Jim campbell, who just stepped in a moment ago, is the president of the board, so ive a stake in the series of talks. Dr. Mark dean agreed to do this talk several months ago. And he was the first one i saw when i came in. So he is here. I think youre in for a pleasure, and hear some really neat things about what is happening in his career. And at the university of tennessee. Dr. Dean is an inventor and a computer engineer. He is local. He was raised in Jefferson City. He went to that Marvelous University of tennessee. How Many University of tennessee fans in here . Show of hands. All right, way to go. So he got his first degree from the university of tennessee. Got his masters and doctorate in electrical engineering. He lost his way from tennessee and ended up at stanford for his phd. Pretty good school. And we have some people here who know about that university. He is an ibm fellow. Is anyone in here familiar with the ibm pc . [laughter] i bet you can tell what year you became familiar with the ibm pc . 1975 . I dont remember that long ago. Harold this young man was on the team that developed it and he has patents to prove it. He was instrumental in that information technology. Im not sure what we would do today if we do not have the pc and everything that goes along with that. He continued his career with ibm and became a fellow, which is the highest level of distinction in that organization. He is a member of the National Inventors hall of fame. He has several patents himself, connected with the pc and other endeavors. It is indeed a pleasure. He has been the interim dean of the university of Tennessee School of engineering, Tickle College of engineering so it is a pleasure to introduce dr. Mark dean. [applause] dr. Dean ok, good afternoon, everyone. Thank you, harold, for the introduction. Im not used to speaking in a microphone because even in this size room i usually can throw my voice. Im also not used to speaking behind a podium. So i may step out a little bit. Just to see better. Im glad you able to come, the number of people here. We can make this more interactive. Im going to spend a little time telling you about myself, technology. The impact on society. A few things we need to think about going forward, or at least i would like to have a conversation around them, and then emerging technologies. Then we can explore whatever space you would like to explore. I do not have too many constraints. Some of you who know me may know that. As harold said, i am from Jefferson City nearby here, Jefferson City, tennessee. I started my academic career at nelson mary, a black school before integration. My grandfather was the principal. So i like to point that out. In the third grade they integrated the School System so i went to the integrated school. I was the last class to graduate from our small high school. Thats a picture of my early years. I went to the university of tennessee. Got my undergraduate degree. I cooped at alcoa aluminum. And way throughy myergraduate which paid way through undergraduate. And then ibm hired me into development. I worked there 10 years on what became of the ibm pc and related technology for the first 10 years of its life. So i have just over 40 patents and most of those are tied to the work we did on the idea pc. The ibm pc. It was called the isa system bus. The thing that defined pc compatibility for 15 years. I will talk more about that. We were actually surprised at how long that existed. We did not expect that we would set the standards to that level. As harold said, i got my phd from stanford. I spent 34 years at ibm. And i have spent my last six years as a faculty member at university of tennessee and as the interrim dean for the Tickle College of engineering. I have been blessed. Many people ask. This is the question i get more than anything else, when you were developing the ibm pc, did you know what you were doing . [laughter] first you step back and say, what did they mean . I think they meant, did we realize the level of impact, good and bad, that the personal computer and related technologies would have on society, productivity, entertainment, information sharing, business models, communications and all that aspects of our lives . So when i recover, i answer the question as no. We really did not realize what we were doing. We did realize that we were building something that would improve productivity for people for people that wanted to create and manage information. So this includes word processing, ledgers, anybody that brought the original pc, this is what you would do. You would design. You would have personal data storage. It was one of the systems that started to allow you to store data locally, versus out in the, the cloud at the time. It was usually an ibm mainframe. Now is called the cloud. History repeats itself. So we did realize we did not realize how much it would affect everyone and enable so much innovation. Just like all previous innovations, the creators could not have fully understood how they would change the world. Now the pcs, laptops, tablets and your smart phones are all integral parts of our lives. Helping us create and share information, be entertained, and to get things done. So again, i was in the right place and the right time, not knowing any better and things worked out. So i have been fortunate. Ive been part of a lot of teams that includes the ibm pc, that includes the first gigahertz microprocessor. Ibms supercomputer called blue jean in new york. We developed a discipline called services science. If we had a few hours i would tell you what it is. I it was interesting. Then more recent work that was done with one of my colleagues you and here in the audience, computing paradigms based on the