Should College Athletes be paid outside their scholarships . If your answer is yes, we want to hear from you at 202 74880 00. If your answer is no, College Athletes should not be paid outside scholarships, we want to hear from you at 202 7488001. Oryou are a College Athlete you are a former College Athlete who are you are in the family of a former or current College Athlete, we especially want to know what you think at 202 7488002. You can always text us your answer at chilly8003 202 748 and we are always 202 7488003. We are also on facebook and cspanwj. There was a hearing on capitol hill this week where the ncaa president discussed what the ncaa is doing on the issue of compensation for student athletes. Heres what he had to say. [video clip] there are legitimate concerns being expressed about the fundamental fairness of our system. We share those concerns. We agree student athletes should be allowed to benefit from their ,ame, image and likeness, nil and we are in the process of identifying appropriate ways to do so. After months of analysis by a working group of student athletes, president s, commissioners, athletic directors and faculty members, in october, our board directed each of the ncaas divisions to begin immediately considering how to modify rules to permit student athletes to benefit financially from the use of their name, image or likeness, consistent with the values of intercollegiate athletics. Like congress, our processes thoughtful and deliberate and our member schools plan to make changes no later than january, 2021. Unfortunately, constant litigation, litigation threats and recent state legislative efforts to regulate aspect of College Sports have complicated these efforts. These actions are doubtlessly the product of good intentions but without proper guardrails. L. Structure, some n. I proposals threaten to undermine by allowing pay for play and potentially turning College Athletes into employees. As many have pointed out, a patchwork of different laws from various states will create an even and unfair Playing Field for schools and student athletes. We dont believe our schools can effectively support students and host fair, National Competition if College Athletics is pulled in various directions by state legislatures. It is critical the administration of College Sports be undertaken by the ncaa at a national level. We believe, the modernization efforts currently underway with respect to n. I. L. Will address concerns about fairness but we need to ensure they operate consistent with principles not always aligned. On the one hand, we want to allow student athletes to benefit from n. I. L. Like all College Athletes. On the other hand, we want to preserve the unique character and quality of College Sports, which serves athlete so well. Senators, we may need your help to achieve those goals. Host if you have an opinion on ,his, take our cspan polel which you can find on our facebook page. Should College Athletes be paid . We will bring some of those answers to you as we go through the show. Lets go to our phone lines, where we are getting calls already on this question, should College Athletes be paid. Colorado, yes. R, good morning. Caller good morning. Yes, of course they should be paid. Today if it be here wasnt for the state. K acknowledged that. You cannot trust the ncaa, the big 12. They have been getting paid off Licensing Agreements and have not given players anything. They would not have brought this to congress if it was not for states, such as california making proactive measures to pay the people. The best speaker there was the players rep. These are the people we need to talk to, not necessarily players but people representing players, aware of what is going down. They made some false arguments. 3 , talking physical prowess, a lot of people, this is 3 of the schools population, getting paid off physical prowess but they subsidize 98 of the athletes. Host when we talk about paying athletes, we often are talking about football players, basketball, baseball players. What about track players . Soccer players . What about other sports . Would you advocate them getting something . Caller yes, even the women. Especially off Licensing Agreements, you get paid for what your value is worth. This is a capitalistic society. You get paid on the amount you produce. If you bring in well to a university, you should be getting compensated adequately, especially when you consider the medical risk athletes take. After one year, if they get hurt, they can pull their scholarship. That is ridiculous. Host david, northeast pennsylvania, no, athletes should not be paid. Good morning. Caller [indiscernible] host are you there . Caller yes. Host turn your tv down a little and go ahead. [no audio] college is not to make money. It is made for education. We need education. We dont need athletes getting paid that dont have an education. We should put our money into education and allow people to go to school for free instead of having them pay every penny their family can afford to send them to college. This is ridiculous. Host would you advocate getting rid of all College Athletics . Caller no. Nothing wrong with College Athletics. Most people cannot afford to go to college. Why dont we put money into education for kids to get an education . Not to play for school . This is outrageous. I was in vietnam. I spent a year in vietnam so i could go to college when i came home. If you want to get people in the military, tell them to join and get a Free Education. We cannot get a Free Education in this country. We are paying millions of millions. School, who kids are to rich, little kids who dont really have any problem with it. The third kid can hardly afford to go to college and that thing as an athlete . It is ridiculous. Host chris, grass valley, california, yes. Good morning. Caller pardon me, good morning. Yes. Somewhatfew points contrary on this. , thenal conclusion is, yes remember th is i i know this seems unrelated carl lewis, as a professional may deal in fixed able olympics made the able to accept amateurs. I am not sure of the specifics. I will skips to my conclusion, yes, they should be permitted to earn money. On privacys based and that means private ownership of property. A person has the right to own a living to earn a living from the property they own. Being in education is not necessarily private property but it is protected by a constitutional right to privacy. Why should anyone be denied the right to earn a living because they are going to school . I went through the military. I earned my education through my service. My service was within a u. S. Government entity, the u. S. Armed forces. That is not the same thing as going to school. Public schools are public but they are still recognized as something protected by the constitution for privacy. The other matter more relevant coaches, is that, understand, they can pick up quite a bit of a stipend or some compensation for the contracts they can get students Going Forward into professional leagues through commercial entities like nike. I dont know that that has been just. Ist is just and is done there can be a bonus to an instructor in a Community College for promoting a student or somebe the fbi corporation that is associated with a Community College. I think there is a link that justifies students earning income from what they do in school. Host we want to remind you, in addition to having our poll on facebook, we have our twitter poll. If you think College Athletes should be paid, you can go to twitter, hit yes or if you dont think they should be paid, you can hit no. We are running polls on twitter, washington journal twitter account cspanwj, where you can weigh in on whether College Athletes should or should not be paid. Freshman representative Anthony Gonzalez of ohio played football at ohio state and then for the Indianapolis Colts and he testified in front of congress about the california legislation that would allow some College Athletes to get paid. Heres what he had to say. [video clip] i agree with the idea in principle. Californias law fails to capture the nuance required to get this right. A statebystate approach would throw the collegiate athletic system into chaos, undermining Competition Among schools from different states, even if they compete in the same conference. As it stands, ucla and arizona state, pack 12 members, are now on under on equal footing, thanks to the law. They have an added outside incentive to pick ucla, the n. I. L. To prove off the California Law created the anything goes system that fails to understand the reality of the hypercompetitive recruiting process. Guardrails are crucial to protect athletes from overzealous boosters who may want to buy their way to the next National Survey check. The California Law got one thing right. It forced this into the National Conversation and compelled the ncaa, universities and conferences to confront realities had on. Past several months, i have talked to student athletes, commissioners, directors, administrators, including some of those testifying here. Despite uncertainty on the right path forward, there is consensus something must be done in federal action is needed. 20 additional states are in process of passing different laws. The question is not, should studentathletes be able to profit off n. I. L. . That question has been answered. But how can we present statebystate chaos and protect the collegiate system, beloved across the nation . Host our social media followers on the question, should College Athletes be paid . Heres a text from betty from st. Petersburg, florida. Yes they should be paid. Coaches paid less. Athletes says college are already being paid through a free ride for 4 years. Bringing outside money into the mix will open the floodgates for corruption, much like Citizens United did to our government. Colleges can buy star athletes and that is not fair at all. Another tweet says if schools are raking in millions by using athletes to gain that money, then yes, they should be paid. Not all College Athletes get a free ride. That could help alleviate their school debt. Another tweet says administrators are making millions off the health and welfare and likeness of these athletes. The black College Athletes should return if we are going to be used and make traditional white colleges billions, why not our own . Should College Athletes be paid outside of their scholarship . If you think yes, we want to hear from you at 202 7488000. 80 you think, no, 202 748 02. If you are a current or former College Athlete or a relative or Family Member of a College Athlete, we want to hear from you at 202 7488002. Lets go back to the phone lines and talk to betty, calling from palmetto, florida, saying yes, they should be paid. Caller good morning. I am 88 years old. I have five boys going to school, high school. , there would said not be no nfl if it wasnt for starting high school, going to college. They also be paid. Out but a lot of money they did not have to go through all the training. T theyghs will boys bus today butts, had to get a knee operation, went into the army, it was not fair, these nfl boys make all this money but the training starts at high school. Then they went on to college. Get sometes should kind of thank you or something, besides just a cook out or Something Like that. They should get paid. Host betty, some people would argue and have argued that College Athletes are already getting paid because they are getting a free ride to college. Is that not enough . Caller that is not enough. They getde to college, their knee hurt or something, they are out. Benefit, juste a like the nfl boys. They bus their heads open and stuff, mental problems, but it should be the same thing with college, high school and all. If it wasnt for high school and college boys, it would not be no nfl. Thank you very much for listening, cspan. Host since it has been brought up, lets look at how much the israge College Scholarship for a College Athlete. This comes from scholarshipstats i, averagedivision scholarship for a male athlete 2019,llege now, years 2018 17,660, the average athletic scholarship for women in 18,570. I is those numbers go down as you get into the smaller schools, ncaa divisions 2, 3. Division 2, the average athletic scholarship for men is 6,405 7900. R women, that is the average athletic scholarship for College Athletes. 2018, had revenues of 1 billion so should College Athletes be paid outside of their College Scholarships . James, murphreesboro, tennessee, yes. Good morning. Caller morning. Thank you for taking my call, cspan. Host go ahead, james. James. We may have lost rich, also calling from tennessee, kingsport, tennessee, no. Good morning. Caller good morning, jesse. Great topic. About, thest read argument about the scholarship paid byhey are getting virtue of scholarship. Knowing the cost, if they are getting a full ride, just what that scholarship is worth, of course, the more elite athletes go to the elite schools, certainly, the costlier schools, so they are getting paid more in that regard. If they are going to go, a couple of suggestions would be, and i have heard this before about giving them the option of taking the scholarship money and going to classes or just giving them that inform a payment and virtually making them a professional while they are at college, just employee of the college, not having to go to classes. What they are getting in virtue of an education is providing them, if they are taking it seriously and going to class, they are getting prepared for a career after college. If they are not good enough to play at the next level. Another problem is, how do you compensate people when you have the star athlete who is really versus driving the sport the walkons . What do you do if a player produces one year and does not the next . You reduce what they are paid . One other thought would be to allow them to get endorsements and things like that, to use their image. The better athletes would be paid. That is really what we are talking about. The better athletes, anyway. Perform, theey more money they can make outside and that will allow them to do that. Host william, chicago, illinois, says yes. Good morning. Caller good morning, how are you . Host just fine, go ahead. Caller i am a phd candidate from a big 12 school. Talked to student athletes in classes. Example, each school is receiving 30 million or more. Host for what . Caller based on revenue from that. Sion, apparels, all let me focus on student athletes. Afford to eat. They cannot afford to enjoy time off with their boyfriend or girlfriend. They are