Administration and what it tries to do is really bring the world together so that you get enough commitments are enough countries with enough time to stabilize an increase so that we dont hit the worst impacts and effectively what it does is create a global regime where every country comes forward and puts forward their own initial target. The targets are not forced on them, everyone picks the wrong target and there are these binding rules that require you to die bulge how youre going to hit the target, your progress along the way, things like that. And then it requires countries to go back to the table every five years to make new pledges we can hit so that these stabilization goals that are effectively to try to stabilize temperature increase over what it was in the past at about three and a half degrees fahrenheit and then maybe do better. Host why is that important . Guest david that target . Already we are having tremendous Climate Impact just because of the temperatures humans have already caused the planet to warm. Human activity has over because the planet to warm one degree celsius over preindustrial times. We have thousands of studies that show its having an impact on the weather and agriculture, on Health Across the world. We want to limit as much of that is possible and adapt to the world we have created as best we can. Host your title was climate negotiator question mark guest . Negotiator guest yeah, i was negotiator . Guest yeah. Host what do you do in the creation of that kind of agreement . Bigt we have too been buckets of things. We go to the summits every year, they last about two weeks and you slowly build up we have been doing this since 1992, we slowly build up a set of agreement so that the world can work on them collectively because no one country can solve the climate problem. Everyone has to pitch and together. The second thing that you do is a lot of bilateral negotiations. You go to other countries and try to help them do better, work , technical assistance, cooperative programs. My primary responsibility was going back and forth to delhi to work on multiple tracks, 15 tracks, we had cooperation with india so that they could put forward other ambitions. Host what has many impact of the trump decision to withdraw from the paris climate agreement . Guest the process is still ongoing. One of the great climate ironies of our time is that the first day that the United States can legally get out of the agreement will be the day after the 2020 election. It has to do with when the agreement went into force in became binding. So the impact is, really, this is the most important impact. Americans are less safe and less competitive. The United States is the only country pulling away from the agreement, isolated with respect to the rest of the world on this. The agreement has created tremendous opportunities for investment around the world, especially to help other countries, especially bigger developing countries achieve their goals under paris. Take the top dozen or so pledges and a created a 23 trillion investment opportunity. President trump takes us out of that and other countries are not as interested in making deals with us because apparently we dont care about Climate Change or their problems. If you take a map of political instability around the world in you place it over a map of climate vulnerability, its a most identical. Places where we have traditional security interests like the middle east, these countries dont have worries about Climate Change being real, they believe its real, they are concerned about it. But the United States is just not there. Pulling out of paris is one of the ways we demonstrate that. Out, ahat would pulling map of that, what would it tell us . Guest its a dangerous threshold for Climate Change, the increase of 3. 5 degrees fahrenheit over what it was in the preindustrial level. Some parts of the United States of already reach that. One of the biggest hotspots is around the new jersey, new york, connecticut area, all of it has gone over to degrees celsius. Around the northern border around canada, parts of the west coast, alaska has gone well above because the northern latitudes are warming faster. Andre already seeing that that those areas are seeing a decrease in fishing stocks, hits in the agricultural sector, increase in rain events, increase in droughts. Other things, like wildfire season in california last year was absolutely devastating. These climate induced impacts are already creating these vulnerabilities around the United States. We have the National Climate assessment that i work on that breaks the United States down into 10 regions, people can go the fourthts National Climate assessment, download the report on the region to see how Climate Change will impact them now and in the future. Our guest this morning is andrew light, professor at George Mason University and a senior fellow at the World Resources institute. Taking your questions on for minds for republicans, democrats, and independents as usual. Is thes calling, what World Resources institute . Nonprofit nonpartisan Institute Just down the street here in washington, d. C. And we work on all environmental issues, Climate Change, energy, water resources. We are really datadriven. Our approach is to really look at a problem and understand it, the inputs and outputs in terms of Climate Impact and in terms of contributions