Transcripts For CSPAN Lincoln Network Discussion On Election Security 20240712

On the director at the Lincoln Network. Project 2020 and procuring the election ahead of november. Thank you for taking time out of your day. The Lincoln Network, we connected technology and communities to make the future happen sooner to build a better tomorrow. To advance this mission, our Cyber National Security Team works to inform National Policy discussions. And in Silicon Valley another tech pubs to develop tech cups. 2020, one of the Biggest National challenges we face, is all the National Challenge or elections during the covid19 pandemic. Today we are honored to host leading experts from the National Intergovernmental communities that administers our nations elections and protects state and local governments informations. First we will hear a presentation from jeff perry health for the director at the department of Homeland Security. His presentation will be followed by discussion by including questions from the audience and we will be using the chat function here and zoom to ask questions. After that the second half of our program will feature a discussion with representatives of associations of State Government leaders. The Cybersecurity Program manager when the National Association of secretaries of state brady and maggie, a Program Director for Homeland Security Public Safety at the National Governors association. First really terrific to have an opportunity for to you from jeffrey in the department of Homeland Security. The university of virginia and earned his masters degree in engineering from washington university. For joining us. Jeff good afternoon. We were previously previously been known the National Protection programs director. That name really didnt tell anyone what are jobless, 23 Election Security until today. I would have to say in 2016, we were certainly caught up and we had made the inroads with the community that we have over the last four years working with individuals at the National Association association of state election directors in the National Governors association. Over that time we have really focused on defining our mission which, to us is to provide riskmanagement advice to election stakeholders. We focus on helping election stakeholders to identify and then detect, manage and mitigate risk to their respective systems. And then it is important to recognize we see the election stakeholders, not only Election Officials that manage voting systems and bota databases and the vendors that support them or the community we call election infrastructure. We also engage of partisan organizations, campaign and the electric as her third line of effort to restructure our work accordingly. In early 2017, our support to election infrastructure was more formalized by declaring that sector part of Critical Infrastructure now in all candor, we can do a lot better of a job explaining what that meant. Popular the time dhs is present and they see the infrastructure and this purity is really a supporting function helping to provide information and overbuild man purses to help those stakeholders manage risk to theirs systems. To do so we tried to have an information with the information sharing and analysis and was stood up in 2018 and since that time has two of the states it has more than 2500 local addictions deployed intrusion Protection Centers for helping to understand what type of traffic is targeting election infrastructure across the states. It has really been a rapid evolution of the information of the communal defense in this sector. We have been able to take some of the best practices learned with doing this type of support for other structures and apply it to our support with election infrastructure. Thats a little different we talk about the seventh and of effort supporting partisan efforts with campaigns and Party Committees which we have the same Vulnerability Management services but they represent such a different use of infrastructure, often its an entirely managed Service Providers with no Central Security service. So it is very much about that practices of Security Awareness, of understanding threats and vulnerabilities Operational Technology with election infrastructure. Our third line of effort is really the stakeholder group, the electorate. How do we help them to recognize the risk of them being targeted and their Critical Role in elections. We kind of think of it as the fbi the Intelligence Community focuses on stopping bad actors from producing disinformation and really targeting the public. We focus on the other side of that equation, trying to make it a more resilient to the activities of the factors so they can recognize the risk of the operations so they can be more critical consumers of information and manage risk of Information Operation that way. We had a successful launch about this time last year of trying to explain the tactics and techniques of information campaigns. Recall that the war on pineapples. Use the divisive of pineapple on pizza explore the steps in establishing an Information Operations campaign. We are very pleased the pineapple became somewhat of a mascot for our agency. We have recently produced additional products that are focusing on individual steps one can take to reduce their exposure and the likelihood of sharing and spreading formation on a particular topic, not just an election. I want to thank you guys for having me and i look forward to your questions. Thank you, i know one question on everyones mind is how the Current Situation we are living in, this pandemic is changing the challenge that you face and the nation faces in terms of preparing and holding an election during these very unique circumstances. Certainly is if 2020 wasnt challenging pandemic in there. Howard to support the states in