struggling. They should be getting a piece of that pie. It is not fair. Moreover, schools are exploring exploiting their likenesses. Example, look at the fab five. Chris weber could not afford his own jersey. Yet, we penalize these student athletes for trying to make a profit off their image. Yes, they should be getting paid. Host william brought up the big 12. Com has a lists of the highest, average athletic scholarship in the country and which schools they belong to. According to them, university of miami in florida has the highest average athletic scholarship in the country. Byision a, followed up southern Memphis University in dallas, Vanderbilt University in nashville, tennessee, Wake Forest University in winstonsalem and Tulane University in new orleans. The five schools that have the top highest average athletic 2018arship in the u. S. For 19. Testertic senator jon emer,ncaa president mark what the ncaa is doing to resolve the issue. Heres what he had to say. [video clip] the more important point is this, patchwork is not going to work. What is currently out there is not going to work. Mr. Everett, sorry i call you mark, we have a list of states, kansas, connecticut, tennessee, nebraska, west virginia. I come from montana. Mark knows this from Montana State university. Quite frankly, great athletics, incredible, you guys have done a marvelous job, ncaa, making this what it is today. The truth is i would hate to have to compete with alabama or duke. I dont think we have enough to do that. How advanced other talks within the a ncaa to solve this problem . This problem of students creating economy that is so good and not getting much of any reward for . Do you want to tell me where you are at in conversations about solutions . I will tell you, to be honest, you dont want us to solve this. You want us to help you solve this. The question is, where are we at in talks . As far as putting stuff on paper . Time is a clicking and we cannot stop states from doing what they are doing. We have to figure it out. Yes, senator tester, as i was a 20 earlier, there is timeline in place, with a target of having this resolved by january, 2021, weather that is sufficiently aggressive or not is in large part dependent do you have anything on paper . We dont but we will by april. In a few months . Yes. Are you willing to share that with other folks . The folks at this table and with us . At that time . Yes. Certainly. You are willing to take input on how to make it better . Absolutely. Oregon, a, portland, former athlete. Do i have that right . Caller i used to play soccer in college. Sport these paid days too. Host what do you think . College athletes should be paid outside of scholarship were not . Or not . Ot caller i am all for people earning a living. I can see that might turn into a professional kind of experience but i, you know, when i got through college, i was there for education for the future. It seems like it would be awfully complicated for young people trying to make decisions for the rest of their lives, you know . It seems like a can of worms. Problemsst having more and the idea of going to school is to get an education for the future. Thanks for your program. I really enjoy watching it. Ohio,justin, marietta, says yes, College Athletes should be paid. Good morning. Caller good morning. I am pulling for athletes to make money, at least off their name, likeness. Anywhere inre or the u. S. , people get paid for their likeness and name. If you have a business and somebody was making money by advertising say, with your business, you would want anybody who has that business to get paid for it. For me, if someone is making money, the ncaa made 7. 6 million or Something Like that off what was it . Even the schools, wasnt that is setting a double standard in the sense, saying schools can make money off athletes but athletes cannot make money off their own athlete money off of their own name. You get where im coming from . Lets go to sheila who was calling from purcell, oklahoma, and sheila says, no. Good morning. Caller thank you for taking my call. I heardon i say no, someone say that colleges were getting 30 million a year for money . That is not true. And in o. U. Supporter know they do not get that money. Does you know that o. U. Not make 30 million off of athletics every year . Caller that is what i am saying. Makes to that o. U. Pay their other athletics comes from their football, because they make more money than anybody else. I have two points. Where is the money going to come from . They dont have enough money to pay for all of these o. U. Football players and their to give, softball, scholarships to pay, so where is the money going to come from . We are 23 trillion in debt and growing. It certainly cannot come from the government which is we the people, so i think they are going to have to pay taxes on ice, and i do not to pay taxes for them to go to school. Think about that education, for people that are 120,000 in debt. They already got paid, i think, from right there. Not having 120,000 in debt. Host we will take a quick pivot because we will have a special issueon to talk about an going on in the news right now. The u. S. And the taliban have reached a truce agreement, or they are moving toward a truce, and we will talk to matthew lee, the associated presss Diplomatic Writer. Good morning. Guest good morning. Host matt, tell us exactly what is going on there with the u. S. And that the taliban reaching an afghan truce agreement. What is going on . Guest right. Over the course of the last thele of weeks, months now, special envoy, the u. S. Special envoy for afghanistan has been negotiating with the taliban in qatar to try to work out this deal whereby tehre there would be a reduction in violence agreement, that could then, if it is successful, pave the way lor a u. S. Taliban peace dea which involves the withdrawal of u. S. Troops, but more a talkntly, starts with afghanistans war ring factions, so what we have is this reduction in violence agreement in the last seven days, at the end of the 7 day period, there will be the signing of the u. S. Afghanistan days deal, and within 10 of that signing which is expected at the end of february, so sometime in early march, the interafghan peace talks will begin. The hopes are that those talks will lead to a peace deal, and the u. S. And other Foreign Forces will be able to leave the country. This would be making good on president Trumps Campaign pledge to get troops out of afghanistan and iraq. Significante because if it does happen, it could mark the end of americas longest running war, almost 19 years and running. Host which u. S. Officials are in the lead of these conversations is this mark pompeo, general scott miller who is the lead american in these talks . Guest the lead american, the person who is doing the heavy lifting of the negotiating is a former u. S. Ambassador to the united nations, and former ambassador to afghanistan and he is of afghan origin himself and he has been leading the talks in qatar with the taliban. Ofexpect in this reduction violence agreement, which is essentially a truce, and that takes hold and there is a week long period of no taliban attacks, he will be the want to sign this deal with the taliban and that would then i sure in the peace talks that would then usher in the peace talks. That eventually leads to the withdrawal of u. S. Forces. It is a significant accomplishment, if it holds. Becauseught with peril there is no way of knowing whether this reduction of violence will actually work, and whether all of the taliban members and fighters will agree to it. And uphold it. Here, as defense secretary esper said today. It administration believes is a risk that is worth taking, so, we are about to embark on it. Host does congress have any role at all in approving or disapproving this, or is this something that will come directly out of the executive branch . Guest know, this would come directly out of the executive branch. The members of congress have been consulted about this. There are quite a few of them, several dozen of them i am in munich at the Munich Security Conference in germany, and there are several dozen, close to 50 members of congress who are all interested in National Security and foreign policy, and many of them have been briefed on the outlines of this plan. Forno, there is no need congressional vote or anything like that for this to go through. Host if everything goes as great as it can go, when would we see a formal signing, a formal announcement of this secession of hostilities . Asst if everything goes expected, after the end of the seven days and we expect the seven days could begin as early as monday, if there is no attacks for seven days, we expect the agreement will be signed somewhere around the 29th of february, and then the peace talks, the interafghan peace talks would begin somewhere around march 10. In terms of troop withdrawals, that will be conditions based, and it will be a phased withdrawal over about 18 months, at least according to what the taliban are saying. It does not just include american forces. Nato ledes all of the foreign troops who are there. Ist we are looking at here if it works and if there can be a deal that the afghan parties themselves are reached, it looks like this is the beginning of warend of an almost 19 year for the United States, which began right after the terrorist attacks on 9 11 in 2001. Host we would like to thank mathew lee, the associated presss Diplomatic Writer for talking to us this morning as the u. S. And taliban reach an afghan truce agreement. Thank you for your time. Guest thank you. Host once again, we are going back to our question of the is,ing, and our question should College Athletes be paid outside of their scholarships. Collegeou think athletes should be paid, we want to hear from you at 202 7488000, if you think that athletes and colleges should not be paid, 202 7488001, and if you were a College Athlete or are a College Athletes, we especially want to hear from you, 202 7488002. Before we get back into this conversation, lets hear from democratic senater richard blumenthal, the top democrat on the commerce subcommittee on consumer protection, which is the committee that held a hearing on whether College Athletes should be paid, and the new California Law. Here is what the blumenthal had to say, he was chastising the Current System and here he outlined and thinks the Current System is unfair. [video clip] our collegehal athletes fueled the 14 billion industry that literally makes money for countless , andnies and agents almost nothing for the athletes themselves. We should ensure that they receive equitable compensation for their hard work and the value that they create. Across the country, College Athletes are being taken advantage of by a Financial Model that has allowed the ncaa and its members to profit off of athletes names and images, and likenesses without allowing those athletes to receive any compensation in return. College athletes risk of their health and safety to play the sports, but in return, their compensation is capped at the cost of attending their college or university. Athletes are not even guaranteed to have costs for sports related injuries be covered by their school and they can have their scholarships are revoked in the event of a college and career ending injury. Deeply unfair, repugnant to the very ideals that the colleges so actively flawed,and inherently as an economic matter as well as marred with inconsistencies. Are barredt athletes from compensation whereas other students are able to monetize their skill in their free time by working such as music students who teach budding musicians or math majors who Tutor High School students. Nolege athletes receive renumeration, no compensation, no financial recognition at all. That has to change. Changed inhing that College Athletes that is bringing up this entire conversation was that california has passed a law called the california pay fair to play act. Lets look at what that act actually says. It does not go into effect until january 1, 2023. It prohibits the ncaa and other athletic associations from barring a university from competition if its athletes are compensated for the use of their names, images, or likeness. It also allows College Athletes tohire state licensed agents negotiate Business Ventures and secure brand endorsements and onasses the ncaas ban players receiving any compensation, and does not allow athlete to be commentating directly by the schools they play for, and does not allow athletes to have sponsorships that conflict with their school sponsorships. California has passed this law and it goes into effect january 1, 2023. But there are other states that are now considering it. Lets talk about what the ncaa, its rules, and what they actually say in prohibiting students getting paid. Yourding to the ncaa, cannot use a recruiting agency, be represented are marketed by professional sports agent. You cannot receive payment from a sports team to participate. And you cannot accept prize money based on performance or your finish as competition. Promote or endorse commercial products and services, and you cannot receive funds or money to offset training expenses. Inht now, californias law 2023 would allow athletes to get around those amateurism prohibitions, and now other considering passing to keep on par with california. This is one reason why congress may be stepping in because of a bunch of different state laws. We want to know what you think. Should College Athletes be paid . Lets talk to marise who was calling from maurice who is calling from georgia. He says yes. Caller good morning, how are you . Host i am good. Caller it is all about fairness and justice. The dr. Martin luther king said legislation cannot change what is any mans heart, but legislation can create an environment for mens hearts to change. I very much doubt that sheila went to the university of oklahoma. In georgia, the athletics millionnt made 134 last year, so i can assume with some degree of confidence that the university of oklahoma may ite not made as much, but was probably close to it. Going to be about werness and justice, and as are, with whom those who accustomed to privilege, equality feels like oppression. So, with that being said, these new pro leagues will create pressure on the ncaa to do something, regardless of they want to do it or not because these 18yearolds and the 19yearold will be able to go play in these professional League Straight out of high school. That is going to compel the ncaa to make a choice as to how it continues to encourage