[cheering and applause] vice pres. Pence hello, South Carolina [cheering and applause] wow. Crowd. Great could we just hear it again for senator, Lindsey Graham . [applause] an amazing leader and friend. Making South Carolina proud. How about governor, henry mcmaster, everybody . [applause] strong and steady leadership. And congressman, William Timmons norman, great conservatives in the congress. [applause] all my fellow americans from near and far, it is great to be back in your state. Just seven days away from a great victory all across South Carolina and all across america. When we reelect president , donald trump, for four more years four more years four more years four more years [crowd chanting] 3,e pres. Pence on november lets show america that upstate and all of South Carolina are trump country. [cheering and applause] usa usa usa [crowd chanting] vice pres. Pence i want to thank you all for being here. Believed wego, you could be strong again. You believed we could be prosperous again. You said yes to president donald need your016, and we state to say yes to four more years of donald trump in 2020. [applause] and i know you will. Because of all we have done, it is amazing to think about how far we have come. Since South Carolina said yes to this president. Think about it. Inherited ago, we military that had been hollowed out by devastating budget cuts. [crowd booing] [shouting] four more years four more years four more years four more years [crowd chanting] vice pres. Pence sounds like he knows we are winning. [cheering and applause] think about how far we have come, everybody. Aur years ago, we inherited military hollowed out by devastating budget cuts. An economy that was struggling to break out of the slowest recovery since the great depression. Terrorism was on the rise around the world. And we witnessed the steady assault on our most cherished values. But in three short years, we rebuilt our military. We revived our economy. Supported our border, lawenforcement, and stood for life, liberty, and the constitution of the United States of america. [cheering and applause] its incredible. It all starts with our National Defense. Providingtution says, for the common defense is the first object of the national government. You all deserve to know when joe biden was Vice President , we were enduring years of budget cuts to our National Defense, and hollowed out our military. But under President Donald Trump, those days are over. [cheering and applause] but the strong support of these allies in the congress, im proud to report to you that we every builder military. President donald trump has signed the largest investment in our National Defense since the days of ronald reagan. Giving ourlly sailors, soldiers, marine, coast guard, and space force the resources and the support they need. To accomplish their mission and defend our nation. Senator graham was kind enough to mention the fact that, as your Vice President , the highest dad. That i hold id is i am the proud father of a United States marine and the fatherinlaw of a navy pilot. I could not be prouder of the men and women of the armed forces and their families. [applause] just about those who all ofoday, it is about you who serve for the uniform and the United States. With the uniform and the United States. Theres a lot of heroes in the room. If you served in our armed forces, would you understand or put your hand in the air, and give us a chance to thank you one more time . [cheering and applause] thank you for your service. Thank you for your service. Usa usa vice pres. Pence thank you for your service. God bless you. Deserve to know, when joe biden was Vice President , america cell years of scandal in the v. A. That shocked the conscience of the nation. We literally had a reward veterans heroic veterans that listsying, in waiting and waiting lines to get into the v. A. President trump, working with these great conservatives in the house and senate, including a 33 year veteran, colonel, Lindsey Graham, we passed the most sweeping reforms of the v. A. And 50 years in 50 years. We fired more than 3000 employees that were not giving our veterans the care they deserve. Is nowerans choice available for every veteran america. On the economy, after joe biden spent eight years trying to tax and spend and bail and a growings back to economy, president , donald trump, created the greatest economy in american [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2020] true. Ence think that into the midst of a Global Pandemic, joe biden wants to raise taxes by 4 trillion. [booing] dollarthis to trillion version of the green new deal. Remember, the president had to remind him of that in the first debate. He forgot he was for it. President trump, we cut taxes across the board for working families and businesses. More redtape than any administration in history. We fought for free and fair trade, unleashed industry, and unleashing 7 million good paying job, including jobs right here in the palmetto state. [applause] years,e first three wages were rising at the fastest pace in 10 years, wages were rapidly forap a bluecollar workers. The forgotten men and women were forgotten no more. Which is quite a contrast from the last administration, wasnt it . When joe biden was Vice President , america lost 200,000 manufacturing jobs, and the last president said those jobs were never coming back. You remember . I heard he was campaigning in florida today. Four years ago, he said as manufacturing jobs are gone for good. He actually said, what magic wand do you have . We did not need a magic wand. We just needed President Donald Trump in the white house. 