human brain called noomorphic computing. Everybody asked me what does it feel like to invent . What is it like to have 40 patents . The real truth is most of my inventions are the result of what i would call my superpower. Youre dreaming, right . A vivid imagination. And confidence to believe you can build anything. Everybody has a superpower. Most do not realize what it is or have the opportunity to develop it and focus on their superpower. I have had that opportunity. There have been two primary organizations that allowed me to develop and exploit my superpower. One is the university of tennessee. Without the education i got there, i would not have had the chance to go on and be a part of ibm. And course ibm. There are individuals and without them i would not of had the chance to do things i would have was able to do. The first is von schenklin in my early career at alcoa. Ted davis in my early career at ibm. Rod atkins, wayne davis who is now interim chancellor here. And the reason i came back. My wife, denise. She has been with me and made a lot of things possible. My parents, james and barbara dean. And my grandparents, eugene and althea. A shoutout to them. Because without them, none of this would have been possible. So, we have actually been able to change the world. That would be the way i would have to put it. Not thinking that was the intent. But that is how it turned out. I believe anything we can imagine could be realized, there is a simple matter of three four key elements. Time, money, risk, and determination. I used the word determination. Most people would call that not knowing any better. Determination sounds better. Also most great innovations have that have had the biggest impact on society, have occurred in the gaps between disciplines. Putting ideas together from multiple sources and disciplines to solve a problem or to address an opportunity. Thats where most of the great innovations have occurred. And i would have to say the pc falls right into that category. Innovation being the application of invention to solve a problem is something i am far more proud of than my inventions themselves. I have all these patents. But the real value is what we did with them. Not the patents and the inventions themselves. Invention is worthless unless it has an impact. Unless it changes peoples lives or helps people live better, have more success, be happy, that is the true measure of a particular innnovation. So i gain joy in innovation. Peoplet enjoy watching use things that we built. To watch someone use a computer i have designed or take advantage of what we built that is where the joy comes from. Theres a lot of innovations that we often take for granted. And have ignited significant changes in the world. I just want to mention a few. Just to set up the talk after that. Harvesting energy from burning organic material, we would say diesel engines, gasoline engines, steam engines, these things have allowed us to find breakthroughs in transportation, manufacturing, infrastructure, mining, lots of areas. Thats a big deal. Trains, planes and automobiles have allowed society to spread out. Electricity, wired communication, telegraph, telephone, broadband. And wireless communication. So we wouldnt have television, cell phone, radio, satellite. Penicillin and vaccines are big. I was telling someone earlier, i think the next great breakthroughs will be in biology. Im very high on penicillin , about vaccines, and other breakthroughs that are coming in biology. Aspirin and ibuprofen. Atomic energy. A lot of it was developed here. Plastics. The transistor. Computers, obviously. The internet. And gps. These are things, innovations, and many others, that society could not live without. Today. Right . They have also enabled new discoveries and new innovations. Theyre not just innovations in while innovations in themselves, but they have enabled us to go further. Engineers and scientists often build things as a challenge to their abilities. I have to admit, that is kind of why i built most of the things that i have built. Or that it has never been done before. We are driven by being first. Or because it is fun to watch somebody use something you design. These are the things that tend to drive engineers and scientists. Engineers and scientists seldom consider the impact on society a particular invention or innovation may have. This would be a secondary consideration and probably would not occur after the first prototype or demonstration model was done. So im going to question, this is going to be a question that all great innovations that have had a Significant Impact on society, also have had some negative impacts on society. I want to explore what responsibility engineers and scientists have to help society understand both ends. The positive sides are easy. But can we explain and address and make sure society is aware of the potential negatives. I am going to cover a few technologies and then move on to talk about that in general. So computers. Lets take computers for example. Cell phones, tablets, entertainment systems, cable boxes, all of these are computers, basically. It is obvious the Significant Impact they had on productivity, information and information sharing, new forms of entertainment, business models, complex systems modeling like weather forecasting, Business Opportunities for new applications and services, it is an endless list. It is part of our lives. Now, let me pose this. And i have yet to find someone that we have a discussion but is an interesting thought. Think about this. Computers are the only product where we buy them expecting them to fail. It is the only one we expect to have to reboot a computer or download a new version of software to fix it. I