Website and look at how states were prepared or not prepared for this pandemic. As you look across all 50 states and u. S. Territories, where were the missteps . John well i would start by , saying that federal funds have decreased. The funds that provide states resources they need. To prepare for an emergency like coronavirus. After 9 11, we saw a dramatic increase in Emergency Preparedness funds made available to states and local centers for the rest of the country. Over the years, those funds have been significantly decreased. The Public HealthEmergency Preparedness fund from the cdc that went to the states and big cities actually decreased by a third. The hospital preparedness money that helped Hospital Systems prepare for an emergency like the one we are facing have actually been cut over the years by 50 . A starting point in terms of assessing how well states are doing is recognizing that they have lost some valuable resources over the years that they need to be prepared. Host im going to refer to a piece this morning in the washington post. What comes after the illness. He makes a very simple but important point. That is the pandemic is making us realize health is not just an individual issue. John well, absolutely. I think what we have learned very dramatically is we have a responsibility to each other as a society. And that people need to not just be thinking about what is in my best interest but recognize that , particularly with highly infectious illness like coronavirus we need to take a communitywide approach and think about protecting each other. We are seeing that playing itself out i think around the country as people go into social isolation and social distancing and begin to think about how they can protect their own health but also protect others. Host another story that has been getting a lot of attention com,is available at nytimes. Front page of the newspaper. Blunders costing a vital month in the fight against this pandemic, blaming not only flawed kits but also lack of leadership at many levels and bureaucracy and red tape. Why did this happen . Why so many missteps leading to where we are today . John well, i think it is a complicated story. Part of what we were facing was a brandnew virus, one that has not been seen on the globe. And so there was a lot of complications just in starting up and becoming familiar with the virus itself. Clearly, there were problems at cdc with the test that it has developed. It was not able to be used in the normal Public Health laboratory system. And so, and then when it needed to be adjusted and fixed, it took weeks before that happened. And when you are fighting an epidemic like this, losing weeks is very serious. Because you lose the ability to control the epidemic by initially identifying early cases, containing them, keeping the virus from spreading. So those lost weeks that were associated with the faulty tests and too narrow a definition of who should be testing. Initially, there was a recommendation that only people that had returned from china or had been exposed to someone who was already sick should be tested. And that too narrow of a recommendation meant we were not able to get a clear enough picture of how the virus was spreading through the country. Host what are the lessons as you see what is happening in new york, california and Washington State, and how can they be applied to other states . John it is clear that you need to get ahead of the virus as much as possible. In those parts of the country where they have not seen many cases, it is important to do what in the Public Health service is known as containment. That is find out as quickly as possible where the people are who are infected. And then do contact tracing. Contact tracing involves figuring out who they might have exposed. Contact those people. Get those people in isolation. In the places where there are relatively few cases, you want to aggressively address that containment approach. However, in places where we are already seeing large numbers of cases like detroit, louisiana chicago, containment is not , enough. You have to focus on mitigation. Spreads widelyit through much of the population, you have got to have in place advisories or shutdown orders that keep businesses closed and encourage all people to stand people to stay in their homes for a few weeks. You really need to have different approaches depending on where you are with the infection rates and where you are in the number of cases. Host and to that point, this is a headline from the ap. The virus hotspots growing in middle america. Here are some of the details. The coronavirus continues its unrelenting spread across the u. S. With fatalities doubling in two days. And authorities saying on saturday that infant who tested positive had died. It pummeled big cities like new york, new orleans, and chicago and made its way too into rural america. As hotspots erupted in small midwestern towns and Rocky Mountain ski havens, a cluster of three counties in rural indiana have had a surging rate of confirmed cases. One of them, decatur county, indiana, population 26,000, had 30 cases with one confirms ed death. In idaho, a scenic ski haven now has around 100 confirmed cases of covid19, the highest rate per capita outside the new york city area. Two people have died. My question, does this surprise you, what we are seeing not only in the hotspots but in every state of the country . John it