That is Something Congress is trying to work on once more. Well come back to that a little later in the discussion. Same question, dave over to you. I think there is a real opportunity for us to be able to accelerate. The challenges we need to be more deliberate around the way that we are experimenting with this technology. The dialogues ive been having with some leadership is a renewed enthusiasm around taking emerging technology and the war fighters getting together we were trying to figure out what is the potential of the technology but in many ways, like my house, i cant anticipate how they are going to use it. They have far better ways to see it then we do. Its the sitter of brain storming process that allow you to adapt the procedures that you are going to use to employ the capability and feed that back into the acquisition process. Then you can tighten up the cycle time. Its its a co evolution of the solution. To have an example of the kind of things youre talking about . At least a practical practical way to think about it . Yes a good example of that, so one of the other areas in technology that we work on is multi sensor data out where you take scenes of data from radars imaging and all sorts of centers and bring them together. Typically the technologist will want to wring every single ounce of information out of every bit of data that comes to those sensors. What we find when we engage the operators is, first of all thats a retractable problem to try to get all of that information out of every sensor every time and everywhere. Theres this nice sort of positive feedback when were working with the operator. They dont think of problems that way. They think about areas they need more information or less information, tips and cues from one area to another and it really drives a different. Process around how you architect things when your customers visualize and conceptualize an environment differently than just where the technologist would go which is to maximize everything in the system capability. Listening to the two of you ill give another example that occurred to me and that is armed drones. Armed drones were something that the air force really didnt want to do a lot within the traditional period of the 1990s and it took a war environment, which was sort of the real world version of experimentation and evaluating war fighter needs to push first the cia and then really the air force and the services to finally overcome that bureaucratic resistance to think creatively and combine the technologist with war fighters. Hopefully we wont have as much fighting to do, god willing, in the next five, ten or 15 years. We have to figure out a way to way to figure out the innovation without the wartime push. Is that a fair example . Same question overdue. There was an event here in april with frank hendel. He is the under secretary and he went first. I asked him, how did you evaluate the strength of the american acquisition system today . He said it was pretty good, we make the best weapons of the world. I say its at least a b or an a. He gave a lot of, obviously hes pushing reform and im not saying hes complacent, but he thought we were doing pretty well. Then same question later and he said i agree with secretary for major platforms but i dont think that we do very well with electronics wherever morris law is relevant and Adaptive Software is relevant. In that kind of thing we need the reform that jim was talking about earlier. Im blending here and paraphrasing but to put the question to you, it is it fair were hearing a couple different things, this is a period of rapid innovation in some sectors and should be even faster. Youre also talking about ongoing improvements in propulsion that youve been doing for decades. That strikes me as impressive but maybe no rapid today than it was many years ago. Is the pace of innovation rapid in some areas and not others . How we think about this holistically . I would argue that the potential for revolutionary advancement is absolutely there. I think weve heard that are ready with some of the things weve talked about. Where we are though is that we have a acquisition system that is illsuited to deal with that. Why . You can sum it up in one word and thats complexity. All of the things that we talked about this morning introduce complexity. There are other things that introduce complexity. Weve heard about the various things that you can do with Additive Manufacturing. How do you manage that strategically that adds complexity to it. The more software you have the more complexity. The engineers are more complex. When you you look at all of these things together and all the other things we are doing, and thats complexity. Now add to that globalization of the Industrial Base and the supply base globalization of the Customer Base and all of these things. All of that adds complexity. Add. Add to that many of the new threats in things that are moving at different paces around the world. That all adds complexity. When you put all of this together and then, by the way, add the budget environment where in that all adds complexity. What happens happens there is the begin to add complexity and you have a system that doesnt really handle complexity very well. These things cost money and cost taxpayer money what that does is it adds risk of a version into the acquisition process and makes it very hard to introduce some of these more complex, but much more revolutionary capabilities very rapidly. We. We have no tolerance for failure. We have a system that is more willing to tolerate a budget increase than a performance shortfall. We just keep adding this and adding it until it takes longer and cost more and as a consequence is that of getting revolutionary things out there we take more riskaverse approaches and go for offtheshelf technology because they are less risky theoretically and we take more incremental approaches because i have more confidence that i will get that. Even then i take longer and cost more because of the complexity of what were dealing with. Thank you. I have one question thats derivative of all that and it does relate to the ongoing question of acquisition reform as its being considered on capitol hill. This will give anybody a chance to wants to weigh in on this to please do so. As its been explained to me, one way to think about the debate on capitol hill on why this problem is hard to fall there and for the broader Defense Community is that there are at least two competing ways to think about the number one priority of acquisition policy. One is to make sure the taxpayer doesnt get ripped off and we minimize any kind of potential for the 600 hammers of the 1980s. We want to have as much oversight to make sure that doesnt happen. Another way of thinking is no if you do that youre going to have so much regulation and deadweight sitting over Corporate America that a lot of companies are going to want to work for dod. I think i just heard you say that you would concur with the school of thought that we better be careful about over regulating and over monitoring not that were trying to encourage a lax environment but if we put too much restriction on companies there going to fail to innovate. I want to make sure i heard you write and give you a chance to say anything else you want to say