talent to support these programs that not only pay for themselves, and i mean football and basketball, but they pay for the Country Club Sports like golf, womens gymnastics, womens lacrosse, and xyz. Those two programs usually pay for the rest of the programs within the Athletic Department of these large state schools. Trying tof that, i am promote the idea that ultimately, things are going to change. The students, if they are to continue to go to these large state universities to play or to be in athletics, they will be paid, whether the ncaa or right wing conservatives like that or not. They should get over that, and get used for change because change is a constant. You understandn the change has occurred, you have either been consumed by it, or you have adapted to it and use it to your advantage. Host lets take a quick second to remind you that this weekend, our cspan cities tour explores exploreican story as we the history of amarillo, texas on book tv, today at 5 30 eastern on book tv, all of our including aerings, look at the texas panhandle, and as a gatewayerves to learn about the west and world war i. [video clip] the womens how we give credit to as being part of the canon, she is always in a. When you teach a survey of american art, she is not going to be left out and she is also one of the highest grossing Women Artists of all time. She is a really interesting to study for the history of american artist and the history of Women Artists, and she lived in so many different places in the United States. She gives us a good perspective of how different spaces can influence an artist. She was very versatile about nature, but her love of the west was born here. The broad spaces of the west really struck her, and i think it changed her aesthetic. We think this is her first exposure to some of the stuff she thought out as part of her lifestyle and her aesthetic later. Make sure to tune in this weekend to book tv and American History tv as we travel to amarillo, texas. To watch video of amarillo and all of the cities we have visited on our cities tour, go to cspan. Org citiestour. Going back to College Athletics, lets talk to jake who is calling from hampton, new hampshire, and jake is a former or current College Athlete. Did you play now or do you play in the past . Caller i played in the past. I played College Football. Host where you fall on whether College Athletes should be paid or not . Caller i do not think that they should to be paid or i do not think that the ncaa should be forced to pay their athletes, i do not think that any of these athletes are being forced to pay for the ncaa. The previous caller brought up a good point. A lot of these other leagues are creating incentives for younger athletes to join their leagues as opposed to the ncaa. In a goode niaa is position to do something just like that. Is forcing these athletes to play the sports, and i think a lot of them are receiving scholarships and good educations, and are justly compensated. Host lets talk to blake who is calling from mississippi. Blake is also a former athlete. Good morning. Think thell, i problem is that some people are just not as blessed. ,hey are not as gifted as god as they would like to be. They are jealous. There is money in the ability, but the thing is, there are injuries. Your youth. You are only young for a minute and these injuries can last for forever. Whereey have video games they can reproduce your team and make money off you forever. S, people get robbed for 30 years, and you think it is only because minorities are in this. To add insult to injury, after you have become a hall of fame player and you have become one of the best players of all time, you cant get a coaching job. Why . Because the coaches feel like all the good players got all the good jobs, leave a coaching for the white boys. That is ridiculous. We built this country. You dont want to give us reparations. To expect a white man have 18 times as much of a black man and think that is fair. America, slavery is not over. Are talking about College Athletes, we also have to talk about the compensation for the coaches of College Athletes. Here is a story that was in 2017, 39that says, in of the 50 states payrolls were topped by a football or mens basketball coach, and that is not including private institution such as duke or stanford, where coach k and respectively were topped North Carolina california if they were public employees. They actually have a list of what these coaches are being paid. According to their list, nick saban, the coach of made 11. 1tball million. Inney, coach of clemson football, made 8. 5 million. Ipari, coach of kentucky basketball, 7. 1 million. And the coach of michigan football, made 7 million. With coaches making this money, and the ncaa and universities making this money, should the College Athletes get paid . Lets talk to michael from connecticut. Michael says no. Caller good morning. I was just inking about these guys that were playing and if they are really good and college and at the collegiate level, to leave not want and just stay there for a year after year, and how long could actually be there to play out for another season, maybe get into their fifth or sixth season, like john blue and i am likeohn john blue in animal house. Eligibilityaa has requirements only allows College Athletes play for five four years. Lets talk to richard from arkansas, richard is a former athlete. Where do you fall . Caller i played along long time ago, but when i played, it was the college level. A couple of things can happen. Lets say you are the top running back on the team and the local businessman has paid you a tremendous amount of money to wear is local around the school. Linemen are not going to block you if you are making money. But when you go to school, it is not just scholarship and education, you get your meal, and health insurance. And if someone is worried about injury, it is not that much to go through a company like lloyd pro, only 1 d in of the best guys are ever going to play pro, but it will really divide up the team. They are not going to like it if one guy is getting paid and they are doing all of the work so he can get paid, but also, if you someone an arkansas and has a car lot and fayetteville, and they decide, well someone else will offer him 15,000 to advertise their logo, he could say, i will give you 50,000 to advertise my logo, and he will be able to write it off. And as far as people saying that it is a color thing, blackandwhite, well, whoever can play, plays. And someone brought up reparations earlier this has nothing to do with that. If you dont make everything and keep it fair, the teams will start breaking up and will not play as well because they will not have the fluidity they should, but also, it is going to be like once again in the older days, whoever has the most money can pay for the best players to play for their teams, and to be a little political, i am not surprised that this stuff started out in california and everything. I think there are three republicans in the whole state of california, so personally host richard, the average athletic scholarship is 17,000. Makes 8. 5 million a year. Is that fair . Caller if he didnt get pay that kind of money, they would have a lesser coach which means they would not be able to have those scholarships. Power conferences and share their money, and arkansas, they hnically get 40 40 million or 50 million extra a year. He has earned the money is going will agree tou not just your scholarship, but you also have your meals, you have your health insurance. You bring up an average of what scholarships are, i dont know if you are taking the 120 schools that play football or the 330 schools that play basketball. When you use these numbers, yet to look at how many of those are from very Small Schools that do not have many people per school, smalltown, and of course, there scholarships are worth a lot last. Compared to a large school, they are worth more. As far as the average number coming out, i could not tell you because i dont know what the differences when they made up their numbers. How many schools is the average scholarship really 8,000, and how many schools have about 35,000. Those numbers are probably a little bit i dont want to use the words cute, but they are misleading when you look at it in those pictures. Host lets talk to bernadette calling from las cruces, new mexico. Good morning. Caller good morning. Listen, i am not a fan of Contact Sports at all. I will tell you one thing. College kids,e the College Football players at New Mexico State University are exploited. By that i mean, they are being by being thrown into the arena with a college, a pro College Football on their way over there. They are like sacrificial lambs. The ones that come out making the money are the coaches. We wind up paying the mortgage for one of these coaches. A lot of kids from new mexico do not get to play. All of the students are recruited from other areas and so, they are exploited. Some kids need a second helping so they can eat, so they dont go hungry here. They have taken money from academics to give to the athletic program. They never pay it back. You know, i do not like exploitation of any kind. The students have been exploited. It is all of these investments that they come in and they give money under the table, and get a lot of these kids do not even finish college. They are not given financial instruction on how to manage their money. Out anddont have to go get student loans. The is what i dont like, exploitation of these young people. All we would like to thank of our callers on this fascinating topic of should College Athletes get paid. Coming up, we will be joined by catherine waldron. We will talk about Cyber Threats to americans voter system. A guest will be here to talk about efforts to revise the equal rights amendment. We will be right back. This weekend, we are live from the savanna book festival, beginning today at 9 00 a. M. Eastern. Our coverage includes editor of the american scholar, Robert Wilson on the life of 19th century shown in pt barnum. At 10 15, a conversation on women in space. At 11 30, environmental lawyer on his 20 year legal battle against dupont. And recounting the journey of 18 black men admitted in harvard in 1959. At 2 00, the partnership between George Washington and benjamin franklin. Author on identity and teresa and her experiences growing up in puerto rico. At 4 30, counter pillar president on leadership and be sure to watch our live tucsone of the tw festival of books on cspan two. Eastern, an 9 p. M. Argument against medicare for all in a book. Just in december, there were 4 million on a waiting list to get treatment. The Cancer Treatment is not supposed to be delayed more than 62 days there they have not met in the u. K. That standard for over five years. More important, under the World Health Organization study, brits are the bottom of the wrong in most industrialized countries. Washington journal continues. Host we are back with Kathryn Waldron from the R Street Institute. We are going to talk about election certain security. Tell us what the R Street Institute is. Guest we are nonprofit, nonpartisan and get our funding from wide varieties of donors. We are all independence and if you donate to us you agree with us. Me what you mean by friendly fire. Guest most of the focus after 2016 has been people outside the u. S. Trying to get into our system. When i was writing the piece, i realized we were talking about security on offense and defense. We have been talking about the russians but not about not having appropriate training for our own Election Security workers and poll workers. Of training do election and poll workers get and what should they get when it comes to cybersecurity . Host unfortunately, poll workers and election workers, there is no uniform standard for training. It depends across your state and local counties as to what sort of training you are receiving. This can vary widely depending on where you are located. Most workers are trained by the local election officers. It sometimes states to get involved. This training can vary all over the place. Because of the shift towards Cyber Threats, i would be concerned that people are not getting enough cyber training. Specific, who do election workers and poll workers work for . Do they work for the city, counties, states, federal government . Who is in charge . Most elections are run by local officials. There are some states that impact but most low a volunteer for the local jurisdictions. Anyone does the training it is going to be local, not state and federal . Guest exactly. Host we are specifically talking about Cyber Security. What is the biggest concern we have for cybersecurity . Should we be worried about Foreign Affairs or local . Nterference question guest we should be word on a wide variety of levels. The russians were active during the last campaign and expect they will be active during 2020 as well. Ignore potential threats and even human error. Host find what you mean my unintentional human error. Someonetalking about using an easily guessed password, spilling coffee on a pewter . What do you mean by unintentional human error. Host it could be both of those and a wide variety of mistakes. Everyday americans that are wellintentioned serving their country but they make a mistake. Maybe they spill the coffee on the laptop or a password that is too easy to hack into or maybe it is a voting machine that has been connected when it shouldve been disconnected from the internet. Host we are talking about 2020 Election Security. If you want to get in on this ourersation, we will open regular lines. Republicans can call in at 202 7488001. Democrats, your line is 202 7488000. Independents, your line is 202 7488002. You can always text us your comments at 202 6280184. Facebook twitter and as well. Type of any cybersecurity training at all for election and poll workers or is it just whatever the local officials decide they want to do . Guest there are great Resources Available. Any states have enacted some form of training. If you are in one of those one. S, oklahoma has you have had some sort of cyber training toward state and local election officials. However, dhhs has a wide variety of Resources Available. They have free training available for state and local authorities and they also have great Resources Available in regards to assessment that organizations can ask for that will assess how good the Cyber Security is. See and do testing to what sort of the scenarios they would be vulnerable to hackers. We have a question from a social media