During president ial elections. There are big policy ideas talked about in these campaigns. To help us make sense, we have a Wonderful Group of panelists. E duncan served as educator education secretary and was the ninth secretary. He is now a managing partner at and aerson corrective senior fellow at brookings. John king served as secretary of education through 2016 into 2017. Dr. King is currently the president and ceo of the education fund. Klein, herison current b is workforce issues. For many years she has covered politics and policy in washington and beyond. I will welcome the three of you to our stage and hand it over to allison. [applause] allison thank you for joining us. We are going to dive right into questions. I know you have been following the campaigns. I know you have both been supportive of charters in secretary king, you are an attorney and civil before, during, and after your time at the department of education. Choice has hurt constituents . It is not about the current policies around choice devosandsecretary her policies are there are highperforming charters that are contributed to the landscape. I think about the charter sector in boston or new york. On the other hand, there are charter sectors that are quite terrible, the one in michigan. Has been aevos champion of low regulation, low oversight, low accountability for charters. As a result, in michigan, you have a proliferation of low performing charters, Something Like 80 forprofit charters, schools that exist to take advantage of communities rather than serve and that has hurt the sector. When you have an Administration Rights andto civil to the interests of low income students and students of color, chan being championing a policy isnt rights right and te right to be skeptical. We come as democrats, shouldnt blame the republicans for our policy choices. We shouldnt be swayed by that. Amazing Charter Schools are transforming lives and he helped start one of and there are low performing Charter Schools. As democrats and citizens, we should have a moratorium on bad schools and we should want a lot more good schools, whatever that may mean charter, magnet. It is the wrong frame. Allison i hear that. Secretary duncan, you said one of your big regrets was not getting prekindergarten investment done. You had something much more ambitious in mind. Has there been enough discussion about issue in the democratic i mary played democratic primary . Should the next democratic president pick up on that and how they get it done . Sec. Duncan i put it both in my successes and failures category. We got additional money for hundreds of thousands of additional 3year old and 4year old. I am proud about that. I would have loved to have had 10 million or 20 billion. We did erase the top competition for states to come in and had 36 states applied and could only fund about half of the first 18. One of the states we couldnt fund to expand prek was mississippi and the governor was a hard conservative and he and i agree may be 10 of issues but he was broken hearted that we couldnt expand prek in mississippi and i was to. I remember the phone call like yesterday. Huge desire, demand was there from the public and from democrats across the country, the fact we couldnt get congress to step up and do more. I am biased. If i had extra dollar i would put it into high quality prek because it is a game changer for kids. A. James heckman talked about 71, for every dollar we miss we get back seven dollars and less teenage pregnancy, less incarceration, more people in the workforce for all scarce tax dollars, i dont know how often we get 7 back for a dollar we put in. That is the final thing i will say. The United States ranks 28th or 29th relative to other countries providing access to prek. We should be a shame we send so many 5yearold to kindergarten. Ear to 18 months behind we often dont catch those kids up. Those young people often become dropouts. Yes, we should debate it and put it out there. It is just getting them off to a good score start in life. There is nothing democratic or republican about that. Sec. King we wanted to give access to prek for low and middle income and Congress Said it was too expensive and then they voted on trillions of dollars of tax cuts for the top 1 . This is a question of what we care about and what we are willing to invest in. Got to invest in universal prek for threeyearolds and fouryearolds and we need a huge investment. We need much better access to quality childcare, particularly for low income families and communities of color. That is all doable in the health wealthiest country that has ever existed. We have seen proposals to wrap that up, including title i. Is that the right weight to go or do you worry right way to go or do you worry about not enough money in the system . Always do that. Opportunitye is an to blend or connect a significant new investment of dollars with smart policies around how we strengthen schools. We need both. The history is that states that have done both together or see the benefits. Think about massachusetts in 1993. They passed the education reform act and had a huge infusion of new dollars to the high needs communities along with raising learning, investing in teacherprofessional development. They also included significant accountability as others, where the state was able to take action where schools were failing. From theetts went middle of the pack to the number one performing state. My hope would be that the next administration would put in very significant increase in dollars around title i and also pair tot with intentional efforts increase school integration, intentional efforts to make sure kids have access to diverse, quality teachers, efforts to make sure all kids have access to a wellrounded curriculum that includes