their decisions on how to manage elections and some have expanded the use of mail in voting. Others are making decisions to centralize voting information. We have seen the pandemic apply pressure in certain areas. The willingness of some coworkers to work often time theres a large overlap of individuals and double to the virus. Having the health and safety of the Community Table to work other vent and counsel for best practices for in person voting conditions mail in voting expansion. We dont view mail in voting as risked here by any means rather than in person voting but it does shift the infrastructure being used. Now you have different ballot counters, mail sorters in the amount of system being used is essential to understand as you manage and mitigate risk to the system. Host in terms of the confidence of the voting public absentee veiling has been around for long time but we are moving to this unique circumstance with potential majority of people using the systems which many are not fully confident with having past experience using. How does that affect the trust in the election and the potential risk forever theories fully exploit that lack of knowledge . Certainly communicating any changes with the electorate to the voting process. To what they can expect in an increased mail in scenario. That is essential. One of our documents really supports this and it communicates to the public because it much like Security Awareness is essential for purity perth voting awareness and the shift from the administrative is essential for them to communicate with their stakeholders. As you said some states have been doing all mail in election since 2000 i believe the Brennan Center cited in 2018 more than a quarter of valves returned were by mail there are pockets across the country very strong familiarity with the process and security of these mail in approach. Educating the rest of the country on how that is administered under a short timeline is essential. Host another question i have his house a cybersecurity risk length to change over the past four years . I recall and secretary johnson august of 2016 about the pets. How do you see the landscape evolving particularly in the past year weve seen a ransom ware attacks, where you see the biggest risks to cyber election infrastructure speed is certainly anything connected to the internet is going to face that lowlevel cyber activity you see all of the time. We have been an evolution of the information sharing across the sector from one that did not really exist as a unified Securities System to one thats fully embrace not even Incident Reporting but activity reporting. This of awareness we didnt know who the state chief collection officer was in each state so this is been an evolutionary experience that did not exist prior to 2016. In the chat here we have a question, would it make your job easier to have a strong clear warning about internet voting echoing your warning . I have been very pleased by the response to our Risk Management guidance for electronic ballot delivery marketing and return. The short of it is there are uses and expedite the process of getting a ballot out to necessary communities. But we highly recommend returning a paper ballot and not use electronic return because we do not see those risks as being manageable with current technology. Have any expectations for the statement to be echoed by anyone else. We had eac mist and the fbi coauthor on the purpose of that document is for communities like nasa and they can do what they want we been very thrilled with that partnership. Host another question that has been shared with me is another experience with primaries over the past few months in some states and cities there been reports of long lines, voters waiting up to five hours to be able to vote. When you talking with the election directors and stakeholders, what has been your view about that challenge and the security risks and looking at the mission of protecting his goal security what elearning . Direct audits of this is a fascinating spacer we have gotten to the point that in many cases operational risk, to operate the election to conduct the election is superseding what i focused on for the last four years is cyber risk and infrastructure risk. There is a need for more and healthy poll workers. Some estimates say theres a million more poll workers needed to have the election in november. There is a need for certainty around poll locations and once you have those type of Resources Available, you can use Operation Research to planet how long your lines will be. But frankly in some recent elections in forthcoming elections you are centralizing voting locations, Voting Centers in this manner. Its going to end up with long lines if you dont have the other resources to check people in, to get them their appropriate ballots, to usher them through trade honestly that element is one of the areas Election Officials need the support of americans as much as anything else c1 some of our attendees today may be new to learning about this can you talk about the various services that are provided to state and local government including the Albert Sensor program. How has that been perceived and what is the prospect of utilization of that type of tool and other tools developing over the next five months . Absolutely. The cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency supports the security of infrastructural partners for more than just the election infrastructure bread we have taken best practices we have learned across support to the financial sectors and tried to apply them here. All of the services that existed once this Community Stepped up, these are things like vulnerability scanning, risk and vulnerability assessments, Penetration Testing, we have evolved some of these to be have more