follower. I had it here and it seems to have vanished. Inhave a question coming which states have Voting Machines that are connected to the internet or to all states have Voting Machines connected to the internet . Internet connected is voting in the United States . Guest great question. Almost no Voting Machines are connected to the internet. You can rest assured that your machines are far more secure than you think. We have found some instances where Voting Machines have modems in them that connect to Cell Phone Networks that can then be connected to the internet. Bey are not supposed to connected during the elections process. You do here stories of instances where workers forgot to isconnect the modem and that one example of potential human error that we want to avoid. Stacy, who talk to is calling from mclean, virginia on the independent line. Good morning. Caller morning. Good morning, america. I have concerns as election port officer. I am concerned that our government, not our government, the republicans are not taking these attacks on our election seriously and doing things to block Election Security. I can assure you eleanor which eleanor or myself is not enough to wage war against a county or a precinct. Could you tell me more about what you are doing or what we are trying to do to get those republicans on board to protect our elections . And also why did he ivanka trump need to go to china to get patents for Voting Machines . What was that about . Do you know anything about that . Guest you bring up a great point, the need to get both parties on board with supporting Election Security. It needs to be a bipartisan issue. It addresses the foundation of american moxie. Democracy. The face of todays politics has created difficulty to find out how to properly address cybersecurity. A recent report was released that the partisan nature of and the obama administrations response to the 2016 interference because they disagreed on how to appropriately address the interference at the time. So absolutely in order to address security at any impactful level, we need to have both parties on board. Host i want to read from your article and have you elaborate. Here is what you wrote, the problems with voting can affect elections. Human error is a major vulnerability in any voter system. Tales of worker error range from optical scanners being left undone and distribution of ballots to the wrong precinct. Some including leaving a memory card with vote totals at the polling site at the end of the day and leaving the door to a ballot box unlocked. Volunteersl workers and should we make them paid employees with required training before working at polls . Guest most poll workers are do receive some form of compensation. This may not be very much compensation, but a lot do. Eceive something most of them do undergo training most states have some requirement and some amount of training. It can be a bit of a barrier in terms of recruiting for workers with certain localities and they can struggle to get the required number of coworkers which is perhaps one reason local officials may be wary of increasing for training requirements because they are concerned about having enough people to run polling stations. Host lets talk to david from orange park, florida on the republican line. David, good morning. Caller good morning. My question is can you give me a specific example of russian interference in the election. I think it is a hoax. But just a specific example of how the russians interfered with the election in 2016 and how they might do it in 2020. Caller great question. Thank you for asking. We happen to know that the russians have probed almost all of the voter data registration bases and we do know that they managed to breach a database in illinois. It doesnt like they changed voter data and that was not impacted but the fact that they could get into the system is very alarming. ,hat is we should be wary about which is their access to our voter databases. Host lets talk to dan who is calling from georgetown, massachusetts on the independent line. Good morning. Caller good morning. Thank you for having me on. Just to the last answer, public voting data is public information. So anyone who wants to get it, that is public formation for anyone to see how people are registered. Its not a russian hat. Where there is evidence of hacking is lets go back to the bushgore. The Supreme Court chose the president of the United States and that is when things started to go off the rails. After that, john kerry versus george bush. The george bush when was a statistical anomaly based on exit poll data. Countries toother using as polls to get a check and balance on other elections, we have no diminished and what we do with our exit poll data is we have two companies collaborate together to do exit poll data and then they receive that raw it. And then they hold onto it is secret and no one is allowed to share any of it until the actual poll numbers come out and then they massage the data to match up with the socalled counted vote. There is no check and balance whatsoever in our entire voting areem and i think we getting a really good look on the democrat side how corrupt it is. The Democratic Party, undemocratic process of collecting their people. It is absurd. Host go ahead and respond. Guest the caller brings up a good point of how do we verify the authenticity of the votes. This is something a lot of states are starting to embrace a , and it isauditing more statistically sound than more auditing behaviors and uses in the past. Colorado has jumped on board and a variety of states are requiring or adopting this type of auditing so we can verify the election results. Is cybersecurity training required for poll work first in all 50 states, or are only certain states requiring it . The trainingest in different states depends on the state and local election official and what they choose. Most of the trainings this is not extensive training. Poll workers need to be trained on howrsecurity but also to use the machines and the daytoday activities going on on election day. Even if cybersecurity is addressed briefly, it may be a four hour training. Ist because something brought up, doesnt mean they are adequately trained. In chargeou are put of cybersecurity for the u. S. Election system, what would you suggest that local and state officials tell poll workers about cybersecurity . What are some of the tips they should be telling them . Guest depending on what you are doing, depends on the tips you need. Aboutis always training passwords. Hishing. P host explain what that is. Guest it is those emails that you get that you arent supposed to click on where it prompts you password, for example. Or an email that says, hey, you can vote here. Shingwould be a phi campaign. Host lets talk to kevin on the republican line. Good morning. Caller good morning. I was calling because you said there were a couple of ways the election can be impacted. That being from adversaries, russia, china. We always talk about russia and we never talked about china or adversaries butarie those also at home and illegals be given drivers licenses and cap will go every noncitizen votes, that cancels your vote. I know in 2016, not one vote was changed by any adversaries, but im curious how many votes were changed by illegal aliens coming in and voting in our system . Guest i cannot give you the numbers on that. Has shown that voter fraud is not a huge issue in the United States, but i do think this concern about the authenticity of our elections is actually one of those disagreements that the russians and other foreign adversaries look to exploit when creating distrust in the american system at large. Another social media follower who says this, as a former election official, one suggestion is that precincts make an effort to recruit a proportion of younger workers. I would like to see College Students recruited as part of community service. It is important to get them involved early on. As a frequent voter, we go to the polls and all of them looked to be older. Do we know the average age of poll workers in the United States, and is that a problem when it comes to cybersecurity . Election Assistance Committee did a survey of poll workers in 2016. They span a wide variety of ages. There are plenty of older poll workers, but also quite a few programs aimed at recruiting younger poll workers from college and even high school. A lot of states require poll workers be 18 and up but they may have additional recruitment programs to try to foster specific engagement and encourage volunteering at the younger level. Younger poll workers might come in more adept at technology, but there is no reason to assume Older Workers are equally adept or cant learn cybersecurity and technology training. , who lets talk to richard is calling from nashville, tennessee on the independent line. Good morning. Caller good morning. What i would like the Election Commission im in nashville and it is a growing metroplex of a city i would like to see the American People need to understand in the state. There are 97 counties in tennessee. That is about 9200 counties around the states. Are in understand why we a rush to get through such election. We have super tuesday coming up and think about it, most Young Students who can vote are in College Classes and most are working paychecktopaycheck and they want to vote and they cant. I would like for the young lady to talk about the structure of each town, county, if there are 200 people or a Million People in a county. Lets have a week of elections and make sure those people gauche i dont mind a young 18son in high school 16 to working in there, but i think they should should have the mental most people where i have voted are older, because they are retired and want to still be active in the community. If you took a young person and mentored them with an older person, you might get a liberal view and a conservative view, but they learn from each other. These is smart about the internet and all that. I would love to see as get away from the computer and get back to paper ballots and do it county to county and spread it out during the week so we have the time and we are not in a rush. Never rush through anything. I will close on that. You bring up good points. One of the difficulties in recruiting workers and volunteers in general is that a lot of people are working or in classes during that time. That is one reason why we do see so many older poll workers volunteer because they are retired. The second good point you brought up is you mentioned paper ballots and the need to get back to that. Electiony, many experts would agree with you that paper ballots, especially in light of 2016 are a very important component. Machines either vote with a paper ballot or there is now a way to verify with a paper trail. Moved tostates have incorporating a paper trail and that is really important for being able to verify election results. Host lets look at this. The intelligence communitys first elections czar was in washington last month and talked about how the government is conquering foreign interference in this years election. Here is what she said. [video clip] i appreciate the spectrum of tools to the United States government to counter foreign influence. Speaking for the intelligence committee, first and foremost, we seek to not only collect against this activity and develop insight and those insights are critical, not only to inform policymakers so they can make good decisions, but more so to develop a level of expertise so we anticipate these moves for they happen and provide the greatest amount of decision space for our leaders in order to best defend the United States. That can find its way into providing intelligence that supports diplomatic engagements, which could range from working with allies all the way to informing how best state department can do marsh countries that are looking into these activities and intelligence can inform the designations for sanctions. You have seen a certain surge in sanctions recently in terms of a major policy mechanism by which we try to impose costs and consequences for this type of activity. On the other hand, several other tools available to us, to help our colleagues in Cyber Command develop their own capabilities to target and stop this type of activity on the network before it even happens. I think what gets a lot of attention is the downgrading of intelligence information, which can be challenging to share that with Network Defenders and those influence operations or social media or Tech Companies so they can use that to better defend their network. It is not just downgrading classified information but a full spectrum of tools that the ic has in the toolkit or we used to inform a broader level of activities across the government. Host is there a role for the federal government, specifically for the department of Homeland Security, in securing the upcoming election and work with state officials . Guest absolutely. Dhs has been active in engaging with state and local officials and having a wide number of Resources Available. They have involved training and creating Information Sharing Centers for state and local officials to share information with one another and hear information about threats coming in. There is absolutely a role for the federal government to play. , who lets talk to thomas is calling from roger city, michigan on the independent line. Good morning. Caller hello. Wondering how the polling is going to be working for the states. Cross the united we all are going to vote, but we have never been able to run for elected did office in our tribe. We want to know how many could be recognized affected by this next election . Host i believe he was asking about the voting systems for the federally recognized Indian Tribes in the United States. Caller that is out guest that is out of my purview so i cant comment on that. Host jim is on the democratic line. Caller good morning. Host let me ask you a question, oryou pronounce it missouri missoura . Missouri. I was born in georgia. A paper ballot now to every voter may increase the voter turnout and would also provide a paper trail. What concerns me more than the actual count of the vote is the results of the vote. Apparently, republicans get more votes. Th less voted tonators that impeach represented 12 million more people than the 50 something that voted to acquit. We are in a state that minority rule. I defy anybody, any american out declare the man that comes in number two as the winner. That is not the american way. Thank you. Several collars and people