To Hudson Institute. Im flexing your fellow here who focuses on northeast asia economics and technology issues. Thank you for going yesterday for our important event titled furthering u. S. Japan collaboration on Communication Security. Communications is essential to our modern economies as themando increase. There are, of course, a lot of concerns about the diversity ofs infrastructure whether it is undersea cables, satellites, various as open ram and the security, Cyber Security throughout these systems. Weve pulled together an excellent panel today to talk about this. Folks from both the u. S. And japan who are experts in thisdi, i should say, coming from various different agencies and organizations. But we will do is i will give brief introductions and then allow them to share their wisdom. Afterwards, we will open up for questions and answers from the audience. I encourage everyone to think about what they would like to ask. And that will be it. Up first, to my left we have the Deputy Director general for International Economic affairs in the Global Strategy Bureau of japans ministry of internal affairs and communications. Thank you for organizing our get together today. These topics are what japan and the u. S. Have been working together, should continue to do so, and i am pleased to share my perspective today. In the world we live in today, i. T. Technology is indispensable and pervasive in our life. Infrastructures such as mobile Communications Networks play a crucial rolas our social and ecc activities. It is becoming so to speak the basis of the nations existencej the sophistication sophistication of our i. T. Infrastructure and the wispread use of Digital Services have led to an increase of dataflow. If data flows national borders,■ the distribution increased four point seven times in 2017 and 2021. Technology in recent years is expected to further increase traffic. This demonstrates how important the i. T. Sector is and the importance of international collaboration. We believe twoare important for international telecommunications. First is building secure, robust ecosystems including promoting trustworthy supplies by trusted entities. The second is streng connectivih deploying networks. Technology, i will particularly focus on 5g and other important infrastructure such submarine cables and the nonterrestrial network. Abbreviation ntn. With 5g network we understand openness and interoperability essential. In Radio Access Network open lan, enables building mobile networks by combinineqrs, leadio stable procurement and cost reductions. ■ legacy system l. A. D where a se vendor provides proprietary radio hardware for it, software and interfaces allowingrk to fu. However, perspective applications. Often interruptible aperture can provide more vendor options and brings more competitive and diverse supply chains. In terms of the security aspect, quad Security Networks last year, it explains that the security risks lead to technologies, account for only 4 of the entire system. R that e risks can be mitigated to hrough appropriate measures such as following the checklist attached. Ates suggest open l. A. And will reduce Energy Consumption by a maximum of 50 . It is good that we have been observing adoption of 4g and 5g commercial network in japan, and the u. K. , germany and in the United States. Open lan, we see opportunities for bilateral cooperation between japan and the u. S. In supporting deployment in countries and in continuing to promote the importance of openness and interoperability. We have collaby occasions, to interagency cooperation and the government between cooperation. The futurei. Infrastructure is not limited to terrestrial mobile communications. We Network Vision for beyond 5g, 6g, which is not only extension of 5g. Last year the g7 Technology Ministry meeting released the vision for fure networbeyond th. Tech leaders agreed Network Connectivity senhanced through d deploying multilateral networks with terrestrial networks suchad nonterrestrial networks, such as low orbit satellite and High Altitude platform station. Recoe importance of seamless interoperability between these networks. It is saidhat submarine cables account for 99 of national are very important for ensuring improved digital connectivity. It is necessary to secure safe routes cables and diversity of redundancy and promote cable installation. Maintenance and operations. If we believe Network Coverage threedimensional ntn, we will become crucially infrastructure. An example ir countries with the last months joint statement between those principals for 6g and advances standardization of 6g technology. Along with principles■n■ inclug satellite. Happ is uca mountain based platform that floats in the stratosphere. It oers low latency with 200 kilometer in diameter. At a low cost than satellite connections. 