Understands everything. Watch to god, they all star trek. Its what their gunning for. This week in prime time on cspan. More now from the western phoenix. meeting in [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] were down to our last panel on this very packed day. Invite the roundtable up. Icipants to come the moderator e to make some introductions. Governor from colorado colorado. All right. Thank you, jim. One of the great challenges we is trying to ors anticipate the action and the that our actions will have down the road on future generations. Will give us l some insights on what that future might look like. By re going to start looking backward over the past get a s to let us to capsulesized look at how the countrys changed. You, if you have one back and told me in 1992 what we have now, i wouldnt have believed it. Explosion of internet, unbelievable changes in social unications, changes, how we do everything. Its just a different world than we had 25 years ago. Believe any of these compounding acceleration laws, of next 25 years the rate change will be even more rapid. Hopefully that rate of change better. For the our panel will offer a glimpse of what that future holds, of what is possible, and ome of the challenges that the future holds for us. A chance for us to think we can take ions now for that future. Joining us today, kristen research atector of gallup. Richard frye, pew Research Center. And ryan hawkins, director of and public policy. Whoever is calling me on my cell phone, i am not going to answer. Public policy nd at microsoft. And, gentlemen, we look forward to your remarks and good, robust conversation about the changing face of the west. Good afternoon. Thanks for the opportunity to share some things that we have around the office. Im going to share 5 or 7 minutes here about some of the hings that weve learned when it comes to k12 education, College Education and the workplace, and some of the within ons that fall that. I think the first thing that i 10 d share is over the last years, weve had time, attention the areasssessment in of curriculum and its on the radar screen. Weve made good advances there. Ut it seems to be changing and changing things we call the whole child or socialemotional learning. Theres more to the experience did on the test. There ad to hear that will are graded tests as a father of four it. Makes college more affordable. Studying student ngagement, the belief that you are involved with and enthusiastic about your school day experience. Includes safety and having a teacher that cares about you. 800,000 students 512 grades across the country andee how engaged they were to study their hopes and entrepreneurial aspirations and literacy. Financial nations students are engaged at school. I wish it were 100 , but 50 , engaged, and some are actively disengaged. Number like 50 , i want to know how we got there. The nations 5th graders or are ntary School Students engaged 3 out of 4, so about 75 . Theres a precipitous decline 9, to 10th , 7, 8, grade, where only about 1 3 of our students are engaged. And it flat lines there. 3 4 of our students are engaged but only ary school, 1 3 engaged when they get to high school. Thats a system issue we need to need to address. What is working at the in termsy school level of parent involvement, parent engagement and so on. So its a system challenge. We know there are several important components. One is great leadership. School districts across the country and have an opportunity to meet with that have schools been through a great turnaround and have a great story to tell. Successful school where people apologize for the principal. Heres always a strong leader when there is Great Success at the school. One of the most important things School Leader does is select the right teachers on their staff. Predisposed to be great at different jobs and to teach. A talent the belief that every student an learn and they get a kick out of that. So we have to identify those mitigate the shortage that many states are dealing with. Have to create a Great Workplace for them to learn, so away to the it students that they serve. Hen students are engaged, theyre more likely to achieve. How we feel today will drive how pin the future. With these o deal issues. When students achieve, we know theyre more prepared to be careerready. And. No longer or, its we need to prepare students for both. When we think about the next evel, the Key Attributes of a successful colleagiate experience, theres three things that stand out. Experiences. Purdue ered with university, governor Mitch Daniels was a catalyst, and randon busty and others at gallup to study the key experiences. College alumni and asked them what they did while at college. Difference ly no about whether a College Graduate thriving in ed or a ir life if they went to public or private college, but what matters is how they go to college. To havingt comes down an adult on the campus that cared about them, was a mentor, career path into a and so on. And key experiences in deep learning. Curriculum that builds one semester to the next. Onthejob and mentioneds most often when we ask them. You had a job before . Can you communicate more than characters. And, last, managing student loan debt. 1. 