art, music. We have to think about the more dollars in conjunction with the things we know will make a difference for kids. Education sec. Duncan in education, we need more people going to college and preparing for careers. You cannot be a pro teacher and want more money for teachers and not be pro teacher quality. At title i, you cant be pro more money for poor kids and not explicitly be saying you want more poor children to graduate from high school and go on to college. You have two have these paired. These values are not in conflict, the couple met each other. I never of candidates said they have wanted to use federal money to increase teacher salaries. A big proposal senator harris out. States are backing away from something you both championship champions, should the federal government be boosting teacher salaries . Should they be on the hook for Something Like that . Should more accountability play into that or do you feel like the petro take crisis has gotten so bad in some places that extra pay is needed no matter what . It has broken my heart that a number of states, North Carolina, arizona, where you have had Republican Administration that stalled public education. Teacher pay is not kept up with the rate of inflation or whatever. There was a teacher in d. C. From North Carolina who was actually selling blood, plasma, to make ends meet. That is unconscionable. We absolutely need more money. Teachers should be paid a living wage. They do not go into education to become millionaires but they should not have to take a vow of poverty either. You need to sustain that. You cannot be pro teacher and not talk about quality and how important teachers are. Yesterday i met someone from tennessee and we saw a huge growth and improvement. They are now they did a lot of Different Things in their mind the thing that drove their improvement the most was taking teacher evaluations seriously. We have to try and do both these things, pay teachers a living wage and evaluate. This is a little off topic but the one thing i have thought about would be maybe a little bit of a political compromise is its not how much you pay teachers but it is there ability to make more money earlier in their career and every teacher contract is very slow and you have to stay in the system for 34 years and millennials dont want that. I would like to see districts think about it being more traditional if you want that and a high risk, high reward where a young teacher can make 100,000 in their 30s. The union could negotiate both of those so that youre not diminishing any power but it is saying to teachers young, old, you have two different choices and you figure out what is best for you and your family in your current situation. It is a different way of thinking about it and would help us retain much more talent than we are today. Sec. King we absolutely should be paying teachers more in rate should have a federalstate partnership that uses federal dollars to push states to invest more. As we do that, two things we have to do is we have to diversify the teaching profession. Them are most of people of color. Matters for kids of colors to have access to teachers of color. It is important for white kids to see teachers and leaders of color in their communities. A smart, comprehensive strategy would include diversifying the profession and making sure we get the strongest teachers to the kids with the greatest needs. You want to have incentives that attract people to work in high needs communities and attract people to pursue fields of study where we have huge shortages, secondary stem, bilingual teachers, teachers for disabilities. Au can imagine structuring package that accomplished the goal of raising salaries and lifting all but also try to get at the equity challenges. If we think Great Teachers matter, and most of us are notreat schools there without great principles. Districts,000 school in our country. I dont know of a single district in america where they systematically find and identify the best suppose in teachers and place them with the kids in communities that need the most help. If we think that principals and teachers matter, it is a little stunning to me that not one district out of 15 has taken that step. Desegregation is an issue that has emerged in the democratic debates and i know both of you value diverse schools. How much power did you feel like you had as secretary to influence that discussion beyond that . What you think a new administration could do for that problem . Sec. King we both certainly tried to talk about the importance of it and persuade andunities to Pay Attention to be incensed about socioeconomical integration. We posed to congress 120 million to support local efforts to integrating schools. We heard from members of congress, too expensive. But all the money towards the tax cut for the top 1 . That was a missed opportunity. The bill is still out there. Champions been some in that effort. That is an opportunity our next administration would have. There are ways to think about how you would link other federal funding streams to the goal of diversity, whether it is diversity in charters and thinking about that as an area of emphasis for the Charter School program or thinking about that as an emphasis for how people might use title i dollars, expanding the Magnet School program. There are a lot of levers that are available but they have not mid used since the early to 1980s. There is also a need for real enforcement from the department of education and from the justice department. We know other districts are doing things that intentionally exacerbate segregation and we ought to take action where it violates civil rights law. Sec. Duncan john did a better job of doing talking about this than i did. There are federal incentives that could be put in