about acquisition reform and then worked on the panel for other common. I think the truth is somewhere in between. I think if you deregulate too much you run the risk of the taxpayer. Id like to think on behalf of my own company but other contractors are very mindful of their customers. We take that commitment very seriously. We dont always agree on what our customer wants to do and thats a natural thing thats going to occur in any relationship like in addition to finding their right balance we need to step back and reflect on the kind of acquisition objectives we want to have with the technology to acquire things over time. It is the different kind of acquisition. To have a joint responsibility to have those have been with how these enhancements help us with budget pressures more quickly that challenges associated with how you acquire those. Is it an existing law or the culture or the nature . I am sure you say a little bit all of the above but what would that be in your mind . Said the technology in future capabilities with those constructs that we have right now, increasingly in technology then fall stakeholders with industry and government the reworking to acquire those systems. I think weve just heard that technology doesnt respect the way it is adopted the you could have an argument what era our procurement system harkens back to we need a procurement system with adaptability but whether we have enough regulation or are we acquiring the of right weapon systems . With the resources being used to deliver these systems. So with private industry and how this is being used with the department of defense. There much better at taking innovation to bring that in. In some ways it is about programs of Large Capital expenditures. Sova i was to counsel lloyd tell them to come back but the game has changed. It is about accessing the full continue on and effectively militarizing as required. But to protect taxpayer money it is about winning. A lot of folks in private industry will say with civilian technology that were losing our lead on that. But one question with those contending teams in our conversation they have the best death in a row. But at the same time to bureaucratize that we dont innovate very well weaken the eve of the glass is half full or halfempty. I would counsel congress to be optimist that is a way of life i ascribe to you cannot have everything all the time and think everything will be well all the time that could be realistic about the potential. We really do have the taxpayer in mind that seems to be a struggle with the current leadership on the hill and their understanding of the Industrial Base teaches secretary mcnamara recognize the need somebody needed to look to those logistics from 50 years ago to see that in a different light in since we have continued to see that as a way to support the mission constantly. That drives the potential solutions with the revolutionary opportunity and trusting in the entrepreneurial spirit is going to be 0k if you learn from those mistakes with the investment of technology is all worth it. With the process and the structure as has been recognized it ties up the process for the people who might have the solution would not participate which challenged congress to be optimistic to have more trust in the private sector. And what way is that congress not trusting the private sector enoughs . Because it pushes dod to use the regulated and added to procurement and needs to encourage to take advantage of commercial acquisitions . What is a specific way . This is so cumbersome the requirements donate the dont meet the needs of what is proposed. If there is a new way of solving them you have to look at it with old acquisition policies and there is the disconnect how you do that. If you dont have all of the answers at the beginning the evaluation process is not educated enough there is the fear of the process it is just the of bureaucracy to characterize it does red tape to prevent these new solutions from being applied we have a halfhour left please identify yourself. Good morning. Thanks for your comments. Women independent consultant i have the background of Life Cycle Management in the air force and i have to do with private manufacturer approval. Where is that with regard with the whole process . Budget constraints is where we looked significantly and i would like to know if you have an update. With the association of american geographers we have been big advocates as we talk about complexity and revolution and evolution how has the Defense Department been thinking about the technologys . That is a very interesting discussion i can figure out how to do in the field but the problem that you run into with Aircraft Systems there are certain characteristics you have to have. Material properties as well as surface finish and a mention maliki. If you dont have them, it fails and that is spectacular but not in a good way if you go through that process the whole idea is you have proven you can produce that part. If you decentralize that manufacturing can challenge that because how you maintain that authority to challenge for us as we stand by the quality of u. S. Parts that we cannot stand by the neb makes it very difficult to stand by our product anymore. So where we are right now it is a bureaucratic process. Talk about competition but you have to be very mindful of quality and as a look at the Additive Manufacturing that becomes even more complex. We work with universities with the research and Development Program and one of the things we have been looking at with Additive Manufacturing is have you provide the technology and the key component is the capabilities of what we need throw the navy out with the bathwater with those engineering aspects physics is not changing it is the same it is the technology for when you produce the part to put it on the airplane or the submarine you have to understand their traditional aspect how you have used that part in the past and use this new technology to create a new part whether it is the same part or three parts that you print the you have to have that background in engineering and that capability to understand how to use that the with the war fighter the question that needs to be answered is what we are working with, if you put Additive Manufacturing in the field at the combat outpost with the infantryman unit that is 30 guys then who has the capability to take the software to print the part as is needed to use the files and the data . The stem piece continues to be an area there is a growing need and there will be in need to have a specialist and a generalists to facilitate the process for the technology to be applied in a foreword or deployed setting. I guess this question is for gm. Gives some examples the way the services are using Additive Manufacturing now and what their plans are to use that technology in the coming years . Georgetown university. Looking at a different angle , through the process of the acquisition with the external factors with fighter planes and Missile Technology is the pressure to produce these products because of the vast advancement of weaponry maybe that is the process of breaking down the red tape. Lets add one more. And the former member of the Intelligence Community and state department. What is the rate of progress