4 trillion. Student loan debt is the its greater than all the car loans combined, greater than all the revolving of credit debt. 1. 4 trillion. Millionmillion. Airport and the here was a sign about the powerball. If you said, i want to solve the debt crisis, the would cover ning the interest until about dinnertime tonight. We have to help students make informed decisions. If you have more than 25,000 in utstanding student loan debt, you are half as likely to pursue different decisions, like moving parents home, going back to graduate school, starting a new business, and so ming an entrepeneur and on. A lot of eres starting a family a lot of starting a family is even less likely if you have large amounts of student loan debt. The last thing i will share is this term about changing in the work force. Over the last generation, the er its the advent of 38 of our work force that is or millennial generation increasing technology advances, the work force has changed. Changes from a world where we care less about our paycheck purpose. Its changed from being involved with just our role to what is my grow unities to learn and and develop . When we study teacher turnover and why teachers leave the assume its eople because of pay and benefits, but eachers leaving the profession are less likely to say that. He most common answer they dont know a path forward. They dont see growth within the role or beyond that role to stay school. So we have to address that. Not just focusing on our weaknesses. Us enough of s that. We need to focus on our strength. 17 Million People have developed their talents and tarnsed for good. Weve transitioned from having a leader or a boss that tells us it do, to the desire to coach that coaches us work. In our the transition from separation of work and the rest worklife to integration. Will be some opening remarks to our conversation. I will hand off to my colleagues entertain any questions you have at conclusion. Thank you. Afternoon. In my brief remarks today im going to focus on two challenges. Focusing on u. S. Work force and one will be on the quality of labor and the other the quantity of labor. One l discuss the first first, quantity of labor, and in my view, i would definitely not challenge, but i it as a racterize headwind. The second is trends and rojections on the quality of labor and more ambiguous about i think there are some aspects to it. So let me turn first to the labor. Y of what this shows is my colleagues Research Center have done projections of the working age define as which we ages 2564. This is not the labor force. Very, very dicey to project Labor Force Participation rates. We leave that to the bureau of statistics. This provides the basics of the u. S. Labor force. You see here is a sand chart, but dont worry about the sand. Top line, the total working age population. Vertical line. Thats 2015. S you look to the left, thats the past 50 years of growth in he u. S. Working age population from 65 to 2015. History. Thats those are actual numbers. O the right, our 20year projection from 20152035. Hat you see Going Forward is the working 2035, age population will grow by million persons, 10 million, 25 to 64yearolds. Is very ey thing here simple. Look to the left. History and look how was. P that growth as opposed to that, look to the right in what we project. Much, much cting reduced growth Going Forward in the working age population. Numbers on it, the the last 50 e over years, the working age by about. 8 per year, a little less than 1 per year. That was the slowest decade of years. T 50 the next 20 years, we project hat the working age population will only grow about about. 3 per year, so 1 3 less. Can discuss this in the questionandanswer period. Im an economist. Economists, what they think is that the way the u. S. Standard two ways. Goes up is roductivity, what you get per worker, and how many workers you have in the labor force. Is a headwind. When the Current Administration it set as a goal 3 annual growth. Thats the number theyre shooting for, talking about. This is a headwind. Will be difficult to make 3 steady, continuing basis, year after year, when our population is only growing. 3 . Now i dont want to spend a lot time on the next slide, but immigration to 90s. S. In the 80s and but the growth in the working 60s, ulation in the 70s, 80s and 90s wasnt so eavily dependent on the immigrants coming in. We had the baby boom generation and a lot of married women that used to be in the labor force coming into the labor force. The last 50 over years, immigration has been important, but it wasnt critical. Going forward, that. 3 per that is highly contingent on sustained basically, one immigrants coming in per year. What this slide shows, if we reduce our levels of this is a , and hypothetical of zero mmigration, without any immigrants Going Forward in the next 20 years, working age decline. N will and so theres a lot of pros and immigration. One thing Going Forward. In terms of working age growth population, immigration will play a larger role. I want to briefly turn to a Different Research project that weve done and talk about the of the labor force and will advance e, i to the following slide. Hat we did is we looked at the