to other environmental problems, coming up with Innovative Solutions and scaling them up with about eight other offices around the world. We are really working with other them tos to help achieve environmental sustainability of some sort. Taking your questions, kathleen is up first. Caller thanks to cspan for always bringing such important topics to the American Public in bringing experts like mr. Light on. I wanted to just mention that carter, he put solar panels on the white house for a while. You guys were talking about carter earlier. Mr. Light, thank you for your work. I wanted to ask you about Wind Turbines and the creation of energy in the u. S. I believe that texas is in the number one position. If you could talk about that, the increase in the u. S. , and i also wanted to ask you about the senator sanders Climate Change governor in his, who i really only just became aware of during the debates. If you could talk about those two plans and if you could compare the plans . I want to ask cspan to do a access to energy for elderly people. My 91yearold mother just had her electric turned off by dayton power and light, whom she has been a customer of for 60 years for being 30 days late with the bill. They turned off her electric when it was in the high 80 degrees, 90 degree weather. They turned her energy off for 30 days late. If you could do a show her hospice nurse told me that they walked in to tons of houses in the middle of the winter and in the summer where dayton power and light has turned off elderly peoples electric. If you could do a program on that issue i would appreciate it. Thanks. Always appreciate recommendations on future segments. Theres a lot there that kathleen brought up that she wanted you to discuss. Im herere, sure, partly on the nonprofit organizations are not going to get into the details on different candidate plans. Before peoplet doubt i did in my personal capacity work with president in sleep us campaign. He produced six really remarkable very, very thorough plans relating to Climate Change. They are part of the Public Record now and i hope that other candidates and other people in the Current Administration takes a look at them and sees what we did with those. With respect to wind power, great question. One of the really interesting that we cant things do, top three i would say in the United States right now is to the carbonized de carbonized the electricity sector. We basically want to get to net zero emissions by 2050. In order to do that you need to begin to move aggressively towards d carbonized and de. Arbonizing wind and solar are great ways to get there. Droppede of solar has 90 in the last decade and it is now cost competitive. Its even cost competitive in india and other countries as well where renewables really are competitive of fossils. Wind is one of the best options we have. Why is 2050 the horizon . Why not sooner or later if its going to be impacting people who are trying to move out of these sectors that they had been working in or families have been working in for generations . Guest if we could move faster, that would be great, but this is a global goal and i think it will take an enormous amount of work. A big transformation not only in electricity but other industrial sectors. It seems like an like a reasonable amount of time even with aggressive action. Host who determines whats reasonable . Do, many studies, the hundreds that have been done, the biggest ones are the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change, scientists from around the world, they do what are called assessment reports, not new science. There have been five sons we started discussing this seriously internationally. If you look at their analysis, they can lay out pathways where we can actually get to those kinds of figures, but it takes aggressive action. There are other organizations like the International Energy agency and others who have looked into these pathways. If we could do it faster, that would be great, but i think that this is an achievable goal and its not too late. However if we say didnt get or 2050, it2030 just its more expensive and harder to hit these goals. You imagine that what we might do would be Something Like over some target climate goal in the future and come back to sequester carbon, somehow, getting Carbon Dioxide out of the atmosphere using traditional means like trees or artificial means but you would still get damage that happens at the higher thresholds so as much as you can you dont want to cross. New eagle, pennsylvania, michael, republican. Caller good morning, good morning, really appreciate you coming on this morning to talk with people. I have a court a couple questions. What you mentioned about infrastructure, particularly the new york austin corridor . Asphalt harking lots when i go there. An incredible number. And buildings with no trees. Theres nothing to cool their. As far as cooling, i have some facts from nasa. The average global surface by. 15ture seems to drop degrees centigrade since 2016 and with recent snowfalls in australia they are having to record cold winter down under, similar to our 100 year snowfall that hit the rockies, the cascades and other mountains. But anyway, it seems that the global surface temperature is on the decrease since 2016. What type of vaccination is there . Guest the clear exhalation for that is that 2016 is the hottest year on record ever measured. The last five years have been the five hottest years on record. 