Transcripts For CSPAN U.S. Response To Rohingya Refugees 20171005

That highlights very much, i think, the scope and severity of the violence against the rohingya. Mr. Royce so if thats prepared, lets play that right now. Video playing] mr. Royce while were waiting for that, i see ms. Muhammad ali in the audience and i wanted to thank her for her focus on this issue. [applause] appreciate her presence with us here today. Thank you. [video playing] mr. Royce so, one of the reasons that i thought we would show the video from radio free asia is to make a point. Theres very Little Information outside of these types of coverage that are coming into the outside world. And more importantly, the burmese people themselves. In myanmar there is no coverage of this information. So people do not actually know what is happening. The generals that run the country have a different narrative. And so theres very little recognition of the reality. In order to get to that reality , it is very important that we get reporters in on the ground, that we. Net u. S. Usaid in that we get usaid into myanmar. That we get the United Nations back in some way into myanmar in order to cover. Because as long as that presence is there, its a check to these types of atrocities. Now, there are few more pressing demands with respect to our attention to this media to this immediate moment where we can do something to halt mass killings than the situation right now in with respect to the plight of the rohingya. As is often pointed out, for generation after generation now, theyve been one of the most persecuted people in the world. And last week, for example, we heard testimony from two witnesses who had just returned from refugee camps in bangladesh. And they told horrific stories from a ve them hear young mother torn from her burning home, separated from her husband and three daughters, finding out later, seeing that the husband had been brutally killed. You know, her story is just one of countless stories that we are now hearing about Rohingya Refugees that are torn from their homes, that are forced to flee under these horrible conditions. For decades now the burmese government has systemically suppressed these people. Called the rohingya people. A 1982 citizenship law denies rohingya burmese citizenship, even though most have lived in that country for generation after generation. Theyve been denied freedom of movement. They do not have access there to education. Or to health care. Theyve been marginalized by burmese l that the government can marginalize them. From top to bottom. Someone who was a minister, i talked with him, hed had his citizenship stripped and could no longer run for office because he was deemed to be of rohingya blood. This is the reality that these people face in terms of not being able to even speak up for themselves. Recently weve seen the horrors f this decadesold persecution and there is a fringe group, a fringe militant group that has carried out attacks there and thus sparked a new round, on top of the old pogroms we saw over the last few years directed against the rohingya. So now you have an estimated 07,000 rohingya that have been drisk 507,000 rohingya that have been drisken from their homes. Most of them have been forced to cross over the border in bangladesh. Hundreds have been killed. But as i say, we dont have journalists able to cover the story. Theyre denied access to the area. So im sure its more than than the reported number. Much higher. 200 villages have been burned to the ground. Land mines have been placed inside burmas border with bangladesh so that is maiming some seeking safe haven. Its Little Wonder that the u. N. s human rights chief called this a textbook example of ethnic cleansing. Bangladesh deserves credit, and i talked again with the bangladesh ambassador the other day, they deserve credit for opening their borders to this influx of refugees. The government, i know, will honor its promise in bangladesh to build shelters for new arrivals and provide medical services. In response to this crisis, the Trump Administration announced that it would provide 32 million in humanitarian assistance and 20ds million of that is going to 20 million of that is going to bangladesh right now to and the remaineder is going, is supposed to go into Rakhine State in burma. And thats most welcomed. The state counselor, Aung San Suu Kyi, shes a nobel prize winner, but she must make it a top priority to provide for the safety of those in burma, including the rohingya. This is a dialogue i have had with her for a number of years, on this subject. And the International Community is pressing her as well. We know the military governments calling the shots. But we expect everybody who has access to a microphone inside myanmar to tell people the reality of whats going on in the country. And that includes her. We know theyre not hearing it from their media. But they have to hear it from other sources. And thats why i appreciate radio free asia broadcasting this information in. Her recent statement questioning why the rohingya were fleeing and denying that the military had conducted Clearance Operations that is factually false. Thats exactly what the military is doing there. As i made clear when i wrote her a month ago, her government and the military have a responsibility to protect all of the people of burma, regardless of their ethnic background or religious beliefs. Those responsible for these atrocities must face justice. She and the military generals must rise to this challenge. This is ethnic cleansing. The protection of human rights has been our nations top priority in burma. Including freeing Aung San Suu Kyi. And today that must include also the Muslim Rohingya people. This is a moral issue and it is a National Security issue. No one is more secure when extremism and instability is growing in this part of the world. And and i look forward to hearing from the administration on how its using the tools we have to end this crisis. And i now turn to our Ranking Member for his statement. Mr. Engel. Mr. Engel thank you very much, mr. Chairman. And as always, thank you for calling this hearing and let me thank all witnesses. And welcome you all to the Foreign Affairs committee. Youre very welcome. The Rohingya Crisis is raging more than 8,000 miles from washington. At that distance, events like this can seem remote. So during my statement i ask that we display some images that show the reality facing the people of burma right now. As a reminder of the human tragedy unfolding as we sit here today. These images are the result of the unprecedented level of violence in burmas Rakhine State