skill requirements of u. S. Jobs. Nd just a little bit of background. The u. S. Department of labor in collection called own it, fashion look iled at the characteristics of well occupations. They survey workers and they rs that talk rate to the workers and in detailed 900 ion describe more than occupations. Hat we did is looking at characterizations of social kills, interpersonal communication, and management skills. Analytical called dozen job s about a criteria that captured critical computer usage. Physical skills, manual dexterity or if you had the job. Machines on every job is rated on the scale. Jobswe did is we looked at that have above average social skills. Average o above physical skills. Theres an overlap. Some jobs need both high social and analytical skills. , a ceo will have analytical s and skills. So will a pharmacist. Theyre not mutually exclusive. Hat we saw from 1980 on to 2015, is that total employment 50 , but s. Grew by jobs that required high or above almost social skills doubled. They were growing by 83 . Occupations that equired high analytical skills almost doubled, growing 77 . S opposed to that, jobs that required high physical skills only grew by 18 . Is, the mix saying of jobs is changing in the u. S. Towards jobs ing that require higher skills in our c y categorizaion and high social skills. So skill requirements are going up. Why is it not necessarily a bad thing . I will skip the slide that shows that jobs above average social analytical skills has higher wages. Changing, nt mix is but were creating higherwage jobs as a result. Its toward good jobs, jobs. Skilled the challenge here, as weve all wondering how well get our students and our benefiting ell as our employers, helping them to the skills they will need. Those skills at to do do not try occupational projections. Its very difficult. Department of labor, bureau of labor statistics does try. On their most ecent 10year projections of how employment will change from 2014 to 2024. Go for a detailed set of ccupations when they say how employment will grow. Taxomomy of which jobs skills and social analytical skills. To the bls, if their projections are correct, this trend will continue. And so the basic message here, i will end up here, we face two forward. S going unlike the previous 50 years standard of living partly was driven forward by a well as y boom, as immigration, as well as the participation of married women labor force, that stoked and Living Standards weve had over the last 50 years. Weree a headwind because not going to get the growth of the working age population that had previously. Thats a headwind and its going to make 3 growth in the very, very living difficult. And the skill mix is changing. Face the challenge of how ell help our workers and our employers find the highly skilled workers. Thank you. [applause] afternoon. So im perhaps the last thing standing between this group and happy hour. Is that right . Well have a couple of questions. All right. An enviable position to have. As governor hickenlooper alluded we live in a time of profound change. At microsoft, we find it helpful to reflect upon not simply the changes weve seen in he last 25 years, but the changes in the life of our company. Inrosoft was founded in 1975 albuquerque, new mexico, in the revolution wrought by the microprocessor. Allen l gates and paul had a very simple vision. And that was to put a p. C. On and in every home. A ee decades later, we see small phone in every hand and in every pocket. Later, even more profound changes. Changed. Ompany has were no longer the software albuquerque that moved to seattle. Were now a big, multinational, cloudcomputing company. We have thousands of employees, not just in seattle or silicon valley, but we have a campus in center n engineering outside salt lake city. Arizona, nevada, colorado, throughout the west, but were also part of what a lot of people are referring to as the First Industrial revolution. Driven evolution thats principally by cloud computing. Cloud computing, meaning the services over the nternet using massive data centers that can collect, store and process huge volumes of extremely quickly. Trend is changing everything, every industry, society. Gment of its bringing us autonomous vehicles, changing education, reating new opportunities to connect students and workers to courses. Ning its transforming medicine. Decade to took us a sequence the three billion base d. N. A. That make up the human genome. 10 years later in 2013, a single a week. Can do that in its even faster now. So all of the changes even agriculture. Precision ard of agriculture . We have a project outside washington, where you can put cheap sensors into the connect back to a Cloud Service like microsoft, and you moisture readings and take other readings about the composition of the soil and help more efficient, ncrease yield, make better use of irrigation. All of those opportunities require one thing, that is access to broadband. 