5g and future beyond 5 6g services can also be provided through happs. Companies in japan successfully demonstrated 5g communications, using commercially available smart phone terminals. Llite constellation where is a system in which a number of satellites are launched in low earth orbit and operate in unison to enable highspeed large Capacity Communications via satellite. In the future, decby ground ters smartphonessi expected to become a reality. Generally, over this year, we have just started the production the introduction of satellites and communications in japan. We bel communication with satellites will contribute to Network Resilience with multilayer and wide area coverage. It can also provide a means of communication in times of emergencies such as building such as during natural disasters. To maintain a free and open cyberspace, it is essential to ensure the safety and resilience of our infrastructure. But technology is evolving at an increasing pace, so inolution, governments cannot handle it alone. It is important to work closely with industry, academia, society and institutes. Initially it will remain committed to international cooperation. Thank you for your kind attention. Thank y, were excellent remarks. Yeah, it really is enduring how much work the u. S. And japan have been doing in ict, and for you mentioned the joint statement endorsing principles for 6g. Theres recently a new dialog on Digital Economy between the United States anjaaker, mr. Conan can enlighten us from his id like to thank the Hudson Institute and Riley Walters for giving us an opportunity to underscore the nature of collaboration between japan and the United States on digital i word like to publicly acknowledge the leaders on common issues without his leadership we would not be able to advance as rapidly as we have and Work Together on both policy and programs. I thk we share a common vision devoted that the devoted to the notion that the internet should be open, reliable, secure and perable. And thats built on a foundation of trust. So there are three elements in the policy set that describes the first of those is infrastructure supply. By that, i mean sourcing and equipment and code from countries that have independent judiciary, due process procedures, effective institutions, that allow one to have their privacy protected, that allow businesses to have their intellectual property protected and allow stat have their National Security protected as a consequence of using those networks. T its the countrys institutions, not the company involved, not the product line, that defines trusted supply as we see it. The second aspect of our policy set s s vendor diversity, that is the among various vendors of code and equipment. The code part is important because we know industry engineers often tell us in our conversations that we will see increasedalization of the Radio Access Network starting now. So we will be moving away from hardware to softwarebased systems increasingly. The vendor diversity has multiple advantages, in addition to those underlined, there is omic development and growth that occurs when you have more innovation provided by small medium and large ,hj businesses in the ecosystem. There is increased price competition because more than one supplier is meeting your Radio Access Network beads. That prevents vendor lockin, so you can■s usually 7 to 10 years depreciation period. Youre not waiting for the edu this will become increasingly important as we approach the beyond 5g, 5g policy and engineering set. The third pillan of the trusted supply argument across the ict ecosystem. Its a holistic approach to trusted supply to involve not only wireless butboth undersea. Data centers and Cloud Services and, leo. Why . It really makes no sense to be focused exclusively on wireless if the data centers that store our information aralso not secured. If the submarine cables, by industry estimates carrying as much as 99 of our information internationally are not also secured, and if the leo and geo satellites that receive and send signals are not secure. Its a matter of logic. We have an advantage by the simple and plain fact that matching our bilateral cooperation between the u. S. And japan is a very rich binational cooperation. And thats commercial. I give to you, for exampan is j, theres a problem called orex which involves 10 major u. S. Companies providing code and equipment to deployments with ntk docomo, announced with nec on february 26th oth extended globally. So we will soon see more global footprint to this Work Together. Id like to give you two examples of our collaboration. One is the open lan economy in manila which has trained upwards of a thousand engineers and the next generation of leaders in the field in the open approach to technology. The notion is we shouldnt just be focused on deployment, but the skill needed like the phillipines to engage producttively in this infrastructure. Second, pleased to let you know that the bureau of cyber space and digital policyanks to cong wisdom has been resourced to fund to provide our partners and allies access to this technology. We have the digital connectivity and cybersecurity program. And we have roughly 50 of the ch act funds devoted to itc infrastructure issues, upwards of 50 million a year for the next five years. H constructively with partners around the globe. We have had ict secure road shows in poland, india, south africa and most recently vietnam. And we have had intermittent intimate involvement of both japanese policymakers dade a crl difference because voices in the they were hood in places like vietnam are providing a window into the future and opportunities that exist today. Riley made a reference to the issues which we enjoy with japan. Let me turn briefly to that and give you a sense of some of the positive outcomes from our most recent dialogue. The first is the focus on International Standards which includes an existing u. S. Japan Global DigitalTechnology Partnership to advance our collaborative Work Together on secure telecommunications we have the pleasure of sharing chairing that particular mechanism on at least a quarterly basis. Se trusted deployment of ict infrastructure in third countries, especially 5g and■ open ran as well as undersea , cables. Ive referenced the work were doing together in the philippines and under the quad and the pacific country of palou, is the beneficiary on open