over the past six weeks. Violence that police and Security Forces have inflicted on civilians, interethnic and interreligious violence between buddhists, rakhine and Muslim Rohingya. Because of this bloody conflict, more than half a million rohingya, 60 of whom are children, have fled as refugees across the border into bangladesh. More than 400,000 people left in the first 30 days. The swiftest exod us of any population since the 1994 rwanda genocide and serbias 1999 ethnic cleansing in kosovo. Now nearly 3 4 of those who have fled dont have adequate shelter and half have no safe drinking water. Its a heartbreaking humanitarian disaster and its getting worse. The Burmese Military has claimed that this brutal crackdown is the response to a clash that took place on august 25, in which border Security Forces faced off against rohingya suttons reportedly using naives, small arms and small explosives. But this isnt just some skirmish thats gotten out of hand. It isnt a legitimate counteru. S. Is or counterterrorism operation. The Burmese Military and border Security Forces have specifically targeted rohingya using medieval tactics. Slash and burn, rape, indiscriminant killing. 21 square kilometers of villages systemically burned to the ground. The u. N. s top human rights officials have called this a textbookcase of ethnic cleansing. This flairup is not an isolated event. But the latest chapter in long history of discrimination against the rohingya. A hittist a history in which they have been denied citizenship, the ability to work, freedom of movement, a few key burmese leaders have figured prominently into recent events. As i see it, only person in burma who can end this violence and aflour a full accounting what have occurred is the commander in chief of the Burmese Military. Unfortunately the intention of the military are clear. To remove rohingya people from burma. Some of those watching this horror have laid part of the blame at the feet of Aung San Suu Kyi, the moral and civilian leader of burma. Theres speculation that shes not getting Accurate Information or is severely constrained politically. Some assert that shes unsympathetic to the events in rakhine but i personally have a hard time believing that a nobel laureate, a champion of democracy, and a person of her moral fortitude, shes come here, weve metropolitan with her, would turn a blind eye to the immense human suffering taking place in her country. I think american policy towards burma has complicated the situation. The Burmese Military drafted the constitution, which allows the military to operate with impunity, maintain veto power in the parliament, and legally retake control over the government. And yet when the United States lifted economic sanctions against burma, we also lifted sanctions against the military and the businesses that fund them. So while Aung San Suu Kyi has little leverage to rein in military forces that run amok, its now legal for American Companies to do business with Burmese Militaryowned companies. It seems to me at a time that the Burmese Military is waging this sort of violence against innocent people, we should reconsider our policy on targeted sanctions. And in the meantime, we need to confront a serious humanitarian crisis thats going to persist for years to come. The United States has allocated 38 million to assist with the crisis. That number seems grossly inadequate considering the scale of the humanitarian nightmare now facing the government of bangladesh. And this in addition this is in addition to the rohingya still trapped inside burma. Bangladesh, a country with an average income of around 1,300, is currently supporting nearly a million refugees. This is a country that already has close to the highest population density in the world. I want to recognize bangladeshs ambassador who is here today. Your government has shown tremendous generosity in welcoming these refugees. Thank you. [applause] and while your country opens its doors, i consider it an embarrassment that the United States is closing ours. The Trump Administration has lowered our yearly cap on refugees from all over the world to 45,000 per year. The smallest number ever. As this crisis grows worse, as it grew worse, bangladesh took in that many people every four days. This policy harms American Leadership on the global stage, it undermines our ability to speak credibly about refugees, human rights, or living up to basic International Humanitarian principles. It diminishes our standing in the part of the world where china is only too happy to fill the void. So i do want to hear what our approach is. How the administration plans to deal with the crisis facing not just the rohingya but the other ethnic groups under assault by the burmese army. How this violence subverts the Peace Process and undermines the democratically elected government. So i look forward to your testimony. I thank you again, mr. Chairman, and i yield back. Mr. Royce thank you. So we are joined by a distinguished panel here. We have mr. Patrick murphy, serves as the Deputy Assistant secretary for southeast asia. At the department of state. And previously mr. Murphy served as special representative for burma. Among other senior positions. We have the ambassador with us. Hes the Deputy Assistant secretary in the bureau of population refugees and migration. At the state department. Previously he served in multiple senior positions, including serving as the deputy chief of mission in brussels and as u. S. Ambassador to zambia. We have ms. Kate. She served as the acting Deputy Assistant administrator bureau for democracy conflict and humanitarian assistance at usaid. She has served in a variety of senior positions at usaid where shes focused on rule of law, and on human rights issues. So without objection, the witnesses full prepared statements are going to be made part of the record. Members will have five calendar days to submit any statements or any questions they have for the witnesses or any extraneous material for the record. If you would, mr. Murphy, i would ask you to summarize your remarks. Mr. Murphy chairman royce, Ranking Member engel, distinguished members of the committee. I greatly appreciate the invitation to testify on the devastating human tragedy in burmas Rakhine State and the suffering of Ethnic Rohingya and other populations. I first want to thank this committee for its leadership on burma. And congress in general for the bipartisan collaboration with successive administrations over many decades. Working on burma. Over the past six weeks militant attacks on Security Forces and on local residents, a disproportionate military