challenge people, is there anything else that we buy that we expect that of the product . Refrigerators, cars. Light bulbs . I but they at least last 10 years. If my computer lasted a year without me having to reboot it. I would then accept that. But i do not get a week out of it. [laughter] [inaudible] dr. Dean ive never heard that recalled before. Im not sure you can upgrade that. Ok. Those moments only happen one moment in time. That is a positive experience when you look back on it. Usually. When you look back on your computer blue screen, that is use experience. So, society now accepts flaws in Computing Products and the computing industry takes advantage of what we have trained society to expect. We will ship the computer industry will ship something before it really is a fully fully tested. Right . You help them out because you test it for them, you tell them about the problems, and they give you an upgrade. We are used to that. We accept that. It feels funny, i was a part of this. Maybe it is ok. Im not going to say it is not ok. But it is strange. Like i said, i feel funny about it. Another negative i would have to say is that computing is insufficient at data privacy and data security. I have to admit that. We have exposed society to loss of sensitive or personal data. Especially to bad actors. And i will talk more about that later. But i have to say that we have built computing and we have gone so far and we do not take into consideration the effects on access to our private information. Maybe that should have taken more thought. So we cannot live without computers, right . If we did, things will slow down significantly. Some of you might say, that might be a good deal, right . Maybe slowing down a little would be ok . But no, the world is not going to slow down. So the question is should society expect some of our great computing capabilities to be used to improve computing reliability . Should we expect that instead of more megahertz, more memory, more storage, more blah, blah, blah, that some of that should be used to make computers last more years, like a light bulb . I do not know. Could we use the capability to provide better protection to our data . Maybe. Right . Maybe it could provide more independence for people that has no relevance to their social status or financial status. Right . Maybe it would open up new opportunities for everyone. Not just the few that can have access to it. The question is, can Consumer Expectation demand have a major effect on vendors and what they offer . Yes, it can but we have to decide that that is what we want. That we want something, something better. And expect that, and drive the industry, maybe. Like i said, the upside of computing, the productivity and efficiencies are significant. We see that and we accept some of the downsides because of the significant upside. There are other technologies. Other technologies that we every day and have s. Sitive sp plastic. A huge example. I do not think we could live without plastic. Packaging of food, distribution of food, reduction in waste, it has been a big deal for us. But the challenge with plastics is, as you all know, waste. And the potential contamination of our environment. Again, im not going to blame the innovators of plastic or the technology, because it is something we can address. But obviously these are types of things we have to thing about. The internet is another one. Again, without the internet we would not have the great sharing of information, social media, all the great things we have come to enjoy having internet, even netflix and the things that provides, amazon would not be here without the internet. But i have to admit, the internet has exposed our information, personal information, our finances, our confidential records to exposure on a scale not before possible. Before the internet, you had to break into an Office Building and get something. Then it is local. Now i can sit in my living room. And i can get access to a lot of stuff. So, something to think about. Just something to think about. Again, im not trying to denigrate or downgrade these great breakthroughs. We just need to have these conversations. That is all im trying to expose. So, like a said, i do not wish to suggest that we should not have developed or deployed these technologies. The question is, should we as engineers and scientists, and im talking about myself, have identified and minimized the negatives of these technologies before they were deployed, or early in their deployment . And if we had, would anybody have listened . If we had said, wait a minute, heres some of the downside. Would people have paid attention . Or would they run off and say thats great, but im going to do this and this is gonna be good. Could way as innovators have known ahead of time the downside of distribution and use of these technologies . Could we have predicted it . When we were doing the ibm pc, we did not predict a lot of stuff. We do not know any better. It kind of took off. But we could have given it a lot more thought. Is that our responsibility as engineers and scientists to notify and protect society from the potential downsides and dangers of a Given Technology . The real question is who is liable for any damages or losses incurred from the use of a Given Technology . Who is responsible . I will leave you with that thought. Lets talk about the newest commodity to be leveraged by us , individuals, and businesses. Anybody want to guess . Ai. Dr. Dean no, it is a commodity. Here is what i think. It is data. Just data. Just data. It gets big because theres a lot of it. The potential revenues and Profit Margins for the creation, collection, integration, analysis, distribution and sale of data and information