online have brought up the idea of a mailin ballot or going back to some form of paper ballots, taken the computers completely out of the equation. Is that even possible in Todays Society to hold a statewide or National Election without a computer . That you have to remember national and statewide elections have a whole conglomeration of them. Many jurisdictions do vote with paper ballots and those are optically scanned at a later point or scanned at the moment. There are a variety of options. There are also hybrids. There are quite a few Voting Machines where you press the button but it creates a paper ballot that you can verify at that moment and a paper trail as well. I think it is important to have some form of paper trail involved. You can imagine issues with it but incorporating that back into the system is incredibly important. Aboutwe have heard a lot russian interference in the United States election. What are the other threats to the election system from foreign actors . Is it just russia or other countries . One question that has come up before does the United States do this to other countries . Russia has been the main focus thanks to the activities of the 2016 campaign. We do have a variety of other countries are considered the top cyber adversaries. China, as mentioned before, north korea, iran. We have not seen them engage in the same activity in our election. That is not to rule out they couldnt engage in that type of behavior in the future. Certainly they all engage in cyber activities that are harmful to the United States. Host outside of russia, are there any other specific countries we should be looking at china, north korea, england, anyone . Guest china is the next biggest adversary and iran because of the way political tensions have been hot and cold with them. Host lets talk to tom, who is calling from minnesota on the republican line. I pronounce the name of your town correctly . Caller yes, the morning. Some of the other callers took my thunder, and my question was, why cant we simplify the system with paper ballots so maybe the valedictorians of high schools could count them. Caucus theiowa problems with redeveloping software. My second part would peak, exactly what did the russians do to affect the election specifically . Of adsthey had 100,000 on facebook, but how did they change the voting in our country . Goodlly never heard any specifics on that one. They and you for your questions. Thanks to russia you for your questions. In regards to russia, they launched a massive Disinformation Campaign to political ads and we know that had impacted voters but we do not know whether a change their minds are had preconceived opinions. We also know they did probe many of our Computer Systems in regards to the election systems but it does not look like any voter data was changed in any way. In regards to the comment about paper ballots in iowa and iowa, i think the iowa caucus debacle is a good example of how human error, even very wellintentioned people, if they are not running an app or program that has been properly vetted and tested can lead to all sorts of chaos. Even the lowtech options can still have their own security risks. So adding paper ballots will help simplify things. Most states have added that back in. There were states who had local jurisdictions that had some form of elections, voting machine that did not have a paper ballot trail. Since then, half have or will incorporate a paper trail in some way. Host lets be very specific as far as we know, did any foreign country or foreign actor actually able to change any votes for the National Elections . As far as we know the answer is no, correct . Guest correct. Targetedsian actors the computers and reached voter deity databases in illinois . Guest yes. Host they breached one database but as far as we know they did not change any votes cast in 2016 . Guest correct. Host do we know if the vulnerabilities that allow them to do that have been shored up and whether that method cant be used again . Guest most have been shored up. Arewith technology there constantly new vulnerabilities. They are only limited by the hackers and their imagination. That is why we need to be constantly involved in rigorous testing of all of our Information Systems so that we can be constantly looking for new vulnerabilities. Host do we know how they were able to reach that database . Do we know how they were able to target those election systems . Guest they targeted those systems in those states and even in u. S. Territories in a variety of different ways. Host name one for us. Phishing among others. The russians are very creative. Disinformation. Activity. Widespread from lets go to john lincoln, nebraska on the republican line. Board i have been a voting official for years it currently supervise the board. Found to bes welltrained and we have to have mandatory training before any election, primary, or general, all of the board members. They are very thorough in those trainings. There have been a number of changes with the legislature that have affected us, but they covered that always. That training aside, the one constant we have always had in my precinct has been a paper ballot. I have seen my precinct geographically and it has gone from a very parched Geographic Area to an area 1 5 the size it used to be because of population growth. Major change but we still have the same number of voters in our precinct, approximately, as we had 20 years ago. But it has become much more compact because of the growth. The constant has been the paper ballot and i dont want to see that go away. That is my comment. Fantastichink that is that your precinct has been so wonderful about training. Despite my comments and concerns about the need to increase training, i do think there are many, many jurisdictions out there who are doing a wonderful job with training and should be commended. I reiterate my point and yours as well, that paper ballots really are in important part of securing the american elections. Host lets look at one more video. The leader of the Cybersecurity Team at the conville your office was on this program earlier this they aretalk about how supporting local election officials. [video clip] they do cybersecurity assistance they have staff in the field at headquarters that can provide assistance for cybersecurity issues. Can help with the phishing attacks and how susceptible they are to those sorts of things. They can help with planning for what could go wrong and what if something does go wrong. One thing they have done that is posters in each locality has a number of outerent ones that lays steps in security measures that the localities are taking. Host lets take one more collar her and talk to harry, who is ller, harry. A caller good morning. I would like to bring up the daysof changing election from tuesdays to the weekend or a holiday. Why not . If they are so important in the vote is so important, why not have election on the weekend or a holiday set aside for this very important action . Number two, i was raised as a child to be an example. Family members, look at them as asmples, athletes, get them examples, neighbors, military, politicians. What is going on here . What is happening in america . I love this country. Day ofould change the the elections by moving it to the weekend or making a longer week would that help at all . Guest it might be easier to recruit poll workers in general and recruit people who were cybersecurity specialists already in the field. People wouldnt be required to take off work or classes to come and vote in the polls are volunteer. Host lets take one more caller, renee, from mississippi on the independent line. Good morning. Caller good morning. I think i need to reemphasize that there was no russian attempt to hack state election systems. That we know is that Barack Obamas department of Homeland Security was the only entity caught trying to break into a state election system. The secretary of state of georgia caught the Homeland Security trying to break into the state system without their knowledge or permission. Yount to emphasize, because made the implication that the russians were trying to hack our state elections and that is civilly not the case. Thank you very much. Host do you agree with that . Guest it was very well documented that the russians reachngaged in trying to our elections. Ce report wasn bipartisan and generally agreedupon. Tip if you had one final on securing cybersecurity for the upcoming elections, what would it be . Everyonest and train rigorously. We saw everyone in iowa rolling out new tack and not appropriately testing or training people on it appropriately and it can lead to all sorts of disasters, even if there is no foreign interference going on at the moment. Rigorously and lets not do the russians jobs for us. Host we would like kathryn to think Kathryn Waldron from the R Street Institute. Coming up, inez stepman the equal rights amendment. We will be right right back. Sunday night on q a, a look at president s through the books they have written. The story has often been, and thataw it in the quote kennedys father was pulling the strings. He wanted that Pulitzer Prize and he told another historian that i would rather win the Pulitzer Prize the be president. Because he had a strong desire for literary fame, he got himself the price. In new york city and washington, d. C. , people have been gossiping did kennedy really write that book and it won how much they are getting from the royalty checks. The pulitzer changed the equation and made it a moral question and then ethical question. Leaders realize this. When i was at the president ial library, i looked at the letters kennedy was receiving and librarians and schoolteachers were sending him letters saying, did you really write this book . You wouldnt have accepted that prize if you didnt write the book, would you . Night ond sunday cspans q a. Follow camping 2020 to nevada this weekend. Tonight, live at 11 00 p. M. Eastern, democratic president ial candidates joe biden, Pete Buttigieg, Amy Klobuchar, tom steyer, Bernie Sanders, and Elizabeth Warren speak before democrats. And sunday, joe biden, Pete Buttigieg, sen. Amy klobuchar and tom steyer speak at a forum on infrastructure. Live structure on cspan. Cspan. Org or listen on the cspan deal app. Cspan radio app. Washington journal continues. Host are joined by inez stepman from the independent womens forum and we are talking about amending the equal rights amendment. What is the independent womens forum . Guest we work on all kinds of issues. Our underlying assumption and belief is that all issues are womens issues. We dont focus on just women that you would think are just traditional women issues. We are in the business of looking for policy solutions that help women that are not just wellintentioned but help on the ground with real consequences. Host remind our viewers what happened in the house with the equal rights amendment. Guest on thursday, the house voted to dissolve the deadline 1972had imposed, first in to 1979 and then controversially , which not everybody agrees that it was a legal thing for the to do, then they moved deadline to 1982. We are now in 2020, so both have long expired. So this was to dissolve that deadline and then to completely make it open ended and say weekend ratify this amendment over any length of time. Article thatte an is entitled, democrats rush to damage womens rights with deceptive equal rights amendment. What did you mean by deceptive . Guest what i mean is i think this is being sold as, this is about basic legal equality between men and women. Of thethat 80 to 90 American People agree that men and women should be equal under the law. Is, we already have legal equality between men and women in this country. Women and men nobody suggests that women do not have the right ,o speak, worship, bear arms jury trial, any other rights in the constitution and then the protected and mimicked to vote. The ability to vote. We move from legal equality to the law being rigid and unable whichognize situations in the differences between men and women matter. Fundamentally, i worry that the law l replace the worried that this e. R. A. Will replace the law and put women in harms way. Host give us an example. Guest for example, we have laws regarding Social Security benefits. If you stay home and the vast majority of those stay home are women who stay home and take care of kids, that law amounts to a subsidy, according to some opponents, forced at home mothers and therefore is a violation of the quality principle even though it no longer says men or women. Thatould talk about frequently what comes up is the idea of coed bathrooms, in public facilities. Public schools, universities currently have men and womens sports teams. We are in the middle of this debate about men who say they identify as women, this would make all of that moot because you wouldnt have to identify as the opposite sex. You would say i am a man and i want to run on the womens track team and is not allowed to keep me out. I worry it will be placed into the courts where it is very difficult to change if the American People arent happy with that result. Host one of the things you wrote says, if it chooses to strip the deadline and move the e. R. A. Forward, the house will move us closer to where the law is unable to distinguish between men and women, to the detriment of both. That is what you were talking about then, correct . Regime is, our legal just laid out with equal Protection Laws protect women against scrim and nation, but doesnt forbid the law against discrimination and does not forbid the law to take some situations where it is appropriate to treat men and women different. There is an obvious reason we dont put female prisoners in with males because women are physically von herbal in a situation with a prison with males. That is a commonsense exception to treat men and women exactly the same and equally. I worry is that the e. R. A. Will take away that flexibility to recognize that we are different biologically and there are important differences. We must be equal to treating us the same is against common sense and could be dangerous for women. Host california democrat jackie spears, one of the sponsors to remove that deadline, talked about her attempt for the e. R. A. On the floor of the house on thursday. Here is what she had to say. [video clip] women want to be equal and we want it in the constitution. I am equal on this house floor with all of my male colleagues. But when i walked out, i have fewer rights and protections than them. I rise today because the