500,000 manufacturing jobs in just three years, including 22,000 right here in South Carolina. [cheers and applause] i am telling you. Mean, South Carolina is no different than indiana, where i am from. Well, makehings things and grow things, right . You have a president who understands that and has been fighting every day to open up the world to what we make and what we grow. Mean, when we came into office , half of our International Trade deficit was in one country, communist china. [booing] and joe biden, joe biden has been a cheerleader for communist china all the way. He said the rise of china was a positive development. Maybe for china. Year at the idea china was even competition for the United States. Trump, weident donald put china on notice. Of economicra surrender is over. China, andtariffs on we will keep standing strong until they open their markets to what we make and what we grow in respect and respect private property of americans and businesses. Nafta. E goes for you remember nafta. In 25 years after nafta was signed, we literally saw factories across the heartland shuttered by the thousands and jobs moved south of the border and overseas. Now democrats like joe biden love to complain about nafta, remember . But they never lifted a finger to do anything about it. When the man who wrote the art of the deal stepped into the a wayffice, america got better deal. Nafta is gone. Is here. It is a win for South Carolina and america. [cheers and applause] now you all deserve to know that joe bidens running mate, harris , i had a debate with her a couple of weeks ago. [cheers and applause] thank you. Thank you. Tried to point out in that debate that she was one of only 10 senators to vote against the u. S. In ca. She said it didnt go far enough on climate change. I mean, the u. S. Leveled the Playing Field for manufacturing in this country, opened up markets like never before, but Kamala Harris voted against it. She put her radical agenda ahead of South Carolina jobs, workers, and farmers, and i promise you, when it comes to trade, President Trump will always put america first. [cheers and applause] and on health care, you remember the disaster of obama care is a right . [booing] i do. I was in the congress when they foisted that on the country. Remember, they said if you like your daughter, you can keep him. Wasnt true. They said if you like your Health Insurance, you can keep it. Wasnt true. They said premiums will go down. Actually actually come up when we took office, premiums had doubled under obama care. During the debate the other didt, and how well President Trump doing that debate with joe biden . , right . , right . Am i right . [cheers and applause] onebiden said not Single Person lost their Health Insurance under obamacare. Million with individual policies luster lth insurance, and noun lost their Health Insurance, and now joe biden has a plan to import what he calls the public option, but it is just Government Run Health Care into obamacare, right . Export the worst parts of Bernie Sanders medicare for all and drop it in the middle of obamacare. That would threaten the private Health Insurance of 180 million americans and put us on a path to socialized medicine. Under President Donald Trump, we repealed the individual mandate. We lowered the cost of Health Insurance. The cost of prescription drugs. To try. D right with President Donald Trump in the white house for four more years, we will lower the cost of Health Insurance without growing the size of government, and america will never be a socialist country. [cheers and applause] [crowd chanting usa] v. P. Pence men and women of South Carolina, we have a choice to make. As the president said in michigan today, it is a choice between a trump recovery and recovery happening all over america, all over South Carolina i mean, you have the new gdp numbers this week. I dont know what they are, but buckle up. You will see the resilience and strength of the American People in this Great American comeback. [cheers and applause] man. Between thes really vshaped trump recovery and a biden depression. There is a nonpartisan study that said under joe bidens economic policies, america would lose 5 million jobs. The average Household Income would be reduced by 6,500 a year. So, every day for the next seven days, i want you to find somebody he was undecided, who knows you, who trust you, and say, i ran into mike at the airport and he wanted me to ask you one serious question. Just look at him. Standing back up, look him in the high and say, seriously, who do you really think and bring the American Economy all the way back . A career politician who spent 47 years in washington, d. C. Raising taxes, stifling our economy, or a proven jobcreator created,7 million jobs rolling back regulations, and fighting for american jobs . Or the Great American comeback four and more years of dam more years offour donald trump in the white house . So it has been about our national security, and every day it is about our economic recovery, but it is also about the rule of law, which begins with law and order. [cheers and applause] i could not be more proud to serve alongside a president who has stood every day with the men and women who serve on the thin blue line of lawenforcement. [cheers and applause] President Trump and i know what on thew, when people put uniform of Law Enforcement every day, trap on a sidearm, and kiss their families goodbye, they are basically deciding every day to count our lives more than their own. All my heroes wear uniforms. [cheers and applause] in fact, you know what . There