of our major adversaries of the Russian Federation and china . With the use of negative manufacturing of the experimentation either by a individuals or units of the inherent interest. So to have concrete examples with manufacturing machines. There is a modification of weapons rather than being massproduced and there is an example of something that was used for a helicopter made in the field. This is not new. A ship is out there in the middle of the ocean. We will come up with a solution but with this technology to talk about solutions that it can execute upon. So you have to have within the services a function of need and frankly immediate need of how to solve a problem that causes you to. A technology for word. With the Industrial Base base, that technology is fluctuating. The machines and the material is crashing. And effectively the modernization is going on that are becoming highly specialized with the competitive advantage so if i say will you tell me how to use this process he would not tell us because that is the competitive advantage but for a limited number using this there truly differentiating themselves. Frankly what is available is not up to snuff so in the commercial industrial sector , it really plays out as a commodity type of capability with materials or to seek competitive of vantage and takes a lot to lock down the process but when you do you have the advantage that is significant that justifies that capital investment. There are two key examples from manufacturing it was printing bridges for people for many years almost 30, with the evolution of Additive Manufacturing there is a great opportunity there and medical Services Continue to provide that lack of infection with a traumatic brain injury but what i mentioned earlier the special operations that was deployed in afghanistan infantry units were given a flashlight and there was the exterior button every time there would watch it would click on and off if you are familiar with night ritual that is rule number one do not turn on your light so they said we need a cover. So they produced a cover and printed them in the field and provided them immediately. That is a key example of the aspect of it. And continuing on at the services theyre pushing the envelope constantly because primarily they are the war fighters they dont want to put up with those impediments to abort the mission so they push the technology so they try to help them see the cost of services to have a comprehensive strategy for this technology. If youre talking, trouble talking about global technology. It is hard to answer directly but i will touch on both. There is a lot of investment of russia and china that has been fairly public a lot of articles about the commercial side to develop the propulsion capability. So clearly that bears watching. If you are watching the remarks we have a 2 Million Investment meanwhile we are struggling in other areas. Why is that . To recognize as say differentiator for the United States. That is why keeping it that way is a good reason for that. Is remarkable historically we can rise to the occasion to have a national imperative going back to world war ii the things going on was from the defensive Industrial Base to punch them off the production line day after day after day for the government and Industrial Base. Fast forward once that was launched, we took off. We were putting people on the moon and that was just one part from the cold war and the Technology Technological of finance from a national imperative so where read today . Reconsider going on in russia and china to look at the Defense Strategy is it the imperative . You might argue not yet. Are we headed in that direction . Maybe. From Additive Manufacturing and the perspective we are using that very extensively and far more cost effectively. We are talking about modifying a system by using the infrastructure and experimenting with far more sophisticated materials as well. But when it comes to the pace of our adversaries i am very optimistic from what is occurring right now. Only a few minutes into the conversation with the conversation about whether were going or what were doing so the same thing. They are very keen to make sure that costs serving saving is occurring. I have seen good conversations coming across. Im not suggesting they were not met with the amount of intensity. One more round of questions. I will say that the general will be here tuesday at 3 00 but that is an opportunity may mayor may not have another opportunity on cspan2 say thankyou to all of our military leaders as we see the joint chiefs of staff and the chief of Naval Operations they appear to be changing as the navy is in transition but i am sure we all want to thank the generals and the admirals but all the men and women who have served with them through the intense period of military activity and service for our country. Keep a round of applause also for the wonderful military leaders as it is a historic moment to simultaneously bring it home. So now three last questions with a finalround. Thank you for a very informative session here today. My question is related to jim to talk about the application of Additive Manufacturing with logistics. Day you see much evidence how Additive Manufacturing is changing design philosophy . Are people starting to design for Additive Manufacturing . I want to ask what initiatives you see under dod funding or other departments for Additive Manufacturing . And for example, as setting up a National Network for innovation glading dod gave them a fair amount of money could you comment on how that is going but are there other issues like that coming down the pipeline . You mentioned adversaries are moving away from the hardware approach to have digital thingness earlier in the cycle. Could you elaborate . And the implications for how they do business in that field . Those were very succinctly so we will have one more question and then wrap up. I am a soldier so my a remarks are my own. Could i get remarks to 3d printing and materials . We heard about components and parts but what about individual cartridges for soldiers weapons or drop munitions to be tailored more efficiently placed in the hands of the war fighters saw opportunities and efforts and the merits of this research and Defense Industry and Academic Partnerships that we could leverage the graduate students. Thank you. Let see if we cover most of the question. With regards to the joysticks, the key parts that we see is turning it on its head and say you create the part that news tended to manufacturing or it is sent out into the field if you push the entire thing for word with the machine in the field printing in the field youre just truncating the entire process then you know, exactly where it is so the potential there is great and significant to condense the supply chain. Looking a reduction of inventory, all the money spent for the up parts and to house them but is there a business to truncate that . And with regard to the question about Academic Partnerships, a lot of universities work with organizations like myself and in Youngstown Ohio ohio, there is an initiative born out of the dod bringing industry and academia and the department of defense to have a conversation to put the technology for word through the acquisition process to