2016 was the spike, there has been a slight decrease but the overall trend is increasing decade to decade. In fact, the eight hottest years on record have been on the last 10 years. As always going to be actuated year to you year and so that accounts for 2016 and now. But if you take a decade average, the best way to look at trends in temperature, its steadily going up. And the only excavation we have four why this is happening is because of human activity. Trying to sort of understand those increases in temperature by looking at observations combined with different kinds of climatological models, if you take out human a cavity from increasing Greenhouse Gases that cause this warming problem, you cant get to the temperatures that we are experiencing now, lets unfortunately whats happening. I wish it were different but its not. You worked on this global agreement. Who do you think is best equipped to battle Climate Change . Is it countries . Itthe United States is states . Local governments . Where is the ability to actually make the difference . Unfortunately the ability to make a difference is everywhere. The federal government has a huge role to play in this but they are just not doing it right now. The Trump Administration is a moving aggressively to roll back all the things that were done in the last administration to make it possible for the United States to hit its targets and for other countries to hit their targets. By default, the leadership in the United States at the federal it had been tremendous, there was a huge outpouring from governors, leaders,usiness University Leaders who have moved forward to try to reduce emissions in their jurisdictions in order to hit the u. S. Targets. If you add them altogether its about 3600 separate entity. If they were all one country, those 25 states, those hundreds of cities and companies and universities, putting them altogether to look at them it would be the Third Largest economy in the world. Its really big and they are actually making an impact right now on the ground in terms of helping to achieve these targets. Who has made the biggest impact . Guest california, because of their size and they have been on Climate Policy for decades. For example, one of the most important things that you can do to address this problem is price the pollution. Effectively carbon the dioxide acted like a pollutant, causing harm. It goes into the atmosphere and it causes warming which causes harm. What you want to do is not make it free to pollute. This is how we have handled sulfur dioxide, mercury, lead, and other problems we have had in the environment. You can put a tax on it, do it to a regulatory mechanism, come up with tradable permits. California has done this. They have an economy wide standard so that all co2 in california is priced in the following way and aggressively they have work on regulations even when the u. S. Has pulled back, like Vehicle Mileage standards. The Obama Administration wanted to hit Vehicle Mileage to and bys a 51 miles per gallon 2025. The administration freezes it and its only going to cost your average American Family 500 per year because we are not by 2025. Increase increasing mileage standards. Tell a 40 recently cut a deal with four major automakers so that they will voluntarily conform to the californian standards without worrying about this going to the courts or the epa trying to hold them back. Major automaker just joined the coalition and we expect others will as well. They are really leading the way on climate action. There are others. Washington state has done a lot, new york state. The 25 governors in the u. S. Climate alliance, thats about half the country that has a governor really leading on the area trying to achieve some of these bigger goals when the federal government is not. Host connors bill, indiana, gary, democratic line. Caller thank you for what you do, you are keeping it real in america. The stuff youre talking about, its been a real problem for the factories since the industrial revolution, but all the hydrocarbons started getting put in the air and having that effect on it and everything. Valid scientific proof, the exxon mobil people the big boysthers, from the big companies, they keep slipping under the rug so that they can just make it and say dont tell anybody that we made more money that way. Can i tell you something, man . Its so antihumanistic to do that. Took on zero is right about it, its a real problem. Lastly, mr. Light, thank you for you preach the truth and just keep talking the way you are talking. I will see you later, man. Guest thank you very much. Host do you want to touch on the Green New Deal and whether that is something president ial campaigns should include as part of their platform . The its it guest Green New Deal is an exciting idea out there floated by alexandria ocasiocortez. And others. Its a resolution, not a bill, it doesnt give a pathway to the carbon eyes and work increasing the share of the electric vehicles in the economy but it sets big aspirational goals. Its gathered a huge amount of excitement from younger people which is what we want to see. Thats how youre going to get the kind of responsible engagement by citizens in our democracy to make sure that their leaders are paying attention to this problem. Are now beginning to see a few