is not surprising. We knew this was a highly infectious virus. We have seen it spread rapidly in china, in europe. And so it is not surprising that it is spreading quickly around the United States. But we are a big country. Where communities are is different, and it is important to do an analysis of where each unity is and get ahead of the infection if at all possible. In places where they have not seen many cases yet, it is important they take aggressive action in terms of testing, isolation, contact tracing. In places where it has spread already to the public, they have got to focus on more aggressive efforts to control the spread, to try to bring down the number of cases and flatten the number of cases spreading quickly. Host website is trust for Americas Health. Our guest is the president and ceo of that organization, which is what . How do you define trust for Americas Health . John we are a nonprofit, Nonpartisan Organization that is focused on prevention and Public Health. We are an independent voice that works with policymakers and also educates the public so they have a sense about what they can do to improve the health and wellbeing of the american public. Host lets get to your phone calls. Bob is joining us from texas. Good sunday morning. Go ahead. Caller good morning. Bill thank you so much. , let me explain to you why we are at this point. Khrushchev of russia said years ago, we will destroy the United States without ever firing a shot. Well, they were not smart enough, but the chinese were. All of our chambers of commerce which is all over the country was the 1909s 1990s was shipping out jobs overseas and telling manufacturers it will cost you pennies on the dollar to have slave labor do this. We shipped out. I know about this. I wished i would have saved the paperwork on it. Have,yway, what do we people like beto tear the walls down, let everybody in this country no matter who they are, where they come from, or nothing else. And you know, all you have to do is think about it. We need to know what started it. That is the problem with this country. California burns up every year because they do not prevent forest fires. Host bob thanks for the call. , John Auerbach . John well, i think that what we have learned over the last few decades is we are going to see what we refer to as novel viruses, or illnesses we have not seen before. And what we do have in public is we have the tools to be able to prevent widespread infection if we use those tools aggressively. And so i would say the most important thing we can do in terms of containing new viruses like the coronavirus is strengthen our Public Health system so it is able to detect infection early and contain it. Host next is jennifer from california, maryland. Good morning, jennifer. Caller hi, good morning. Host you are on the air. Please go ahead. Caller i am calling because most of my friends and former colleagues are all talking about a citizens revolts they believe is going to occur in the u. S. Because most people only have one month of actual liquid savings or anything they can turn for draw to. Most people i know have already run out of money who have either been wiped out from their stocks or wiped out from job loss because unemployment is not reacting quick enough. And i was just wondering, a lot of people said the middle class will now be wiped out because the government is not reacting quick enough economically and nobody has buffers. They believe that i wanted to get your thoughts about the fact that the crime rate, everyone knows, is going to go up, and that there will be no more middleclass. There will now be a revolt and there will now be extremely rich people and then everyone else. Everyone i know around here works for the federal government and State Government in maryland. And they are just sitting at home pretending or acting like their internet is not working or like they cannot get secure connections from home. Nobody in government is actually working. So please respond to this. People are saying the government is going to can you respond to the idea that there will be no more middleclass and then there will be a revolt of everyone who has lost everything . Thank you. Host jennifer, thanks for the call. John, that may be a little bit offtopic, but if you do want to respond, feel free to do so. John sure. We have to acknowledge that there has been an Enormous Economic impact of the pandemic. And that is hurting many people. It is also uncovering the fact that we have had, for many people in the country, a limited amount of resources. People do live paychecktopaycheck. And in areas of the country where we have concentrations of poverty, we will see a greater impact of the coronavirus. Because people are already living on the edge, just paycheck by to paycheck. We need to be incredibly sensitive about that. Congress has passed three different coronavirus acts that have had a lot of money that have been included in each one, that have been intended to not only fight the epidemic but also ease some of the economic and social pain that people are experiencing. I think what your caller indicates is that may not be enough or may not be enough to get to people quickly. That is important to Pay Attention to. We know in Public Health that poverty is highly correlated with poor health. And so it is important for us to Pay Attention to the economic and social impact while fighting against the infection. You, i