Million kids who have grown up in the United States. The fact that they have helped to put a face on this issue and to really bring out some of the truths about immigration and who we are talking about, them stepping out amid their lives and making their stories known has been transformative. We understand that these are doctors and lawyers. Auto mechanics and cashiers. Priests and marines. There is a whole panoply of things they do and contribute to the United States and it has been transformative. Host what do you think . By trumpsas framed aggressive campaigning on this issue when he laid out 10 Major Campaign promises and walk around with a 10 gallon hat with rhetorical heat and he said, look. We will deal with the borders and Law Enforcement and chain migration which is what he has been talking about. And talking about state and local cooperation. Banning sanctuary cities. Putting in incentives to make sure they cooperate with Law Enforcement. He has talked about closing loopholes in the immigrant visa programs. T visa, the l visa, the jv said. These things have become a bridge for students to work in the country indefinitely until a green card comes. In the end, what he is talking about is doing what the commission talked about doing it in 1979 saying, look. Our system of family chain migration doesnt make sense. Oved to a merit based system you dont get to bring in adult it is a and sisters, neverending process that causes immigration numbers to flow up words. This, midst of all democrats decided to categorize these people as dreamers in 2004 and they crafted a bill. They created something called dreamers. A sympathetic group of people who came as minors. Passes and administrative amnesty for socalled daca, suddenlyr so, and now we are told there is a crisis and we have to fix it. And the democrats say ok, we want trump to sign a bill that gives everybody amnesty that we are not willing to give trump a single thing he wants. Willhat is probably why we not see major legislation of a bipartisan nature in 2018. Host would you agree with that . Will he not see Bipartisan Legislation . Major legislation has been within our reach for a long time. It requires google to stop playing politics with issues and get of the heart of what it is were trying to accomplish with Immigration Reform. The goal is to create an immigration system that is good for america. Good for American Workers and families and is this. That is the objective in Immigration Reform. There are a lot of difficult things to deal with. Enforcement issues and the fact that we have ignored this issue for a long time and we have a lot of undocumented immigrants that are in the country now who status have to be addressed. There is a lot tied up in a but it is within our reach. Ofhink the ands dark view what needs to be included in the bill are belied by what is happening. The truth is that trump has dramatically increased Immigration Enforcement. Who is it that he is not able to enforce this against . Argument for more enforcement laws or language . He has no trouble rounding up and removing people in the United States. So lets set aside those kinds of political issues and focus on the fact that 122 of these kids are losing status every day. And they do deserve an to be illegal in the only country they have ever known. Explain what your group as . We are 50,000 immigration lawyers from around the country representing businesses and families and individuals, trying to help them navigate this competition system. And the federation for Immigration Reform . Guest we have almost 2 million Members Around the country at this point. We work to prevent the overcrowding of americaguest wy aforcing borders and setting numerical cap on immigration and making sure immigration helps america and doesnt just serve the needs of foreign governments or immigrants themselves. Joining us until 9 30 this morning, taking your, and questions. Immigration reform in this country. Immigrants can call at 202 7488000 democrats can call at 202 7488000. Republicans can call at 202 7488001. Independent callers, 202 7488002. What would a cap be . Aest weirdly talked about settlement that was easy to accomplish in the 1970s but the notion of chain migration is the core of the problem. In 1965 when the Current System was put in place, everybody involved in the drafting of that bill will so you there was a lot of naivete about the nature of from poorer countries and less wealthy countries and what did it mean to give priority based on a nepotistic system of chain migration. It is basically, do you have a family relationship . You get in line and you establish limits and that establishes waiting list. There are two major reasons why we have ilLegal Immigration. One is the enforcement of the law. The second is family preference. Meaning people who are waiting for seven years, many of them are incentivized come in on a tourist visa and they never leave. Proper reform means going at all of the root causes of immigration chaos. Democrats want immigration anarchy. They dont come to the table to talk to donald trump about anything donald trump wants to get done. That do you have a number guest it would be nice to get it down. If you have immigration skews criteria that the demand declines and you can drink the numbers down. Host what would that change mean . Today there are about one million Illegal Immigrants that come into the country each year . That is correct. It would require a shift and it would be a significant hit to the economy. Families and making these judgments about who you include in your family and you dont . That julie are as a country. We do have preferences. The first preference we have for employmentbased is workers of extraordinary ability. The second is professionals holding advanced