scalable remote remote Penetration Testing which is been essential considering we are now all operating innate remote environment during this pandemic. A lot of the Vulnerability Management activities how we start and what is really impacting and where we could make the most gains. We focus on identifying trends across those findings and producing trainings, exercising with them. We have done three national exercises for the election infrastructure community. We also do individual state vendor exercises national exercisers have more than 44 states in each instance in some cases and those are about how to identify cyber incidents. How to detect, how to report them appropriate out of the federal government involved the chief Election Officials involved so nothing goes unnoticed in the sector. These are the type of things that over the course of time have been able to evolve from a 101 understanding sure we have a more robust action fees in the many patriots and interested in finding ways to make a contribution to help support improving the security of the election systems can you talk to some of the ways that dhs and others work with the Technology Community source communities . I describe the three stakeholder groups we support. What has been essential underlying all of that has been a network of technologists, Intelligence Community, of vendor, cybersecurity experts, to provide an indication thing to inform our warning and response across all of this. It is not just an activity where they have evolved at the understanding we have been able to have our particular expertise take it to the Intelligence Community with insight and inform the states particular awareness and really being able to have a collective defense mentality and bring these communities together for the benefit of the sector didnt exist in 2016 or 2017. In 2018r director gave us the earth to improve warning and response specially for this community and there has been a collective earth. Twoyear example of pine pizza and looking at issues that are divisive. At the highest level of National Politics right now the issue of absentee voting and voting by mail has become very divisive and is at the center of the current president ial campaign. Can you talk a little bit about how or whether you arent adversaries possibly exploiting that division . What can the public do about it . Guest it is important to support Election Officials and their decisions on how to administer elections and help them amplify their voice their particular decision. If theres expansion of vote by mail what are the deadlines of vote by mail . How does that impact reporting to beget the necessary and critical information out there so that the appetite for ms. Information in the space is wreath park this is why we work very closely with local Election Officials to help amp the trusted voices in this community, particularly through the trust invoice initiative in order to ensure the correct voice is loudest here. Host thank you we have a question hear from the audience from jennifer. What are the open questions most need additional Technical Research to get, what kind of tools documents other resources from the Industrial Research community would be . Guest a while thats a great question. One of the areas in the decade will be defined by is the efficiency and effectiveness of postelection audit. We have been very big about the need for in order to provide the audit for the sector ccb to those audits in a way less resources helps to provide these that the election is counted though it should be. Sue and . Guest absolutely. I believe a recent estimate is that 92 of voters will cast a vote on an auditable record. That doesnt mean they will all be audited, but over the last years particularly at the jurisdiction level many of the county jurisdictions are taking up practicing audits or other postelection audit tools in order to drive that certainty. Guest there is another question it is from peter. I marries what patterns of intrusions have been blocked have you released Public Information on that threat and who is doing it . Guest we see a lot of the typical internet behavior. One of the interesting things is the of web application scamming actions things blocked by a web application firewalls that occur every day either because secretary of state Networks Host election infrastructure or some of them have other business responsibilities that are also valuable, high assets. This has been one or our understanding of what affects the community has increased a thousandfold. This meant information sharing so the signatures from that type of behavior are both investigated but also distributed across this sector and other Critical Infrastructure sectors. We use automated infrastructure sharing its a tool that is available through platforms a lot of information sharing platforms to the whole of the community. I would like to know what is the biggest risk you are concerned about . 