introduce that entrepreneurial spirit the focus primarily just on the technology of the 3d printing. They may not have a familiarity with the dod contracting process so we are helping to facilitate that conversation there are things theyre doing directly like the Virginia Tech for penn state labs and their investments theyre making to work collaborative the for the potential implications and where you can find efficiencies or components that could be printed and then we do a lot of work to take those questions to invest our own funding to answer those questions for the graduate students and those programs still have the traditional manufacturing and engineering background but are advancing it how these are designed in 3d howd you look at a part and put them together to how they can be printed. I would like to address the question around design of Additive Manufacturing i would characterize it to be an art but not a science. It needs to take a job for word. Neece to catch up with the technology there is the lack of technology to be digitally optimal as it is referred to. So when composites came into aerospace there was the incredible adoption cycle of getting a composite education have flourished that took decades, really. Some of that is going on for added manufacturing. But there are to interesting things. The first is where designs are coming from. We hear them running on gentians or parts so where your to go for solutions but the second that those who embark on the manufacturing path to lay out the economics to change the part i just want to build it at a point of use with the logistical requirements for a disappearing source of parts. Etc. What is the implications as the front end of this system . To piggyback a couple of decades, the enthusiasts that had these scanners, you could figure out what you want to listen to go to your Electronics Store you could plug in the crystal and if you could change your mind than to go back to the store. For those frequencies such to understand that. The reason to converting into a format and much, much earlier. And to change to the radio but the software is not going down the road. You can extrapolate from their. And perhaps across different radio formats. For those that you want to bridge to make that connection no curve. Ocher. That is part of sensibility or loss. Excellent. I appreciate that relationship with that 3d manufacturing to make that replica. There are a lot of acadia is going back to the question and design and manufacturing that is the real opportunity because it opens up a whole new way to make things that can cost less or take less time to eliminate at of my paid manufacturing line and frankly it just makes the product better. I dont put things in other places i cannot remove it later on. I have design flexibility. I have a program of a major component of a military engine on test me make parts using Additive Manufacturing with the implementation and by doing that i dont have to add things to disrupt the performance it makes it better. That is wary we need to go. It is an art right now. You think of physics that you cannot push on a rope but the way we think of our problems and analysis, we have to rethink not only how we make things but how we design them and analyze them to take full advantage of that. The opportunities like the initiatives of Additive Manufacturing. America continues to get this started. Because we are here talking about it because others are heavily engaged. But the part of that universities are a huge part of that. To have the relationship naturally being a connecticutbased company company, we were gone that. If you talk to Different Companies you will hear similar stories with their universities specifically for that reason. There is a huge opportunity there and only a matter of time before we get there. Thanks for being here and please join me. [applause] Homeland Security secretary john send briefly talk about terrorism and said for security and immigration at the aspen security forum. He was interviewed by a new yorker correspondent. This is 45 minutes. [applause] thanks to the Aspen Institute for having me back. We are lucky to have the homeland secretary johnson. As i was preparing for this there are two things that struck me as the most interesting i dont know where to start with the secretary at the pentagon he was involved in the issues that the Obama Administration inherited from the Bush Administration and he was responsible the last legal word on every drones strike under the theaters of war under the pentagon and in charge figuring out how to shut down guantanamo. The list goes on and on. With your job and makes you realize you had another institution with a lot of problems but you were on offense to homelands security to play defense. Start by telling us what are the lessons you learned with the issues that the pentagon . And the differences to the sprawling d chess with hundreds of thousands of employees . That have been smashed together and that transition a big question. First of all, impression in that 19 months into that job i work with terrific people. First of all, i want to mention it is great to be back at aspen. My third year in a row. I appreciate all the great work that goes into preparing best along with the others. A lot of people in this room that i consider my personal heroes and i hope you have had a chance to meet our new dhs team. The undersecretary taylor and undersecretary for management, a tsa administrator who was confirmed a couple of weeks ago but everybody has had a chance along with other dhs people here. You are correct. Part of what i did at the senior Legal Counsel at the department of defense was to sign off on a lot of Counterterrorism Operations the the the eye to it that seriously. And that was on offense taking the fight to the enemy overseas. Homeland security, by its nature, defending our borders, maritime, aviation, for its, cybersecurity, a fort and it would seem if we are on defense. In fact, there are ways we can be on offense. So i am pushing our people very aggressively on different things. For example, aviation and security, i want us to build more aviation and security on the front end of a flight to build a customs capability on the the front end so us use screen people. There are a lot of people overseas that have indicated interest to work with us. And cybersecurity, we are on the accelerated timetable to build additional capabilities to block more intrusions into enhance the continuous diagnostics and mitigation practices. I want to get to to 100 percent civilian by the end of the year and the mission to make the Department Function most efficiently. That is what were doing so we have a lot of initiatives out there. And in many respects i believe my job is to be on offense to stay one step ahead. You have talked about the new normal. Tell us what the new normal is and in the context of the threat from isis. Over the last 14 years since then 11 we have seen the core al qaeda thomas d. Al qaeda officiated elements of al shabaab which while i was at dod we were focused on with counterterrorism efforts. We have done a lot to degrade al qaeda through efforts and done all lot to degrade hqhp and al shabaab but now the threat has devolved in a very significant way from those groups to more groups