response, vigilanty violence, and the lack of civilian protection have aggravated long standing challenges in Rakhine State. The Current Crisis has led to the desperate flight of over half a million refugees and displaced others internally. This massive and virtually unprecedented Population Movement has worsened the humanitarian situation in bangladesh, where many Rohingya Refugees already shelter. This administration is undertaking all efforts to end the suffering immediately. We have made clear to burmese civilian and military officials they must take urgent actions and steps to stop the violence, respect the rule of law, pave a path for safe return, and hold accountable those responsible for abuses. In spite of assurances that Security Operations have ended, there are continuing reports of violence, including civilians participating in arson attacks and blocking humanitarian assistance. Those who have fled must be able to return to their homes voluntarily. State counselor Aung San Suu Kyi has stated that burma will allow their return and we are encouraging closer communication between burma and bangladesh. The two sides met this week and formed a joint committee to address repatriation. Most urgently we must ensure that humanitarian aid reaches people in need. My colleagues will speak to this, but on the diplomatic front we are working to overcome security challenges and local resistance in Rakhine State that have precluded many u. N. Agencies and n. G. O. s interest reaching affected areas from reaching affected areas. Were also pressing for unfettered media access to we can all learn in greater detail what is happening. President trump has discussed the situation with leaders from southeast asia. Secretary of state tillerson called Aung San Suu Kyi to urge action. Vice president pence denounced the militarys disproportionate response. U. S. Ambassador haley called the Security Council for an international role. This crisis has implications far beyond Rakhine State. Burmas democracy is at a turning point and a heavyhanded response invites International Terrorists and challenges for other neighborhoods. Other neighbors. Asean thus engaging with to address humanitarian needs and actions to stop the violence. I was in burma two weeks ago. Our ambassador and i met with top government and military officials, including Aung San Suu Kyi. Authorities committed to protect civilians, pu sue accountability and cooperate with the International Community. The situation on the ground, nonetheless, remains grim. We must pursue all efforts to see full implementation of these commitments. I also visited Rakhine State. I met with members of the displaced rohingya community. They condemn the violence a Violent Attacks on Security Forces. I called on local officials and political figures in Rakhine State as leaders of Ethnic Rakhine communities to end violence facile violence, facilitate assistance and respect the rule of law. Under think government elected by the people of burma for the first time in half a century, there are inherited longterm challenges of discrimination and neglect. One such was the establishment of the commission to address these challenges. The government committed to implementing those recommendations. The u. S. Government is forming an overarching policy Response Development ther and democratic processes so needed in burma. We went do this alone. Were consulting with the region, the United Nations, the Human Rights Council and courageous voices inside burma to ensure Human Dignity for all. The Current Crisis has exposed the what we worked hard to i a chief. No single actor can resolve this crisis. The national and local government, Security Forces, Community Leaders and indeed all peoples of burma have responsibilities. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, were strongly engaged to bring an end to this suffering and to find Lasting Solutions in Rakhine State. We thank you for the opportunity to describe what we are doing to address this crisis. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Thank you. Ambassador . Chairman royce, Ranking Member engel, distinguished members of the committee, thank you for inviting us to this important hearing on the u. S. Response to the violence against rohingyas in burma. Im grateful for the opportunity to update you on how the u. S. Government is targeting lifesaving aid and on the challenges ahead. The violence in Rakhine State continues to devastate vulnerable population within burma and cause families, mostly women and children, to flee their homes for their lives. In terms of magnitude and speed, this is one of the most dramatic humanitarian emergencies to occur in decades. Ill briefly comment on the current humanitarian situation facing those affected by the crisis, discuss the challenges the International Community faces in delivering humanitarian assistance and comment on what the state department is doing to address the situation. The continuing violence resulted in 200,000 internally displaced and prompted more than half a Million People to flee to bangladesh, bringing the total number of rohingya in bangladesh to over one Million People. The number one humanitarian priority, as the chairman and Ranking Member both have noted, is access in burma. Gaining access to those in need n the Rakhine State. Burmas government committed to providing access to affected areas through the Red Cross Movement. The movement stated that we must be able to meet humanitarian needs and that nongovernmental organizations will require space in Rakhine State. We take every opportunity to emphasize to burmese officials at all levels of government the need to allow hue marnetarian to those in need. This week, p. R. H. Acting secretary met with burmese officials at the unhcr executive Committee Meetings in geneva to express our profound concern. In all our contacts with burmese officials we continue to press the government and the mill tear both, publicly and privately, to end the violence, to protect the security of all communities, and to allow Rohingya Refugees to voluntarily return to their homes after burmese authorities ensure they can do so safely. We are greatly appreciative of the government of bangladesh for opening its borders to those fleeing violence, many of whom arrive after walking for days in need of food, water and medical care. The monsoon season has exacerbated the situation as flooding and poor infrastructure made aid delivery more challenging. At every meeting we thank them for allowing refugees to cross into their country in large numbers and encourage them to uphold humanitarian principles while addressing their own security concerns. I met for the Bangladesh Security dialogue which discussed the violence in Rakhine State. Our ambassador visited the refugee encampment and has been in Constant Contact with bangladeshi authorities on humanitarian issues. In addition to our diplomatic engagement, we have been providing assistance to the u. N. And other humanitarian partners to help those affected by the Rakhine State violence. 