2020 has already been a pretty incredible year. What can we expect to see and what are you all preparing for that may not be on our radar . Guest before february or march i had one answer and ill give you that one this is such an asymmetric advantage to our adversaries they do not have to touch a system at all in order to see where there were problems in claim they had some type of behavior. Spreading disinformation just through other operational facts. And now come as i alluded to earlier operational risks a lot of our Election Officials is as high as ever. The ability to have the appropriate amount of staff of poll workers to support their ability to conduct an election is higher than ever. C1 were almost at the bottom of the hour i would like to eat bring in our public expert for this discussion jeff you have provided background on the national viewport lets turn to the states perspective. Elections are the state and local level. Many states the secretary of state is a chief official to oversee the election. And while governors are not responsible for administering elections, they play a Critical Role in leading state efforts to protect Information Systems and Critical Infrastructure. So with that, we are really thrilled to have experts from the National Association of secretaries of state and the National Governors association got joining us here today. Were also grateful for you jeff that you will stick around for this is lindsay is the cyber Program Manager at the National Association secretary of state. Founded in 19 therefore its the oldest nonpartisan for officials purging manages the associations relationships related to cybersecurity and Election Security, Cybersecurity Administration from Auburn University and a doctoral candidate auburns graduate program in public, lindsay. We are also joined by Maggie Brunner who is the Owners Association Homeland Security and Public Safety program. Shes the leaders of the 55 states and commonwealth she focuses on Cyber Security policy, Homeland Security and Public Safety technology. Maggie holds a jd from william and mary bachelors degree in history. Thank you maggie for joining us. Lindsay and maggie could you share some opening remarks about your perspective . Certainly. I will start us off. Thank you for having me today. And thank you for joining us, maggie and jeff. As dan said my name is libby i am the Program Manager the secretaries of state. We represent the secretaries of state and some lieutenant governors throughout the country. As dan said 40 of our members serve as their states chief election official. That role varies a bit from state to state but all of them are involved in Voter Registration and overseeing the statewide Voter Registration system working with her local Election Officials i started two years ago. I am focus on cybersecurity really every aspect of the job. They oversee election ministration in Voter Registration have other roles as well, business services, state archives and a range of Different Services a couple they have different ranges of responsibilities it secretaries are responsible for they take cybersecurity seriously for every single element of their job and all of the areas they protect what i see as the main role is to facilitate the sharing of information the sharing of ideas and practices across 50 states. We hold conferences alert and their staff one of the major things i do in my role is to facilitate information among the it directors, cios, and others in the Secretaries Office on a regular basis. Certain variety of mechanisms we have two tech talk sessions just about every year we get folks in the room and allow them to share ideas, share challenging question facing into the other states are doing all things. But we see is our major role helping eighth in other states are already doing so to be information sharing and government. As jeff said we had a Great Partnership with other federal agencies other nonprofit organ we see ourselves as a mechanism between the secretaries in the first boy went to thank to the Lincoln Network and we really up to. As you mentioned i maggie i certainly want to do best practices we do not lobby subsidiary 5o1c3. [inaudible] we are responsible in that capacity for pulling together a network of Security Leaders whether its Homeland Security advisors, National Guard, communication center, really i think everybody in the states who is focus from the governors level on trying to improve overall security in the state. As you mentioned and lindsay spoke to the infrastructure here and many states of course governors work with the secretaries of state. That makes a lot of sense with security we were elective figure to what ways we can be allies. This designation is important. What are some ways that states can really states a local theres a lot of overlap. So we went earlier jeff mentioned he had one view about the risks we face it administering elections back before the pandemic. How has the perspective and the challenge facing both secretaries of state change over the past three months with this really unprecedented challenge with the pandemic . As jeff discussed, elections are extremely decentralized and our country with poems and infrastructure policies and practices across the 50 states. And in many cases within the 50 states. It is been a really important with mentalities to individual Risk Assessments, to look at their assets and determine where they need to prioritize to manage risk. And they continue to do that. So covet 19 has made it necessary that space and localities reassess this operations may be expanding or shifting. A lot of the systems we talk about a lot that are Priority Areas for protection, those that are internet connected and they have to be internet connected by the nature of what they are, web odors can go find their polling place or ballot dropbox, or online registering to vote online, requesting an absentee ballot online, all of the systems are Priority Areas before the pandemic. The way that voting practices may be shifting, there probably only going to become more of a priority area as vote by mail may be expanding its only that much more important that we protect the integrity of rotor Registration Data for example has more people want to request absentee ballots only more and that they are able to they have the availability to request that absentee bout online if thats what the state does but individually it will compel the states practice, their systems and what they are doing. They are continuing to assess risk and manage risk. As their operations change, that may shift those risk calculations. One thing that nobody expected was the rapid shift that had