degrees. A system thathave prioritizes people who are highly skilled and educated, bringing unique talents to the United States. The family category, the first thing we do is allow citizens to bring spouses and minor children. After that, you have a really long waitingcitizens list. Up first from tampa bay, the line for independent callers. On withim glad to get the program this morning, thank you for cspan. Answer, mr. Johnson, a couple of concerns i have with the Immigration Judges that belong to your organization . I heard a cspan informational saying judges of along to your immigration to your foundation and they sit here having to do do with different states . And i am glad to get on with mr. Stein. I am in florida. And it is always considered not a border state but i have to tell you, it is a border state. And i am a little nervous that assimilation is a big issue in our state. And in other states. So when things are going to start moving forward for the daca program and the judge is deciding who will stay and who will not stay . Based on their particular political lean, can you address that . Host we will take that up. We have great relations with Immigration Judges but they are not a member of the foundation. They are attorneys who do not work for the government. We work in private practice. But we do have a lot of respect and in common with the Immigration Judges. And we firmly believe they play an Important Role in the system. The immigration decisions happen outside of the courtroom instead of inside the courtroom when a judge can look at the facts and make determinations about whether this person deserves a removal or what the outcome of the case should be. Too often, decisions are made by Police Officers who made the arrests. And that is not the system of justice that we have in this country. Andmmigration and judges lawyers play in the system. Guest there is a profound sense that immigration has gotten way too high. Because of chain migration and previous amnesties. 2 millione amnesty to daca under the system could produce another 5 million visas. Own this is unmanageable. It also means we have a mismatch between the labor market. We are at a postindustrial informational system society. We have the economy competing worldwide. With massive immigration since American Workers have taking it on the chin and it is an hourglass economy when you have the wealthy at the top and a disappearing middle class because of the in looks of low skill, lowwage immigrant labor. Disagree but it is important to tell the truth. The idea that one immigrant brings millions of other immigrants . Youre right, immigrants come with children and spouses lets be honest with each other and with the public about how and it takes for a brother sister, as remote as you can get in the immigration system, it he for aplus years u. S. Citizen and it is only a u. S. Citizen that can bring a brother or a sister it takes 20 plus years. All of the waiting lists right now. 1997 is the backlog. Only people who applied before 1997. Prioritizing spouses and siblings makes sense. That is what the system does. And your point about the American Worker getting it from all sides, i agree with that. There is no question that the economy has been a real challenge for a lot of americans. But is the only answer you are able to offer an american a scapegoat and an excuse then you dont understand the nature of what theyre facing. Piece of legislation being discussed right now is the dreamers act. How many individuals will be impacted if the dreamers act was made into law . Is 800,000daca group with low vetting. They are not all valedictorians. Many of them are in their 30s now. We get a rosy colored view. The Lindsey Graham version of the dream act. You are talking about maybe 2 and it could be 26 billion. Why is that . Low skilled. Host do you agree with those numbers . Guest no. At one milliony kids that we are talking about here. And they have been incredible can to the United States since the moment they got here. And it is being cooked up by dick durbin . Hatch, when the first bipartisan proposals we have seen on immigration and it has been around its 2000 when you had bipartisan efforts. If that was cooked up than they out to cook up more of these ideas. Host larry, a republican, go ahead. Guest caller pitcher true amount of illegals is about 30 million. I have three coworkers. Two from ecuador and one from cuba. They became citizens and they learned english. Take up thatto number. 30 million Illegal Immigrants in the United States, is that accurate . Guest there is no censusbased estimate. Bottom line is, nobody knows. Because it is illegal. Although the democrats seem to know where they all are and want to get them into the voting booth. Host i just want to know if we numbers . On the basic isst i would agree that it between 9,000,00012,000,000 in the United States. Is that theoint respect for law and the cornerstone for citizenship, lanes of people are breaking the law and jumping the line and they want an advantage because they broke the law. Richard on the line for republicans. Thank you for joining the conversation. Caller i am 70 years old. There was a likable factory and 1000 people lost their jobs. Nobody say oh, those poor people, what are we going to do for them . It is the illegals. Drugs to the nation and bombs to the cities. Now we cannot have an outside activity without having cameras on the roof. Immigrants in the United States are not bringing in drugs or terrorism. They are here to make up better life for themselves. But i understand the pain you are talking about. There have been many places in the United States that have suffered through changes in our economy. And there havent been enough politicians paying attention to the needs