ran field deployment further on this calendar year. Further work is under consideration for undersea of 5n ran systems. ÷ next in the dialogue agreement on promoting support for responsible Ai Governance including through the hiroshima ai by japan so ably during the 2023 g7 presidency and that italy is currently advancing further at the g7 ministerial actually just last week. Japan and the United States also concurred on the importance of protecting data and privacy,clue adoption of crossborder rules, or cbpr, to authorize operational certification of companies globally. We also concurred in our desire shared to leverage t unions and our respective japanese and u. S. Leadership in that bodyo build coalitions and advance common interest. The world telecommunication system will be meeting in delhi later in the year. Our work on those issues is ongoing. We worked to expand cybersecurity Capacity Building with partner countries seeking that typethe collaboration must. Finally well support digital freedoms, including the use of practices such as misinformation, disinformation, commercial spywa harassment that inhibit our freedoms. With that ill close and pass it back to riley. , that was wonderful. You mentioned a lot about the efforts and collaboration of the u. S. And japan in areas, int asia, in countries, specifically s, vietnam, you mentioned palou and so i think perhaps our third speaker might be the best to continue on that theme of cooperation and international markets. Of course, japan bank for internationacooperat closely with Americas Development finance cooperation to establish investments in the infras please, tell us a little more about your work and what you all are doing in the space, specifically on telecommunications security. Thank you, riley. I am a senior representative of Japan International cooperation, washington d. C. Office. Some of you may know it is the policybased financial institution, and what you see here in washington, d. C. Our mandate is to support japanese private industry and businesses all over the world. Also, i would say that our l operation truly allied with japanese government policy. We will or industries and achieve the japanese government policy by way of also, we have posted our financial toolkit. Also, wedabout cooperating with likeminded partners like the United States and most remarkable cooperation with the u. S. Counterpart. With we signed understanding in 2018 i remember and we expanded cooperation gradually and ict is definitelyhe area of cobut in addition to that i woud like to introduce that we have stitutions like usaid. Both institutions have the sanctions of the cities so which are in various stages. Ict secti like to explain two examples at this moment. The first is the submarine cable support. Communications are done by a submarine cable. The Japanese Company nec is one of the leading compani4 esn this space. S■ this is a good combination of our finance and plans from the united statean but is a good place for blended finance. And second example is our supporting to the state ofu. awbu company of beta testening the United States and over the world. We are very active in supporting Data Center Businesses globally. We would like to expand our cooperation with ntt as much as possible. Next, id like to touce recent update about the mandate. The japanese diet amended the law that regulated what we can do. Last to the jgb law, and as a result of the amendment, we are now unable to support Japanese Companies for their, but the local companies as well. As long its essential for businesses. For instance, if the japanese industry tried to supply the key goods in some services to locals in carriers in the indopacific region we are now ■ build diplomatic relationships abroad. So, with this were going to open it up for questions from the audience. If you have any questions, please raise your hand, a mic will come to you, identify yourself and ask your question. Try to be as suscinct as possible. I am going to take the moderators privilege to ask the first question. The ict can be very technical sometimes. Not everyone is computer savvy. Le are actually finance savvy. We talked about blended finance. Mae we can jdu real quick. Weve already given a very general explanation of the impoan infrastructure. The need for it to be trusted and secure so that Everyday Americans and japanese can benefit from what they can access. And so, maybe, i dont know how to ask this actually, but is it in simpler terms so that people understand that this relationship is very important, its very technical, it is very advanced in the terminologies and the financing. But whats the simpler way that we can describe the importance of this sector and this work for the american and japanese audience . Mark, why dont we start with you . I have two answers. Its easy for me to dumb it down because the question is, do you want your information, whether youre representing a Major Corporation or Small Business or whether its your bank account or your health data, do you want that information to be compelled to be shared with state intelligence agencies . If the anu are embracing the notion, the policy set of trustworthy supply. Going back to this question of are the institutions in place from the source country are you, to allow■nsparency of knowing when the state wants your data. There are cases in the United States and scaanavian countries, and examples throughout in japan where citizens are informed upon any kind of request like that. That is the simple way of describing it. On the other side of that coin, diplomacy in this field, particularly in this field