want to share with this is a headline from thehill. Com, quoting the british prime minister, boris johnson, who confirmed he is battling covid19, saying we know things will get worse before they get better. Is that the same situation here in the u. S. . John it certainly appears that way. We are seeing in new york and other hotspots around the country, that the pressure is dramatically increasing on the Health Care System as more people become ill. There are in some cases going to be insufficient number of hospital beds. There are not enough ventilators. And so it is a lot of pressure now for those hotspots to get ahead of the increase in terms of cases. We want to make sure that everyone in the country that gets gets the care they need. That is going to take a tremendous amount of effort. For example, we have seen a survey that just came out this week from the u. S. Conference of mayors that surveyed 200 mayors across the country. And they identified a need for tens of thousands more ventilators than are currently available. And millions more facemasks and other personal protective equipment. If we are going to get ahead of the curve, if we are going to make sure that as people get sick, they get the care necessary and that we are protecting Health Care Providers who are on the front lines, we have to pay a lot of attention to making sure ventilators are available, making sure personal protective equipment is available. And so creative approaches in those hot spot locations like new york to increase the number of hospital beds are also going to be necessary. Host from westwood, new jersey matthew, you are next. ,good morning. Caller good morning, gentlemen. Speaking of missteps, the worst was the communist Chinese Government refusing to tell the world about this until it was a bit too late. Also new york is number one with the cases, the worst, has the highest amount of cases, because mr. Cuomo and de blasio delayed shutting down the schools in the subways and and the subways until it was a bit too late. And steve, credit to cspan for showing the daily briefings with experts and president trump, whose Approval Ratings happen to be i believe 60 in this crisis because he has taken charge in effective way by consulting the experts and following their advice. The low rated fake news cnn is now refusing to show the daily briefings because they are like a child who is having a tantrum because the president happens to be doing the best he can under these circumstances. And with the military, with the medical People Consulting and making decisions on those bases. It is sad. I give cspan credit for showing the briefings. Host they are all posted on the website, by the way, if people want to check it out or go back to previous briefings. That is cspan. Org coronavirus. But matt please go ahead. , caller thank you. Thank you. Want to say [laughter] we are fortunate. President trump is not a perfect human being, but he is doing as good a job as could be expected under these circumstances. And we are praying also and doing what we can to help our neighbors, help our neighbors. Host matt, thanks very much for the call. Let me pick up on his point and go back to something the president has said and ask you, mr. Auerbach, what is the role of the federal government compared to states when it comes to an emergency like this . This is the headline from the washington post, trump pushing to open parts of the country as governors in hardhit states warn more needs to be done to combat the pandemic. Where is the line between the response by the federal government, the direction of the federal government, and the resources by the federal government . John the federal government has an essential role in a response like this. In other Emergency Preparedness crises and Infectious Disease outbreaks, it has been the centers for Disease Control that has been the key organization. Because you want an organization that is filled with scientists d experts and those who have been through Infectious Disease outbreaks before. As much as possible, an organization like cdc for expert guidance and for resources, the grants i was mentioning earlier that the centers for Disease Control have given to states have been critical in terms of building capacity at the state and local level. Level. As new funding is available, that is going through the cdc and to the states and locals so they have resources they need to respond. At the local level and state level are on the frontline. They know their communities. The are able to look at capacity of the Public Health system, of the Health Care System, and understand also the cases in their community and who is at greatest risk. You want your frontline people to be sensitive to the particular tease of their communities and take action. States and locals have come as parts of their authority, the ability to put in place a variety of advisories herein they play a critical role. Federal government can look at the information coming from the state and local level, look at it with a global picture, provide guidance, provide resources. It is a partnership. You need people working at all those levels. Guest richard, good morning. John auerbach is joining us via zoom from his home in washington, d. C. Im 82was talking years old. A lot of people are dying. Do we know for sure the virus is killing old folks . Are they computing numbers that everybody is dying . It makes me wonder. Every