and concerns of the communities. Before, the answer isnt to make villains and scapegoats out of other people. Focus on, whato does it take to rebuild communities. Places,some of those immigration is a big way to rebuild communities. There are places where bringing immigrants and helps to create jobs. It doesnt mean that every community is the exact same. But you need to demand of your leaders that they respond to your problem not with excuses but with real solutions. The president has talked about ending chain migration. Of the raysortive act . Guest no. We can talk about how we can improve the system because it does need improvement and its ignored it has been for many years. But the truth is that we want and need high skills emigration coming into the United States because we have needs of the highend of the skill spectrum. We also have American Workers who are getting out of there less skilled jobs trying to move into high skill jobs so you have gaps of the other end as well. Nimbled a system that is enough to respond to the needs of our economy and respond to apps in the workforce and create a system where you have people who are following the rules. When a system is broken, it it becomes difficult for anybody to follow the rules. He represents people who make a living bringing immigration bringing immigrants in. Is what matters. We represent millions of americans who think the border should be patrolled and immigrants shouldnt come in and take american jobs. The numbers shouldnt get so high that it is unmanageable. Donald trump has articulated a sound basis for reform the sound basis just debit overall. This is a decision about how many people come in and do they are going to be. Host a Quick Response . Member of my a organization so it cant be bad. Our goal is to have immigration laws that are predictable and that can match up our needs as families and businesses with the immigration system. We dont have now. Yes, i have a question for the man who is for the meritbased system. If there is a man who comes and wants to bring his wife, will you deny her . Thank you for this question. , you qualifydoctor for a primary beneficiary and you can bring your uneducated spouse. You can bring uneducated, unmarried children but you are law or dad orork aunts or uncles are cousins. It stops with the family you get married and you have children, that is the family that is the family you created. But the family that created you goes back. Need to move towards Nuclear Family immigration and stop with the extended family when we simply cant deliver. Host michelle is a democrat, good morning. Good morning. You are doing a fantastic job termng next to a man who i in my view as a racist. We hire illegal, as well as legal immigrants. Would democrats, we never hire sheet wearing, hillbilly how do you hire illegal business . For your caller i hire them because i want to, there is no such thing as illegal. The case, why dont you white folks go back ost got your point, michelle, unless you want to respond to michelle . This is not aint, time for name calling, we need to be solving and i hope we can all get to the business of solving problems. There was a novel called fable of the bees in 1714. Danville made a point about labor exploitation. Exploitation labor is that if you can condition quasislave under conditions, the attraction for employers is that when low expectations take old, Illegal Immigrants dont expect a raise, they dont expect a career path, try tois for people to justify on economic grounds and ignore the reality of people hired here illegally, knowing that the desperation factor makes the bargaining position between employer and employee unfair. In chandler arizona, go ahead. I know a lot of people here that are hispanic people, and it is nonsense that these daca kids dont speak english, they all speak spanish. Every single one of them do. Forthey also go back and to their Foreign Countries to visit Family Members all the time. What percentage of those daca kids have applied for citizenship . The second thing is, i would lead i would like to see the immigration process for anchor babies eliminated. Now their families can come after them. That is just nonsense. Thanks, jerry. Im from arizona and i also understand the border communities. Daca kids cant apply for citizenship. The only way to apply for citizenship is to become a legal, permanent citizen and you stay out of trouble for five years and then you are able to apply for citizenship will thats the reason they are not citizens. Reforml for immigration is to get them on a pathway to become citizens of the only other country they have ever known. Been here, contributing in significant ways, and i think its the right thing to do, to give them a cap forward and. In terms of anchor babies, lets be truthful here. The unitedt come to states and have a baby and have legal status. Thats not the way it works. They have to wait until they are at least 21. So eventually, a child that becomes 21 could apply, but if their parents are here illegally there is no way for them to apply for their parents. So the notion of an anchor baby s political rhetoric. It is a really grounded in anything, in the law. Would you change the system of birthright citizenship . Thats one of the things thats missing from the congressional debate, something statutory so that the mother here illegally does not bestow citizenship. Daca uestion of absolutely because it is a major incentive. Major incentive for people to come here. The whole problem of reform. What i want to talk about is the daca people. And we know two things about the daca group. They are all citizens, not of the United States, but they are citizens of other countries where they can go back, prosper, what have you. Will secondly we all know they