place. Not all of this actually takes any money. Sometimes it is as simple as redrawing school boundaries, neighborhood boundaries around schools and it doesnt cost a penny. We live in a country where people often choose to self segregate and shes to live in places that have and choose to live in places that have less diversity. But trying to get parents and students to understand the benefit, not for the black kids of the latino kids, but for all kids of ing in that environment and having a diverse teacher force for kids. That is more beyond money gets to the challenges where we struggle with race and diversity that are hard to talk about but are coupled. We have seen a lot, including originally from senator sanders, on free college for all students. Other candidates like former Vice President biden are pushing for something more conservative, Free Community college. What do you think the right strategy is for Higher Education . Should the federal government be on the hook to pay for all college for all kids, a portion of it, or just low income kids . Did freean before i college i would do free prek. Free college is not even a emma craddick idea. The state that has even a democratic idea. A state has done this and made it a hallmark. In investment into capital. I think the k to 12 model education is obsolete. We should move to a prek to 14 model. Drove the middleclass and a booming economy for the past 100 years. I would argue it is insufficient for the next 10, let alone the next 50. They have to get off to a good start. Getting a good job with a High School Diploma is hard these days. , someorm of education form of Higher Education, learning beyond high school has to be the goal. The thing that troubles me in there is no talk about results and outcomes at the Higher Education site and accountability. There are a whole bunch of colleges i would like to send students to but there are colleges i dont want anyone to go to for free. They are not learning anything eerie those colleges are getting rich and leaving them in worse situations than they started. For me, thinking about community the young,t just for but older and we have to talk about results. Are they being admitted or are they at walking out at the backend with skills . We tried and failed on this, all of the funding for Higher Education, 100 of it goes to enrollment. We dont do a penny of grants or loans for Higher Education for those that are increasing Graduation Rates for pell grants. Not even more money but changing how we Fund Education just a little bit of money around outcomes and we would see huge change and got zero of that done. On. King i agree completely the urgency of the completion agenda. The reality is we have a National College dropout crisis. For every 10 students that start a bachelors degree program, six will have graduated. Of every 10 latino starting students who started a bachelor program, five will graduated. For every africanamerican start a bachelor program, for will have graduated. Four will have graduated. We ought to tackle so that folks dont just start but actually finish and that requires investment and policy change. The other observation i make a free college is the devil is in the details. Looking across states, there are states that say they have free college but what they mean is that they put a tiny little bit of money for middle and upper income students to get subsidies for tuition and nothing for the theincome students because programs and structure doesnt match the tuition structure of further investment in the kinds of support that low income students need. We has dunes in colleges today who are hungry, homeless. We should be talking about the total cost of college, not just tuition. Those details matter. There are states that have catches in their free college program. If you move to another state, then youre Free College Tuition converts into alone. Lots of fine print or that is a problem. I am glad we are having this conversation about the need to invest in public Higher Education. The reality is that in nine out of 10 states, they are standing spending less on Higher Education than they were in 2008. We should be talking about the investment and making college assessable for everyone, but the details of the policy matter and we have to design them in a way that is focused on equity, and focused on low income students and students of color who are most vulnerable in our current Higher Education system. At anyncan if you look state over the past 10 to 20 years, look at the percent of increase or decrease going into Higher Education or look at the increase or decrease for incarceration. I guarantee you every single state, the rate of increase from incarceration that you spend is going faster than Higher Education. We just accept that we dont vote on it here it is a given. Debate forever, i want to challenge us as voters across the political spectrum to think about that. The larger challenge i had is that so much of this, free college is a prime example free college is a strategy. We never talk about goals. For me, what is the goal . It is not precollege. The goal would be to lead the world in college completion. A generation ago we led the world. If you want to keep the jobs in america, we have to leave the world. We are the first generation to flatline and 12 countries have passed us by. We never step back and say to what end . A moratorium on charters, to what academic dividends come from no more charters. I would propose goals. If you try to lead the world and that is the high quality of prek. We should get the Graduation Rate of. Hundreds of thousands of kids are still dropping out each year. I wish the Current Administration had a goal to getting it of 90 . I would love to lead the world in college completion. Conversation every with