to happen. And so, that certainly introduced some new risk, center technology, 70 practices, some connected remotely they do not previously connect remotely. That added an additional thing that states had to do. A big part of the role in state security is to assist their local more than 8000 local jurisdictions across the state that all play a role in this. So states have launched programs like the cyber Navigator Programs for example where they have state staff that goes out and helps their locals do Risk Assessment and prioritize the top five things they can do to best manage risk. So through the cyber navigating program and other mechanisms the state already had in place, they were able to help her local to facilitate to local work while helping local systems they were connecting with. For our number specifically feels very different now. Due to this pandemic governors are including and asking to use their authority to directly work around election demonstrations and unprecedented level for us. During the hurricanes and governors have used their authority with the state emergency death ration and then the whole project mapping this. This is the first time in our nations history that every single state and territories having an Emergency Declaration at the same time. It very different grade right now our members are being asked for difficult questions like what if they use their executive power to close a school in a poll location. What is their role with the pole workforce gap can furlough state employees be used here . Even more complicated or the National Guard . They have issued executive orders for contractors. In the primaries we saw several governors youth pit of authority to move to vote by mail. I dont think we have answers to all of the questions but we are thinking about,. Host thank you both. As a reminder to all of our guests, you are welcome to ask questions in the q a blocker through the chat. The epic question from matthew. Electronic pulp preaching to lines in some jurisdictions including in los angeles. However paper pulp picket weaknesses especially in jurisdictions in huge increases in voting by mail especially in philadelphia what are ways for jurisdictions to use electronic pull books safely and securely . Would anyone like to weigh in on that . [screaming] had maggie. From my perspective that would be my answer to the next about to do more research. We definitely want to build resilience the use of e pull books. They obviously drive inefficiency in the process depending upon the state policy environment. To reduce any type of attempts being at the wrong polling location we are very clear and the need to keep this information and they need to train on the use. One of the things weve seen as a training has gone down as people move to a remote environment it may not be the quantity or the effectiveness of new equipment. People use new voting systems if they are not out if they arent touching machines, learning the machines, operating the machines in short order before the election there is more potential for long lines and the next delays. Just to add to what the others have said and mostly agree, e pull books as jeff said, they add additional options for adding flexibility for your voters. Being able to facilitate sameday Voter Registration for example. As with most things in we focus on resilience of having paper backups when thats possible with your practices having different types of backups training your poll workers on what to do when something goes wrong. Spent a big issue a lot of folks have been focusing on this year we have a lot of new poll workers, where our typical poll worker demographics which is frankly a much older crowd then we will have this year because of the Older Americans being in the highest risk category result lot for poll workers and that is one of those implications. Host that leads into some of the questions that have been asked by peter. Can anyone speak to some of the challenges with the significant investment in design voting machine that have reported to have some operational failures . Also a secondary question from peter is that in georgia there are long lines and some view that it was the fault of volunteers not showing up. Who is taking responsibility for these type of failures as it relates to long lines and challenges with getting volunteers . So as for los angeles i do not want to wait and on that a lot of the challenges weve seen in the primaries differs from state to state i think whats important whats most important is estates are constantly sharing information we have weekly calls with all of our secretaries and their staff to hold elections we can talk about what went right what went wrong and what folks can proactively do it for challenges others may have faced, especially in terms of covid. Theyve encouraged to early vote or vote by mail to social distance on election day poll worker challenge is a valid one they seem primaries whether originally training to be a poll worker either had to back out of being a poll worker because of being in a High Risk Health category or didnt show up so states have had to in the last minute recruit poll workers for innovative methods. Some of even talks about calling of the National Guard to work with her governors to do that. Recruiting poll workers something a lot of the states are focused on doing. They partner with a couple associations in nebraska, ohio did as well to recruit poll workers through different methods than we already are recruiting them. Work with associations for realtors or attorneys or for teachers for example to try to recruit new poll workers. On every panel i sit on anyone in the audience if you want to look for a way to help make elections run more smoothly in november, sign up to be a poll worker, encourage other people