year, there were days somebody dies. It has since the beginning of time. A respiratory illness and can contract the lungs and cause people with other issues, especially if youre older or have previous existing conditions, make them more susceptible to death. I have a sisterinlaw do to pass away any time but there is no virus around here. We talk a lot about socialism. Socialism will save this country for a little while, but the government might be thinking about how we are going to feed everybody of things do not get better. That may be the next big disaster. We will go to joe next in charleston, south carolina. Caller good morning. I did not know until this morning that your wife is a nurse. I have said a prayer for her. Host thank you. She has been for 30 years. All the nurses and doctors on the front lines. They do a great job. Caller just a Quick Response to the last caller. I think there is been a misinterpretation across this country and maybe john could speak to this. I think if you develop pneumonia, that might be what it says on the death certificate. I think that sows confusion. As far as the response, im happy the cares act passed. I was disappointed in my senators standing up against Unemployment Benefits along with cruise and tim scott. And tim scott. Im concerned about the future. I am 72. I grew up standing in line for the polio vaccine. We finally eradicated polio, like smallpox. My concern is that after we develop a vaccine that some people will not take the thing. If we are going to be in a mass again, and im not sure from an Economic Perspective or medical perspective we can into our endure much of this down the road. Isst i think the caller correct in pointing out that when we have a vaccine, which at fort lee seems to be at least a year from now, but whenever we have that vaccine, we are going to want to have widespread vaccination through the country. We are going to want enough people to get that vaccine that we develop what we call herd immunity, which is enough people are protected that there is not much spreading of the disease. Some good lessons about 10 years ago after we were. Ighting the h1n1 pandemic at that point, people may remember we did have a vaccine developed several months or a year after we began to see cases. I was a state Health Commissioner in massachusetts. We were responsible for making sure that vaccine was available to as many people as possible, helping to organize vaccination sites. To beded extra people able to vaccinate so we passed emergency regulations that allowed pharmacists, emts, and paramedics, even Doctoral Students medical students and nursing students to vaccinate. We had to put in place and emergency system to make sure that very quickly as many people as possible could be vaccinated. At the point that we have a vaccine, we will need to have that kind of widespread vaccination effort. We will have to do education of the public so they understand the importance of getting a vaccine. Host this comment from one of our viewers. Pointing out the following. An infant died of coronavirus in illinois. Several young and middleaged have died also. Previous caller believing the Fake News Media claiming it only kills 95yearold is wrong. From governor larry hogan, pointing out over the weekend that at one nursing facility 66 confirmed cases of coronavirus among senior citizens. 11 are hospitalized. Your thoughts . Guest i think what this callers is the earlier and more recent caller, we have to Pay Attention to the data about who is getting very ill, who is dying. This is a novel virus. We have heard a lot from china and italy, but we have to see what the experience is in the United States. It appears from those who have died already in the United States that it is true that the majority of people who die are older adults and that the older they are the more vulnerable they appear to be from the symptoms that are caused by the onus. It is illness. It is true that we are seeing not only older adults die. We are seeing those that are younger, middleaged, and even people in their 30s. A lot of those are not the largest numbers. They exist. Attention toy everyone in the nation and the potential that they could become infected and ill. It does appear that children at mild illness or may have no symptoms at all. People are still studying that to get a better understanding of whether children are getting ill and are able to transmit the illness even if they do not have serious symptoms. That is being studied. There is a lot we need to learn. To our earlier comment, this reflects the need for us to take a collective view of our joint responsibility as a community. We have to protect each other. We have to Pay Attention to protecting older adults. We need to think about this as something that could affect anyone and assume responsibility of trying to minimize infections by paying attention to the physical isolation and physical distancing and doing the daytoday activities that we have been talking about, using hand sanitizer, washing, being careful about not touching surfaces if you leave your house. If you are leaving your house, fromng six feet distance others, avoiding large groups. Those things are important not just for older adults but for all members. John r bock,est is president and ceo of trust for Americas Health. He mentioned serving as commissioner of Public Health for the commonwealth of massachusetts and as Health