women of america are done being secondclass citizens. We are done being paid less for our work, done being violated with impunity, done being discriminated against for pregnancies and discriminated against simply because we are women. The e. R. A. Is about equality and sisterhood, motherhood, survival, dignity, and respect. The world recognizes this. Of the 193 countries in the united nations, 160 five have put this kind of language in their constitutions, but not the United States of america. March, me too,s outrage among women is because we have been disrespected, devalued, and diminished in our society. We are fed up. It is no wonder recent votes to ratify the e. R. A. Came in 2017, 2018, and 2020 because we want the e. R. A. Now. Host go ahead and respond. Inst i would say that women 2020 are actually doing well in america. If we look at just about any measure in american society, lowest unemployment rates among records,ce the 1950s, lowest unemployment rates, women hold the majority of wealth in this country, more than men, and relevant to what shes talking about, women hold political power in the United States, because we make up the majority of virtually every modern election. There are more women voting and voting in all previous elections in modern political history, or women have voted then men. That is exactly why we should trust the American People to deal with some of these Public Policy questions. I just disagree with the promise of the representative then women women are somehow secondclass citizens and that we have full equality under the laws and i disagree we are victims in 2020. Simply are not we are doing well. Host i want to read a little from your article and have you react. You say here that if under the e. R. A. If it passes, Public School restrooms and locker rooms remain for the most part sex specific as do women and mens sports teams in public universities. To that extent that transgender students are controversially allowed to make that bifurcation , they are a tiny percentage of exceptions and the e. R. A. Could spaces coed,n only talented mediocrity male athletes and typically 15yearold boys of the burden of having to claim to be transgender to blow female couple tenders competitors out of the water and hang out in ladies showers. Furthermore government grants could be at risk. Do you see that as a possibility if the e. R. A. Gets approved . Guest because each one of those things is an instance of discrimination based on sex. We talk about the word discrimination as, that is a bad discrimination, but under the law, there are thousands of discriminations on the basis of a thousand different qualities and we restrict those that are impermissible to a small category. Each one of those things you listed is in the legal sense a discrimination. When a man wants to join a womens track team that is a discrimination itself when a Public University says he cannot. I was trying to point out that we are having this huge debate over essentially what are exception and talking about how to accommodate transgender students in Public Schools and so on, but the e. R. A. Would make that debate moot because you wouldnt have to identify as a woman in order to use the ladies locker room. You could just be a typical 15 boy who would like to see the ladies locker room and say you cant keep me out and that is a disco nation based on sex. Host that is a discrimination based on sex. Viewers voteet our in. If you agree with the passage of the e. R. A. Call 202 7488000. If you oppose it, call 202 7488001. You can always text your opinion at 202 7488003. And we are on twitter and facebook. Caller. To our first florence, kentucky and supports the e. R. A. Good morning. Caller how are you doing . It defines us as a nation. Living under a constitution provides us sovereignty and privacy for how we live our lives, meaning that as a male, i have full right over my body and my health care. Women should have that too. Wade and with roe v. In the 1960s. Woman has a right to say no to sex, to have privacy while using the toilet or taking a shower. The lines of ivc are constitutionally established. You the lines of privacy are constitutionally established. Guest you mentioned that women have the right to have women only spaces and i agree. Listedarticle it was some of the consequences of eliminating these. There are a lot of women get grants from local, state or federal government and those spaces could be at risk. We are talking about battered womens shelters, most which receive a grant from the government. That is the kind of privacy i am worried is at risk if we were to pass the e. R. A. Because those spaces are often only for women and exclude men. We have programs that encourage girls to go into stem fields or learn how to code. A lot of those in some form or another receive government grants and those would be at risk. If it is aimed at women and only admits girls into a special Coating Program for girls, that is a discrimination based on sex ing programs for girls and that is a discrimination based on sex and i would be worried about that. Host john calling from troy, michigan. Caller i oppose it because when you look at it pragmatically, they dont want equal rights, they want preferential treatment. That goes for any protected class or any class of citizen that wants to differentiate themselves from the general public. That is my comment. In this case, what we are looking at is whether men and women are exactly the same and ought to be treated exactly the same in every instance. We can be equal without having special privileges. We have equal without having exactly the same treatment in any particular circumstance. In the vast majority of cases, it is not relevant to what we are talking about. If we are talking about who can be an astronaut or a chemist, men and women both can be astronauts in chemists and the biological differences do not matter in those applications. If we are talking about prisons or battered womens shelters are the examples i listed, suddenly the biological differences actually do matter. What i worry about is at the e. R. A. Will take away the flexibility of our law to recognize that sometimes its ok to treat men and women differently or separate them because they are biologically different. Host host Carol Jenkins was on the show yesterday. [video clip] this guest gives it a fundamental right caller way to the Supreme Court and the justice will determine there are no grounds for it so its rejected out of hand but this would permanently enshrine the rights of girls and women in the constitution. And thats what we need. Just look around and look at pregnancy, women who are pregnant are still being fired every day in this country because they are considered a handicap to whatever workplace they may be in while adjustments are being made in many cases for the men who may have a bad back or some legal thing that will keep them from working. They are given a replacement or a desk job, things like that. We have to look at is the evidence of the status of women in america we know it is substandard and we believe that the only way of fixing it, we have tried Everything Else during this century of working for the e. R. A. , and it has not worked. We have yet to make progress. We are nowhere near the equal status that women and girls deserve in this country. It requires something radical. It requires Something Big and fundamental and thats what the e. R. A. Is. Host respond to her. Guest the underlying premise is that the status of women is substandard in the United States. Pregnancy discrimination is already illegal under federal and state law. To the extent it happens, there are instances but women can already take those companies to court. The difference is that the e. R. A. Is much broader than that. Another objection that is often brought up to prove the ,ubstandard class of women there is the socalled pay gap but there is a ton of evidence that the pay gap is the result of a free choices by women that on aggregate make they make differently than men. Back in 2009, the obama labor ofartment did a large study all the surveys that have it done, the work that has been done in social science to study the pay gap and they concluded its not . 20, it shrinks down to two cents and they could not determine if that was the result of discrimination. In other words, women choose more flexible hours over higher pay. They make a different decision about College Majors than men do. That is fine. It is find that on average, women and men make different choices because we are different and thats fine. The only thing that isnt fine is actual discrimination where a woman or a man is told you cannot do this because of your but that is illegal in United States and has been for decades and decades. Lets talk to susan from california. She opposes the passage of the e. R. A. Ynez. yes, i agree with there are a lot of common sense things that a lot of the women in congress do not consider. Like what . I had twins. My husband went back to work and i didnt. I already had another son. A lot of my friends are getting very high pay. We have everything we ever wanted. We can vote, we get good paychecks. We get the hours we want and even if i work as a temporary, they always make hours for me and are willing to adjust just so i would be there. They did anything i wanted so i would be there. Agree that the status of women overall in this country is very good. In fact, in many ways we are outstripping men. Women get the majority of College Degrees and thats the gap that seems to be widening first stop. Actions like pay for men and women, for people who do not have children and are younger, women make seven or 8 more in the same way the wage gap is calculated which is average overall salaries for men and for women. Reflective oflly people similarly situated doing the exact same job. To the extent that there is a pay gap between men and women is because women make different choices than men in this free country. They are allowed to do that. There is no reason we should be suspicious of the fact that women make different choices and its fine that they make different choices than men. The e. R. A. And the rhetoric around it is set in opposition to the preferences of what women and they want which is often different than men and its a beautiful thing that we are different stop as long as there is no actual discrimination, which is forbidden under state and federal law and were bitten by the equal protection clause of the constitution, there is no areon to suspect that women secondclass citizens. That was another phrase that was used in the house floor thursday. You start host off your article by saying rude rate or ginsberg repaired thats repeated her view that advocates for the equal rights amendment, among whom she counts herself, have to start from the beginning and the ratification process. Lets take a quick look at the letsy of the e. R. A. And talk about whether this conversation is moved. The e. R. A. Was originally passed in march of 1972 and it required approval by legislatures and three quarters of the state by 20 19. Congress extended the radicalization deadline until 20 until 1982. It seems like Ruth Bader Ginsburg agrees with you that this entire process needs to start from scratch. Is the argument going on in congress moved legally since the e. R. A. Met its deadline . We will find out in the courts but yes, Ruth Bader Ginsburg has repeatedly said she that this process is illegitimate. Theconversation with congress has been productive. Of the arguments were made against it and she convinced people of a similar underlying premise which is we want the law to be able to recognize the difference between men and women in some limited circumstances and the American People were swayed by that argument and they chose not to ratify the e. R. A. Process should work. Our amended process is supposed to reflect an overwhelming support among the American People for adding something to the highest law of airland. In order to do that, we need the kind to have the National Conversation. The present process is just elongated. New host use is this the e. R. A. For failed states short of ratification but since then, nevada and illinois have ratified it since 2017 which is probably why were having this debate because only one norse one more state needs to ratify it. Correct . Guest virginia ratified a few weeks ago. According to proponents, they say they have achieved the 38 states necessary to ratify in the final barrier will be to dissolve the deadline imposed by congress in the senate since they did it in the house. Host lets talk to damien calling from brooklyn, new york. He supports the e. R. A. , good morning. Morning, first of all, the fact that 38 states of past and e. R. A. Amendment shows is pretty dam popular. Son is a all, my transgender person. And hasve years old been adamant about being a girl since the age of two, wears pink, plays with girls and dolls, you name it, has no interest in tractors and this is a person who will probably later in life be using a womans bathroom. The logic that somehow this population of people who are genuinely transgender are going to usurp the opportunities of andn for coding schools other things is just ridiculous. Hand, a boy is going to put on a dress and apply for a coding schools we get the discount. I dont think that will happen and these fears about this stuff they sayidiculous will that putting on a dress and saying youre a girl is just sad. See passing it, whats the harm . He talked about the popularity of the e. R. A. Which is part of the problem with this process. But five oftates those states have rescinded and and backed theer e. R. A. They approved this back in the 1970s. The conversation was different and one way in which it was different is the addition of the confusion over what the word sex actually means in the text of the amendment. We should not be having these approval battles over the course of five decades the way the e. R. A. Is. One continuous time where the American People decide whether it be in or willing mother majority wants to add this to the electorate. About notking overwhelming popularity of the e. R. A. But the course of decades. With regard to the transgender issue, we are having this debate in our country right now. How can we accommodate the needs of james of transgender people and make sure that there was radio brotherhood and have their own spaces and bathrooms and locker rooms, how to balance those things. I think the e. R. A. Goldmans further than bounds and those who think so you wouldnt have to put on a dress to go into these