you know to sign up to be a poll worker. Its going be vitally important. I went to add to that of someone who comes from this background its important to length card like you mentioned it so important to focus on the future. Through these conversations we have things the sooner we can figure out backup contingencies for every part of the infrastructure, the sooner we can figure out not only the primary, folks you might work on the pulpit others who might need to be a backup, the better we will all be. So our folks, we want to be doing whatever we can to support the secretaries of state and the election directors. Host another question have the chat is from matthew is a shift to absentee ballot and voting by mail slightly that will lead to delays and election counting can any of you speak to the challenges we face there in terms of Public Confidence in the election and what may happen the day after that tuesday in november . A big thing our members are discussing on these calls i mentioned in through other forms, his Voter Education, that is important in every election cycle. It is extreme cycle when operations are changing, sometimes operations are changing closer to election day than we would like them to be. Maybe vote by mail or expanded absentee voting buttons and more states we are going to see slower results. Slower results coming in from the states. For something that election fictionals are talking about now we actually had a conversation about the calls are more votes that come in by mail, probably the later we are going to have results. Its really Voter Education thing, helping people understand that just because we may not know who the president United States is on Election Night or even the next day, or maybe even the day after that, that does not mean something went wrong. We are focused on how to educate them on how that practice will unfold, why it may take longer for results to be reported. Especially that is something we need to be doing now. Everybody who has an audience of voters this is really important thing to be talking about. The question i have involves the Resources Available to the state and the election directors. Over the past two Years Congress is appropriate more than a billion dollars for Election Administration. As we are now approaching the november election, five months away, what you see in terms of resource needs that are out there . Is more funding needed . Or has currently available funding been spent . What is the picture from the state . I think states are all in a tough budget climate. One to be the most objection that came out to the coronavirus is a match. So it something i think we are really focused on educating our members about. They have to kind of wonder what is the purpose of a match to have states have skin in the game which it makes a lot of sense. Or is it to keep people from being able to access because of the climate we are in. So i would say for off the p because in some cases the legislature needs to government before people can be tapped into it. So one common complaint we hear sometimes from states as we are hearing people with access funds were not legally allowed to. Then the hunter within six months. I do think that some point theres education that can happen around state funds were based off of what were seeing in terms now with them having to see if we have to provide additional medicaid benefits furloughing state workers which is really important to understand. They have funding from the federal government we supports stable federal funding for Election Security. The state, so our secretary of state or minnesota now famously has better Election Security now every secretary and a lot of other folks use that line. Not managing risk longterm and reacting to a landscape. Not spend as quickly as possible there getting some pressure to do. When it comes to Election Security funding they are planning how to use those funds over many years. An example i often give the Navigator Program its been identified by many groups is one of the most important things states can do. Its a program where they support their election local cybersecurity. Such estate changes in state improvements state employees have 8000 local election jurisdictions. Its a thing you are fending staff you are fending travel your fending new initiatives for that hopefully for the long run. States are not spending all of the money right away they are playing fort over many years when it comes to Election Security. That is why they want to stable injection of funds from congress they can plan for. And know how much is going to be in how much is going to come. We do not have a position on the most recent funding. In a minute secretaries have encouraged members of congress the match requirement is very difficult. And if theres a way to get rid of the match, i know many states have encouraged their members of congress to help them with that. But be on that we have what we have. So right now the states are talking about how to best use that, what funds can be used to meet that requirement so they can take advantage. This may not be relevant for 2020 but one change Going Forward with vehement nouns you have a requirement for Election Security projects . Theres economies of scale. We were particular product that how they Work Together a lot of the navigators have state there. Seeing a lot of incidental benefits is not just directly using in general we build trust with our non elections and plenty. We are nearing the end particularly any other recommendations you would like to share with our Community Among the country whos interested in this and how they can make a difference. So thanks for that first off i love it when people come and say how can we help . Thats very heartwarming for folks who really want to be focused on the government