434 million ated is needed. In f. Y. 2017, thanks to support of the congress, the United States contributed nearly 104 million in assistance to displaced populations in burma and for refugees from burma throughout the region. Of this funding, the contribution was more than 76 million. This included 32 million in assistance to which you referred which we announced in september that allowed our partners are to the respond immediately as thousands were arriving daily in the already established a new settlement in bangladesh. Our cricks provide lifesaving assistance such as food, water, shelter, sanitation, health, and relief items and support to victims of genderbased violence. We urge other donors to to more as well. Id like to conclude by highlighting that in responding to this crisis, the state departments primary concern are protection and achieving meaningful, Durable Solutions for those who have been displaced, including the chance to go home in safety and dignity when conditioned permit. The u. S. Governments humanitarian assistance povidse an important lifeline until that possibility becomes a reality. In concluding, thank you to the congress for all you have done and thank you for the way you authorize funds so we are able to react quickly to these urgent requirements. Thank you. Mr. Royce thank you. Kate savan. Thank you for inviting me to speak today and for your engagement on this issue. The recentest ka lailings in violence in northern burma has resulted in massive displacement and increased humanitarian needs in burma and bangladesh. Burma has come a long way in its transition to a free and Democratic Society but these events imper pearl the lives of thousands and cast a cloud over burmas gains and threat ton undermine progress. Over 500,000 people, mostly rohingya, fled the recent violence in rakhine. Thats nearly the entire population of washington, d. C. Leaving the city in just over a months time. In addition, there are tens of thousands of people who have been internally displaced and are in need of assistance within Rakhine State. Usaid is providing humanitarian assistance in burma, helping Host Communities cope with the influx of refugees, and addressing tensions in ethnically mentioned areas of rakhine and burma, including those not directly affected by the weekend violence. Burma is, for me, as it is for many, a special place and has influenced my path in International Human rights and development. In my testimony i will touch on usaids response to the Current Crisis and highlight some of the challenges of providing assistance and bringing lasting resolution to this conflict. In burma, our main humanitarian challenge is not a lack of resources, but a lack of access. Since the august 25 attacks, many of usaids partners were forced to suspend their work using military Security Operations in Rakhine State. Insecurity, government restrictions and local communities enemyity toward u. N. , international n. G. O. s and local staff have prevented full humanitarian access including along the border. False and misleading rumors about rohingya, spread and fanned by official government information, have contributed to this volatility. We continue to call upon all parties to allow unfettered humanitarian act stose people in need and we urge the government to allow media and human rights monitors to access afflicted areas. Reports of atrocities against civilians are troubling and demn strait the need for and demonstrate the need for help which is needed. Together with our colleagues at state and the International Community Mission Burma has reiterated our concerns and called on them to end the violence and ensure that people have dignified, safe, and voluntary return to their homes. Additionally, usaid continues to support Civil Society within Rakhine State and across burma to prevent the escalation of violent conflict and to counter hate speech and rumor this espeed and volume of people fleeing burma to bangladesh is staggering. We have seen over 500,000 fleeing in just over a month a truly uns pretented rate, even faster on this those leing mosul, iraq or south sudan over the last year. I dont use the term unprecedented lightly but it is fitting in this scenario. Kevin the enormity of this influgs, stark challenges remain. The people fleing to bangladesh arrive with just what they can carry. They are in immediate need of safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, emergency food assistance, shelter, health care, nutrition and Protection Services. In poor conditions in these displacement sites increase the risk of disease an outbreak. Usaids office for peace contributed 7 million to World Food Program to provide lifesaving food assistance. In addition, usaid supporting essential coordination efforts needed to manage the mass i influx and the immediate scaleup for our partners. We applaud the government of bangladeshs generosity in responding to the crisis and recognize the communities are stretching their own scarce resources to take in their neighbors. Were committed to supporting hem as well. In conclusion, the latest violence in Rakhine State exacerbated human rights and humanitarian crisis impacting the lives of thousands. We must be honest and forth right in our assessment of the situation and clear on what we expect as humanitarians. And as americans. We shall remain resolute in our efforts and meet the needs of rohingya and affected communities in burma and bangladesh and call on all stake holders to end the violence and seek a lasting resolution to the conflict. Mr. Royce this was always going to be a difficult transition for burma to a more Democratic State from if the military control, especially given the trip wires of all the different ethnic groups inside burma. But the most injurious decision, i think, that has been made by the military has been to restrict access of the United Nations to these areas like Rakhine State. Because what that does is that when you have a situation like rohingya of the salvation army, this fringe group, they launch an attack, you had 10 Police Officers killed in that attack and many of the attackers killed as well. That then gives the excuse for the local militia that is focused, thats