is greater than any other commodity. Right . So Data Information is quickly becoming the new world currency. Far exceeding import and export of any other commodity. Just moving data around. Is a bigger import and export commodity than anything else. And theres going to be more money made on that movement of data than any other commodity. Than any commodity you can think of. This will far exceed the revenues associated with it. Just moving bits around. Just bits. That is all it is. Theres a lot of money in that business. So, Companies Like amazon and ebay, google, facebook, ups, microsoft, ibm, b of a, accenture, and many others are making large amounts of money collecting, analyzing, analyzing, leveraging, and distributing data. No manufacturing required. People sitting in an Office Building, airconditioned, moving bits around. All these companies are delivering products and services that contribute to our prosperity. Because they are doing it, we are enjoying that. That prosperity they are providing. Another question, what responsibly do they have in in protecting this information we have gathered, that they are gathering and creating . Should these companies treat our data like banks treat our money . Or maybe banks used to treat our money . What penalty should be levied on the loss of this data . What value should we place on things like Social Security numbers and medical records and banking account information or purchases. Emails and tweets and website visits. Information on our physical activities and pictures or videos, and all of Data Information. What value should we place on that . Should we start treating Data Information like precious metal . Gold or platinum. Should we think of it that way . Or maybe like a currency . Maybe we should treat data like a currency . I do not have the answer. I like talking about it. I like imagining that. People do not realize the value that is in this information. They do not realize how much money is being made because they are moving stuff around that you actually have provided. It is a commodity. So we probably need to have this conversation. We need to consider the policies that are required to protect us as individuals and our organizations. Heres one of my biggest concerns. It has to do with what could be the next downturn in the Global Economy. Again, i do not know any better. One of my superpowers. So im going to say this. It will be interesting to hear your response. I think one of the potential things that could cause a downturn in the Global Economy would be the lack of trust. The lack of trust in online information and transactions. I was talking to brian here in the room, we coined this phenomenon as a trust bubble. What if we had a trust bubble . Such that this would be an environment where individual companies and governments could not trust online correspondence and transactions. So emails, advertisements, retail websites, information sources, news feeds, social media sites and all the others, could be sufficiently untrusted, not completely untrusted, but sufficiently untrusted to restrict transactions, information sharing and productivity. So if entities and transactions and content on the internet become just marginally untrusted, progress in our Global Cultural awareness and Global Economy, and working globally to solve problems, stalls. If i all the sudden cannot open up an email because i do not trust that it is from who it says its from. Or if i cannot order something from a company because i cannot trust that theyre going to deliver that commodity to me. I stall. If i cannot interact with a colleague because i cannot trust that the email or file that im getting is actually from him, or is clean, or is uncorrupted, i stall. Now i cannot do anything. All right. So if this happens again this is speculative. If this happens, is there a way for us to address this potential issue . Can we deal with this before it becomes reality . If you believe it could become reality . And anytime you have sat in front of your computer and gotten an email and you look at and question whether it really is from bank of america, an insurance company, or someone trying to sell you something, and you have not clicked on it because you do not want to, you do not want to contaminate your system, you have now suffered that lack of trust. It is a bubble. All of a sudden we all stall. Can we deal with it . Im going to say yes. It is going to take work. But im going to say yes we can. We need governments, companies, academic institutions and individuals to Work Together globally to establish transparent and effective policies toward providing trusted and secure transactions and information sharing. On the internet. That is a lot to say. Its basically that we can Work Together to fix this. There are technologies to do it. Some of that technologies that can help with this is, and again, its not all of them. And we can argue whether this would work or not some of them i think could help our block chain, agents, Realtime Data analytics, data providence, encryption, and data use and privacy policies that would go a long way to alleviating the trust in this environment. Engineers and scientists, it turns out, are second only to nurses in the trust that society has toward their insights and guidance. So, that feels good, right . Nurses are number one. Everybody kind of trusts nurses. Engineers are next. So i tell my students, you carry extra responsibility because of that. My mother depends on you getting it right. And protecting her from everything that is coming at her. So take on that responsibility and make sure you keep her out of trouble. Because engineers have a huge impact. Engineers make up about 1. 