womens spaces. You can just demand access, not as a trans woman but as a man. That would be discrimination based on sex. To some extent, we are having a cold debater how to ship transgender people. That out of the water because you wouldnt have to identify as it was to have access to u. S. Sports teams. You said virginia ratified its version of the e. R. A. In january. Some female legislators it is emily rose up at in the. Ashington post will soon guest i think its proper that we have a lower standard based on sex and not race. Thats the flexibility that is necessary to recognize some of these very real commonsense distinctions between men and women. In race, we dont have that argument, at least not in this century, that there are peoplecal reasons where of different races should be treated recently but the biological differences between men and women are very real. Example, weaker, for physically weaker. Why it is not viable to put them in a mans prison. Its those kind of rationales, thats not acceptable. We dont segregate prisons by race. There isnt that biological rationale. I would call it a flexible standard to recognize that, in some limited instances, treating men and women differently is the common sense to do and protects women and girls. Lets go back to the phone lines and jeff who is calling from warren, michigan and he opposes the e. R. A. , good morning. Caller how are you doing . I want to thank you for taking my call. To youro apologize screener because i got flustered and i called animal wrong line. Then i you through. I did not support it. Thats because of the athletes who get to Work Together and everything. I got a little flustered. Daughter thats in a female forprofit prison. There is already a male in there. Think shes a woman. He is running around their with no close on, all his junk hanging out and its already happening. Your response . Guest we are having this debate already in the context of people are this were biologic who were biologically once essex and then claimed to be a i dont thinkp its appropriate to put a biological manager a womans prison because it endangers women and girls when they are putting with biological man. At the end of the day care reject graph how to accommodate a small number of people. The e. R. A. Would blow that out of the water. You dont have to identify as a woman to run on a womens track team or wrestle or box with women. We see that in mixed martial arts. We have a biological man who is boxing with women and putting them in the hospital because men are stronger than women. We are having this debate in a limited context around transgender accommodation but is the. A. , that almost tip of the iceberg. Host juanita is calling from cincinnati, ohio and supports the e. R. A. , good morning. Caller good morning. Guest,respect to your she hasnt said a word about black women in the debate about the e. R. A. And why we feel we need it. I did not chose to be born a woman. I did not choose to poor black thet choose to work at university of cincinnati for 17 years. Im talking about salary. Lack women are already making less than white women. Whoanic women and bubbly some of the people to. I see the e. R. A. As an economic vehicle for us for should is you have that. I dont think she said anything about that in the article. Guest when you look at the disparities based on pay, we are looking at median salaries broken down either by men and women or by racial categories and it gets more complicated. I dont study the breakdowns myself between different racial categories. That could have all kinds of reasons that have nothing to do with the e. R. A. Full the e. R. A. Would not cure the pay gap because the pay gap between men and women as opposed to different kinds of the itsation, is largely the result of womens choices rules of means you that women juju. Women chained to value flexibility. They place value on different kinds of College Majors. They choose to its two videos measures. Intoey choose to go different kind of College Majors. Women make those choices. Women are going into college, there are they are less inerested this injured it and they have higher pay scales than the women who major in sociology. These are largely questions of preference and choice. Its perfectly ok. I am not bothered by the fact that overall, and men and women i average salaries because they are reflective of the situation new have made rather than a discrimination is already illegal. The difference in the constitution for discrimination on the basis of race, thats extremely high. The only exception is in the case of affirmative action. That has played out in the courts but otherwise, its not lawful for the government to discriminate on the basis of race or even to enforce a private business. Business in private discrimination on the basis of race. In the case of women, the constitutional status gives the flexibility exactly and all the cases i have laid out to recognize the fact that in some cases, the differences between men and women need to be recognize in order to protect women and their very safety in terms of not being put in prisons with biological men or allowing biological men into battered womens shelters. Regime hasutional the flexibility to allow the law to take into account those differences in the limited number of circumstances and it should stay that way. Host before we run out of time, what is the next battlefront . We saw the debate in the house and some states decided to ratify and some states pulled their ratification back. Where should be watching next with the e. R. A. . Guest first of all, the senate. And will go to the senate they will take up a vote on the same question the house considered which is to dissolve the deadline imposed back in the 1970s. Then we will watch the courts. If that happens, we will have to watch the courts of the doj has instructed the National Archivists not to prescribe the e. R. A. Into the constitution because of legal questions about the ratification teacher and we will see those issues go up to the Supreme Court probably. Host do you expect the senate to take action on this before the november election . I cant speak for mitch mcconnell. I dont know when he will decide to take this up. There will be a fight in the senate because two republican senators have already declared their support for the e. R. A. , Lisa Murkowski and susan collins. There will be a tight battle in the senate over this. I hope we have the time and the opportunity to make the argument that this goes beyond legal equality and enforces sameness between men and women that could actually be incredibly detrimental to women and girls in this country especially at a time when we are actually doing very well. Our unemployment numbers are the lowest on record, we are the majority of the electorate, we get the majority of degrees so its simply not true to say that women are secondclass citizens in this country and we are already equal but do not want to be the same. Host lets try to get a couple of more calls and. Thats talked to craig calling from tulsa, oklahoma. He opposes the e. R. A. Amendment. Ppose the i support womens rights. The british thinker in the 70s said the curse of our times is that we think in categories instead of actually thinking. If you actually think, the very people that raise up science as a new lesion or denying science in this. Xx chromosomes and they dont change so no matter what you call yourself, you can find out if they are xy or xx. Thats just science. Thats nature saying there are differences. Also, women have a unique and special different role from men. Women can give birth and men cant. Even in science, you see there are different roles. Those are not lesser or greater, just both important roles. Science. E cannot deny the amusing thing is that it completely agrees with the ancient writings and scriptures that said there are hierarchal roles for men and women. Its funny how they are denying science. In the end, all science and even ancient writings all agree that we are different. And women are different. I agree. We have an enormous body of evidence, Scientific Evidence to show the differences between men and women are profound. The obvious thing is that we are different biologically and physically and that we have different strength levels. Men have more Upper Body Strength but there are all kinds of fascinating biological differences. Women have better periphery ion than men but men have can Spot Movement at a better distance than men. Start withferences folks arguing the sex differences are somehow socially constructed but the differences start in the womb. One of the more interesting studies of the last few years has been you can identify structural brain differences between men and women while they are still in utero. Before a baby comes into the world, you can differentiate between boys and girls brains. Does that mean we are unequal in some fundamental way, not equally smart or capable . Of course not. Going to be consequences if we pretend these biological differences dont exist. Most of the consequences will fall on women and girls and can endanger them. Host lets take one more caller. I think we lost our caller. It happens sometimes. Guestld like to thank our of the independent womens forum for being with us here today and talking about the e. R. A. Thank you so much. Guest thanks for having me, its a pleasure being on cspan. Host thank you for that as well. Coming up, more of your phone upls as we pivoted to the coming nevada caucuses. But first, newsmakers interviews the director of the Congressional Budget Office who talks about how the sepia works to evaluate economic proposals and the president s budget. Here he takes reporters questions about the 2020 Democratic Candidates who favor medicare for all. Several of the democrats running for president in the cycle are campaigning on a medicare for all plan. Those candidates were to win, im sure the cbo is equipped, and if its harder to analyze plans, were not talking about hundred billion dollar changes to the economy but tens of trillions of dollars over 10 years. How does that change the way you approach analyzing a plan . Its the right question with these large policies. The range of uncertainty is something that changes. The economy will be large so just before he arrived, the cbo proof out a report on health my colleagues testified. We started building the analytic capacity to analyze the programs. We are looking very broadly. We are looking at very various ways to expand insurance coverage. The administration has put forward an hra role for reimbursement account so we are looking at that as well and how that would affect the health care system. We are building capacity in all of these ways. You said to be ready for 2021. Whatever direction policy goes, we hope to be ready. Host you can see the entire interview with the cbo director this sunday at 10 00 a. M. And at 4 30 p. M. On cspan. You can also hear it on cspan radio and watch it online at www. Cspan. Org. Pivot to thee will nevada caucus and we want to get your thoughts on whats going on in campaign 2020. We will open up our regular lines for the discussion. The upcoming nevada caucuses call the first in the west and thats next saturday, february 22. We are already hearing a bunch of different stories about whats going on in the nevada caucus and we want to make sure you remember to watch cspan for campaign 2020. We will show you the next few campaigns coming up. The nevada caucus will be february 22 and at staker are 36 delegates. Thats followed by the first in the south primary which will be in South Carolina saturday, february 29. 54 delegates are up for grabs on saturday, february 29 and then 3. Er tuesday on march 1003 hundred 50 seven delegates will be up for grabs. You can watch all of this on and arewww. Cspan. Org free radio app. We are opening up our phone lines for conversation about nevada, the upcoming caucus. Thats behind what happened in iowa and the primary in new hampshire. Senator Bernie Sanders of vermont and mayor Pete Buttigieg are going into the nevada caucus as the two top candidates for the democratic side. We are going to see what happens in nevada so lets talk to lou whos calling from tampa, florida on the republican line. Good morning. Caller good morning. Thank you for picking up my phone call. Klobuchar is going to give a good run here. I think she will do well in nevada. I think shes very articulate. She is a good woman. A lot of fine candidates have come out of minnesota. Mr. Humphrey and mr. Mondale and all things being equal, it will be an exciting race against trump. Ice i do support the shes got the voice for that. That, the impeachment proceedings, i think mrs. Clinton was behind all that nonsense. Loser froml a sore 2016, thank you very much. Tomorrow talk to tamara on the democratic line. Caller can you hear me . To call on the subject of medicare for all. The fact that we are ignoring a few things, one of them would be the amount of money we are already paying into the medical care system. The other would be the inevitability of us paying more money in taxes. Its going to happen anyway so why not get a return on our investment . Since the first caller mentioned Amy Klobuchar, lets show you the ads she is running in nevada right now. Here is. [video clip] im Amy Klobuchar and i reprove this message. 100 ways to resort to restore decency. 