34 all of those opportunities milln in rural ve to unities, lack access broadband. Which means that each day that million for 23 americans, theyre falling further and further behind, as is taking the world advantage of all of the new isortunities that technology providing. So we started and you can see this slide you dont actually have to go very far of some of the tech hubs of this country to find communities that are affected by problem. This shows county by county the who have of people access to broadband, but even you can find s, pockets. You go to eastern washington, from go iginally county, you can find communities affected by this problem. We started a new rural roadband initiative this summer. Crack attempt to take a solving the broadband gap with tv white space. It provides broadband using channels over the air. By so it literally works building a base station with a radio antenna. Solving the broad internet. To the signal can broadcast the out over an area with a 10mile homes or Small Businesses. You have a radio, which can signal, translate it to wifi. So if you are in your house, you connect to top and the internet, much the way most us would. The advantage that tv white to e has, its much cheaper build the infrastructure necessary to get broadband up nd running than traditional forms of providing broadband, which has been the classic this m as to why we have broadband gap. Expensive to vely grand. Ber in the it can cost 30,000 to 40,000 per mile to do so. Tv white space is cheaper because the signals it uses through rther and goo obstacles much better than lte. Less technologies like its not and will never be a for fiber or even lte. Its an addon. Achieve are u can good enough. Its not fiber speed, but its possible to achieve speeds that secs definition of broadband, which is 25 mega bits second down, 3 mega bits per second up, fast enough to stream or do anything that a Small Business or consumer would want to do. Has as rather ambitious goal, that is, to help the marketplace and solve the Rural Broadband gap in five years. Three components. Projects ching pilot in the 13 states you see up on the map. All of the projects, we will internet a local service provider, isp partner on the ground. An isp. T is not we have no desire to be an isp. Isp not entering the business. But well go in weve been working on this technology for 10 years. Pilots in over 20 places around the world connecting 200,000 people. How the Technology Works and well provide capital to build the infrastructure necessary to get a project off the ground. Buy down the business and technical risk for our partner. The pilot. Well typically do a revenuesharing agreement with them. We sign that to recoup our capital investment. Were out of the them to nd its up to run. And the idea is, we dump that money into another project and continue to build out the network of projects. Over the course of five years, our project alone can people in illion Rural America o there are a couple of other components to the project. Emphasize that to this earlier its not a silverbullet to solve problem. We think a mix of technologies to solve the s broadband gap. And we dont care how people get connected. To be want them connected. White its through tv wireless herless technologies, expanding fiber. We think its all great. Company. Cloudcomputing if you dont have access to our band, you cant be customer. Its in our business interest frankly, every businesss nterest with a presence on the internet to have more people connected to broadband. A technology ect, licensing program. Because our goal is to galvanize marketplace, we want own ies to start their project, own businesses. So we have 39 patents related to tv white space. Announced well provide access to them royaltyfree, charge, to any company. Tv white t to start a space program, well help and technology to do that. Digital literacy piece. Announced a project with well train teens in communities that are receiving new access to broadband, so they and train ound members of their community to skills them with digital to help them make better use of the Broadband Access theyre receiving. So theres a lot of work going with this initiative. There are proceedings at the fcc o make sure that there will be adequate spectrum available for the public to use, to use tv technology. Weve been asking state and to speak up and help with us that, and thank you for doing governors that. Were constantly looking for who nities and partners would be good candidates for new pilots. Ideas in your state, wed love to have those conversations. Starting to just explore the possibility of doing atching funds, whether theyre Grant Programs or Something Else from the public sector, to take the 2 Million People we plan to reach directly and help us to make us 4, 6 or 8. Thank you very much. Answer any appy to questions that the governors may have. [applause] we have time for a few questions. You all did great and thank you for talking time out of your schedules for being here and illuminate us. I get a moderator, chance to ask the first question nd then i will yield to the governors. Its royaltyfree, you are access to allowing the patents. A really is, i think, philanthropic effort to a large extent. People beingy more connected, but so do businesses and every overnor state benefit. Pilots. He youve been doing this for 10 taking tv notion of white space on available using it. S and i get that. It has not proven out yet at a level. Ial justify broader deployment. Thats