5 of society. But the impact an engineer can have is on hundreds of thousands of people. One little application, one little toy. It is huge. My mother buys those things. I need to make sure that she is ok. This means we have a primary responsibility to clearly explain how technology can help us be more prosperous, happy, and protected my experience says that when institutions and individuals are transparent and open and share ideas, technology, and innovation, we create a bigger market. More prosperity. Safer products. And a higher dependence on each other. Thus a more trusted environment to live work and play. If i have a higher dependence on you, i have to have a higher trust for us to live and Work Together. And a willingness to accept and embrace diversity, diversity of thought, will also help strengthen trust in these interactions. So, it is not just technology, we also have to appreciate each others differences. And see the value in that. We are stronger and more protected when we Work Together. When we Share Technology and knowhow. Markets are created, become more trusted, and grow faster, for people and organizations and companies when we all can participate. The Marsh Corporation calls this the economics of mutuality. Everybody in the society benefits. As always, technology is an enabler. It is a tool like a hammer. We have to figure out how best to use it. And how best to protect ourselves from people that may want to use it for bad. No matter what it is, you can use it for good and somebody can figure how to use it for bad. So to increase awareness of technology capabilities, and the continued Technology Development of technologies that protect our well being will be key to avoiding this potential downturn, economic disruption, negative effect that might be realized in our present environment. So i can ramble about technology. Ive got a lot of things we are working on. Given the size of the audience, i thought it would be a good time to pause and see if theres something you want to talk about. So, if theres anything you are interested in, i can repeat it so the recording can pick it up and we will have a chat. Better part of a century ago, mail fraud was made illegal. Also crime carried out across state boundary, National Crimes were made illegal. And now fraud and scamming and so on are definitely running wild in these classes. This is not an engineering problem except in terms of educating the engineers and the entire population to get a government that can step in and do that. Do you have anything to say about that . Dr. Dean so the question was we figured out how to deal with wire fraud, mail fraud, some other things that were new technologies at the time. The government stepped in and made things illegal. To date, at least some governments have stepped in, not all governments are on the sidelines. In general, we have yet to put in place specific laws. We tried to leverage existing law to address it. The problem is the technology has kind of moved beyond what was defined in the old law. So it is hard to have them hold together. Heres what i think. Im going to be gentle. We as engineers and scientists need to help our government officials understand the issues. I cannot expect the people that are our leaders to understand everything. All aspects of technology. Because they would have to understand biology and computers and nanoscience and physics and that is just not reasonable. But what they can do is ask us some questions. They can have technical advisors guiding them in these areas. That is our responsibility. If they ask the question, or if we can offer them insight, which we often try to do, we can start to expose these issues and potential solutions. Some of the technologies i read off are technologies that if in place, could help us. Could make a difference. You realize with any kind of improvement, especially where we are because there are trillion exo i do not know if you know the term for the amount of computing and Technology Information out there. For us to move, it is going to cost a bit to get there. People will consider that. Especially corporations, they may say, oh, wait a minute, you mean this is going to cost me x to do this . What you want to say is, you have to think about my mother. I will tell them that. You have to protect her. You have to protect my operation. You have to protect my children. I got to have an environment where they are safe to do the things they want to do. That should be the starting point of the conversation. Then we can talk about how. Then we can talk about how to deploy it, technology moves fast. It would not take much time for us to move the needle, enough to where we can avoid what i would call this trust bubble that might be occurring. But it is interesting. I need to read history. My grandfather was a history teacher. He would tell me, what is the saying, history does not repeat, it rhymes. We are rhyming. I am curious how long it took to put laws in place to protect us from mail fraud. Toould like to compare it how long it is taking us now to deal with where we are today. It has gone a ways and maybe something needs to happen. Question . The thing that concerns me is that extensive use of these things by children may actually affect how their brains are developing and we will not have any idea until we have gone a couple of generations. It may be good and it may be awful. We will not know for a long time. That is really creepy. Dr. Dean yes. This is interesting. This is why we should have these conversations. I do not know either. I do know that while we cringe, when i teach my classes and i cringe at the students i have in them like, really . You are our future leaders . [laughter] but i have to say, there are representatives in that