because of the technology involved and the fact that that technology is advancing on almost a daily basis is a team sport. He referenced close collaboration with industry. Without that understanding from engineers about what is available we would be less effective in our advocacy. Likewise with think tanks, its incumbent to have those relationships so we understand changes as they come about. I dont know if you have any thoughts on this. Thank you. From the different viewpoint. E ai, for example, last year was a to speak. For generative ai so■d however the a telecommunications sector. Generative ai has some ways with ■ some relationships with telecommunications of course. , for example, generative ai will give us the opportunity to make the telecommunication management by way of automation or machine learning. There are different operations can do. Theyre very efficient management or network control, it can. Such kind of very close things e something to do with the communications sections. We have a feeling that all the state of the Art Technology can add something to our doing. The u. S. And japan, the government and industry are focusing on. Who knows where it will be in six months from now, compared to where it was just last year. Last year there was chatgpt. There was no zora last year. Who knowskl■1 in the way generae ai can transform not just our daily lives, but the communications and the structure that underpins and connects all of this as well. Let me take a different perspective then. Have talked ae discuss these issues domestically . But as an organization that deals internationally, how do you make the argument internationally that those counie u. S. , japanese and australian or other trusted vendorsn the facu know, pretty strong competition, whether it is through diplomacy or even from a finance point of view . So, firstly, i would like to emphasize that the importance of the multilateral corporation, is still important, when we reach out to third countries. If myself go to the host country , its the opinion. But when it comes to create the one voice with likeminded personnel, it would be more powerful. When we try to reach out third countries, we always create a nice group, likeminded personnel and explain our opinion. I would say thats the point. If possible, we can show some demons in this respect, he mentioned the usaid overland academy. Describe and how to show our presence to the third countries. Second point i would like to mention is that when were reaching out to private companies companies, now, they all recognize the importance of cybersecurityth of esg. Everybody knows about the esg when it comes to climate issue, or somethinge how to defend ourselves from analysis attack or misinformation and disinformation, those are the issues of thvernance. If the company has denied internal system of esg, the corporate value will increase. On the other hand if they fail a to defend, their corporate prosperity will decline. This is now the discussion of g. That discussion is understandable for private businesses. Its a difficult decision and a side or b side. This is esg discussion to maximize corporate value. That would be the argument where we reach out to private citizens. Thats mympression. I think another way to kind of describe it, you mentioned at the end there, sort of cyber hygi■ene as a matter of corporae value. Whether companies are consideringoh if its reportd that a company would get hacked what kind of effect would that have on their business . Certainly important. Any questions from the audience here . Hi, im Craig Singleton for the foundation for defense of democracies where we lead our china program. Problematic and sanctioned Companies Like huawei are alliance that exists. When asked Foundation Software and we talk about it as potentially a way to break the stranglehold on 5g and 6g. Should. And japan be collaborating with Linux Foundation when while way, China Telecom and uni com are keypart . The policies that are rusted supply based upon independent judiciary and dupr procedures. Ok . So while linux may be issue, is it trusted supply . Otosan has been part of that encouragement to get japanese, u. S. , korean, other industries, indian involved in that cooperation, and specifically for the standardsetting issues that go on in International Commercial collaboration through the bodies designed for that purpose. Because we feel if there is dominance by one party, then the outcomes will not reflect the broader international communitys needs. So there are two responses to your question. First is the specific policy set, second is the involvement of industry and other voices Going Forward in standard setting bodies. Another question that i have is since were on the topic of cybersecurity theres a lot of , discussion at least within the United States, i dont know how far this discussion goes in japan, but the idea of building7 a network on zero trust, in fact. Establishing certain standards that ensure that any sort of provider technologies within the United States are developed in the knowing going to get hacked, you know . Cyber incidents these days, its not a matter of if, its a wheny your things will be breached. I actually had a personal cyber incident last week. So, you know, the discussion on the digital dialog on economy and other discussions on ict touch on this matter . Does it touch on building a zero trust network and of course, how that as already trusted suppliers to each other . I dont know if okamoto, if you have any thoughts . Ok. Thank you. Relan which is very close relation to the cyber zero trust that you mentioned. Normally, for