didnt fold for anybody, at least legally come in the last election. At the top of the congressional agenda its a major priority. Maybe trump is a savvy guy and he knows the art of the deal, and he wants to sit down with the democrats and say, give me what i want, give me a merit system, give me an end to chain for the American People, why are we leading with the question of amnesty for daca. We been dealing with Immigration Reform for 20 years. Its time for that issue to be at the top of the list. The longer we take the can down the road the harder it gets. These kids are not first in line in any appropriate way. They have been waiting and we have been waiting. About 25 minutes left in this segment. Lets go to any in the bronx on the line for democrats. Eddie, go ahead. Act now is the cuba coming to an and under the trump . Dministration wil and his immigration today in the 21st century hurting black americans . Cuban nationals should be treated on the same basis as every other national all over the world. We have been calling we have been calling for that for a long time. The problem is the Republican Party has and allegiance to the Cuban Community in florida. In the old days it was the consensus that it was a coldwar relic that needed to be repealed. Judging from the tweet yesterday about daca, trying to match democrats at their own game, he says democrats are really delivering on this stuff and if you are at hispanicamerican voter, trump did pretty well among hispanicamerican voters. The massive amount of lowskilled immigration as well as ilLegal Immigration has hurt not only black or africanamericans, but it has hurt all americans who have the least ability to basically defend themselves. Been ahe end it has massive betrayal of the promise of the Civil Rights Movement, and many of the same architects of the Civil Rights Movement put into place a system of laws that effort workers across the board. Will the goal of Immigration Reform should be to and undocumented immigration as we know it. Its not good for us, its not good for them. Is it good for employers that are out there, that are using the immigration controversy to further exploit immigrants over qualified immigrant qualified American Workers, those employers should be punished. To make sure setup that immigrants can be used to fill legitimate gaps in the labor force. We have to make sure employers are playing by the rules, and they are preferring u. S. Workers over imMigrant Workers. But where we have legitimate needs for imMigrant Workers, then we should allow our immigration system to fill those gaps. In its what we have been doing for 200 plus years and we should upgrade the immigration system to fit more into our economy today. The caller asked whether the immigration system is hurting africanamericans in the country. The immigration system is not hurting africanamericans in the country today. All the evidence shows it is bringing jobs to the communities where they live. That doesnt mean there are two unique challenges to the African Americans our economy, but those challenges are going to be addressed by the immigration system. Host ben johnson, American Immigration lawyers association, aila. Org, on the internet, if you want to find them. Daniel stein, American Immigration lawyers association, it is fairus. Org. We are taking your call for the next 20 minutes on washington journal. Roger is in roanoke, virginia. Go ahead. Caller yes, a lots of verbiage, get back to calling this, we can paint rosy pictures, as mr. Stein alluded to earlier. Will docket and all this is illegal, ilLegal Immigration and i just mr. Johnson, a question for you being a lawyer. How do you feel when our politicians, who swore to take an oath, and uphold the institution and its laws want to make not only their city, but a whole state, a sanctuary state, and how do you think that affects lawabiding citizens when you got politicians picking and choosing what laws they are choosing to follow . Guest well, sanctuary cities, it is a bit of a misnomer these days. There is no city out there in sort of circling the wagons around immigrants and protecting them from deportation. What is happening in lots of communities around the country, is that those Law Enforcement officers are making the determination that the best use of time, money and resources is to focus on the laws they have sworn to enforce. The local criminal laws, the local 911 calls, protecting and serves communities. And they have made the determination, the best way to do that is for them to do their job and for the federal immigration officers to do their job. They have nothing against those federal immigration officers, but theyre not prepared to take their time and their money to do the job of the federal government, any more than they would do the job of the i. R. S. , stopping workers or stopping drivers and finding out, did you file your taxes or not . Or federal Communications Laws or osha laws, i mean, where does that end . Some point the federal government needs to do its job and state and local Law Enforcement need to do their job. Host the last point . Guest it is hard to understand lack of compassion for American Workers in the face of massive lawlessness thats happened across the board. People believe in this country because they believe it works and respect for law is important component of it. People who come in illegally, without skills and education we need, are directly impacting American Workers in ways, if you look back at history sanctuary cities. Guest we have Democratic Party, set itself defiance of enforcement in the interior. You have to be blind or ostrich to not see what is going on when jerry brown signs this law. De blasio, as well. The Democratic Party is uniformly opposed to any measure that