trained and focused on along ethnic lines, to unleash their violence and in this case with the full support apparently of the military. In myanmar. So you end up with a circumstance here without eyes or ears on the ground where theres no check to it. And had these arrangements Orange Family originally allowed in times of stress like this the positioning, the continued positioning of u. N. Personnel and red cross and n. G. O. s up in Rakhine State, at least you would have observers on the ground that would have tampered, i mean the information would have got out a lot sooner and thered be direct evidence of it and it would filter across burma. All of that is being locked out. D so mr. Murphy, you mention that you went up there and you had these conversations. But when you say to the military government, right now, can we bring the United Nations in here, can we bring the red cross in here, and start addressing these issues in these specific villages, whats the response . I understand they, you know, the response is everybody is going to be allowed to come become to their vill ams where is the evidence that any of that is true . Where is the evidence that weve cleared the way with our interlocutory, with those we have discussed this with, that are going to allow them to have access for u. N. And n. G. O. s . Has it happened yet anywhere in rakhine . Mr. Murphy i would agree that its a significant mistech on the part of burmese stake holders to prohibit the u. N. Agencies to have access to northern Rakhine State. Worse, i would point out, that early in this crisis military figures suggested somehow that u. N. Agencies were aiding and abetting militant attackers. That was false. We called them out on that. Thats since been created. But it created damage and increased tensions locally. We have told them they cant do this alone. They need the help of agencies to scale up the kind of assistance thats needed. The u. N. Agencies have experience in this part of the country, are on the ground and poised to operate. Aung san suu kyi did agree publicly to call for International Help and assistance, we are urging they take advantage of that. Mr. Royce so to clarify, though you had these discussions, the reality is that unless you personally lead these n. G. O. s back in there and the u. N. Back in there, i mean, theyre twg theyre willing to tell us that yes, this is what theyre going to do, but those are just words. You actually cannot get up there into Rakhine State to see these villages, we cant get n. G. O. s up there, right . Clarify this point . Mr. Murphy there has been some small signs of progress in recent days. The myanmar authorities are working with the red cross family of organizations and just this week red cross agencies have gained access to northern Rakhine State. There is some humanitarian assistance being delivered. Its not adequate. We are encouraging this to be scaled up with the kind of partners World Food Program, the u. N. Family of agencies, that have the experience to meet all of the needs. It is a very difficult environment right now for a variety of reasons for these International Organizations. I saw that firsthand while i was in the capital of Rakhine State there was a red cross shipment of supplies. Locals heard about this and came out and began attacking the red cross shipment. Local authorities, security authorities put down the attack but this is the environment. There are local populations who feel, perceive, all of the assistance is going to the rohingya and their own needs are not being met. Thats inaccurate. Thats the result of a lot of misinformation and a complicated, longstanding history of discrimination for all ethnic populations in the state. Therefore we need to work with many stake holders, not just the Central Government authorities and the Security Forces, but local leaders. Thats who i met with when i was in rakhine. Its in their own interest to help facilitate the access of humanitarian assistance. Mr. Royce my time is going to run out. Ive met with kofi annan in the past, we all understand his Advisory Commission on Rakhine State he chaired the recommendation he is made. But the ones that would seem particularly essential at this moment, besides the humanitarian assistance, obviously, being able to get to the people we want it directed at, is to ensure that the violators of human rights be held accountable. I think there has to be some understanding that there will be an attempt to trace down those who have committed these human rights atrocities. To strengthen bilateral ties between myanmar and bangladesh, very important at this moment. To train Security Forces, deployed in Rakhine State. I think this is an added point were going to have to address so that in the future theres some kind of effort in this training, to ensure those verified as citizens enjoy the benefits, rights, and freedoms associated with citizenship there. Thats going to require us making that a component of this solution. To investigate and map existing movements and the governmental shall roll out comprehensive birth registration, you know, an Ongoing Campaign to make sure that girls and boys are registered at birth so that theyre recognized that they have full Citizenship Rights an the government should roll out a comprehensive strategy to close all i. B. B. Camps in rakhine. That, i would say, is essential. Im going to go to mr. Engel for his question. We have a 15minute vote and subcommittee chairman who is voting right now and will take the chair while i vote. O mr. Engel. Mr. Engel i ask unanimous consent to enter into the record two documents, one prepared by Amnesty International detailing this crisis. The second is a bipartisan report on this crisis sent on september 28 to secretary tillerson and usaid administrateor green from senators mccain, cardin and 20 of our colleagues in the senate. I ask unanimous consent to have those two. Mr. Royce without objection. Mr. Engel mr. Murphy, let me start with you. Theres ample evidence from satellite ima imagery and eyewitness accounts that Burmese Military and Security Forces have been carrying out an interningsal, systematic policy to drive rohingya from their homes in burma and burn their villages to the ground. Medical workers in bangladesh report hundreds of men, women, and children being treated for gunshot wounds because the Burmese Military and Security Forces have opened fire on them as they flee. Senior United Nations officials have called this a textbook case of ethic ethnic cleansing thitch command for the chief of the Burmese Military said theres no oppression or intimidation against the Muslim Minority