what you are recommending. And then the second part is, and ats is the fcc is looking Net Neutrality. And how would this assuming back, if net ull neutrality is eliminated, as it appears it will be, what kind of an effect could this have . My dad is a trial lawyer and line, doing g well by doing good. That is how i think about this initiative. Governor, there is a philanthropic component to mentioned, s, as i to have st interest more people connected. On the dont know second question how Net Neutrality may affect us. About that, toht be perfectly frank. First question, we are ahead of schedule. Fcc to ms of getting the develop rules to allow tv white space to the marketplace. Issued rules lly to wing tv white space ago. Tion 9 years t took 13 or 14 years for cellular to be brought to market. Regulatoryeres been uncertainty. Congress passed a law in 2012 that there were concerned that rise of Cellular Technology that we would run out for those uses. So Congress Passed a law in 2012 required the sec to auction ff more spectrum to cellular providers. As result, forced them to take another look at all of their rules relating to spectrum, to tv white spaces. Of es a Network Championship manufacturers and others that make the components white spaces work. Theyre ready to go. Theyre ready to produce at scale. They need to know. Hey need regulatory certainty, so they know there will, in act, be a market for their product, if they do so. We know the Technology Works. Trying to prove with our pilots. With some ve to work of you governors to make this happen. Great. Wed love to do that. Ive had some discussions around the Net Neutrality and i think a positive effect. I think it would expand net into different regions and provided a kind of balance. Governor walker, you had a question . I did. I had a question for the last presenter. Hank you for the map of what band e doing on the air projects. I noticed that alaska wasnt on the map. So i will look forward to seeing out at some point, but find were so the problem we the is, the rural areas are least populated. O the focus of attention is always on the bigger populated areas. A governor am looking for ways we can connect some of our areas. We had standardized testing download em longer to the tests, because it was band ed to as a rubber rather than the broadband. So we need to work with Companies Like yourself to find do as a state to help level the playing field. That donthink those have equal access to broadband question, suffer. So im anxious i appreciated presentation very much. Im anxious to work with you to is happening on rural level. Governor, you will be surprised to find that weve before. Hat question why isnt my state on the map . It doesnt mean that your state wont be on the map rolling forward. Pilots nd to roll out and the next five years your state would be a good pilot. Te for a the area you are december rubing project, for example in southern virginia. Project we call the home work gap. To provide d broadband to schoolkids that otherwise have it. And theyre trying to take courses nce jobs require a computer cience degree but were only producing 45,000 graduates. Access to those courses without broadband. Have a e to continue to conservation with you. To you about alk be a mmunities that would good fit. Most of the communities that we chose in the first round we chose our home state, ashington, obvious tie, but they wanted to be in states where they could find a partner that is a good fit. On who u have ideas wed be a good partner, love to have conversations, too, bout whether theres a role that public funding will help us o this work and expand it more quickly. Did i see a hand . Youre selected. If youre the last question, i to be sure. I was going to say, again, theres been 10 governors that sent a letter to the ftc hickenlooper is one of them that signed it as well, supporting this. Nd i would just say, i would say thanks to microsoft for in the initiative. Its taken spectrum thats available and repurposing it in and it has a great role for precision agriculture. Lot of money bringing broadband broadband. It goes everywhere. Broadband. It will reach a tractor. Reach somebody on a horse with a cell phone and that choolkid that may have gotten broadband at the school but when back home e bus doesnt reach him. We have to have it to everybody all the time, 24 hours a day, to able to take advantage of it. And for industry i know a lot in eople are interested energy. Ell have Remote Monitoring on pipelines, transition lines. Connected. Se its an internet of things and not just internet of people. Initiative and were happy to be supporting it and looking forward to working with you on the rollout. I hope youre happy now. [laughter] thank you, governor. Thank you for your leadership. I will be quick. Thank you. Its a fascinating subject and thank you, all, for being here. We, as governors, try to predict the future and anticipate the past and what will happen in the future, so we get good policy in us. E is important to and i do fall down on the side yankee great new york halloffamer yogi berra, i hate make predictions, particularly about the future. [laughter] richard. On is for you, i have Great Respect for the pew center. Ou