Commissioner in boston. Thisboston globe has headline. Against a stealthy virus, a majority of residents are united in support of the severe restrictions. We are seeing that coasttocoast. Guest we are. I think at first people were not sure what to expect. This is an unprecedented situation. Call to take aggressive action and close essential businesses in many locations i think was somewhat confusing at first. I think many people in the public now have come to realize that this is a very serious threat to the health and wellbeing of the public and that we have to take collective action. We have seen in massachusetts is the governor has done a good job of educating the public, taking appropriate, evidencebased , relying heavily on Public Health leadership in that state. The public has come to realize those are the right steps and they are appreciative of having a governor getting ahead of the virus. Host renee is next. You are on the air with John Auerbach, who is joining us via zoom. Caller good morning. Thank you for taking my call. My question is, with the experience of china and them shutting down early and people , one atng the virus that be an appropriate step in the United States wouldnt that be appropriate in the United States . Do we know the situation with ventilators in china . Where they needing as many . Are the chinese out of the woods yet . Those are three questions i have. Host thank you for the call from texas. We thought that when countries acted quickly, as the first few cases were identified in places like singapore and taiwan, and south korea, they were able to bring down the infection rate lower than any other place. They took swift action with ,egard to physical distancing Rapid Testing of many members of the public. Find outct tracing to who might have been exposed that might not be aware of this or not have symptoms yet. Those steps worked for those countries. Once you get to the point that he virus is widespread throughout the country, like is the case in italy, it is too late to do some of those early steps that worked so effectively in places like south korea, singapore, and taiwan. There is discussion now about whether you want to have a national action, whether you across take a stance of the country closing businesses for a few weeks. I think that is being debated and considered. That will be effective versus a more localized segment of where people are. There are a number of considerations still being made about how what we can do in the u. S. To best contain the threat nationally. With regards to your question about ventilators, im not aware of the situation in china with regards to availability of ventilators. Informationere which suggests we do not have a sufficient number of ventilators , as i mentioned earlier. 200 mayors across the country were indicating their communitys did not have sufficient numbers of ventilators. Illnesses rose dramatically, as they are in new york. Andng attention to that taking appropriate action steps makes sense. For example, the president utilized the defense production motorsencourage general to switch over to rapid production of ventilators. That may help. We are hearing around the country that the demand for sufficient ventilators is at a high level and supply is insufficient. Host this is a tweet pointing out the statistics people already are raising questions on chinese data, especially comparing it to what comes out from the rest of the world. You can send us a tweet. We will read it. Also, join us on facebook. Our guest is John Auerbach. Tonya is next from north carolina. Caller good morning. I have a comment and then a question. Much misinformation on the news whenever our president comes on. I wish they would just let the doctor speak, no one else, and we will get the proper information. People should the blame him for the virus, definitely not. I want to ask john also. Organizationlth stated this morning that they need that Everyone Needs to be tested. I know we do not have enough test kits to do that, but is it we willat people not know who has the virus, but can people have that virus and not have symptoms . Host thanks for the call. Guest thank you for raising that issue. Yes, we now know that you can transmit the virus even if you do not have symptoms. A period of time before you develop symptoms you can still be infectious. Why this is so dangerous. People can unwittingly be transmitting at even if they feel fine. They can be transmitting it. We need to be take a lot of precautions. I do also appreciate your comment that it would be great if we have widespread available testing. We are as a nation ramping up the amount of testing now. Way too low at the beginning. Now it is becoming more widespread. It is still not easily available in many locations. There still is the prioritization of testing those people who have serious symptoms or are being hospitalized. Hopefully, over time, there will be enough tests for more members of the public to have access to tests. I do not thing we are there yet. Wasfinal thing i would say who should be giving us the most Accurate Information about the virus out incur with her that the scientists, the Infectious Disease experts are the ones best equipped to give us the most Accurate Information. That is why we need to rely on people like dr. Fauci and like the leadership at the center for Disease Control. These are the experts. You want the experts to be guiding us and