and everything he says is within the framework of the law. He also said that ben ghali program was a listeningstand the benghali program was a longstanding one. Are the Burmese Military and Security Forces responsible for violence and intimidation of the rohingya in burma and do these constitute ethnic cleansing in your opinion . Mr. Murphy thank you, Ranking Member engel. The horrific actions that have taken place in northern Rakhine State are beyond troubling. S that tragedy of epic proportions. And the Security Forces there in northern Rakhine State bear considerable responsibility for what we have called a disproportionate response. I think its important to note that there are other contributors to violence in this area. There are the militant attacks that took place on the on august 25 by individuals who claim responsibility for attacks that took place the year prior. Theres also local vigilante action on the part of citizens. And others. And these militants, according to very credible reports are exacting violence on some of the their own population. This is a cauldron of complexities. What has taken place is absolutely horrific. My secretary of state said that its been characterized by many as ethnic cleansing. Ambassador haley in new york said what has taken place appears to be a sustained campaign to cleanse the couldnt roif an ethnic minority. There are unknowns. There are populations that obviously have moved in great numbers. There are other populations that havent moved. Thats why we are asking for full access of media, humanitarian organizations, all steps to stop the violence. Let me also point out to mr. Engel to another action. The United States earlier this year helped form a u. N. Fact finding mission. We are asking authorities in burma to support and cooperate with that mission so that there can be full disclosure of whats transpyred, not just in Rakhine State but i hasten to point out theres conflict elsewhere in burma, longstanding conflict, currently ongoing in the northeast, but burma is a country thats been at war with itself since the 1940s. Since independence. And the current government is these sorts of conflicts and refugees. Weve talked about displacement in Rakhine State. Potentially hundreds of thousands. There are hundreds of thousands of displaced individuals elsewhere in the country as well. You mentioned the commander of the armed forces, he has tremendous responsibility to stop the violence, to act in a proper manner with the security threats they believe they face. Hes not the only stake holder. We need actions from the government, from local rakhine officials, and burmese citizens as well. Mr. Engel you agree this is ethnic cleansing . Mr. Murphy mr. Engel im pointing to our members of cabinet who have pointed to voices and evidence that would suggest that there may be ethnic clensing. I would say whats more ver main, more important is the actual humanitarian crisis. Thats our most pressing focus. There are mechanisms, there are bodies who are looking at what best to call this but it is the end at the end they have day a human tragedy. We want to do everything to stop it. Mr. Royce will the gentleman yield . Mr. Engel certainly. Mr. Royce just for the record, myself and mr. Engel, this committee, we identify this as fullfledged ethnic cleansing. Mr. Engel thank you, mr. Chairman. What are we doing right now to hold the military accountable . Do you think that reimposition of targeting sanctions against military leadership or businesses to generate funds for the military is appropriate . Let me say as a first step i would encourage the administration to stop issuing waivers to allow members of the Burmese Military and their families to come to the United States, at least until such time as violence stops and humanitarian access is restored. Mr. Murphy congressman, thank you. We are exploring all options available to us to affect change inside this country. With a focus on the armed forces. I think its important to point out that we have in place already a substantial range of restrictions on the military. Our engagement is virtually nonexistent. Theres no training. Assistance is prohibited. That reflects the fact that the transition to democracy is not complete. Democracy has not been fully consolidated. Weve talked about the expanse i authorities that the Security Forces have over their own armed forces, ministries, one of the vice presidencies in the country. They are outside civilian control. Particularly in this part of the country. We want to bring about accountability. There are ample evidence and reports of abuses and allegations. We will explore further tools. The jade act which congress put into place in 2008 remains very active. There are visa restrictions on all senior military leaders and that are family members. The waivers you refer to, mr. Engel, are very sparingly and very rarely applied. Only in the cases where its in the u. S. Interest. We are examining that very closely. Not considering any expansion. For the time being the jade act holds and those restrictions remain in place. Mr. Royce i think one of the issues is going to be, can we get the United Nations back more engaged again in burma and can the u. N. Then be the conduit to get the red cross and to get n. G. O. Groups back into Rakhine State. Whats the prospect of the United Nations, that our ambassador, could work with the Security Council, lay the foundation for a more robust presence, the very criteria that just laid out that kofi annan helped develop in consultation while in burma, hes been invited in to work with the council on aungaung on this issue. There is the possibility of the u. N. Being the mediator or helping even in this role of setting up the dialogues between different ethnic groups up in Rakhine State. If the International Body can come in. Would that give us considerable leverage to get to some of these . Some of these objectives . Mr. Murphy mr. Chairman, you rightly point out the critically Important Role of the United Nations. Thats important in a variety to have avenues of effort. The humanitarian assistance that you refer to, also the actions that potentially the Security Council could take, and let me point out the u. N. Bodies that deal with human rights like the Human Rights Council. I also want to offer that our ambassador in burma, ambassador scott murciel and his team, have been relentless on this and many other efforts to address this crisis. They are working with the government to encourage an increased role for the United Nations. In fact, there is currently a u. N. Presence in burma on the ground. In Rakhine State