here are the goals, then there be policy debate about how to achieve those goals but we never come up for air. We get caught in weeds and never talk about where we need to go to break property and to keep good jobs and we need to elevate the conversation to a different level. Allison so we are not seeing a ton of talk in the campaign about some of the things the Obama Administration pushed hard on, especially in the first administration,. You had ambitious plans. You think enough progress was made during your tenure that there is nowhere to go on issues and that is why people are not talking about them, or are the candidates avoiding them because serious political backlash for those issues. They can be tough to wrestle with. Why are they not hearing about them . A couple observation. One is that 40 plus states are the college and career ready standards. The challenge state estate is now at the level of do they have the right curriculum available to teachers and are they doing the right work on Teacher Development . We have continued treated them as a local control issue. Some states are doing smart things. Louisiana has tied access to funding for curriculum to districts choosing curricula that are highly related that as well lined to their colleges and they will reap the benefits of that are there are districts that make investments in teacher training because Higher Standards in math require much mathunderstanding of concepts as well as how to teach them and they are investing in that. That issue is underway. It could use more resources. I ame data systems piece, optimistic that if there is a Higher Education act in this congress that it will include the College Transparency act and we will see better postsecondary data that can be connected to k12 data. There has been Good Progress and momentum. Schools,w performing and this goes to the point earlier about sometimes things are about money but political will and courage. I think there is a reluctance to talk about struggling schools in what it would take to improve performance in troubling schools. I hope we hear more about that. The reality is in state after state, you still see very large achievement gaps for low income students and students of color. That aret a majority students of color, and we dont have a future if we dont get lowincomeducating students in students of color. I hope there will be more conversation about the federal role in leading on this. Early in the administration, we had a National Attention on Graduation Rates and cut the number of high schools that would be described as dropout factories in half over the course of the administration. Thousands upon thousands more students graduated from high school. That is powerfully important and we need that conversation amongst the candidates. Goalsuncan talking about and not strategies and why the strategy is important. Why its important to have high standards . We just talked about cost and too expensive. We never talk about the cost of remediation. We spend seven to 9 billion each year to have College Students take college cushion to take high school classes, noncredit bearing classes. That is all of the tax money going into that every single year. That means that young people arent prepared to take collegelevel classes that are credit bearing. This stunned me. The average high school gpa for a College Student taking remedial classes guess what that is . In high school, it is 3. 2. These were 1. 3, 1. 7. They had a better than a b average in high school and the go to college and they dont have the skills necessary to take credit bearing classes in college. That is not the students fault. It is our fault as educators that we failed to prepare them. That is the need for high standards. So common core sounded like a good name. We didnt anticipate obamacare. We didnt anticipate the pushback as strong as it was for the president first black president. We should have find it the highly uncommon core. It was unique to every single state. Day, that is ahe branding issue. What we need is to make sure we are raising high school Graduation Rates. We need to make sure High School Graduates actually can go to college and take a collegelevel class. That is the simple goal we are trying to accomplish. Allison you both have spoken passionately about one safety and i know that what that is what you have been working on. You see that as an education issue . Do you think it will motivate young people and parents during this campaign. It has mostly motivated folks who really dont want to see gun control. You start to see that change . I will just take one second and say that i love the Chicago Public schools for 7. 5 years before i came to d. C. Im happy to talk about things i am proud of in terms of improvements. I will say the place where i dont think i failed, where i know i failed is we, as leaders, we failed to keep our students alive. During my 7. 5 years, on average we had a student killed every two weeks due to gun violence. Never once in the school, but on the neighborhood, block, bus going home, in the living room. Thought things couldnt get worse when my family and i moved to d. C. But things got a lot worse. I have to say we are motivated by our successes and hunted by our failures. This is why is my lifes work is to try to remove fear and trauma and violence in chicago that is overwhelming for kids on the south and west sides. With t obama dealt the president deals with hardest rings on the planet he said is hard to stay in d. C. Was the day of the sandy hook massacre. He went down the next day and president Vice President biden and i went down the next day and you never forget. I will say, and im not proud to say that when i was in chicago, i thought was that no one cared black and brown kids were getting killed and it would take