classroom that are really strong. They got there because they have all of this access to all of this information. So i think, like anything, there is good and bad. Our kids have benefited from the fact that, instead of having to just be constrained by the Small Library they may have had in their high school or their grammar school, they now have this broad access. But they have so much access. Now they need something to help them not get confused. Let me say it that way. Or get the things they maybe should not get to. Maybe we need to leverage some of the technology to help the parents meter, monitor, and control. We used to have that, when you would go to the library and get a book, it was hard to the parents not to know what books you are having access to. It is harder now. While i praise the access to all this information. I think it is great. I think kids can do things that i would never have been able to do because i did not have access to all of that information. With that comes the exposure to stuff you would rather not have them exposed to. Or they do things you would rather for them to go outside and get exercise. This is a balance, right . They may not be relating to each other. Dr. Dean yeah, or relating in different ways to each other. Medium in that between it. Couldould affect how they work with other people. Dr. Dean that is fair. Us to helpow up to them understand that. People come up to me and say, what happened to our kids . , my generation, we are responsible for these kids. They are our kids. We have that responsibility. And hurt usan help but we can get involved. I am not so negative, per se. There are some good things. Back in my growing up years, the best i could do was mail my penpal. Our communications took weeks. Now, kids can have hundreds of friends that dont even live close by. That can be good. Cultural awareness can be super. Conversationshave that are not facetoface that than if theytic were facing each other. Like i said, it is good and bad. When email first came out, you should see what people would say over and email that they would never say in front of that person. There is some etiquette. We have to teach people that. Like with everything, there is positives and negatives. I think the positives are pretty strong. We need to work on some of the downsides. We may not know what the downsides are for a long time. Dr. Dean i am not sure there is much we can, per se, do about that except the attention. A lot of times, people just are not paying attention. You said the important thing was to have confidence. How do you know when you have confidence. How do you recognize it, realize it, and retain it . Dr. Dean it is trust i am focused on. You may say that is confidence in the tools that we use. Is that what you are really saying . Used the word trust and i translated it to confidence. Dean that is fine. I think that is something that inherent in our confidence in our cultural awareness. In ourselves. You know it when it exists. But it is hard to measure trust. I have a lot of trust in people. That is because, what ive experienced with them makes me say, ok, i trust them. When they said they are going to do something, it is going to happen. I have certain trust in certain things i do on the web, because i have interacted with these businesses and they have always produced. Thus im comfortable now buying more things from them, or sharing information with them. If i sit in front of my computer and i come upon something and i question whether i should engage, that is a lack of trust. Especially if i do not engage. Now i have very little trust. So the reason would be, i have either experienced something negative and thus the feeling as i dont want to experience that again. So everybody has their own threshold. My wife, she trusts just about everything. She will buy from anything. She will come up on a website. And ill say, how do you know that youre going to get from this what you are ordering . She says, oh, it will happen. So until you do something to lose her trust, she trusts. She is a trusting lady. Im a little bit more cautious. I may do a little bit more research before i jump in. Society as a whole can decide. If enough of us trust a particular website or optical or particular company, that builds on itself and works out. If enough of us do not trust it or question whether we should engage, then that particular entity or company will not do as well. At some point, they will fall apart because there is lack of trust. Its almost Like Development of a brand. There are some brands that are so strong, everybody wants to buy from them. They have become a trusted entity. Im not going to say any brands because i will get in trouble. Somebody will say, i dont trust them. There are brands that are strong and produce great cars or great financial results, they are a very productive. We buy stuff and there always deliver. There are some companies im impressed with. Ups is one, i have to have a shout out at ups. Im amazed at the efficiencies of their operation. These days we hear a lot about fake news. And everything is subject to fake news. Dr. Dean that is the bubble im worried about. That is the bubble. If i stall because i cannot trust anything i hear on the web, i cannot move. Im stuck. I do not advance, i cannot figure out what is going on. I cannot figure out how i can help. That is what im talking about. That is why i brought this up. H. Thats what im talking about. That is what bothers me right now. Bubbleapproaching this where i cannot even opt in because i do not know what is being said is right or wrong . That is exactly right. Newsfeeds i tend to trust. Maybe i dont know any better. Maybe i havent not verified them through other means. That