example, in the early developing countriesearlie reduction and introduced. So those countries cannot easily change the network content, but probably, but we, the japan, u. S. , have the relationship to open ran within countries such as latin america. We are doing the cochairing kind of roundtable with latin american countries visavis mobile operators. They have some kinenlightenmente and goodness of the introduction of 5g open lan. Suchinds of cogoing on and thah such kindness. I think it was you who mentned earlie low instance of cyber incidents, you said 4 is that what you mentioned . As we look to develop better definitely investing in open ran and other areas that can help develop that. Its definitely important. You mentioned the cost competitiveness issue, of course. Thats a big issue acro allc÷ ict and the theory is that open ran can when we talked about international finance, then, how much does open ran play into the discussions when youre talking . Youre lki undersea cable is very important given that it does necessitate a lot of the International Flow of data, but incountry, how much does it normally come up in your discussion . Oh, yes, i think recent many countries have strong interest in introducing that int issue and also avoiding the situations and Security Issues as well. When we talk about the countries in the regn, interest about that. And when it comes to cost discussion, we sometimes got the response from the government solution or Something Like that. The countries tends to focus just on the cost of installation. Just the capital expenditure. But we have to think about the overall cost of operation, including the operation in the maintenance space, it will be 20 years or 25 years discussion, so we always persuade the host government that please, consider the life cycle costs, life cycle costs. So do not focus too much on just initial cost. So this is an important point. What japan and the United States can explain to especially in grouping countries because they do not have enough experiences in longterm life infrastructure projects, so, like you see somemes visit the government and the developing countrys businesses and explain the importance of life cycle cost and how to achieve the value for money. Make investments and get the value as much as possible. And so this is what we are doing. I just want to piggyback on those insightful comments, both7 operational and capital costs. Our advocacy with third countries is not a one size fits beyond the National Security and ip protection issues and personal data privacy issues ive referenced and reinforced by others on this panel. There are certain instances where a much more nuanced specific conversation can be add had and ill give you one example. Le operator in countries throughout Southeast Asia, in latin america and north africa. The aspiration of viatel is to offer alongsider■natns of mobile networks, equipment. So, they are forming allianceses for the possibility of offering an open ran solution globally. Vietnam to support that enterprise. Theyre adding a business line. Theyre building economic develoent ■ call japanese and u. S. Industry partners. So, again, its a specific kind of arrangement that we can offer in certain countries. India is another example where local talent is able to produce the innovations necessary not only to the largest market in the world, but also globally. And so, the converhsation cha country to country depending on local circumstances. ■ i do want to kind of ask more about that, because i think in the grander discussion around ict, it really it can sometimes be seen withinother continuation of u. S. China rivalry in the international space, right . So the u. S. Trying to find partners and allies to work and compete with huawei, which is unfairly supported by its own government. Its under cutting vendors and suppliers all around the world. Some countries, i think more hesitant to, of course, build that relationship with such an untrusty vendor, but others who see the cost competitiveness of their products and, you know, throw caution to the wind, i guess you could say. When we talk about the competition with china, we talk about sometimes we talk about with the regional context, so, Southeast Asia being a particular focus given the proximity to put japan, china, of course, a lot of the u. S. Interest in the region. Latin america, africa, even■ and of course, mark, as you mentioned, it is not onesizefitsall for each country. Each country has their own diplomatic, Economic Security and other interests. And so, i do wonder how do we think about Going Forward in this partnership between the United States and japan as we look to Different Countries to partner with. India and vietnam, i think, are excellent examples. India has been for a while now,e potential scale as a competitor to china. It is a large economy, a lot of people, a lot of potential consumers, vietnam, of course, emerging itc space in southeasty malaysia, indonesia. So how do we think all three ofe panelists whoever wants to attack it first. How do we go as a partnership to find the third pis it waiting fe to us or do we go to them with our arguments around safety, securitrhnology . Me . Yeah, go ahead. So would like to expand our cooperation with the third parties in addition to the unit■qed states and japan. Dependingent situations. For instance, in Pacific Island countries, australia has very Good Progress and capabilities to support those island countries. So japan, u. S. , have cooperation that is very natural and good cooperation in that area. And when i would like to collaborate with korey. This much, the