will increase enforcement. Thats one reason they wont come to the table and negotiate with the Trump Administration or frontbencher necessary congress, actually cut a deal with the Trump Administration. Because democrats have basically said immigrants vote heavily democrat, we dont care if they come legally or illegally. They are not going home if we have anything to do with it. Guest there is a fine nuances about the federal laws they are , hostile to federal Immigration Enforcement in their communities. Basically putting up signs that say federal enforcement authorities, get out of our city, we want you to pay for the immigrant labor, but not help enforce the law. Host we need to get to more calls. Eve, line for democrats. Go ahead. Caller good morning. Im illegal immigrant, i work in nursing home. I would like him to come to nursing home to see how we work hard, how we come here and take elderly and that is not a lot of money. Tell me, nobody, i dont think you are going to let a Family Member of yours come and do the work that we are doing for the amount that we get. So we dont come here just to take american jobs. We come here to contribute, i come from haiti, to work, and help ourselves. A hard, hard, is hard, hard job. Working in a nursing home, gaining patients, helping them with their daily lives every day. Host thanks for sharing your story. Guest i want to commend you for working hard and willing to do an unsavory job. But the problem is if immigration were lower, these undesirable, as we call them, domestic jobs that dont compete in the export sector, they would pay more. The history of american labor, dawn of the 20th century, was controlling immigration in 192124 and enabling bargaining leverage for American Workers to increase, so they didnt have to work under the kinds of conditions you are describing. The percent of americans who are now unionized has declined. Americans have been marginalized out of the labor source in record numbers. The unemployment number is higher than would suggest by the numbers because americans have quit looking for work and dont , want to compete with you in the same kind of jobs you are allowing employers to pay. Immigration is about winners and losers, people at the top make money off low wages imMigrant Workers work for. People in the middle or getting clobbered, and the net result is we have no middle class. Host tom in brockton, massachusetts, line for republicans. Caller hey, guys. I live in a city that probably is least onethird immigrants. Mostly first generation, a lot of haitians, a lot of cape verdians. All good people, i have no issue with them. What i do have an issue with is our immigration system is broken and you know why it is broken, gentlemen . Host tell us, tom. Caller we have too many illegals in the country, what is not to understand . We had a policy last 30 years, really started with jimmy carter, where you, you know what, come in the country illegally, were not going to enforce immigration laws, okay. So no, im sorry, i support this president. I belong to a labor union for 35 years. I normally vote for democratic president , but this guy was music to my ears. Host mr. Johnson . Guest i agree we have a problem with undocumented immigration, we have too much undocumented immigration. The immigration coming to the United States should be legal. The problem is that we have an immigration system that has stuck its head in the sand in terms of the economic and Labor Force Realities of today. The truth is that we do have a lot of jobs growing in the high end of the scale spectrum and , have a lot of gaps at the low end of the scale spectrum in the labor market. That is not an insult to u. S. Workers. Him and u. S. Workers are moving out of those jobs, unskilled labor like housekeeping and taking care of the elderly, because theyre Getting Better educated and they are getting older themselves. The problem is that our immigration system has no way for legal immigrants to come into the United States to do that work. There is no temporary worker visa for somebody to take care of the elderly, this is no, there is only 5000 green cards permanent visas available for those workers, across all of the country, across all of the job spectrums. So when you have an economy that says help wanted, and keep out, at the border, you will have an economy at war with the immigration system and unfortunately economy wins every time. Host you have jason in montgomery, alabama. The line for democrats. Good morning. Caller good morning, gentlemen, the house bill was supposed to crack down on ilLegal Immigration. And when they did that, they had mass outflux of the Migrant Workers from the agricultural jobs in the area and the farmers went , nuts because they didnt have anybody to fill those jobs. So the issue is that regardless of whether or not you agree with workers being here, we are dependent on them. You cannot all of a sudden deport all these people and expect no difference. One farmer in alabama said, if you want to get rid of Illegal Immigrants, stop eating, because all the fruits and vegetables you see in the store are a product of their work. And the reason why we cant get alabamans to do the jobs, they get paid by how much work they do. And people were not applying to do the jobs. It wasnt like, oh, were mass people saying, we will fill in the gaps. No, they did not do that. That is the first point. Second point is that the reason why theyre here is because theres jobs. Instead of focusing on them, we can talk to the employers to make sure they are doing what they are supposed to do, because these people are not villains. These people are trying to make a living, better life for their family, we know they didnt go through the right process, the right channels. Were depending