i think like you mentioned i am a lawyer by training. So we have pro bono requirements i would love to see more of that. Especially now we are at a time of real activism. I dont to discourage people from volunteering in a food bank but theres a very specialized set of skills. So during covid one thing we thought was great the response set up and went into rapidly deployed technology to help the State Government with things like your Unemployment Benefits to the best minds help volunteer with that. Theres a lot of ways to get involved. Towards military the National Guard really does need cyber professionals to bolster their being used in election resilience efforts. You can enable it in your Work Environment employees can at the great way to get involved. Not everyone is so inclined i did mention there are some models they put up during covid. But theres a couple of states around the country that really do utilize cyber volunteers michigan has a court wisconsin, its a great way to help out when theres a problem and also if youre a professional they provide you with hands on training and a more formalized training. There are some states i think in delaware specifically they have a Disclosure Program i do see that in terms of doing it more so. Not as cool as getting a couple thousand bucks from the crowd but the end of the day wed like to see that kind of acacia pro bono. So i will echo a lot of the things that maggie said. Just for Closing Remarks i just want folks to know that although covid19s impact on Election Administration has taken over much of the national conversation, secretary of state Election Officials their staff remain very focused on Election Security. We remain focused as a community on how to share information. We have not slowed down information sharing through the Government Coordinating Council through the relationships. Weve really picked up a regular conversation amongst the it and cybersecurity. There are ways to look for innovative ways to share information. Ohio for example has started constantly feeding information. There is a suspicious activity report thats not the type of information you would usually be reporting. But its more information sharing the better we are continually focused on this by the secretary with in their state of stay focused on cybersecurity throughout this pandemic. Things that tech organizations can do i tend to crowd source the answer to this question from the test group a couple of things they mentioned if you do any monitoring for misinformation, for influence operation, cyber threats, cyber incidents, look for ways you can share that information with state Election Officials, with other government partners. Theres a great way you can do that theyre willing to partner with folks to help our stakeholders get more information. Partnering directly with states and localities that was mentioned many states are looking to launch a Vulnerability Management programs. They are looking for help from the Tech Industry the best ways to do that. If you have an audience, educate your audience on this information and getting information from the trusted sources from Election Officials. In free and discounted services, several Tech Companies partner with states and localities to offer free and Discount Services that have been effective. Reach out to some Election Officials and see with their particular needs are in that area and lastly sign up to be a poll worker if you run a company where you can have your employees sign up for a poll worker as well the great thing to encourage them to do thank you for having me. Jeff, and a concluding thoughts . First, thank you for having me again. Maggie and lindsay were right on. Particular about the vulnerability Disclosure Program when i first was exposed to this sector people characterized history of hostility between vulnerability in the Election Committee i would not characterize it like that anymore it is not what i have seen. The secretary of state, the local Election Officials, the state election directors of all developed more mature robust cyber shops trying to ingest on hybrid attacks via on direct Cyber Attacks they are looking for the most valuable information you can provide an often time for technologists it is the services they can provide. I also want to hire any of their key audience here. That is state legislatures who have a strong impact on this community and in their ability to help educate them on a particular Election Security and many of the resources they have and help them make good policy decisions with their state Election Officials. See one that is a great recommendation, thank you. We are out of time and i want to close by thanking all of our panels for their time and thoughtful perspectives. I know each of you are very busy so we are very grateful you are able to spend part of your afternoon with us. I would also like to thank everyone joining us today the Lincoln Network will hold future discussions on Election Security and cybersecurity please stay tuned for our future invitations including a discussion next week with congressman rodney davis from illinois the Ranking Member of what do you think we can do about that . Protests,lice reform, and the coronavirus continuing to affect the country, watch our coverage of the governments response with briefings from the white house, congress, governors, and mayors across the country updating the situations, and from the campaign 2020 trail, join the conversation every day on washington journal. And if you missed any live coverage, watch any time on demand on cspan. Org or listen with the free radio app. Live tuesday on the cspan energy andhe House Commerce Committee hears from dr. Anthony fauci, cdc director Robert Redfield and stephen hanh on the federal response the pandemic at 11 00 a. M. On cspan