itself. They are poised to activate their humanitarian operations. Weve encouraged the government to invite senior u. N. Figures to visit burma, engage, discuss possible ways forward. And as the chairman pointed out, in new york, our ambassador and team are quite engaged in the Security Council in forging a way forward. There are many lines of action for the u. N. , humanitarian, accountability, human rights and our press is on all those fronts and encouraging cooperation inside burma with these entities. Anybody else want to comment on that . Id like to add that our efforts at pushing for access have not been without any success whatsoever. Initially the government in burma said it would allow humanitarian assistance to pass only through its hands and our ambassador in burma and others insisted that would not be possible for us. Eventually they agreed to the Red Cross Movement being a source of assistance directly in the region and with the assistance provided through the department of state the Red Cross Movement is staffing up from 20 in northern Rakhine State to 200 to increase access. Its allowed one n. G. O. From the United Kingdom to be present and our ambassador was able to visit Rakhine State to see what was going on and saw some of the destruction with his own eyes. We will keep pushing. I want to guarantee to you we will support these agencies that are active and we will keep supporting them diplomatically on every single front. I appreciate your work in doing that. I want to give a shoutout to the ambassador for bangladesh, thank you for what you have done and what you continue to do we look to partner up with you. Mr. Yoho too many times we see disturbing things around the world. Weve said over and other again, never again, never again will we see these atrocities, whether its in nazi germany, rwanda, any other place we see genocide. We as humans, to tolerate this is intolerable. And we have to crack down and we have to find an effective way to bring partners to this. And one of my questions was, why do russia and china feel its in their strategic interest to provide diplomatic cover for the military . Are there afraid of a democracy forming, another democracy forming . What are your starts on that. Well start with you, mr. Murphy, go ahead. Mr. Murphy thank you, congressman yoho. Could not agree more that this is a human tragedy. We dont want to see history repeat itself. Inside burma, the plight of the rohingya people is a longstanding challenge. Decades and decades of repression and discrimination. The new government there is 18 months in the making and inherited this problem. It needs to do more. Weve called on the government to provide moral leadership. There are some efforts under way. As the chairman cited the Annan Commission provides an important potential path forward. 88 recommendations. This was a Commission Formed by the government of burma. With expertise from outside and inside the country. And it deals with some of the most sensitive, politically challenged issues, including citizenship for the rohingya. Important Development Efforts and cooperation with neighbors. Mr. Yoho let me interrupt you again, i read a report a day or two ago, the government said theyd allow people to come back in and i know theres proof of citizenship and all of that. Have they worked through that . Are they at a point where theyre like work we need to take these people back . And another question this is probably for you ambassador storella, if we cant rely on the Security Council at the u. N. , the obvious question that comes to me is, number one is it efficient or effective . And the obvious question is, no. So what do we need to do from the influence of the United States to say you guys need to get your act together. These are wars, crimes against humanity and for us to continue to be involved with you you need to tighten up your act and lets get the results we want on the ground and stop these things. If you guys could respond to that. Mr. Murphy on returns, a couple of things to offer. First we have stated very clearly the right to safe, voluntary, dignified return must be an absolute. Aungaung herself stated that those who have fled will be allowed to return to their homes. A couple of things have taken place. We now need to see implementation. The burmese earlier this week ent a senior minister to begin discussions with bangladesh counterparts. They together formed a joint working committee on repatriation modalities. Thats important, we want to support that. Inside the country, the government has formed a committee to implement the recommendations of the Annan Commission recommendations in that report. This is good. Now we need to see action. And there are other stake holders. This is not just a matter of the government, the civilian government dictating the refugees shall return. There are other stake holders like the Security Forces, like local authorities in Rakhine State. Theres no one single point of authority in the country. So its very complex in that regard. Mr. Yoho who is going to monitor and police it outside of the burmese government . Et me have mr. Storella. Mr. Storella representative owe ho thank you for that question. Representative yoho thank you for that question. We have obstacles in this. The most important part of dealing with the u. N. And International Organizations is that we look at all the tools we have at our disposal and try to use all the tools as best we can. Its note worthy that the u. N. Human rights council, in which i once represented the United States, extended the mandate for action in burma. We should work with that. The recommendations from the Annan Commission report have been accepted by the burmese government and the Bangladesh Government. We should look at each of those and see which can be used best to press our case for access and accountability. I think we also have to continue to use our voice, publicly which our Senior Leadership has in new york and washington. And also in burma itself. And we should continue that. Finally, i think we have to keep demonstrating to the burmese leadership that its in their interest to settle the issues inside their country so the country can get on with Peaceful Development and a Better Future for its own people. As you know, thats not so easy to do. Mr. Yoho its not. We had a hearing on this last week. Its disheartening, because we brought up some of these issues, and miss, since you were on the border on the thaiburma border and lived there, what are the things that need to change. When we had the hearing last week, there were recommendations for the u. N. To study this but we dont