is a lot of Law Enforcement here today. Which you just mind showing them how much you appreciate the job they do to protect and serve families every day . [cheers and applause] thank you. Thats great. We do back the blue. We back our heroes. We back our heroes . Like one reno county sheriffs deputy. He was a 28 year Law Enforcement veteran. In those nearly three decades of service, to distinguished Service Awards and had a profound impact on the lives of so many in this community. As you all know and i learned on he way here, one week ago, lost his life in the line of duty. Humbled andply profoundly honored to be here today and joined by his wonderful wife of 25 years and his daughter. Sarah and catherine, we say to you, South Carolina and america will never forget or fail to ofor the life and service sergeant jumper. God bless you. [cheers and applause] [cheers and applause] [applause] us withu for honoring your presence here today. Proof positive in the life we just celebrated and an incredible family, men and women who serve in lawenforcement are the best of us, and they deserve the respect of every american, every day. [applause] now joe biden in his running mate often say they think america is systemically racist. [booing] , they both say they believe that Police Officers have an implicit bias against minorities. When joe biden was as giphy supported cutting funding for Law Enforcement, he replied, yes, absolutely. And Kamala Harris recently praised the mayor of los angeles for cutting 150 million out of the lapd. [booing] i will make you a promise. President trump in the white house for four more years, we will not defund the police. Not now, not ever. We are going to back the blue. And we are going to back the blue for four more years. [cheers and applause] and let me be clear on this tont, we know we dont have choose between supporting the courageous men and women of lawenforcement and supporting our africanamerican neighbors, urban minorities, families who live in our major cities. Under President Donald Trump, we funded 4000 new Police Officers, we funded operation legend, which has arrested more than 2500 violent offenders and cities across the country this past summer, and at the same time, in our first three years we saw the lowest unemployment ever recorded for africanamericans. 8000eated more than opportunities in cities around america. Historically black colleges and universities, and we have been fighting to give parents in our cities the right to choose where they go to school. [cheers and applause] so we will keep supporting our creed, andvery race, color, and we will support all africanamericans in our minority families. I promise you, with four more years of donald trump, we will have law and order in every city in every state in this nation for every american of every race, creed, and color, so help us god. [cheers and applause] but law and order all begins with the rule of law, and i am proud to report to you, standing here today, that President Trump has already confirmed more than 230 conservative judges to our federal court at every level, and they are all principled men and women who will uphold the godgiven liberties enshrined in our constitution, like the freedom of religion, the freedom of speech, and the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. [cheers and applause] and that includes Justice Amy Coney barrett. [cheers and applause] isnt she great . Just amazing. What an inspiring person. I got to know her a few years back when she was a finalist on our last round. I am a little bit biased, as my friend said, because she happens to be from the state of indiana. But she has been an inspiration, and i believe she is now and will continue to be an inspiration to young women across this country interested in pursuing careers in the law. Just like the late justice ginsburg, she broke ground for women, and i have confidence she will inspire a new generation. I know that she has inspired a member of the rising generation in my family, a recent law. Chool graduate who i could not be more proud of. Would you just say hello to my daughter, audrey pence . She is an amazing woman and she would do amazing things. Will do amazing things. [cheers and applause] thank you for that. Of course, i dont have to tell all of you here in South Carolina, more than 230 federal judges, including three justices on the Supreme Court, would not have been possible if it were not for a man who has been a stalwart, courageous, principled leader, the chairman of the Judiciary Committee in the United States senate, senator Lindsey Graham. [cheers and applause] i can honestly say i was for Lindsey Graham before it was cool. [laughter] we got to know each other when i was elected to congress. I told him, i remember back in the day, i got acquainted with him on cspan, and i have been a fan ever since. And helpe stood strong to move the confirmation just as neil gorsuch, the way he fiercely defended just brett kavanaugh. Yeah. I just heard Lindsey Graham say his opponents ran because the way he handled the hearing, but i agree with Lindsey Graham. Lindsey graham will win because of the way he handled the hearing. [cheers and applause] yesterdayped it off by leading the confirmation of. Udge Amy Coney Barrett the rule of law has no greater champion. Toneed South Carolina reelect senator Lindsey Graham for six more years. [cheers and applause] in a landslide. [cheers and applause] [applause] senator graham already knows, and you deserve to know, after 150 years of nine judges on the , leading democrats and washington, d. C. Are talking about packing the