campaigns come out and fill in those spots to come up with different kinds of policies on that and i think we will wait and see through this election cycle like who wraps their climate plan in the language of the Green New Deal. Whether they do or not, whats most important to look at are the details of the plans as they come forward. Are they achieving the kinds of targets that we want to see . It host is it realistic . Youredepends on what talking about. In terms of aspirational targets, like the climate ones, i think we can actually get to net decarbonization by 2050 for these kinds of things. We can get very strong along the way by 2030 if the United States and the federal Government Joins this coalition of states, mayors, and Business Leaders acting on Climate Change right now. There are other parts of the Green New Deal that bring in entitlement reform and other things like that. We will just see to what extent different candidates or even this administration might need to link how we think about these kinds of issues with Climate Policy. And july is our guest, a senior fellow at the world resource institute, taking your phone calls for another 20 minutes this morning. Phone calls for republicans, democrats, and independents as usual. We will put those numbers on the screen as we hear from william in manassas, virginia. Independent, go ahead. Thank you for taking my call. Im an engineer by training. Practicing. Having worked for coalfired and nuclear plants, there was a lot of screaming about acid rain. 60 minutes did a piece, there was a lot of denial from the coalfired plant owners. Basically we came out with electrical principles to clean as weoke that came out are threatened to be find. Question for your guest is what really makes sense is the for 20 years over time, that may even probably discussion more. Just talking about, you know, its not going to make a dent. What will make us more safe or get other peoples interest in to talk about the Climate Change would help. I couldnt agree more. Going back to look at the report from before, created by an act of Congress Since 1990s, there have been four so far. The last one was released by this administration. Are several hundred authors, half from the government, half from nongovernmental participants. If you look at that, think a good way of paraphrasing it is that it is about health. Its about the Health Impacts of Climate Change. Its just tremendous. If you look at the loss of work hours, if we dont do something about Climate Change, dont hit these International Stabilization roles, by the end of 2100 we could be seeing losses of 160 billion per year to the economy just from lost work hours. We did see deaths because of extreme heat to the tune of tens of thousands of people costing 140 billion annually to the economy. When you look at how those areas are different, if you bring in action on Climate Change so that we do stabilize and work with other countries to stabilize and prevent the higher increases in see the damageu is cut by half almost across the board. The same thing is true with air quality across the board. The problem here is that if you are a member of a vulnerable population, the elderly, children, poor people, you are already sort of suffering disproportionate Health Problems right now just in general. Climate change makes all of that worse. The degree that there are inequalities in the system driven by these different kinds of economic factors, they just get worse under Climate Change because those vulnerable populations are not in as good a position to make themselves safer. Valley college, new york, peter, republican line, good morning. Is such a huge subject, i will try to be brief as possible. You should have a guy like joe bosnarti on as a guest, he debunks a lot of this. As far as the climate accord and us pulling out, i think the president do the right thing because countries were not required to make changes in china. I agree that the planet is warming, but we have been warming for the last 12 thousand years. The last ice age was 150,000 years. Were we responsible for that . Were we responsible for the planet getting warmer . Theres a lot of hysteria regarding this, particularly with the democratic candidates. The economy is doing great, we defeated isis. Everything is pretty good. The Democratic Party really doesnt have any issues. So basically they are trying to scare the public into voting for democrats because of Climate Change. The shorelines, more building is being done by the water. In fact, look at politicians like al gore. The hugest state that he has, the heat and the airconditioning there . President obamas wife just purchased a huge estate in marthas vineyard, huge and by the water. Think they are afraid that the waters went to bury them under the ocean . Guest to the callers claim that the planet has formed in the past, thats absolutely true. The excess Greenhouse Gases are being put there in the atmosphere. Thats what caught last thats that is what is causing the warming. We have not seen this for the last 1800 million years. Probably more if you use other kinds of proxy data sets. More important than that, we havent really moved up to this concentration, forcing the warmer temperatures. This has been incredibly fast. Things that usually happen over a geological timescale are happening in a biological timescale and plants and animals have evolved