with isil is the most prominent example, and it has evolved from terrorist directed, attacks to inspired attacks. I disagree of little bit with jim last night that i think the distinction between terrorists directed or inspired is significant what people need to understand. Why we are where we are in our efforts. If you catalog those and to europe, they almost fit neatly into one of two boxes with an operative who has been recruited a trained, i directed to some place else to commit a terrorist attack which very often involve a home grown or home born threat and the individual has never come facetoface with isil and vetted is inspired by the effective use of social media to commit an attack for a smallscale attack. The American People need to wonder stand how we have revolved because it does the fault of government approach and a lot of domestic based efforts in addition to the work of the fbi to take the fight to the enemy overseas. We have enhanced federal protective services and federal buildings around the country, a presence rights outside here that i dont think was your last year. In addition to the three wild bears carry out my door last night. [laughter] to enhance the be sent security overseas. With frank taylor of leadership, enhancing the information sharing with state and local Law Enforcement which dos crucial. That is important to to share what we see and what we know with state and local Law Enforcement so they have the big picture. We have enhanced domestically. That is the First Priority of mine i have met with the Muslim Leaders around the country. Before that i appreciate your security detail because i am in the seat next to you. [laughter] but the difference between the threat from al qaeda or a threat from isis. Directed verses self motivated, isnt the of random order lone wolf a better problem than the capabilities of al qaeda with the Self Directed threats with spectacular attacks or does isis move in that same direction . I will answer this way. We are facing the prospects of smaller scale attacks giving me how this is evolving, we face the prospect day to day. As jim pointed out, i would not have considered chattanooga tennessee to be a highrisk area. We are facing smaller scale attack sitter harder to detect day to day. The alarming longerterm phenomenon to be concerned about with isil anytime a terrorist organization with that level of resources in excess of 30,000 fighters pouring into syria with that level to establish territory to establish that caliphate so that this very Large Organization can send operatives it is said huge concern. That is the longerterm phenomenon why were taking the fight to them. And what we see day to day. The first question to counter violence and extremism it is a criticism of the term itself why do you describe this as violence extremism and refuse to use the phrase islamic extremism . What is the distinction youre trying to get out there . I believe strongly and i hear this over and over again from Muslim Leaders in this country. To refer to isil as islamic extremism comet it dignifies them as occupying some part of the Islamic State which is about peace. So when i go into these in engagements. Tell everybody what you are talking about. Countering violence and extremism. I did not invent this this is the fbi but i have taken it on as a personal mission we go to a round table and have discussions with groups between 50 and 100 people. Boston, of brooklyn brooklyn, maryland brooklyn, maryland, chicago, columbus, minneapolis, houst on los angeles a one to get to every single metropolitan area that has a significant Muslim Population to talk to Muslim Community leaders about helping us if they see somebody going in the wrong direction. As jim said last night, it is almost the case there is someone else who knows. We have seen somebody who has intervened and we need to see more of that. Is a twoway conversation where people in the community have issues they want to talk to me about i am responsible for enforcement of immigration and laws and their pores but they want to talk to read and i want to talk to them about helping us help them with the homelands security efforts and it is your homeland to. People hear that message to build trust or relationships with the local sheriff for police chief with the fbi office. We are getting some push back. There is a the countering our countering extremism so that is our you know, you are having an impact. We are making progress per car would like to see us take our efforts to the next level. Talk about that counter message. It is not something domestically for the government but it does exist , it needs a larger platform and a larger microphone. So in the next phase is to ring gauge the foundation that supports this effort here in the United States. We want to engage the hightech sector to help with messaging but i think cve is fundamental to our efforts. At these engagements engagements, whether some of the americans in minneapolis or syria or pakistan a, what i hear consistently comair respective of these groups is isil is trying to hijack my religion. We cannot let them do that. If you called them is lawmaking anything read dignify them to occupy a part so reentered these communities were getting nowhere. But doesnt the government denied the religious component by not using the word islamic . I assume your analysts are trained to understand the dimensions of this kind of violence. But tucson people live sounds like Political Correctness that we are missing an important component if we dont describe this. I could not disagree more. Isil. Is called the Islamic State. Many people believe it is not deserve to be called the islamic gore a stage but i think to a non dash isil would like to be referred to as islamic extremism because it does occupy of legitimacy some form of islam which is about peace. It is critical in order to build our relationship and level of cooperation with the islamic community, we have to say we understand what this terrorist organization is no part of your religion. Some people believe what we are witnessing is a civil war within is long. That is not your view at all . I think isil believes what it is doing is driven by their religion. The muslims that i know and have spent a lot of time with an this country believe the opposite. To hit is important to remember is lomb is one of the largest religions in in the world of terrorist and criminals does not represent the overwhelming majority and what they believe islam is all about. Have we overstated death threat from jihad is them in the United States . We have to tragic events then youre times recently reported on findings from the new America Foundation that since an 11 9 11 more attacks that challenges the assumptions so how is dhs grappling with the home grown extremism according to reporting that local Law Enforcement is more concerned about than anything coming from the middle east. Local Law Enforcement should be concerned about mass shootings, rampages, of multi victim acts of violence. Oh lots of grant making, we put out over 2 billion per year that goes to readiness, First Responder equipment, active Shooter Training that can be useful and a variety of different mass casualty situations. Those that were used at the Boston Marathon was funded by our department