protecting us i would say as much as possible. You want to focus on what we need to protect the public. Host this from one of our regular viewers and tweeters, who is making the following point, saying south korea and japan have a lower mortality rate from the by outbreak. Japan has no social distancing, few cases. We know president trumps quick action did save lives. Your thoughts about what we are seeing in the u. S. . Locations where at the beginning of the outbreak they were able to take what are called standard Public Health containment approaches, which involved Rapid Testing of large numbers of people, the identification of cases as a result of that testing, and then the interview that would take place with someone who was positive about who did they see in the last few days, then Public Health folks will be contacting people they saw and saying to them, you need to go into isolation for a certain amount of time because you have been exposed. They took the aggressive step early on and south korea, singapore, and taiwan. That meant cases did not explode the way they did in parts of the italyy the world like and like the United States. We just did not have that quick, Rapid Testing of the population and ability to identify cases and get people in isolation fast enough. They did do an attempt to do that in Washington State with those First Community transmission cases. That was helpful in containing the spread in Washington State. Once the virus spreads through the country, then you cannot take those steps anymore. We are not of that containment stage as a nation. We are at a mitigation stage. It is already here. In placeo put approaches like citywide or statewide shutdowns of nonessential businesses and encourage people to stay indoors for two weeks or longer. Testing is the difference. They did. We did not. Loretta in cleveland, ohio. Caller good morning. I do not blame trump for the virus. I blame trump for his slow response to the virus. Commissionedeport last year called contagion. Own staffrumps report, and he is acting as if you never heard of it, never read it, does not care. If you were on fire and someone is standing there with the water hose and refuses to turn it on, what would you think . Host thank you for the call. Guest i think the caller points out that not enough has been from thisotect us kind of outbreak. Manynk that is true for years now. That there earlier were specialized federal funds made available to states and locals through the cdc after 9 11, when we were very aware of our vulnerability for a major emergency. Over the years, congress forgot about the importance of those them down socheted they were significant lower than they had been in previous years. That meant our Public Health system and hospitals had one hand tied behind their back when the emergency occurred. Weould also point out that are seeing more and more Public Health emergencies. The truth is we have been seeing of a wide variety of emergencies. We have seen a Record Number of weather related emergencies in the last 18 months, floods and hurricanes and wildfires. Public health has to respond to those. Seen the opioid epidemic, the increase in suicides. Last year, we were seeing vaping related deaths. The Public Health system responds to those. We have to make sure we do not treat this as an isolated incident where we spent a lot of money now and then forget about it. The key to protecting ourselves on an ongoing basis is to build up strength in the Public Health system, make sure it is prepared to protect us and make sure the Health Care System and Health Care Providers have the resources they need so when an emergency occurs they can respond quickly. Host lets go to alan in hawaii. Caller good morning. I decided i would call in. In hawaii, we have some issues. We are seeing a rapid directory trajectory even though it was slow. We are under pretty much a statewide lockdown, though there are people who are not compliant. I was going to bring up a few things. Irst, the testing i did get a test and was told negative but a single nasal swab only gives you a 75 accuracy. Negative, 25 false which was in yesterday or todays washington post. You are not off the hook just because they tell you youre negative. Abbott labs is getting approval for a test that will have a Rapid Response instead of a day to a week. It is new equipment and has to be transferred to places that need to have it. It gives you five to 10 minutes activity. Guestr previous discussed, was the testing for identifying antibodies. Directory the trajectory and velocity we are seeing should be indicative. I am hoping the administration will not open the doors to more expansion of infection by letting everyone think we are over the hump when certain communities have not really been identified. In my community, very few people of gotten testing. As you said, south korea and taiwan and singapore for Different Reasons have been able to control it much more effectively. I would like to hear more about strategies that could be utilized for different communities across the u. S. Host thanks for the call. This is a related tweet from harriet, who says what early containment and quarantine and states Like Washington have been beneficial . In terms of the point your caller was making, i agree that we need more testing the possibility of having a rapid test would be a great improvement. People have to wait three to five days for test