do great work for all of us and we appreciate your good work. It seems to me you were talking headwind and talking about the fact that we are of a 3 have a goal growth. I dont think that has to do with any administration. On been the growth trend average and all administrations would like to retain that. Headwind, as i understand t, is because our working age population of american born to American Parents is going to drop. And that gap is being filled by immigration in all of its forms equal to the their rs, workers, times productivity per employer, equals gdp. Why could we not still increase our gdp by increasing the employee, the the worker, even if the numbers are stagnant. The look at history for past 100 years, i think our gdp has grown dramatically because advancements in science and technology and increased production for labor. Could see third world countries where theyve had population, but their production thats why third world. Its in proportion to the in america we made and other Free Democratic countries. Elp me understand im missing something, im sure here, as to why we cannot have gdp growth in spite of we immigration issue, as increase with science, technology, increasing skills production per worker . Richard and tim, why dont and ive it 1 1 2 minutes then well let people go find a beer. Thank you for the kind words work of the pew center. H we certainly do, indeed, aspire living our standard of through greater productivity. Weve had periods where growth. D productivity particularly with the rollout of the internet and broadband from a 5 to 2004, there was productivity spurt. A least economists, they talk lot about productivity growth, but we dont understand it very well. Least since 2005, measured growth has been more abundant. Thats not to say that, indeed, get to a higher. Tandard of living and i agree say it wont happen. Current productivity trends have stagnant and so thats why its taken on greater importance. As a result of the baby boomers and declining fertility, be third oing to thatation americans higher ill grow the ranks and so immigration is playing a more important role. Incredible there is Untapped Potential in our American Work force right now. I started atbefore gallup, we wrote a book called rules. Reak all the we introduced the importance of engagement and weve surveyed. Percent 30 are engaged. Half are not. Transactionally related. Nd 1 6 of our work force is disengaged, frustrated about their workplace and not afraid to say so. Have incredible Untapped Potential. That are employees less engaged would be a good strategy. Maybe its recognition. Opinion that counts or a manager that sets you up for success. Basic ould address the human needs and tap into the potential of the 2 3 of there with at are their head and hands but not their emotions. So i think thats a strategy is in front of us. Great. Thank you very much. To recognize gallup for the work. Chance to read a war its a short book, but very good. Yan, thank you for brunging this to the table. Your work and microsoft continue us. Elp the skillful effort that you and pushing, have been wonderful progress. Richard, thank you. Depend on factual, Accurate Information and pew does that better than anybody. Three of you, thank you very much. [applause] todays concludes panels. We look forward to seeing you gold 7 00 in biltmores room that will feature an ratsenberger. N see you tonight. Thanks for being here. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] coming up, a discussion about oppression. Ollowed by a city tour and our visit to tacoma, washington. With en an interview katharine graham, featured in post. T 7 00, q a with author john farrell about his biography, nixon the life. Back at cspan looks events from 2017 featuring celebrities talking about issues they care about. Ashton kutcher talked about why hes involved in slavery. End modern heres a portion of tonights coverage. The m here today to defend right to pursue happiness. A simple notion. The right to pursue happiness. Upon all of us by constitution. I believe that it is encouple bent upon us as citizens of this nation, as americans, to bestow upon others, upon each other and upon the rest of the world, but the right to happiness for so many is raped, its , its abused, its taken by force, coercion. Its sold for the momentary another. S of this is about the time when i Start Talking about politics internet trolls tell me to stick to my day job. So i would like to talk about my day job. My day job is as the chairman cofounder of thorn. Fight humantware to rafficking and the Sexual Exploitation of children. The other day job is father of 2yearold. Hold and and its part of that job that i take very seriously. Effort to ts my defend their right to pursue happiness and ensure a Society Government that defends it as well. ve met victims in russia, india, trafficked from mexico, victims in new york, new jersey, and across our country. ve been on f. B. I. Raids where ive seen things that no person should ever see. Of tonights look on celebrities on capitol hill issues they care about. You will also see Actress Jennifer Garner talking about to improve early education. Olympian Michael Phelps on doping in sports. Tonight at 8 00 eastern