but a lot of that same equipment could be just as effective and any mass shooting event is respective. Our mission at ths is largely protecting our borders, land sea, and air. But you will have the threat as it evolves and the effectiveness of terrorist groups ability to send of message through social media that is a mission that dhs and lawenforcement must undertake. But to find white supremacist groups that were more focused on that . There have ben more from that threat and jihadism. We do spend and invest considerable resources to track violence domestic base groups that have the purpose and we do so very effectively and we have to be mindful of that. The cornerstone is counterterrorism that has evolved to a place where we have to be mindful of the overseas terrorist organization inspired attack that is part of our mission mission, given how it is evolving moving more closely to the act of terrorism so there is of mission for both ths and lawenforcement. Talking about physis to control territory in the middle east, then 9 11 report core recommendation never ever should the United States led a group like al qaeda or affiliates gained territory. Never let them build a state that is when it has the resources to launch a spectacular attack against us. You were at the pentagon with the troops in iraq and to say you could have prevented the rise of vice is a free left more troops into iraq. Du believe the Obama Administration could have prevented isis . Space to engaged in secondguessing but the direction that we have taken with their efforts i do believe any time a terrorist organization sets up a caliphate to establish a territory that needs to be a Huge National security concern to provide the basis for a lot of bad things and it is difficult to root out once they have the apple. The best approaches to keep them on the running them where they live and train that is what we need to continue to do. Is there a military component we have not pursued that you would . We continue through efforts build and support International Coalition to take on isil and. Through the efforts of the department of defense to train them so in that respect the National Security military peace is unnecessary. Ill ask you another version of the question of last night. Under their current agreement that iran will receive a influx of cash from frozen accounts this is the number one state sponsor of terrorism in the world. How is dhs preparing for the changes that are about to take place . For those that are not happy with the deal will make a show of aggression. How do they prepare for that if at all . I will give you a version of his answer. [laughter] through the intelligence component, we keep a close eye on the overseas threat. But one thing that strikes me since then 11 i believe we have, a long way with the level of sophistication and the ability to attract potential from overseas that it is an open exercise to sort out what to israel so we have developed good capabilities to detect efforts. Grade to have the of problem of going dark very definitely. We have to have a balanced solution to that problem. The good news is the intelligence capabilities is pretty sophisticated. Since you are responsible for. That is why we are concerned how this is evolving because now with the homegrown threats that is harder to detect in many respects. Switching to of a topic the temperature is easier easier, immigration. [laughter] there is a lot of discussion in the public recently if you turn on cnn about Illegal Immigrants coming into the country to commit crimes. Watch are the facts or the numbers or the trendline for crime in america right now . Interesting, a few years ago there was a poll of the American Public to ask do you believe more or less people are coming into our country than 10 years ago . 55 percent said more when it is far less. Because we have invested so much as a nation and in our government with borg on the dash Border Security, the Border Patrol is now the most fun it has ever been funded it has ever ben. Of the total attendance to cross the border have gone down to dramatically. That is the best indicator we have. A the high was 2000 at 1. 6 million. I am on a mission to put the facts out there then it has been down around 450,000. This year it was considerably less than that the current pace continues the lowest number since the early 70s. With total apprehensions on the southern border. Also because the economy is improving. That is correct because apprehensions correlate to how the economy is doing if it gets better more people want to come here. So no apprehensions are going down. At the same time, there is a report that was released today that is a nonpartisan entity that indicates that a realignment of priorities we are focused on the threats so we want to get back those criminals that are undocumented to remove them as opposed to somebody who has committed no serious crime. Part of that effort is the new Enforcement Program which is usually controversial such as San Francisco with the killing of kate is a tragedy but also in my judgment exhibit say why we knew the priority enforcement bill to work with Law Enforcement for those who are undocumented. Whose fault her killer was released . There is an elaborate time line for what happened here but the fact is he was deported five times and prosecuted multiple reentry reentry, three times and serving his sentence the federal bureau of prisons and personnel plus a detainer on him and then transferred to the San Francisco sheriff he headed the cater on him there which was not honored and he was released. For new program if it works effectively, i believe it will would have had different results where the sheriff would have given notice they are about to release somebody who is not documented and would have gone straight to west never hitting the streets. That is what the new program is intended to do to promote public safety. We are working with jurisdictions getting a good reception from a lot of mayors and cherubs and a governors and we will be a better place. Donald trump is going down today. He asked to meet with officials. But could you tell your boys and what would the message be what he does are does not understand about the immigration problem in this country . I am not in the business of giving advice to candidates for president. A lot of people go to the southern border, members of congress, i want them to see their good work of the immigration and personnel and Border Patrol. The facts are that comprehensive apprehensions have gone way down, we are better at Border Security than we used to be the undocumented population has stopped growing it used to be over 12 million now it is 11. Three and more than half this bin year over 10 years. Theyre not going away no administration will deport them because they dont have the resources to do that. So we have to reckon with them one way or another. The California Supreme Court says the undocumented immigrant has the right to practice law. And we are focusing a Forest Resources that is what we need to do. Which by the way i have a harder time doing if congress does not repeal sequestration. When my friends in in congress are here later this week, i hope someone will ask them how do expect homelands security to do all the things you want them to