results. Hat can be confusing you should assume, if you have flulike symptoms, that you could have the coronavirus. Take the appropriate steps. If you are feeling sick, call your physician. Stayathome. If weuld not be acting as take a different approach to exposing people if we have seasonal flu versus the coronavirus. Assuming any Infectious Disease should be taken seriously, we should take measures to contain it. Whatuld be good to know those numbers are in the country and hopefully we will have a better sense of that as testing increases and becomes more available. Guest this is host this is the New York Times map. The coronavirus impacting all 50 states and spreading quickly in metropolitan areas including cleveland, miami, new orleans. Is next. Caller could i remind people president and his group their office to mantra was they were going to deconstruct the Administrative State. Science is the ministry of state of the Administrative State of the cree creator of the universe. Statements like without diagnostics science is blind do not come out of the mouth of our president. With hisot align of anive, his ability appeal aiding. A motion. His need manipulating emotion. His need is to deconstruct science so we did not get testing done. Any response or comment . Say, as you have heard me i believe it is important that inviting an Infectious Disease like this we rely on experts. Diseaseare infectious physicians and Public Health experts at the cdc or nih. Let them guide us. Will be the best in terms of protecting our health. Host just a couple minutes left with our guest. Ren in alabama, good morning. Caller thank you for taking my call. People were talking about we need more testing and the Trump Administration is not doing enough. If people would take responsibility for themselves, wash your hands, stay away from people, do not touch your face, we would not have to be quarantined. You compare korea to new york city. They were told to quarantine, they stayed inside. New york had coronavirus parties. If you want to comment on that, that would be great. Host we will go to chuck. Question or comment . Caller a couple items. The first is the temperature scan procedure. I am sure you have seen on tv that there is a person in all the garb and a bunch of people in line. They put together a remote unit up to these up to the forehead. In some cases, they are actually touching the forehead. They get as close as they can so they can get an accurate reading. If you have 50 people in line, the first person has the virus and is not showing symptoms at all, no fever, anything, it is conceivable that that person could pass it to the next 50 people behind them and wind up cross contaminating 1500 the three toou use one ratio. After they bring it up to the forehead, the unit, wether they touch the fort whether they touch the forehead or not, they will bring it down to their side, look at the reading, and then clear it. Host as you pointed out earlier, that has been one of the challenges of this illness, this virus. Initially, there were screenings at the airport. I think that is what the caller was referring to, with an attempt to determine whether were already showing symptoms, whether they had fever or other obvious symptoms of illness and then differentiating based upon that. Unfortunately, we discovered people have had the virus and spread it before they had symptoms. Recognize that, if we are only ping attention to protecting ourselves against those who already have symptoms, we are not doing a sufficient job of the public. We have to assume people can transmit it regardless of whether they seem fine and take appropriate steps. To that point, i mentioned earlier i appreciate what that earlier caller said about everybody having a role here. There is a role for each individual person to take personal responsibility to do washing their hands. Ms of staying away from large crowds. Keep a sixfoot distance. Each has an Important Role to play. The government does, the Health Care System does, but we all have a role to play if we are going to be reducing illness and death. Host what is the next month going to look like from your standpoint . Guest we are going to see cases continue to rise dramatically. This has now taken hold in the country. We are going to see increases in the number of cases. I think we are going to see more communities that begin to see large numbers of very sick people who are putting pressure on the Health Care System. We have to Pay Attention, focusing on making sure weve got the Health Care System with the support it needs, personal protective equipment, ventilators, and we have got to Pay Attention to testing as many people as possible, guided by the guidance based upon the availability of tests and the spread of the virus. It will get worse before it gets better. We have to take aggressive steps to make sure. Flattening the curve and decreasing the number of people who are going to be exposed in the coming weeks. Host john our back is joining us via zoom from his home in washsh announcer 1 cspans washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. Coming up monday morning, dr. John andrus, epidemiologist and immunization specialist at the George Washington school of Public Health discusses the latest response to the coronavirus pandemic. Taxpayers for common sense president Stephen Ellis talks about what is in the 2 trillion aid bill passed by congress. Washington