100 subject plan to restore america cannot be done in a commercial lets try it anyway. She will workt, to reset our democracy. One of the issues thats coming up during the nevada caucus is the fact that nevadas powerful Culinary Workers Union is not endorsing in the president ial primary. Heres a story out of politico that came out a couple of days ago. Lets talk to jeremiah calling in from birmingham, alabama on the independent line. Caller good morning. [indiscernible] a guy running from new york . Host Michael Bloomberg . Caller yeah, they are more in line with my thinking. I would support whatever democratic comes out. I think millions of americans dont want to be on socialized medicine. The v. A. Is a form of socialized medicine in the United States. Linee time, you wait in for long with veterans actually dying to wait to get an appointment. Highlight these Foreign Countries like sweden and denmark. If you look at the statistics, the waiting lines for treatment is 15 longer than it was a few years ago. , itsocialized medicine doesnt work in my opinion and will not get the best doctors. You will not get the best treatment. You are just not. Medical costs are way too expensive. I hope we dont get socialized medicine. People should have a choice. Dont take away my choice, thank you very much. To turn toe going nevada right now and talk to hugh jackson, the editor of the nevada current and talk to you about whats going on in the 2020 democratic president ial caucus. Good morning. Guest good morning, how are you doing . Host im doing fine. Townht is the clark Democratic Party kickoff to the caucus gala in las vegas. What is the importance of tonights dinner . Thats notnt know the most important thing happening today because early voting starts in nevada today. Its the first day of four days before the caucus which is a week from today on the 27th. This is unlike iowa. The iowa caucus did not have early voting in this the first time im aware that any caucus has had early voting. Typically in nevada, more than half of the voters show up for early voting and i think thats maybe more likely during the caucus when the caucus process itself on caucus day can be intimidating and confusing and such. Fascinating toe see what kind of turnout they get what kind of impact early voting has on the caucus. Its a wild in nevada. And not as a caucus primary. How does the early voting work in a caucus type situation . Guest this is the first time we have done it and i think a lot of people are curious to see how that happens. You go in and voters can go in choice and then they take a second and third choice, up to five choices. These early votes will have to be calculated for the positioning on caucus day because those who dont qualify, the ones you dont get 15 , the second choice votes will have to be moved along in a type of thing. With early voting, people can go in and do it presumably. It wont take very long. It will be fascinating to see what kind of lines there are in early voting places. It wont take long compared to a caucus where people can go in and end up spending a lot of time there. I have done a couple of times. A time dragbit of especially with long lines. What kind of operation do we see by the candidates in the state trying to get people to get out and vote early and trying to get people to caucus for them next saturday . Who is on the ground and what type of operations are they running in nevada right now . Guest sanders has been on the ground a lot, warren has a strong machine here, biden has a lot of Institutional Support but a lot of folks have said he is not put put together as much of an organization. Pete buttigieg has taken a pretty good effort to try to get nevada organized. Amy klobuchar came in later than the rest. In terms of getting people out to vote, this is the difference between a caucus any primary. A primary be would be real run by a Government Official and caucuses are run by the party. In a regular primary old government election, you would see voters getting sample ballots in the mail. They would tell them where they are voting places. Then go. We havent seen that. Campaigns are trying to get messages out to their supporters the best they can but that is another piece of this wildcard. Is the moston this interesting thing to me whether it will be high for a caucus. The caucus turnout is traditionally lower than regular primaries. Lowher it will be high or is a wildcard. Host once again, the clark county Democratic Party kickoff is tonight. Who will be speaking there . I remember correctly, just about everybody. I think all the candidates will be there unless im mistaken. We have had a couple of these events in nevada before. They come in and make their pitch and a lot of folks get little moneyaise a and that type of thing. Seeill be interesting to what the sign is at this thing. There has been a stressful week here in nevada with the Culinary Union and the standard, a contingency of standards getting into a nasty fight in the culinary deciding this week that we are not going to endorse. They assumed biden would be the person they endorsed if they endorsed. Their nonendorsement is kind of tantamount endorsement of biden but the culinary looked at the lay of the land and probably decided that endorsing was a risky move because if they did endorse someone and then that person finished third or fourth, who knows were biden might finish, then it may look like they cant deliver. They decided to take a pass. It would be interesting tonight week carriesch the often his dinner. Hopefully, not very much. Chaos thatso the happened after the Iowa Democratic caucus. What is nevada doing to make sure they dont have the same problem . They have revamped their process and moved to paper ballots on the early voting. They are using Different Technology on caucus day. Caucuses are always confusing. End of at a caucus has always in 2016. It took a long time and it can take a long time for the results to come in. And take these early votes then they assign the votes. I presume it will be kind of messy. I hope it wont be real messy probably be it will on caucus day and it might take a while to get all the results. Hopefully, we will get them, unlike iowa. Host when will we get the result . Will we know the night of or the next day . Im going to just say that i hope we will know that day, on saturday night. I think thats going to happen. Again, this is a process that has not been tried here before. Its 2020, anything can happen. Anybody that tells you they know its going to happen in 2020 election cycle clearly doesnt know what they are talking about. Host we would like to thank you for being with us here today and explaining to us what could happen in next saturdays caucus. Thank you so much. I want to remind you that tonight, nevada clark county democratic kickoff gala will be shown live here on cspan at 11 00 p. M. Eastern. If you want to watch the kickoff to Congress Gala in nevada will include speeches by the 2020 president ial candidates from the democratic side, the Democratic Caucus candidates will be live here at this dinner at 11 00 p. M. Eastern time on cspan, www. Cspan. Org and always free on the free cspan radio app. Lets go back to our phone lines and talk to walter calling from pendleton, North Carolina on the republican line. Good morning. Caller hello . Host host go ahead. New republican. I just got transferred about two weeks ago. I am a staunch donald trump fan. I am tired of listening to the democrats. How are you this morning . Host youre on the air, keep going. Caller i just want to say that i just wish that they could go after these crooked democrats the way theyve gone after donald trump. They lost the election in 2016 and they are mad because they lost their money and they are mad because they dont have any power. Valeriets go to calling from oakdale, california on the democratic line step good goodng step caller morning, how are you . I just believe the party has no Justice System regardless of the individuals for there is a Political Party behind a concept. There is a slight salty scenario which means i stand behind my party but im sitting here why . Because ive have an ice pack behind my back. I can sit here and relate to my president in my local Justice System. We have a strong Justice System. Also, if it is democrat and political, we have a weak system because of the fact that its juvenile. No [indiscernible] because we have never been taught that way. Host lets talk to ronald calling from lafayette, louisiana on the independent line. Good morning. Caller yes, sir. Caucuses, i think they are a joke. And vote foralk in whomever he wants. That when did you cut me off . Host we can hear you, keep going. Suspect that the republicans went into the caucuses when obama was running against clinton and consequently skewed the votes toward obama. They were thinking they could beat a black man and of course it backfired. This time, i think they are doing the same thing, they think bernie, aeat socialist or even a gay person. These caucuses and what have you are jokes. Merit into put any the results of the overall vote when the whole country gets to vote. Become an official banana republic. Coming up this weekend, president ial candidate joe biden, Pete Buttigieg, Amy Klobuchar and tom steyer speaking about the infrastructure plan at a farm in las vegas. This comes nearly a week before the nevada Democratic Caucus. You can watch this Infrastructure Forum here on 5 00 p. M. E sunday at eastern. You can watch it on cspan, online at www. Cspan. Org or you can listen to it live on the cspan radio app. From talk to keith calling hopkins park, illinois on the democratic line. Good morning. Theyr good morning, always bring up that Elizabeth Warren is not a mexican. Bernie sanders is not electable but nobody says anything about jodle buttigieg about pete if hes electable. He will bring out a lot of republicans and i believe he will turn off a lot of democrats to not come out and vote. It seems the media does not want to bring up the fact that a lot the gaye are not into marriage thing across the country. In california and new york, it might not be an issue but the rest of america has an issue with that. I dont want that to represent my country, this man standing at there kissing another man. And representing america. I dont want my president to be gay, im sorry. I think he will turn off a lot of democrats. Democrats could shoot themselves in the foot. Host the caller brought up Bernie Sanders and Pete Buttigieg to lets look at their ads. Rolling up in a family that struggles economically, powerfully influenced my values. Bernie sanders is fighting to raise wages, leading the fight to guarantee health care. Our country is at a turning point. Hardworking people betrayed by trump struggling to survive. We need Bernie Sanders. He will fight for us. Sanders and i approved this message. I am Pete Buttigieg. Providing every single american with Quality Health insurance is not just my plan, its our cause. I go about it in a different way than many competitors. Everybody access to medicare. Everybody. If you are happy with the private insurance youve got, my plan would let you stick with it if you want. Others say its medicare for all or nothing. I approved this message to say the choice should be yours. Host here is a story in the Las Vegas Review journal vermont senator Bernie Sanders leads the president ial field by us by a margin among Democratic Caucusgoers. But all six of the candidates actively campaigning the state this week earned doubledigit support according to the nevada pole. Calling fromndrew ohio on the independent line. Good morning. Caller yes, thanks for taking my call. I was disappointed to see that andrew yang dropped out. He was my number one candidate for the primary election. I dont know who i will support but i would like to see the Democratic Candidates address 100 billion dollars that the federal government spent on corporate welfare. I would like to see adjustments to the post office because they have lost 69 billion dollars since 2007. They lost 8. 8 billion in 2019 so i would like to see one of those candidates address that huge issue in washington, thanks for taking my call. Host lets look at one more in nevada from former Vice President joe biden. A car crash changed his life forever, joe biden took the train home from washington every day to raise his sons. They had the health care they needed. To many families dont. Thats what joe biden is running for president. Ivan callingalk to from south dakota on the democratic line. How do you pronounce a name of your town . Butte southe dakota. We are not privy to a lot of the democratic funds that are passed throughout the nation. I wanted to let the callers know here, you speak of the funding and all of that here in the democrats, we live in the state where its totally republican in the National Democratic spending , their campaigns dont really come onto our reservation in the middle of south dakota, the never have. I would like to encourage all those listening to know that we do what we can and we are a red stay forever. Knowuld like to have you that we have the same issues that every one of you has. Representation in congress. All of your states out there, we encourage you to listen to our same ashat are the yours in every state. Please consider us when you are doing your job in washington if host you get elected. Lets talk to mike calling from washington on the independent line. Good morning. Caller good morning, sir, i appreciate you taking my call. Independent. Trump becauseward of his antiabortion stance. I am very antiabortion. Host go ahead. Wayer i believe the only you cant kill your kids, you know. That, i leaned to the left. Believe thats, i if trump can uphold the antiabortion issue, thats fine with me. Other than that, i dont stand with him but i will have to vote in terms of im Roman Catholic and the church doesnt believe in that. Any democratic candidate could be antiabortion, i would very strongly support them. All we would like to thank of her guests, all of her callers and all of our social media followers for being with us today on washington journal. You can join us again here at 7 00 a. M. Tomorrow morning for another washington journal. Everyone, have a great saturday. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] coming up on the span, debate on the senate floor over the war powers act that would limit to the war powers resolution. Supreme Court JusticeRuth Bader Ginsburg at Georgetown University law center discussing the hundredth anniversary of the 19th amendment which gave women the right to vote. Stacey abrams ran for georgia governor in 2018 and promotes political activism and voting rights. She recently discussed the possibility of being the democratic president ial nominee running mate. 2019, i hadarch of lunch with a guy named joe biden. I had lunch with a lot of other candidates very following that wonderful lunch with the Vice President , speculation began about me running as his Vice President. He did not ask, i did not answer. I got this very unusual question with then service nominee of our party. If that nominee decides if they would like me to serve as their running mate and potentially the Vice President of the United States, i would be honored to do so. [applause] remarksf Stacey Abrams can be seen at 8 00 p. M. Eastern tonight on cspan. Follow campaign 2020 to nevada this weekend. P. M. Ht live at 11 00 eastern, joe biden, Pete Buttigieg, senator Amy Klobuchar, tom steyer, Bernie Sanders, and Elizabeth Warren speak before clark county democrats. Joe biden, Pete Buttigieg, Amy Klobuchar, and tom steyer speak at a forum on infrastructure at 5 00 on friday. On the freee go cspan radio app. Scented debate on a war powers resolution introduced by tim kaine that would senate