do if you are decapitating there budget . Day you have a followup on donald trump . [laughter] i am from bloomberg. Thank you for your service. I want to talk about guantanamo we all read the articles now the result of a new plan or initiative and try to close it but there is always too big obstacles of can we safely release or repatriate to or resettle those . That is something you dont with very closely and can we keep the ones that we cannot let go . What is your response . What is different now . The Defense Department has ben wary to sign off on any release. What is the likelihood it will actually get done . The population at guantanamo win this a administration came into office was 246 now it is less than half. With the security assurances we have moved detainees to Different Countries we have about 115 left at this point that are probably the toughest cases. In my view and in the view of a lot of other people people, there will come a point saloon where it makes no sense from a fiscal standpoint to keep this recruitment tool and what represents to the u. S. Prestige. Is is still a recruiting tool . Has been and continues to be a black mark on what this country should be about. But in addition the numbers are getting so well what does not make fiscal sense to keep the hugely expensive facility opened in cuba. We ought to have a plan to transfer the remaining detainees to the United States with appropriate protections, a consistent with a lot of those that can be prosecuted should be and eventually those that can be transferred should be. It is the situation we have to grapple with costing millions of dollars to house these people in cuba when there are more effective ways to do that. Will the president be able to make good on his promise . I know from numerous conversations the president is very committed and does not want to leave this to his successor and a matter who that maybe. Steve shapiro. Many attendees your note i work with and organization as the executive for National Security finishing a multiyear study with the process and procedures with the chart aspects of the world that you lived in. One of the major findings there are dozens of domestic entities and across the board many are in in your agency and many of them are not. There is no Central Enterprises like hard working agencies and in that regard as you know, with the Intelligence Community that many are on the domestic side including the fbi or da but a number of entities performing security that are not included many the director of National Intelligence does not have the ability to help coordinate a unified mission plan. In your agency alone customs importer protection protection, immigration. Thank you very much. You know, where i am headed wide you consider those cetera outside to be included inside . There is the intelligence capability of Border Security for example, the vision and the to Border Security such that it does not need to become part of the larger group there are some components of what is unique to the onset of missions but we are in my department moving away from the stove pipes. With a unity of the efforts and i announced one year ago to bring more centralized Decision Making with budget acquisition we require the joint initiative at reform so one of the other things we have done is a southern Border Campaign strategy which is modeled on a combat and commander perch where we bring them to bear all parts of teeeight chessman now have a jury to and does a joint task force headed by commander harris that coordinates all efforts and also Border Security and that is the direction i have charged hour of leaders to go in and more focus on how we do our job. But with 22 components is has been around just 12 years so i want to see us bring together in a more strategic way Border Security efforts and intelligence collection of budget making and acquisition as the overall direction and we have made progress over the last year so that their runs and it works for a the American People. This is what were doing to bring that about. We have time for one more. Fox news. How Many Americans have successfully reached syriac . Site here upwards of 250 and it has a compelling message so why isnt the u. S. Governments message not more effective . Though last number that i saw of those who have left or attempted to leave was i believe over the next two years are 200 and i am not sure of the exact numbers. The message that isil puts out combines violence, it has a very western appeal. It says join us to brand itself as a form of islam that i believe is illegitimate and has a lot of appeal to a young person who may be prone to violence or looking for it so there is a counter message that is developed but i think part of that has to be more than dont do this. There has to be a positive aspect to show people a different way they can channel their energy. So i believe that message is being developed but it needs a broader platform that is fundamental to the homelands security efforts. The last thing one to say to the distinguished group is my overall assessment of where we are in our efforts with the threat we face this is what i say continuously continuously, we have to find the right balance between basic physical security aviation, Border Security or cybersecurity where that means you go on and your system and there is no access to the outside world living in a prison. Nobody wants that the most important part is to preserve what is great in this country. In every message to the public that i deliver, i say the public should continue to go to defense whether july 4th because the nature but it gets nowhere if people refuse to to be terrorized. So the Boston Marathon it is no accident become back twice as strong with more runners the following year and examples all over. Of u. S. Military in Oklahoma City that is the greatness of this country. I hope you will encourage and dash tin tin you to encourage the public to celebrate his great country. [applause] [inaudible conversations] a former Deputy Defense secretary for middle east policy discusses the Iran Nuclear Agreement featuring john mclaughlin. This an hour. [inaudible conversations] good afternoon. I enlisted in the World Studies Department in london also a scholar and i am delighted to introduce the session on iran and the bomb. To witness the deal with iran. However questions remain is this the new engagement with iran . Choruses in is said and appeasement and what does this mean for the region . And death among the team changing of their threats but we are constrained on ambitions but we have michael crowd the was a Senior Correspondent from washington. And chief chat Time Magazine reporting more than a dozen countries including iraq china israel pakistan, afghanistan pakistan, afghanistan, mexic o, saudi arabia lot, lebanon and ukraine. Thanks for coming. [applause] i am glad to see a turnaround if you decide to skip out early you are making a great. And we will try to go on and for what the air rand deal means. We will talk about the mechanics the levy introduced the panelist starting on my left is a former Deputy Director of the cia al from the Merrill Center of international studies. Matthew recently departed the pentagon and also a former special assistant to the president and National Security