biggest india think tank hosted the event, national d by taking that opportunity with u. S. And korea they have at least about the ict Technical Cooperation with india, in india. So, india and japans companies an like this and korea also have like this and so we changed the collaboration with third partners. So thats our next step and■plas important. So we should go first. Wait does not work. Wait and see does not work. We should go there and talk and discuss with the government or the businesses and explore and create the next ict businesses, globally, yeah. Two observations on the competition question is an essential one. ■ the first is my office, rbo, we spent a heck of a lot of time wearing an erickson hat and a nokia tshirt. In many markets, operators work with very tight margins. We associate what erickson and nokia offered with the supply. Theres no value for the United States in that regard. I can legitimately say in my engagement we believe the citizens of country x should be allowed the same protections of the United States in your network security. And that curried some favor, but we have to contend with the fact that there is a price delta in many markets. Significant subsidies are offered by the prc and thats very real. Its an extraordinary challenge and thats why the importance of the Development Finance corporation, xm and counterparts in japan and other countris essential in this conversation. The second part of that, we know from conversations with some of the best engineers in the industry that beyond 5g and development, 6g and beyond will. And what were offing to our third party countries, is■w in innovation. Vietnam is an example. Thats why the philippines, ■esingapore are interested. Increasingly were seeing our European Partners come on board. Significantly with deployments scheduled■ 9o. By vodafone in spain and germany. 170,000 sites. I dont know if you have thank you. The cooperation between the u. S. Cooperation in the third country and the cooperation within the we have. Ion for the countries, they know its expressed in many ways, for example. The philippines, we are doing Capacity Building things within the philippines. For example, the academy kind of things which is based on the which is based on the kind of things whichs accessed from the persons within the philippine areas. For example. And also, the second one is international folden if we can achieve g7 which would probablyr something. Were promoting the openness within the network constructions. on not only 5g but also the cables and the kind of the whole three dimensional networking and not only the cable, but also the space areas, for example. And also the bilateral cooperation we had with gdpc, Global Digital connectivity pattern with the u. S. And japan and we have ourselves have the arterly basis. So, such kind of the things very ■scooperated and multilayered cooperation we are hoping to. Yeah, i think as this event there is a lot of very different technical and somewhat complicated areas for the united stat and japan to worry about, but i think that our collaboration and cooperation is moving successfully, moving smoothly. I think were progressing better than i think weve ever been. So its really endearing to see the relationship of the uned states and japan move on, not just Communication Security , but broader things, internationally collaborating on diplomatic su its been really great hearing from the three of you and of course, your diverse areas of expertise. I hope we can have you all back here again either at a public or private session sometime, but lets give a round of applause for the group and thank you again for coming out to Hudson Institute today. Thank you. ■8 [applause] [captioning performed by thenat, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2024] we received inspiring and th from more than 3200 students across 42 states. Through conducting in Depth Research and interviews with experts, students tackled critical topics such as technology and social media. For one, it hastarted replacing humans, eliminating entire fields of work. Challenges in climate. Our tapestry can no longer sustain richness and diversity it once held. Discussions about criminal justice. Race, bice, and bias, and the americ crimil ice system. Were excited to share the top winners of student cam 2024. In the middle school division, the first prize goes to isaac Graham Newton middle school in california. The documentary, beyond just scifi, a. I. Reshaping americal intelligence. The high school eastern divisions first prize is awarded to Montgomery Blair high school in silver spring, maryland, for the film, the promise of langley park. The purple line. 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We are so grateful for this opportunity. We really thank you a lot. To the educators, parents and participants who have supported each of these young film makers on their creative journeys. Ng■prati winners. Dont miss out. The top winning documentaries will be broadcast on cspan starting april 1. Plus you can catch each of the 150 Award Winning films online any time at studentcam. Org. Join us in celebrating the civically engaged and inspiring young minds as they share their opinions on the issues important to them and effect our affect our world. House lawmakers returning to work on several foreign policyrelated bills, including legislation to block the sale of americans sensitive personal data by data brokers to foreign adversaries. Also today, congressional leaders struck a deal to fund the department of Homeland Security fiscal year 2024. Live coverage of the house here on cspan