over this time of the earths history and they cannot adapt fast enough and that is where we will see these really important, huge ecological and biological and human impacts caused by it. With respect to the claim about the Paris Agreement being good to get out of because chime china doesnt have to do a thing until 2030, unfortunately the present is just wrong about that. Every country initially got to set their own target but there was a lot of pressure. We spent about a year negotiating with the chinese of pushing them to do more, they pushed us to do more until their president and our president announced top lines on joint targets before we actually finished. They did that in november of 2014. Looking at the chinese targets under that, they are in almost the ambitious theory of target is 2030 but theres no way they can achieve that by waiting until 2029. For example, they want to replace 20 of the total Energy Supply with nonfossil sources. If they do that thats the equivalent of replacing all energy from all sources in the United States to nonfossil sources. Thats a huge amount to do. They cant pledge to do that in 2015 and wait to start doing it until 2029. They have to start doing it now and that is in fact what they are doing. They are already lowering the Carbon Intensity of their economy, reducing the amount of Carbon Dioxide per unit of gdp that the economy produces. In 2009 they pledged that they would try to do this to the tune 25 , 30 . They have already achieved and surpassed that target and will do more. These other countries are working really hard to achieve these targets and the u. S. Is the only country in the world pulling back at a National Level and not participating in the process. Host sharon, good morning. Morning. Es, good mr. Light, i would like to address something i see everywhere. Im not technically savvy about this, but everywhere that i go i see individuals sitting in sometimes 15,s, 20, 25 minutes, elders scouring receipts. Younger people who actually live in their vehicles, eat in them, text in them, music, whatever. Even these temperate seasons, some even with the windows down are running the motors, running ac with the windows down. This is crazy. I asked the drivers ed instructor do you ever address idling and he seemed to imply no, we really dont. Because parents, deniers might sue. To me this is a very large problem. Host idling vehicle. Guest this brings up an important point. Tackleway you can try to Climate Change, its changing human behavior, trying to get people to voluntarily take measures so that they are not idling their cars, voluntarily say putting solar panels on their house, doing other things because they believe in it and want to do something but the problem is too big to wait for those kinds of behavioral changes. Everything that we do everyday value,oduces positive all the kinds of things absolutely genuinely on ambiguous state good things to do unfortunately usually contributes to the problem because we live in a fossil fuel infrastructure. Things thats incredibly important, of the top three things the u. S. Needs to decarbonized the Electricity Supply and the other is to electrify transportation and come up with more ways to take carbon out of the atmosphere and sequester it and store it using plants and other means. On electric vehicles thats one of the ways. Idling of idling electric vehicles wouldnt give the same amount of pollution like you get right now with an internal combustion engine. Thats why this is a structural problem, a design problem. We need to make it possible for people to go through their lives as they had been before, no conspiracy here to take over an american way of life. What we want to do is to make it possible to grow the economy, continue to live lives as they were before without unintentionally contributing to the problem that will hurt them down the road. Salem, oregon, john. Caller i agree with the color from new york on a lot of his points, talking about the politicians like obama, al gore, they talk the talk but they dont walk the walk. His amng im tired of tired of you guys, Climate Change fanaticals that are fear mongering. Thats exactly what you are doing. Even if you institute all of the programs you want to do and get us totally off fossil fuels and you go wind and solar and so forth and the United States was to do that, the effect on the. Limate would be so minimal the only way that this could be achieved would be it would have to be a worldwide effort. Guest i totally agree. We cant do it by ourselves. Its a global problem. The omissions in one parts of the world going up cause problems equally to all parts of the world but we are not going to get progress in a world need to goo where we unless the United States is fully participating. We are the second largest Greenhouse Gas emitter in the. Orld other countries want to move forward as well and will have an easier time, the leaders of the other countries have an easier time convincing the governments and their people to take more ambitious action if they see the United States also taking action. Im not really a fanatic about anything. What were looking at here is a wherehreat right now about half of all americans today said that they have been personally impacted by Climate Change or they know someone who has. That will increase in the future and if we want to get to those solutions, im confident that