is what is going to take work. For us to start to trust things, we cannot just accept input from one source. We also have to be willing to have the discussion. What im afraid of is, if im if youre not on my side, i dont like you. My grandfather loves to engage in conversations. It would drive my cousins and my aunts and uncles crazy. He would always go on the others. He may not have believed in it, but he wanted to carry on that conversation. I like it. That we need to have be willing to hear it out both sides, or multiple sides, then decide from all that information. Maybe we can get rid of this fake news if we are willing to have the conversation. How much of it is our individualsty as because there is so Much Technology and so much information . I remember when my sons were young and they would go with my grandparents, calculators had come out and she would not let them she would let them punch the numbers, but they had to show her on paper they had tried to figure out the problem before they could turn it on. I did not understand then. Then when i go to the Grocery Store and the register is down and the person says, i cannot i cant give you change, i dont know. News,h what we call fake we have to have some individual responsibility to take advantage of the technology. , i cannot decide for me dont believe you can decide for me, what is fake and what is not. I may have had a trusted experience and someone else did not. Trust is developed lots of different ways. People are more comfortable with people like themselves. You tend to trust those individuals before you trust somebody that is not like you. That does not mean people that are not like you are not trustworthy. It is just a natural tendency. We kind of have to fight that. If we are going to build a more diverse society. We have to embrace our differences. You are right. Here is what i would say. Responsibility to give you my opinion. If we get everybodys insight, we oftentimes come to some middle ground. At least we have had the conversation. If i only interact with people i am comfortable with, one station or one newscast, that is going to bias me no matter what. Beis my responsibility to aware of other things that are being said and those opinions. Then decide. What i have noticed is there is always that middle ground. There is always that compromise. It is not exactly what i wanted, but it is good enough, right . My grandfather would say, perception perfection is way overrated. I give him credit. If you can get it good enough, you are good to go. As an educator, you are seeing the students who had grown up with technology. How do you assess todays students . Engineering school used to brag every year their students had an average entrance act that was higher than the previous class. That cannot go on forever. What do you see on these students who have grown up with technology . What is your general conclusion of the impact on students of this technology . I would have to say in general, i think they are pretty smart. Is remember, this is on average. Some kids are off the scale. Even measure the upsides they are bringing to the table. Few that aree a lost, they run around and run into the wall, they finally find a place. They kind of get through. Average, it is good. Act scores are on average 31. The maximum is 36. An average of 31, that is pretty good. Gdp not gdp. Scores foraverage classes in high school, it is 4. 1. It used to be you could not get above four. Some students are foreign to half or something. Half or something. University is a little bit less than that. For college of engineering, we are getting top students. It is not that we are getting fewer. The students are doing well. There is more we could do to get more there is a shortage. 2025 thestics say by u. S. Will be short on engineers by 400,000. Ofwill have a shortage 400,000 engineers in five years. We need to find a way to get. Ore students in to the system say, we arehave to producing some really smart ones. Students, theyd are really special. I am kind of straddling the answer a little bit. I have to admit. They are awful smart. While there have been challenges, all in all, we have benefited from technology. We had amazing access to resources. If a student took advantage of those resources, the sky was the limit on what they could do. Not all students come in with the capability to take advantage of those resources. However many years later, the access the resources students have access to is just incredible. The its not just knowledge. It is the practice of the skill resources. Rage those those that do just fly away. Caltech and stanford, m. I. T. , just below the top off things there. There is always this group that struggles and hit the walls. There is the group that just flies away. Possibly because of the existence of the wealth of technology and resources people help access to and whether they are able to leverage that. Graduation rates for the college of engineering are the highest in the state. And they have improved over time. Have less than half the students get through the engineering degree program. We went to probably 20 . Close to now we get 70 of students through the system. That does not mean it is easier. I think we are doing pretty good. I am positive about the kids. We can do better. Do. Ave more work we can technology does take that into consideration. We do not take into consideration what social media , and expose our kids and our kids and ourselves too. Moment with every our friends. Everything i do i can share. Not thinking, maybe i should not share some things. Maybe we should not do that. Go ahead. In the interest of time, you talked about the data bubble and how its going to be an economic boom. I was just