on but them now and theyre here. We need to deal with it. Host mr. Stein. Guest the American Economy is choking on mass influx of jobs created in the last eight years have gone to foreign workers, immigrants, not nativeborn citizens. Net effect, wages have been stagnant, marginalized American Workers not in the labor force. You are justifying a system of labor exploitation is what it boils down to, but you are saying no free American Worker will do this work. But why did millions of people fight and die in the american civil war, in defense of slavery to basically pick cotton . Because they didnt believe free labor would pick cotton under the same working conditions. The sudden of economic privilege, when you make the argument, well, our food will cost more, well have to pay more for people cleaning our bedpans. As a fundamentally immoral argument based on exploitation, it is wrong, it needs to stop, the solution, big difference between me and ben johnson, he doesnt believe numbers matter, believe numbers matter. As far as hes concerned, raise the sky, the limit, bring in 25 million a year, grow to a Million People by end of the century. We need limits. Reempower American Workers, give the country a chance to catch up, maybe the infrastructure could catch up. I get up at 4 00 to get to work because the highways are choked with traffic, because immigration levels are not calculated to match the needs, domestic needs of the american society. Host about 10 minutes left in the roundtable discussion this morning, were talking about the future of Immigration Reform. I want to come back to that subject, mr. Johnson, as we look ahead to 2018. What does a realistic 2018 look like in your eyes when it comes to immigration . What will we see 12 months from now . Guest i will be honest and say, i dont know. I think that were in a very unique political situation, where i think the game has changed completely given who is in the white house and the way the politics is being played right now. I mean im not particularly , hopeful about the language and rhetoric, the fear and the scapegoating that is happening right now. I dont think it is good for the immigration issue, this notion immigrants are somehow responsible for traffic problems and responsible for health care problems. And i mean, laying the blame at the feet of immigrants for all the problems we face as a country is not only wrong, its just misguided. Its not going to get us the answers we need to those important problems. I want to and exploitation. I want us to have an immigration system that ensures workers that have chose jobs get wages and salaries and Worker Protection they need. But even if we dramatically increased wages, we are still going to need immigrant labor in certain sectors of our economy and our Current System doesnt allow the kind of Legal Immigration we want and need to fuel our economy. I hope that political debate will shift to a conversation about how to build that kind of system. And i hope well move away from the angry divisive , rhetoric that paints decent , hardworking people as something other than members of our communities trying to build a better life. Guest people make money off immigration, okay. Corporations and others, they profit from it. A Political Party is trying to build its Political Base through immigration. How do you get political compromise when you have corrupting influences that dont take an enlarged view of the national need. You take a look at the Democratic Party right now and say, all right, are they going to sit down at the table with the Trump Administration and leaders in the Republican Party and say, were willing to meet you halfway . There is not a shred of evidence right now that host where will we be january 2019 . Guest basically probably see partisan, i. E. , republican package that somehow gets through piecemeal and others and talks about many of the trump proposals, ending chain migration and others. Because right now host the wall . Guest certainly wall funding in there, yeah, they will try to deliver some things he wants. It will not be easy in the senate, but in the end emerging consensus, what trump has done is elevated the profile. Americans are beginning to understand why immigration is out of control, beginning to understand democrats are talking anarchy, and see why nothing gets done. In the end, you have to have a limit on immigration, you cant legalize everybody and let them stay and turn around and say, we need more. Host little time and a lot of callers waiting to talk to you gentlemen. Guest lets talk about that for a moment. The willing people arent willing to negotiate on immigration is wrong. Hold on, dan. In 2006, democrats and republicans came together to get a comprehensive Immigration Reform package and both sides gave up a lot. There was a lot of enforcement, a lot of improvements to ilLegal Immigration. That happened in 2009 and in 2013, gang of eight bail. What was coming out of that was a massive increase in border enforcement, increases in Legal Immigration, the idea politicians cant and wont negotiate on this issue is flat wrong. Host and waiting in new orleans, line for republicans, brian, go ahead. Caller mr. Stein, thank you for fighting. Mr. Johnson, we are going to resist you. And you are wrong, mr. Johnson, they are undercutting the community here from the top and the bottom. They are bringing the brightest and bringing desperate workers in. Mr. Stein, you are on point, thank you. We are fighting and resisting you johnson, you are an attorney, you have a job to do, mr. Johnson. Your kids, they dont compete, they dont have to compete with the immigrants, so youre good. But were going to fight. Host got your point. Lets go to dave in kingston, pennsylvania, line for independents. Dave, go