white kids getting killed for anything to change and then sandy hook happened. No one ever in the worst nightmares imagined 20 babies, five teachers and a principal being slaughtered. The fact that as a country we got nothing done in terms of Gun Legislation subsequent to that taught me a painful lesson that we dont care about brown kids and black is what we dont care about white kids and we dont our lives. Re about we care more about guns. The parkland massacre changed some things. Downnt kids from chicago and they spoke at the rally. We have failed on this issue. I think our young people are leading us to a very different place. After sandy hook, i was extraordinarily pessimistic. I am more optimistic now that i have ever been, not because any of us in this room are doing but the 18 to 20yearolds are leading us, as they did with the Civil Rights Movement and more protests. We need to get to a better place. South and, on the west sides, 100 of people know someone who has been killed. And i have to say how many of you know that five to 15 have been killed . Half of their hands are still up. I have never been to an actual or zone, but our kids in places like chicago are living in war zones and it is highly unacceptable. We are making progress and violence is going down but we have a lot of work to do. I am so grateful for the work arne is doing. Part of the work you are doing points of that we have to have a strategy that is about having fewer guns and having fewer guns that can inflict mass casualties. That is about changing laws and we have this moment where young people are raising their voices to try to change the laws and we a we have violence taking place that is about intersecting issues in communities. Black having access to Economic Opportunity, lack of access to Economic Opportunity, i could access to Substance Abuse treatment, a history of racism, policies of mass incarceration factors into the toxic results in communities that are awash in violence. We have to do work on that so that the education dimension to this issue is both about changing gun policy but also about changing our social policy and changing how we think about communities. Audience,n for this it is important. School shootings are horrific but 98 of people kids killed are not killed in school. This is not a School Safety issue. This is a societal issue and the vast majority of People Killed are killed at the park, mall, movie theater, walking down the street. Related to schools but to echo the point, i am working with men who are most likely to shoot and be shot. They have lived with trauma all of their life. Many have been shot multiple times. One guy has been shot 23 times. Then he have done their fair share of shooting. We dont have one bad man we are working with. We are giving them an opportunity to move out of the street life and move out of the illegal economy and give Economic Opportunity and have life coaches and trauma care. We have lots of guys get there diplomas and a bunch going to college. I want this audience to understand that in these situations, the men caught in this life are the solution, they are not the problem. We have to walk with them and know that they are going to lead chicago and baltimore to better places. The Trump Administration has talked about vocational education. Secretary duncan, he pointed out they havent really pointed out funding in this area. Do you think Fouryear College is a must for all students, and what would you want to see this administration or another administration do to strengthen job training . Sec. Duncan the Trump Administration does not want an educated citizenry. When you have an authoritarian leader and you want to be the source of the truth when you say the media is the enemy of the people, you dont want people to be able to think for themselves. All the things we talk about, how to think critically, way arguments, the Current Administration has zero interest in doing that. They are not going to do anything. The less educated we are, the more we will follow an authoritarian leader. I just want to be honest and upfront about that. Intricaciese the all day but this is a fight, can we remove a criminal enterprise from the white house sure this is much bigger than any education policy. Does everybody have to go to a fouryear university . Of course not. Everybody has to graduate high school. I do think everybody has to have some of education and high school. Whether it is for your community, or training. Other countries track kids at 13 to 14. I reject that 100 . Just want to give kids free options and let them figure out what is their passion what they want to do. The final is none of us will ever be done learning. The day any of us stop learning is the day we become obsolete. How we teach young people to be lifelong learners and all keep improving our skills has to be the mentality. Sec. King we ought to be willing to invest in that because our future depends on it. We need more young people who leave high school with a plan and with a past past to real economic path to opportunity. I think about the partnerships and kids graduating with a High School Diploma or an Associates Degree that are first in line for a job at ibm. We made an effort to replicate that across new york state, we more demand for employers and University Partners then we could meet. We had folks in the health care industry, advanced manufacturing, i. T. , were eager to partner with schools so that young people would leave ready for what is next. I was just in somerset county, maryland visiting a tech center that was newly built. I was struck by how motivated the kids are in the kids in the Biomedical Program how excited they were about what they were learning. There is huge potential in smart career and Tech Education but we have to