court. That means adding seats on the Supreme Court so they can appoint activist liberal judges to advance their leftist agenda from the judiciary. [booing] i mean, i was watching this weekend and servants of the Biting Campaign said they were open to it, including members of the senate. And alexandria ocasiocortez just tweeted today, expand the court. Joe biden and Kamala Harris refuse to answer whether they would pack the court. I tried to get Kamala Harris to answer that question in our debate. No luck. Then joe said he would tell us if he is going to pack the court after judge Amy Coney Barrett was confirmed, and now he is saying it is a live ball, and he will not tell us if he is going to pack the court until months after the election. Come on, man. [cheers and applause] the American People deserve a straight answer, joe. [cheers and applause] when you are running for the highest office in the land, you ought to be able to say whether you respect the highest court in the land. You know, look, we know what is going on here, right . I was born in the morning, but not yesterday morning. Williden and Kamala Harris pack the court with liberal activist judges if they win this election. It is one more reason why we will not let it happen. We are going to reelect President Donald Trump or we are going to send Lindsey Graham back to the United States senate in a renewed republican majority. [cheers and applause] it is that important. [cheers and applause] this is really about protecting protectinges, and the things that matter most. , when joe biden was Vice President , we actually saw a steady assault on the religious freedoms of americans. I mean, through government eroded something. They actually hauled a group of nuns into federal court to force them to compromise their faith and give in to the standards of obamacare. It is incredible. [booing] a leading democrat on the Judiciary Committee was judge barrett was being confirmed showed that same antipathy towards religious liberty. She said she was concerned because judge barrett said she was sincere about her catholic faith could she said the dogma lives loudly within you. Hollywood elites have been attacking judge barrett ever since. Well i have news for the democrats and their friends in hollywood, that dogma lives loudly in me. [cheers and applause] that dogma lives loudly in you. [cheers and applause] in the right to live, work, and livesp according to it loudly in the constitution of the United States of america. [cheers and applause] [applause] reason theye is a call freedom of religion our first freedom. A casual understanding of the american founding will tell you what was most important to the people who founded this great republic, and i am proud to report under president donald ofmp, we restored the rights doctors, nurses, and religious charities, and we ended the assault on the Little Sisters of the poor and the Supreme Court of the United States made it permanent. Under President Donald Trump, we will stand strong the freedom of religion that every american of every faith, so help us god. [cheers and applause] it is that important. , of all the things this president has done, of all the promises made and promises kept, i could not be more proud to be Vice President to a president who stands without apology for the sanctity of human life. [cheers and applause] thank you. Now joe biden and Kamala Harris support taxpayer funding of abortion all the way up to birth. [booing] they are calling for a record increase for funding for andtion around the world the largest Abortion Provider in america. President donald trump, in our first days, he restored the mexico city policy that prevented any tax dollars from being used to promote abortion around the world. We supported an amendment to prevent the use of taxpayer dollars to support abortion here at home. And President Trump signed into law a bill that allowed states. O defund planned parenthood President Donald Trump is the most prolife president in american history. [cheers and applause] so in our first three years, if you are taking notes, we rebuilt our military revived our economy stood from law, order, and liberties. None of that wouldve been possible without the strong and consistent support of South Carolinas delegation to congress. It is true. [cheers and applause] they are stalwarts, everyone. So when we reelect President Donald Trump, just like i said about your good senator, i need to ask you one more favor, we aed South Carolina to send congressman to a new republican majority in the congress of the United States and retire nancy pelosi once and for all. [cheers and applause] i was in the Congress Last time intendred nancy, and i to be around when we do it again. [cheers and applause] you know, when we look at all that we were able to accomplish with a Republican House and Republican Senate in those first three years, there is only one way you can describe it. We made America Great again. [cheers and applause] right . [cheers and applause] and then the coronavirus struck from china. At before the first document case of Community Spread anywhere in america, President Trump did what no american president had ever done, he suspended all travel from china, the second largest economy in the world. [cheers and applause] , joe biden would call that xenophobic. He also called it hysterical. Literally wrote a couple of days before the president made that decision in january that suspending travel during a Global Pandemic would make things worse. , becauseno surprise when swine was striking the country in 2009 and joe biden was Vice President , they refused