ahead. Caller yeah, i feel that any country that has high unemployment and homelessness should have zero immigration. I think the United States right now needs 10year moratorium on all immigration. Also, we need to repeal the heart seller act of 1965, and we need to suspend with rare exception for true genius, someone like warner vonbron or nikoli tesla. Guest on point, i got to tell you, would you agree on moratorium . Guest why do we have immigration . It is supposed to serve the American People and the national interest. Its an optional program. We dont have to have immigration for sustained period of time to absorb and build highway and infrastructure, Transportation System we need, improve public education, actually catch up and make sure immigration is compatible with the population growth levels we growth levels, our environmental goals as a nation. We cant decide these things because of chain migration. Hes on point, time out for one in 1991, we said, look, the problem with oversubscribed relative categories, well never catch up, go back years. Unless you take a time out or breather, we never reset and set anew. The h1b program, right on, guys the guys on point. Smart guy. Host time out, what would 10year moratorium on immigration do . Guest would be devastating to the economy and families. Be clear about what moratorium is. You fall in love with somebody from another country, you dont get to marry them or unite with them in the United States. If you have somebody like elon musk or some other highskilled immigrant who is trying to come to the United States to innovate and create jobs in the United States, we are going to say no to you for no other reason than the notion of moratorium. The truth is that immigration flows have ebbed and flowed with the economy consistently since for the last 100 years. So we do have ebbs and flows that drive the immigration needs and demands, and that is the way the system should work. Guest a lot of no in the end. Guest the idea that we should only have immigration when there is zero unemployment ignores the fact there are certain areas of the economy and certain areas of the country you have incredibly low, effectively zero unemployment. And of those folks that are will desperate for folks to move into the communities or for people to economy, can the and should be able to use the u. S. Immigration system to achieve results. Host beaverton, oregon, john is a democrat. Good morning. Caller good morning, mr. Johnson and mr. Stein. I have five points, im also roman catholic. Host did you say five points . Lets do one or two, john, we do not have time for five. Caller persons have the right find opportunity in their homeland, persons have the right to migrate, support themselves and their families and sovereign nations have the right to control their borders. Would you both agree on that . Host mr. Stein, would you agree . Guest second and third point fundamentally inconsistent, beyond what the pope is saying, no right to cross borders if you dont have the right to be in any country, that is the law of nations. Host mr. Johnson. Guest i think we ought to be able to secure borders, have a system that allows us to determine who legitimately can be here and who we want out. We cant put our head in the sand and pretend the problem will go away by itself . Host john, do you have a followup . Caller i am going to add two more points. Mr. Stein was talking about exploitation. Is he aware, there is an l. A. Times article where certain employers in california are threatening their employees with, im going to get ice after you. And also, 95 of Daca Recipients are working or going to school. Guest im not familiar with that daca data you have there, that is not my understanding. Secondly, youre confirming my point, if employers call up threatening workers with deportation, that is exactly my point. My point is, it is a system of labor exploitation. Why do you want to justify it economic or moral grounds . It is wrong and should not be defended by anyone. Host karen in somerset, new jersey. Independent, go ahead. Caller hi, how is everybody today . Host doing well. Caller i just wanted to speak a little bit about how ilLegal Immigration and immigration as a whole has affected me. I moved from upstate new york four years ago to come back to new jersey to help with a sick sister. I have worked in healthcare, i came back here. Initially when i was trying to find a job before i came back here, i had a real difficulty because im not bilingual. So now as an american citizen, american born and bred, im coming here, i have no problem with people who come here legally, but it affected me. I had a hard time finding a job because i was not bilingual. Now, i did manage to get a job and i was pushed out because we had so many people coming in who, predominantly spanishspeaking people, that it was difficult to maintain my job because i could not speak spanish. Now i think there is something inherently wrong with that. Host mr. Johnson . Guest that is an unfortunate situation, i think we need to make sure those kinds of exploitive environments dont happen. Dan acts as if exploitation never existed until there was immigration. Its a sad reality that there are employers, there are bad actors out there willing to exploit workers and we need to , figure out way to end that. But you will not end that by pretending immigrants dont play Important Roles in our economies, and in our communities. Him communities. 