we can do that in a way that grows the economy. Statesics right now, 33 have already lowered their emissions and increased Economic Growth and its entirely possible to do this in a reasonable way. Host what you say to the callers who call in about this, who have called in in the past who say in the 90s i heard we only had two beers left and hear how that we only have a few what do you say to those folks who are skeptical about making changes in hearing this sort of timeframe. Im not comfortable with a can of language either, never have been. The idea that you have a decade and its over just isnt true. Mentioned,things i the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that came up with a big group last fall about whether it is feasible for possible to these targets, one of the things that has come out of the visit we only have until 2030 and its just not true. In 2030ething happens and we are all doomed. It does get more expensive if you dont achieve it pretty far into her you want to be. It gets harder, it might mean that we are going to have to double down and deploy technologies that we cant even imagine existing right now. We mentioned solar and wind a everything and above kind of guy. We want to capture Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuel plants. There are a number of solutions that we need to move forward. The problem is, it gets more expensive the longer that we wait in the will be harms by Climate Change, but you cant pull back from them once they happen. You want to try to not exceed these thresholds, you need to try to hit these targets there. Host ralph is here in d. C. , independent, good morning. Caller good morning, great conversation. Make. Of points to andrew yang has been talking about molten salt reactors. Wanted tokilled they keep a water reactor to produce newtonim. Produce it requires none of these they class holes and its at one third the price. From your callers the arguments in hearing is that we are approaching the wall at 70 miles per hour, so i hit the brakes, nothing has happened yet. Thats the logic. Its like well, he beats his wife. The other people in the swimming pool, why shouldnt we . These inane arguments that we should do nothing because the world hasnt exploded yet and we should do nothing because other people may not do anything are completely ridiculous. Guest i cannot speak to that particular technology the caller was talking about but this is a great opportunity to talk about what the federal government can do. Ongress can do a lot there are republicans who want to forward on Climate Change but they are worried about the politics of it. One of the things that we see and hear a lot about here on capitol hill is that there is ample support for some kind of innovation platform coming from with othercan side kinds like battery storage, potentially using hydrogen and other things like that. I think that there is also will for this as well as to extend the tax credit programs going out there for solar and wind, extend that to capture sequester. This is something republicans and democrats have agreed on in the past. Progressg to make until we see much more concentrated and concerted federal action. California, democratic line, good morning. Great thank you for the program. I would like to issue a challenge to my fellow americans, these climate deniers calling it on the republican line, i would challenge them to turn on turn off Rush Limbaugh and fox news and watch al gores film rather than just taking potshots at it. Sit down and watch it. Video with climate sampleshowing the core reflecting the beginning of the Industrial Age with the carbon samples. Its called burn the operators manual. You might even be able to show that on one of your channels. Its fantastic. Teacher incience kansas, a republican who explains Global Warming to nonbelievers. Primarily one of the things he and they makene their plans toward saving our planet. Guest this is true, looking for the last five administrations, we have seen increases and didnt decreases in concern from the white house and we have never seen the pentagon back take yourit, they mission seriously to protect the homeland and American Interest abroad. They cannot mess around with the one or two scientists out there the disagree with the global consensus. The preponderance of the evidence shows that it makes threats worse. Its also a catalyst for conflict that with other issues can make things worse. We know for example that there was a drought that precipitated the Syrian Civil War that was unprecedented. The science on this looks like the drought was driven by human activity. The degree to which humans have warmed the planet, it has caused about one million farmers to leave the countryside and come into the city. The assad regime made things worse. Along with the conflict that arrested from that. But it contributed to it. This is something that i agree we should take to heart. Mike, houston, texas, republican, can you make it quick question mark caller yes. Compliance. Climate change is about if you listen to what we say and shut off Rush Limbaugh, no one gets hurt. Faceless, unelected, unaccountable bureaucrats manage the affairs of our daily lives and we have to give up private Property Rights and comply with daily activities. All of these predictions that occur dont seem to affect politicians on the left. They can fly in their private jets, they can have two homes, but they will not be the first the point is, where is the measurement to say when Climate Change is over . Its like racism. Its a card used to play for decades. There is no exit strategy. There is no timeline. When you set goals for your life you have goals and you measure the timeline to achieve them. Guest this is where the caller is just mistaken i think. We went through a process of three decades negotiating targets for where the world and adapt to the world as it warms. Codifyinge process, it in clear language to limit temperature increase to two degrees celsius, where it was in the preindustrial time, lower celsius,at 1. 