to shut the border with mexico. And 60 million americans became infected. Todaycan tell you, today, as the head of the White House Coronavirus task force, i can tell you personally, President Trumps decision to suspend all travel from china saved untold american lives, because it bought us time to stand up the greatest National Mobilization since world war ii. True. We reinvented testing. We forged a Seamless Partnership with states across the country. Production,ith the manufacture, distribution of medical supplies, the development of medicines and therapeutic saving lives every day, and under this president s leadership that we are just a short time away from having the world, with tens of millions of doses for the American People. [cheers and applause] we have all been through a lot, and i promise you, we will continue. Thank you. It has been my great honor. We will keep protecting the vulnerable. We will keep making sure our incredible doctors and nurses have all the supplies and resources that they need to get the level of care we would want any Family Member to have. We will keep developing lifesaving medicines and vaccines until we put this coronavirus in the past. And while joe biden is talking about shutting down our economy, we are opening up america again. [cheers and applause] it is amazing to think, a testament to the resilience of the American People, the foundation we forged in those first three years, and the unprecedented recovery and relief aid senator graham and his great delegation supported for families and businesses. We lost 22 million jobs at the height of this pandemic, but we have seen in five months 11. 5 million americans have gone back to work, including 320,000 people right here in South Carolina. We are opening up america again. [cheers and applause] and we are opening up american schools. [cheers and applause] it is a tribute to the people of wes state, the sacrifices have made to put families first. It is a tribute to the doctors, nurses, health care providers, and First Response was first responders. I also have to say, it is also a tribute to South Carolina, to the strong, steady, compassionate leadership of governor henry mcmaster. [cheers and applause] yournor, thank you for leadership in this challenging time. Me in thanking governor mcmaster. I have worked with him every day. What a good man. Through a time of showed, but i expect you up because we are coming to a time for choosing. It has never been clear, the stakes have never been higher. When you look at their agenda, higher taxes, open borders, socialized medicine, agree new deal md funding please, packing the courts, abortion on demand, it is clear that joe biden would be nothing more than a trojan horse for the radical left. Joe biden says democracy is on well, i think our economic recovery is on the ballot. I think law and order are on the ballot. , i also truly believe there are things much more are thatnal to who we are on the ballot as well. I think in this election, it will not be so much whether americans are more republican or more democrat, more conservative or more liberal, more red or more blue, i think the choice in this election is whether america remains america. [applause] whether we will chart a course in the future based on our highest ideals of freedom, faith, family, free enterprise, or whether we would let joe biden in the radical left take us on a downward path to more government, less freedom, more dependency, socialism, and american decline. [booing] so let me say, men and women of South Carolina, for all the ideals that have always made this country great, for our is at theat foundation of who we are, we need to decide right here and joe biden will never be president of the United States. We will reelect President Donald Trump for four more years. [cheers and applause] [crowd chanting four more years] v. P. Pence it is on, South Carolina. It is on. And we have seven days to get it done. Um, when the president called me and asked me to join this ticket four years ago, i really did not know him very well, but we got to be close friends. We talk when we are traveling, sometimes late, sometimes in between, and when we are both at the white house, we literally spend hours together. Firsthand,o you unprecedented opposition and resistance by the democratic against relentless attacks by their allies in the national media, there has never been a day gone by that President Trump has not gotten up and fought to keep the promises that he made to the people of South Carolina. Now it is our turn to fight for him. [cheers and applause] you with me . [applause] we have to stay in the fight every day, every hour, between now and when the polls close. I have a couple of things i want to ask you to do before i jump back on that plane. And head back to North Carolina. First and foremost, i checked on the way here, early voting has already started, right . Vote as soon you can. I want to ask you to vote South Carolina, vote to reelect President Donald Trump to the white house. [cheers and applause] vote early. Get it out of the way. Voted last week. The president cast his vote. You just have to get done. You go down to the greeneville county square, 301 university 5 00, open 8 30 a. M. To p. M. , monday through friday. And remember, friends dont let friends vote alone, bring a Family Member, bring a friend, bring a coworker, and vote to reelect President Donald Trump. [cheers and applause] get it done. Secondly, after you vote with a say and can i just senator Lindsey Graham again. Vote to reelect senator Lindsey Graham and all these members of congress. Get it