25 of doctors in the United States are foreign born, they are providing really, really valuable medical services in Rural Communities all across the country. In those are the kinds of things that need to continue. Guest ben is saying americans arent good enough to do any job, whether doctors or picking cantaloupes. The nature of the discrimination the caller is facing, which is bilingualism, if you will, is a common problem among lesser skilled American Workers, maybe four years of college. When we lost these jobs, when manufacturing went overseas, internal mobility was hurt, because if you lived in dayton, you couldnt relocate to miami as a firefighter because you werent bilingual. This really hurts the job nativebornr American Workers who might be descendents of actor can read. They might be descendents of patrick henry. They cant get a job if they dont speak spanish. Host chester, line for republicans, hold on a second, want to get him in. Caller yes, mr. Stein and mr. Johnson, good morning. I want to comment on observation, i had over the summer. My neighbor just retired, he had a lot of work done to his house. When i was growing up, mixed white and black guys, this summer i watched guys in the neighborhood and every crew was hispanic and run by either black guy or white guy, but all the crews were immigrants. I spoke with the guys and asked were they legal or illegal, not my business, just curious, they said, they didnt know, they didnt care. These guys did work from dawn to dusk. But when you say there are jobs americans wont do, those are jobs we always did. Guest im not saying there are jobs americans wont do, im saying there are jobs out there where americans in certain areas of the country, certain sectors out of the economy, where there are less americans competing because they are competing to be the head of that crew, they are competing to start their own company to have their own crew of workers. So americans, its not and insult to American Workers that they are not willing to go back into the fields and pick cotton, when they lost their good auto working job. They are looking for opportunities higher on the skill spectrum and they are getting older as a work force. So this notion that mobility, that somehow language skill has to do we mobility, the reason that u. S. Workers, a lot of the u. S. Labor force cant move around in because theys, is now own homes at higher rates than before. They have a mortgage in ohio, that prevents them from moving to rural to pursue another job. Those kind of Labor Mobility are real challenges and what we need is real answers to bring jobs to those host i will give you the last 30 seconds. Guest this is what donald trump put his finger on and why trump is correct, these elites, you know, upscale elites who look down on bluecollar workers and see decimation of American Workers out of industry after industry after industry and take this condescending attitude, americans are all going there, we can get rollsroyce is because we are taking all these professional jobs. It is totally detached, a study their of unreality. Its like donald trump is president of the United States and fair is going to support Donald Trumps legislative agenda in 2018. Host we have to end it there. Daniel stein with Immigration Reform, fairus. Org. Ben johnson is the executive director of the American Immigration lawyers association. Thanks, come back again, lets do it again. On monday joined cspan live from the Brookings Institution for a discussion on the diplomatic and military options concerning north Koreas Nuclear program. Thats like monday 10 00 a. M. Eastern here on cspan. Sunday night on afterwards, judge looks back on his 30 year judicial career. Hes interviewed by democratic senator Richard Blumenthal of connecticut. Having gone from that active life of making decisions and going to court and advocating a was ato judging, difficult transition for you, in did you ever miss the life of advocacy, so to speak . It wasnt difficult. I have known people who became judges and so disliked the decisionmaking process that they left the bench. I was an advocate. Was i to be an advocate. I found the decisionmaking process, while it was different, enormously challenging and in or mislead satisfied. Say, i loved being a judge because the opportunity to resolve disputes, large and small, they all matter to largedy, was something of public significance. And thats a very satisfying role. Watch afterwards sunday night at my clock on cspan2. Sunday on cspans q and a i propose action now, before it is too late. I propose it for the sake of a better world. And i say again and again and again, thats i propose it for our own american self interests. Vandenberg arthur the man in the middle of the american century. Vandenberg finds himself in opposition when fdr is elected and democrats take control of the senate and he is in opposition for the next dozen years. That means, to get anything done, which often meant resisting some of Franklin Roosevelts initiatives, there needed to be a coalition. He needed to reach across the aisle. Q and a sunday night at 8 00 eastern on cspan. Cspans washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that affect you. Coming up sunday morning, we look at the future of health care and what changes congress withnsidering this year, chief washington correspondent thee rovner, plus demonstrations in iran and the Trump Administrations response. Cspans washington journal live beginning at 7 00 eastern sunday morning. Join the discussion. In cspan a look at whether Artificial Intelligence and technology are destroying jobs. This is at the Technology Institute annual aspen forum. We are moving on to talk about Artificial Intelligence. Not a day goes by that we dont sin of the store in the media about how artificial are,ligence and automation one, coming for our jobs and you can see it already. To take a look at the relatively labor flow relatively low labor flow. Two, itll allow the creation of completely new jobs and Industries Just as previous revolutions, and theres nothing to worry about