wondering, as individuals, how can we take advantage dr. Dean how can you make some money off that . From. Where youre coming where can i benefit . Thats a good question. Individuals as produce a little bit of data. The benefit is getting your data and my data and everybody elses data together and pulling insight from that. Computing enough capacity, you could do that yourself. There is a lot of data online. , amazone some companies , amazon knows a lot about you. Time, they know a lot about you, your friends, your neighbors. They can put that altogether. Now they know a lot. Timedividual has a tough doing that. I dont know how. Sell yourcan thinking. A few of us benefit. There is data we can take advantage of. The way i think we as individuals can benefit , the kids can do a little programming. They can sit in their bedrooms, write an application, sell it to somebody for a dollar. If enough people buy it for a dollar, they come out ahead. Tool that allows people together more information. Individuals, we create a little amount of data. By itself, it does not have a lot of value. , it has a lot of value. A question behind you. Four steps toed innovation. Wondering, in a curriculum typesetting, can you infuse the importance of risk . The other ones, it seems like if you are in a good university, they can get. Youa risk factor, how can theypart to them that really need to do that . Engineering, one thing i like, and the reason i am in engineering is i like building things. One thing the university of tennessee does pretty well is give students a chance to build stuff. , put a piece of technology together. Collegeeverybody in the do a senior Design Project as a minimum. That means building something within a team. Anytime you build something, you are exposed to something happening. Especially engineering. Or set blow up something something on fire. Doug and ilectures would give is a notion of the dos and donts. Building and testing something out, what are the things you need to do to make sure you are safe . One could example is in mechanical engineering, they work on electric cars. 350 volts d. C. That is a lot. Especially given it is direct current. It can burn you up. It is worse than the outlets that are 120 poles. 120 volts. They have to go through extensive training. Getting into them that situation. We have only had one incident gotten intoent has the voltage. It did not hurt them bad. , showing people what can happen, in one of our design, have aor fellow who does a lot in Fire Protection and highvoltage circuitry and things around that. What would happen if you got into these situations you should not be in. What can happen is if you dont Pay Attention and follow the rules, people get hurt. Aware to help students be of those risks, physical risks associated with that. Aboutuld argue, what financial risk or emotional risk ,r risks that are less physical or less transparent, they can happen to you either emotionally or in another way. Those are things you have to talk about. You have to ask, do have to hope clover stations you have to have conversations in class. Engineering has a set of principles that should be followed as you are developing and testing out things. Minimize risks in design. Trying to do societal impact, we also have modules that cover that as well. Proud toally pretty have a shout out to my colleague. That in most bar givetments, we work to those soft skills that are not driven by raw technology. They are outside of physics and chemistry. Skills of ethics, skills of communication, skills of being able to interact. They have the Technical Skills and they can explain to you the pros and cons of the technology. Those are the ones you want. Everybody can design this with you. If i can explain it to my mother and she gets it, now that person has a little bit more. They can go on and be the leaders. We try to give them soft skills as well to make sure they can try to understand. Giving me thisu time, i appreciate you coming out. [applause] thank you. Thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] on monday, latin american experts discuss the challenges and successes of president obradors first year in office. The event live at 3 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan 3, online at cspan. Org, or on the cspan radio app. The impeachment inquiry hearings continue with house judiciary condition Jerrold Nadler holding the committees first impeachment inquiry into President Trump focusing on the constitution and the history of impeachment. Watch our live coverage wednesday at 10 00 a. M. Eastern on cspan 3. Nadler extended an invitation for the president and his counsel to appear before the committee. Read the letter to the president on our website. Follow the impeachment inquiry live on cspan3, online at cspan. Org, or listen live on the free cspan radio app. Former u. S. Ambassadors to persian gulf countries from several administrations talked about security in the gulf region and u. S. Relations with iran. The Weiser Diplomacy Center and the American Academy of diplomacy hosted this event at the university of michigan ford school of public policy. Form school of public policy. [applause] hello, everybody. And welcome. I would like first to add my thanks to the wiser family as well as to the academy of diplomacy which weve been fortunate to partner with to bring todays topic. Todays topic is timely and extremely important. Were going to talk about u. S. Iran negotiations, politics and security in the gulf more generally. And of course, those issues are linked to a whole range of other regional issues relevant to u. S. Foreign policy in the middle east from israel and the palestinian territories in yemen and afghanistan appear beyond