockade is essentials. Winfield scott as opposed to Winfield Scott hancock the elder, Winfield Scott was mocked at the beginning of the war for the anaconda plant that use around the and and, the snake but that is what won the war as far as logistics go. Another thing another point navy was great delivering supplies. So the cooperation there is absolute. We get this inner service more on navy versus army. One thing that, i think, weve made progress on is the generals admirals today its not about your rank. Its not about working iron works after retire, its about duty sometimes the army has to give the navy a little something. My god we have to play on the same team. You know what, the bad guys do. Okay. Why did you portray to all the generals except graham as opposed to clean spoken people . I portrayed all of them as they were. Some of them were very clean spoken men. Religion was important part of life for soldiers. But sold years who served on the frontier men served years, even decades they really didnt speak like seminary students. [laughs] in cases if he went full board, it would be offensive. Im trying to be true to history. Now i want to know what the weather was like not just a day but on a given day. It takes nothing you know, soldiers, if they have anymore ammunition left, none of them say, oh my, i believe i misplaced by bullets. [laughs] they werent. To me whats great about them is they overcome their human frailties to lead and sometimes the human frailties was in profane language. Before things became complit political correct some rose to poetry. Thats the best answer i can give you. [laughs] im sure some of you object but questions . Is anybody hungry . Ladies and gentlemen, thank you so much. [applause] thank you very much. If you look some more there are still more for sale back out. Thank you very much and thank you for joining us at this book forum. [applause] well feature programming on prime time and cspan2. Look at two book tv special programs on sat september 5th live from the nations capital. Followed on sunday with our live indepth program with former second lady. Book tv on cspan2 television for serious readers. Book tv recently visited at capitol hill what theyre heading this summer. Well, im currently reading a mystery called business. Im just im reading about a jewish woman who was separated from her fiance from world war