advisers and president is sealed was spent 25 years in government including vice chair of the intelligence council. Back in washington secretary kerrey got a grilling from the Senate Committee he was told he was weekend bamboozled end of a guest who left with the road on his back. Do you agree . [laughter] get us your take. Leaving aside the details of centrifuges and percentages of the enrichment material i would say it is not as bad as the critics think but it is not as good a deal as we would like. On the whole is better to have the deal then not and i can see that unfolding in three different scenarios to 31 tellers do they know exactly where this will go is delusional. I think it is better to have it and not. We will get a preview on the record. Given me your initial take on the deal. I think it is a remarkable all diplomatic achievement and to make 200 choices but looking through the prism of the dynamics of Regional Security . Once we get past the period of theatrics and if they trust the iranians or not, they will accept it is a positive for the region. But to be pretty ambitious take from something you wrote in april you said it is a great opportunity with the arab world to strike a new bargain. Can you explain what you mean can you expect cooperation with theres so much sectarian conflict . It is an agreement on only some of the behavior refined problematic but it is about the behavior that is harmful to American Interest to have obligations if iran went further along the path but the countries in the region were telling us it was the existential threat to them. So then we have a very robust strategy with our partners and got a to the finish line to prevent iran from becoming a weapons state over a decade. It is a little confusing to me in the other reasons of turmoil and trust is creating an environment people roam the booking at the downside. When i tried to is look at the horizon after that initial period how might that change regional relations . It should be a net security benefit to know there is not another Nuclear Weapons states to this not the first time United States tried to help the countries to establish of better motive but were already seeing the saudis to read calibrate how they talk about longterm relations with iran. First, i did you expected deal to come through . The president said less than 50 50 proposition. Were you surprised . What should re think about . Thanks for having me. The one conclusion i am pretty certain had the negotiations ben in aspirin they would still be going on because nobody would dare one to leave. [laughter] but i was pessimistic because there wasnt sure if the iranians to get to the place they need to be. With the pressure they were under and the degradation as results of sanctions and the election that shows the distractions and dissatisfaction internally it was not clear if they could reach that plays. But what i think right now at the very most it is the end of the beginning it is one important step for things that need to happen next what i am most concerned about is verification and inspection and manhattans if there is cheating and recognizing and a arms control agreement is dealing with that but the Nuclear Pieces one part of broader issues and to focus is how to deal with the other behavior and how do we think of a strategy . That is a terrific achievement but to ask as you come in to see Prime Minister netanyahu. What you think those conversations were like . What does he tell them he has not heard 50 times . What i sense would have happened almost 38 times in the last three years with my job is that something similar to what they heard before because it has the advantage to be very true that the United States knows iran is more than arms control. Iran has regional hegemonic ambitions with terrorist attacks and have been reported of cyberattacks the largest conventional military in the region. This means United States is not going anywhere just because the deal was signed. In some sense thankfully the likelihood has decreased and them to get a weapon has to radically inclined, the message to both that a United States will have to wait. We have significant military resources, 34,000 stationed and over 10,000 are at the most advanced aircraft or missiles offense for a technology that region has ever known. That is not going anywhere and because of that a huge amount of manifestation of americas commitment to reduce the range of irans behavior. To show the deterrents for the cost of that spirit talk about the Intelligence Community. Theres two different kinds or maybe two different conversations. One is the close monitoring and the question of verification. The other is the analysis of internal policy and wind direction and it is headed to the extent people would place a bet to we really have flexibility . Once you take on the first part, the role of the Intelligence Community will have to backstop the deal that the administration can not. Before i do that. Ran ted talked with someone but as far as i can tell for example, that shortterm vintage but after the 90 days transition period, is that all works out the deal does not take effect for a while yet. There is a lot of steps in between there will be less nuclear capable. There were three months away but of the firstever super, there will be one year away so they recognize the longterm. We can talk about that at the end 15 years the game is up. With your question, i think what we will see, let me make clear i am not speaking for the Intelligence Community by not giving away something i should not but i probably will. [laughter] you will see this energy unfold between the intelligence world and the world of the inspection not to say that is dependent on intelligence entirely, but to look very carefully and iranian behavior and we are predicted at this to detect suspicious activity. I would remind samizdat had any agreement to stop the Nuclear Activity and in 2002 we detected they are trying and using plutonium so intelligence would be very good. I want to say a few words about the iadb a. There probably overmanned at this time but the iaea has the record by virtue at some point in the next three months excepting the Additional Protocol to the nonproliferation treaty to be much more intrusive than and up and tell now that is something best advantage. If you look at even the issue, here is where the problem will come the first time you detect suspicious activity and iran does not want us to look there there is a in a leveraged procedure over 24 days of negotiation about whether we can look there and everybody assumes they would sanitize the site and then there is nothing there. But i have a pretty good record at that sort of thing. But there are instances where they have gone in after the case of syria after israel had bombed to detect that activity had been under way because it is of various things that could be suspected of so when an iran was lying to us about the electrical factory that was nuclear related. Intelligence and inspection part of this i think will be pretty effective but i also suspect theres a place work breakdown. Because of iranian objectives to somewhere we want to go and one of the most worrisome aspects of the suspected program was a place at park in. It was thought they were doing conventional explosive