acknowledge the risk that in some places, career and tech is used as a way to track them to less opportunity for jobs that used to exist 20 years ago and dont anymore. We need to invest intact we need to also invest in the goal and it should be for postsecondary success and a successful career. Of you hasither one endorsed candidate in the demo primary. Do you want to make some news today . [applause] sec. Duncan are you ready . [applause] sec. King what want to say is in 2016, there was very special about education. And i have been heartened that there have been more candidates talking more about schools and education so far. That is a good sign about our direction as a country. Sec. Duncan we are not going to make huge news. I will be what i have said that the election will not and and should not turn on anyone education policy. This is the most agile of our lifetimes. I hope we are never in this position again as a country. I am not scared by what i am scared our country and for our democracy. Supportnot a time to any given candidate on some agreement or disagreement on an education policy. We are fighting for our country. Something set i took for granted my entire life some things that i took for granted has been rocked to the foundation. That is what is at stake. Versus not acy democracy anymore. It is that real. The normal that in ction, i just wished education should be the ultimate nonpartisan issue. I desperately wish we had more will go to the voting booth nears, the vendors, congressmen, voting around education. The fact is, almost none of us to. In the 2018 midterms, i said six saw 6 vote for education shoes. Candidate theyen did photo ops with kids. But i know very few candidates who say i want reelected because i am going to raise high school Graduation Rates. I want to be reelected because i am going to close achievement gaps and fight former prek. I dont blame any of the politicians but i blame us as voters. If we voted on these issues, would have more candidates across the political spectrum would be in office based on their ability to increase achievement and close those gaps and have prepared for work. That is my hope going forward. Allison thank you. Im sure you all have great questions. Tell us your name and Organization Work with for context. You. Ank i am working with an organization but i am counselor in montgomery county. My is that not every student the classroom to learn. What suggestions and proposals would you have as to how to assist the School System and the teacher and parent your those students do not that everyday category . Aside is secretary devos has legislation that is apparently being looked at in congress towardsw that is geared Charter Schools . That between two gives were to those students . Sec. Duncan a couple of thoughts. I think about your agenda of the administration is not intended to address equity goals. Sec. King it is intended to undermine public schools. Dont thinky, i there is a lot of room for conversation around that proposal. I do think there is much more we could be doing to connect toools with other support support address kids needs. One thing we did was in the Obama Administration is we had an initiative and the idea was consistent with trying to match schools with other supports around Mental Health services, around parent education, starting with new parents, new babies and helping them support their kids academic and social development. Helping schools with programs after school and in the summer, access to health care, dental care, vision care. Remove barriers that get into the way of kids success. , people say there is nothing we can do in school because kids are poor and have challenges outside of school. That cant possibly be true. Both of my parents passed weight when i was a kid, school saved my life. Lives and we should invest. When some say school is all that matters and that cant possibly write because if kids are home and hungry and dont see glasses to see the board, that will hurt their education. We have to say, how do we connect support in the community and how do we invest in those things . If we invest in School Counselors and Mental Health services, we will more than save the cost later when those kids are successful instead of ending up in prison or addicted to substances or reliant on social services. If we were smart about our investment, we would divide those woods to our kids. Sec. Duncan i will tell you one quick story that after the was ae gray riot, there school in baltimore that was beating the odds and results were way better than the more affluent communities. I set i want to see this. We went a couple weeks after. It was liberty elementary. They were crushing it. I wanted to hear why, how, what were you doing. Principal,chers, the that school had turned itself into a food bank and that school was i think it was 16 tons of food a month. Fromnot draw a direct line 16 tons of food to a better result, but i know there is a line. Shat is not in any principal job description, but he identified a challenge in his community. My mother always says, it is hard to learn when your stomach is growling. If you meet kids and families where they need food, glasses, trauma support, then we can talk about the high standards. That is the ticket and the foundation of the physical and Emotional Wellbeing of our kids. Schools have to do that, they have to do it with the community, not in isolation. As john said, these things are not in conflict. That is the kind of leadership ies need. And communit allison did you have one right here . Nationalth the association of programs. It was mentioned investing higher indication education is not a partisan issue. Providednor in texas needbased to dreamers. What would you see as what should be the federal state partnership and how do you