3, 2, 1, 0. Ignition. I am standing in front of the morehead building. The morehead planetarium is now the morehead planetarium and science center. A famous North Carolina family, the moreheads, whose grandfather was governor of North Carolina. An undergraduate student in chemistry. He made a discovery in the Chemistry Lab as an undergraduate that led to the founding of union carbide. Thise 30s he conceded yourof what you did with Science Education contribution would be building on a building a planetarium. The morehead planetarium was the first planetarium in the south. He visited the planetarium and chicago, the hayden planetarium, he also visited the leading lens manufacturer in the world, they arguably still are. Projector toodel a install which was the best in the world. Of education and enlightenment. [indiscernible] is what you will see on the lower half of your television screen. Watch very carefully. In the late 1950s response to sputnik being launched technology with rocketry and Space Exploration. Felt threatened and felt like there needed to be a response. 50swas formed in the late and shortly thereafter it was announced that we were eventually going to send humans into space. And thector at the time head of nasa communicated about the possibility of navigation as the idea being that ancient mariners did sailing the way toing the stars as a navigate, these new pioneers could use the stars in case the Navigation Systems would fail. 1975 the morehead planetarium trained all the astronauts in celestial navigation. The only university in a country that can claim 62 astronauts. For continued education courses with celestial navigation. All accused pretty primitive technology themselves throughout their training. Zeiss projector. The model two was replaced in 1969 which was a better projector. The velocity of the training stayed the same. Usedain technology that it cardboardnt ribbon or attachments they would attach to simulate whatever the capsule is. The idea is that whatever you could do to reorient the astronauts. It could spend, rotate, pitch, and all those things had to be becauseed thats what the astronauts would experience in space. Came here for celestial Navigation Training and needed to know the night sky better than anyone. Those specific constellations and specific stars they can relate to, they could figure out who they were in space in relation to those constellations. They had no horizon when they were space to reference. Restricted byas the side of the windows. Of thelve may be 1 8 night sky that we would see. Astronauts use this in space because they knew where the stars were. Thee were used in all missions because the Navigation Systems were so primitive. Celestialhe Navigation Training was used to calibrate and recalibrate Navigation Systems, the First Mission where it was critical that the knowledge of the nice night sky was used to get astronauts back home safely, was the Atlas Mission faced all kinds of equipment failures including the Navigation Systems that used the knowledge gained from morehead interestingly enough that was the only one of that mission or series of missions that was landed manually. Also the most accurate splashdown in that history of missions. The apollo 12 mission it was struck by lightning on takeoff. [indiscernible] Navigation Training here to recalibrate the Navigation System that was thrown out. The apollo is probably the most Famous Mission that did not land on the moon, the apollo series. F missions we have had a hardware restart. Was a debris field. Jim lovell and his crew could not see where they were throughout the mission because of the debris cloud that surrounded the spacecraft. They aborted the mission to land on the moon right before they reentered the Earth Atmosphere and the debris field cleared and they looked out here to confirm they had adjusted their navigations systems correctly. Gainused their knowledge from morehead training to ensure they made it home safely. We show you that it looks great. We like to say that we trained astronauts, we are training future astronauts. Here toevery visitor see that the sky truly is the sky is not the limit. The pioneers of tomorrow are looking at the challenges of deep space and the challenges of earth. The things we are learning today, we have no idea. People,want is for the children especially, to walk through the doors here to know wet whatever contribution make is an important contribution. 10, 9, 8, 7. Engines up and burning. 2, 1, 0. Lift off. The final lift off. America will continue the dream. On wednesday nasa will lost to u. S. Astronauts into space for the First Time Since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. The astronauts will join the team of two russians and one american aboard the International Space station as the history of Space Exploration continues. And the illfated 1986 Space Shuttle challenger mission. About 15 that in minutes nasa mathematician Katherine Johnson and her impact on key Nasa Missions in space including moon landings. First a visit to the place responsible for the first ever precise measurement of the distance from the moon to the earth. The Lick Observatory in san jose, california has over 150,000 photographs of the moon. J lake was a wealthy businessman in the San Francisco bay area in the 1800s. His fortune was over 3 million in the 1860s and he wanted to be remembered. The president of the California Academy of sciences and george madera, an astronomer who showed him what saturn look like through a small telescope, they were the factors that convinced him that a scientific monument