5 degrees with an increase in temperature, we know that that world is worse two degrees. But it is a goal, it is a concrete target internationally agreedupon by all countries in the world except for the United States. The only thing, the biggest Thing Holding back the world right now is our country that refuses to participate in the process that we in fact lead on to create this International Consensus to achieve goals and take them seriously which would nothieving them require americans to give up any private property or something as scary as that. Host tonight at 10 p. M. Eastern, the Cato Institute debates conservatism versus libertarianism. Among the topics, immigration and the economy. Heres a preview. Literature finds immigration has a positive impact on long grown Economic Growth and little to no effect on the real wages. Most estimates find a positive impact overall. Importantly as well, undocumented immigrants are eligible for feuding federal welfare so they hardly pose a threat to entitlements spending which is already out of control. Asm 2002 to 2009, immigrants a whole subsidize health care, taking 14 percent of 14. 7 of a third common misconception is that immigrants will not assimilate. If you compare the immigrants from today to the groups of ireland and italy, you will see the assimilate at the same rate. Three generations in, voting patterns and self identification as an american are identical to nonrecent immigrant families. One important fact should be emphasized. Assimilation does not necessarily mean adopting Heritage Foundation values. Yet, if we truly want to protect our heritage, we left continue to allow robust immigration. With the exception of the blatantly racist chinese excursion act, the very conception of an illegal immigrant did not exist until 1924. Almost everyone in this room is dissented from someone who was fleeing persecution or seeking better opportunity for their families. Those same people would not make it to america under current law. When you hear conservative say get to the back of the line, remember there is no line. The Current System lacks any meaningful due process. We lost children in cages away from the parents. We demonize people trying to provide for their families. Our policies create criminals out of good people. Undocumented migrants are not a threat to the u. S. Unless we make them one. Rebuttal from the conservative side. We have to remember we are having this conversation within the context of the status quo. A world where we have Border Patrol and agencies like ice. What do you think will happen if we remove these secured he measures . Contrary to what our opponent said, it is not the same thing as ms 13. An influx of crime on the border. Should we not try to stop criminals from crossing into our country, killing men, women and children . How long do we have to wait before we do something . How we should answer the welfare system. It is not only affect the federal government, it affects state governments. 26 states get welfare governments to noncitizens. Our country is when went unwilling to build a wall around the border, what about welfare . 1. 75 people legally into the country last year. We allow more, think about the additional people. The government estimates the current 11 million illegal population will cost 1. 5 trillion. What will happen to that when we add 10, 50, 100 million more people . I never thought i would hear libertarian extent of the welfare state. You could watch this entire debate with interns of the Heritage Foundation and the Cato Institute on conservatism versus libertarianism tonight at 10 00 eastern on cspan. You can follow all of our cspan. Orgline at and listen with the free cspan radio app. In the wake of the recent shootings in el paso, texas and dayton, ohio, the House Judiciary Committee will return early early summer recess to mark up three gun violence prevention bills which includes banning highcapacity ammunition magazines, refitting firearms from those deemed from a court to be a risk, and preventing individuals convicted of misdemeanor hate crimes from purchasing a gun. Live coverage begins wednesday, september 4 on 10 again eastern on cspan and cspan. Org. And listen to our live coverage using the free cspan radio app. Washington journal continues. Host the Deputy Director for Economic Policy of the heritage and foundation, nicolas loris, back behind the desk. Will you start by defining what thats job is . Guest tricky within itself. When the Obama Administration theyooking at green jobs included everything from trash collectors to people who work in goodwill. They were involved in reusing and recycling. Conventionally more people talk about the Energy Economy and what that looks like. The folks