go about a kind ability . Go about accountability. Allison my name is lisa. I am an Internet Center for American Progress and a former seat this teacher. A Charter Schools and were a part of some of the strikes last year. I wanted to hear if there are any particular initiatives coming out to address specifically the special Education Teacher shortage in the funding we are experiencing. Thank you area thank you. I am from teachers colleges. I have a question guarding the enrollment rate has dropped continuously for eight years in the United States. Can you make comments regarding that . Sec. King Higher Education, a great opportunity in the reauthorization conversation to increase investment. I would love to see doubling or tripling of pell grants and a massive investment into helping low income students to not to start but finish. I would love to see investment in evidencebased support. There is a program at City University of new york which has been shown to double completion rates in Community College through wraparound support, better advising. That program is being replicated in ohio. It looks like the results will be similarly positive. We shouldnt base invest in those types of programs paragraph to have accountability that looks at our students finishing in our the able to pay off debt they may have and are they able to get good jobs . We worked very hard on this in the administration and the Current Administration has rolled back a lot of the work we tried to do on forprofit colleges that were fleecing students and taxpayers we ought to have an accountability that shuts down the bad act errors. Lets have an accountability tors. Ct the last point i would make about the Higher Education act, i would love to see a significant investment in hbc msis give access for low income and students of color. I was just at the university of maryland Eastern Shore last week and my and my grandmother graduated from there in 1894. We have many generations of folks across america whose lives have been changed by those institutions and yet we are under investing in them as a country. There are lots of opportunities around the Higher Education act. As the population of students who are High School Graduates and the population of 18yearolds goes down, we have to think about differently what college means and who they are and do more to support College Students. Parents. T who are it is rare to have good childcare programs and Higher Education campuses. We need to have more adults in college and have more support with things with transportation, housing, and food. As we change how we think about who College Students are, we can help the students we have and also attract other folks back in. One of the great things about the tennessee effort is they have expanded their College PromiseProgram Beyond just immediate High School Graduates to something called tennessee reconnect to help working adults come back to school to finish. We should see more states doing things like that. Sec. Duncan two things on teacher hiring shortages and compensation that everyone wont agree with but i want to restate what we both talked about of having some incentives. Have Great Teachers and printables go to underserved communities. The fact that we have been unwilling to step into that space. Area moved a teacher in five principles to a school. I remember talking to a principal at a highperforming school who went to a struggling school. I asked why he would do this and he said it was a privilege of a lifetime to have this opportunity. That is the mentality we have to have in the education is that is it is a privilege of a lifetime to go work on a native reservation or in the low income areas. Whether it is special ad, math, science, where we have areas of critical need, a piece of attracting teachers should be additional cumbersome compensation. As of the fundamental changes i would make is to identify excellence, reward excellence, and encourage that to work with kids in the communities who need the most help and we have areas of critical need, and we know that we do, we should compensate based upon that and our lack of creativity from the School District side is stunning. Part of the problem that feeds this is you dont hear any schools of education starting kids steering kids in one direction or another. There may be lots of jobs are they are not helping to push students in the right direction. Morally, i think that is pretty bankrupt. Well, on that note that happy note, i think we will wrap up. I want to thank these gentlemen for sharing their time with us. Thank you. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [inaudible] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] later today, President Trump holds a Campaign Rally in lake charles, louisiana. Thats live at 8 00 p. M. Eastern here on cspan, online at cspan. Org, and the free cspan radio app. Weekend on newsmakers, Democratic NationalCommittee Chair tom perez talks about 2020 president ial politics, the partys role in the candidates campaigns, and the upcoming debate next week in ohio. 10 00 a. M. Sunday at and then again at 6 00 p. M. Eastern, only on cspan. A new cspan if sociable cspan poll shows that just over half of americans are confident that the 2020 election will be open and fair. 50 of americans think that foreign governments are among the threats to the system, while only 41 of republicans share in that concern, more than three quarters of democrats and over half of independents believe foreign governments may interfere in u. S. Elections. 54 of republicans report having either a great deal or a fair federalf confidence in efforts. Only 15 of democrats and just over one quarter of independents agree. You can find all the results, whether citizens believe candidates should release their tax returns