done. Fill it out. The next thing i need you to do is go talk to somebody. You know, i really do believe what happened in 2016 is again. , you know, there were only two kinds of poles four years ago, ones where we were losing by lot in ones where we were losing by little, and that is putting much the same right now, but i have to tell you, we are seeing enthusiasm around this country that is greater today than it was in 2016, and i think it is because the American People are talking to each other. We are talking about everything we accomplished, how this president literally kept every promise he made to the American People, talking about how this president has led decisively through one of the most challenging years in my lifetime , and were talking about the choice in this election. That is what i need you to do. Mike, and hen into got up there and he and Lindsey Graham talked about everything that weve done, because i really believe the most powerful media in this country is not the big tv networks. It is not your newspapers. It is not even your social media. It is word of mouth. When someone who knows you and respects you hears from you about an issue you think its important to them and their family. Talk to him about why you came out today. Talk about what we have accomplished. I know we will have a great victory all across South Carolina and across america, i truly believe it. And finally, after you vote with friends, and after you spend the next seven days talking to him about this president , talking about your senator, talking about these great congressmen, what Republican Leadership would mean for four more years, i would just say if you are inclined to bow the head and bend the knee, the next seven days would be a good time to do it. [cheers and applause] ok . [applause] we love you. [applause] , i havece i mean traveled around this country, and i am absolutely convinced that two things. America is a freedomloving nation. And america is a nation of faith. I hear about it all the time. I was just in North Carolina earlier, and one person after another took a moment to say, i am praying for you. The sweetest words we ever hear. [applause] you toi would encourage pray in these divided times in the life of our nation, where it seems that there is more that divides us. You might just remember to avail your self of that great wellspring of american strength, and when you pray, pray with confidence. Claim those ancient words that americans have clung to in times that we could not possibly imagine, that if these people, called by his name will humble themselves and pray and turn, that he would do like he has always done, through the long and storied history of this great nation, he will hear from heaven and he will heal this land. [cheers and applause] nation, under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. So pray for america. Pray for all of the American People. It will make a difference. [cheers and applause] i leave here today with renewed confidence, i really do. I am really not used to this big toa crowd, and i cannot wait call him and tell him about it. [cheers and applause] he is going to say to me, Lindsey Graham is really popular in South Carolina. [cheers and applause] i want to thank you for coming out. I am very humbled by your support and encouragement for us. , if all of us do everything we need to do between now and a week from today, we are going to have a great victory across South Carolina. [applause] and all across america. [applause] grahamh senator lindsey back in a republican majority in withnited states senate, in a new republican majority in the house of representatives, with President Trump back in the white house for four more years, and with gods help, we will make America Great again. Again. Thank you all very much. God bless you. God bless america. Now lets get it done, South Carolina. Sun coming up over new York City School bus driver in a traffic jam staring out at the faces in a rear view mirror lookin at the promise of the Promised Land one kid dreams of fame and fortune one kid helps pay the rent one could end up going to prison one just might be president only in america dreamin in red white and blue only in america where we dream as big as we want to we all get a chance everybody gets to dance only in america sun goin down on an la freeway newly weds in the back of a limosine a welders son and a bankers daughter all they want is every thing , campaign tonight coverage continues as President Trump holds a rally in omaha. He will speak in 9 00 p. M. Eastern here on cspan. With the seven days left until election day on november 3, when Voters Decide who will control congress and occupy the white house next year, stay with cspan. Watch campaign 2020 coverage orry day on cspan, stream on demand cspan. Org, or listen on the cspan radio app. Her place for an unfiltered view of politics. Your place for an unfiltered view of politics. The president s, available in paperback, hardcover, and ebook from public affairs, presented biographies of every president , inspired by conversations with noted historians about the leadership skills that make for a successful president. As americans go to the polls next month to decide who should lead our country with collection offers perspective into the lives and events that forged each president s leadership style. To learn more about all our president s and the books featured historian, visit cspan. Org the president s and order your copy today, wherever books are sold. Today, formerlier president barack obama campaigned on behalf of joe biden at a rally. He spoke for about 45 minutes