have time for that. Weve got people diing on the ground, being run out. We dont have time for a report. What do we need to change in the narrative or in the directive of the u. N. To intervene, go in there and monitor it and bring in the appropriate world nations to help bring stability to this nd stop this nonsense. Thank you, sir, for that important question and for that point. The main thing for my perspective that needs to change immediately is humanitarian access. Until and unless we are able to get into northern Rakhine State to provide lifesaving support as well as to be able to have media come in to see and assess the situation theres not much from a Development Assistance perspective we can do until that happens. The u. N. And red cross have been granted permission but none of the other aid agencies are in there we are in southern Rakhine State and able to establish some support there but we call for unfettered access. Mr. Yoho eek. Thank you. Ill turn now to mr. Dana rohrabacher. Mr. Receiver balker we had a great hearing on this issue a few days ago, i congratulate you and also suggest that i think chairman royce and Ranking Member eliot engel, they done a good job in making sure that this issue is high on our priorities so the word is out around the world that we are paying attention. Perhaps more than anything else, that can have a positive impact. And the this message is especially important for those people in the muslim world who are being told that we are their enemy. And we have to let good people know all over the world, whatever their religion is, that we are on the side of ordinary people and their right to live decent lives and also without being murdered and raped and the type of things that these poor people are suffering who are the subject of the hearing today. This does remind me, i wasnt here for el yets remarks but elliot and i were very involved in the situation when a similar situation was in kosovo where u had muslims who were being obliterated, they were being ethnically cleansed. And that time it was by the serbs. From what i see here the serbs at that time were acting very similarly to what we see appening in burr massachusetts i spent a lot of time working with people in burma who were under attack 20 or 30 years ago. This shouldnt be something looked at as aimed at this muslim people. They are conducting themselves , an absolutely unacceptable kachins way with the and with groups who are christians, the Central Government in burma and the burmese army which used to call hemselves the admrgs it was it fit what was going on there we cant just look at the attack on these people, which is sun ep unacceptable, but it is an example of the behavior of the burmese government and hold them accountable. Big supporter of aungaung, we were of Aung San Suu Kyi, we were expecting more from her than whats happening. The fact is, perhaps shes unable to do more. But we must mobilize Public Opinion. Thats what this hearing is about. Mobilize Public Opinion when such atrocities are being committed by the burmese government. Let me ask, ok. So ive castigated the burmese government but i want to ask you about the Bangladesh Government now because i have had reports that significant amounts of money have been donated by oilrich countries to bangladesh to deal with these people but that that aid has somewhat disappeared. Is that correct . Mr. Murphy if i first could thank you for your longstanding interest in burma, we have had the opportunity to discuss many times over the years the challenges there and these discussions are always quite fruitful. Before we talk about bangladesh i want to acknowledge the accuracy of what youve had to offer about many suffering people throughout the country of burma. Indeed, what i would add to the mix inside complicated Rakhine State itself. On display is the terrible, terrible treatment of the rohingya people. There are other minorities there as well who feel aggrieved. Most notably, the Ethnic Rakhine who happen to be buddhist who feel over many, many years they have been discriminated and repressed by central authorities and successive military governments. That complicates the environment to facilitate humanitarian assistance and gives the rohingya the attention they need. We have to think about the other ethnic minorities there too that are in need. Part of the problem and need to be part of the solution. Indeed, we call on all burmese people who have suffered through the struggle for independence. The 50 years of authoritarian rule. Have suffered discrimination, repression, neglect, underdevelopment. We ask them to find in their own hearts compassion for fellow human beings who need basic dignity, apart from any political challenging questions. Need respect, dignity and safety. With regard to bangladesh, i have been in communications with bangladesh diplomats here in washington. We are very, very gritful for the incredible safe haven that country has provided. Not only in response to the Current Crisis over a half million refugees, but substantial populations who have crossed following previous crises into bangladesh. I defer to my colleagues to talk about the assistance but what we are focusing on is the muchneeded communication between burma and bangladesh. Weve seen some movement on that this week. We understand that the bangladesh senior official plans to travel to the capital of burma for further discussions. This is good. The two countries have much in commonmark challenges they need to overcome. Most importantly the safe path to return of refugees to their original homes. There was an earlier question about citizenship. Our understanding from the authorities in burma is that citizenship is not a requirement for return. Thats a separate process. Verification and path to citizenship. There will need to be a process to identify where they came from, when they crossed but those discussions are now under way. Were going to focus on that very, very closely. Mr. Rohrabacher many people in congress when youre dealing not a limited budget, do believe in economy, nation building as a target for foreign aid. We all believe that as human beings and as on this planet, the American People do have responsibility toward their fellow human beings in cases of emergency and crisis. Now this is not a natural crisis, this is a manmade crisis, and it is an emergency. So we are behind these efforts. Ut again, i just just one question. Is i am sorry to put you on the spot, mr. Ambassador, but i have been told that money that was donated by very wealthy oilproducing muslim countries, that a lot of it has not gone to these folks who are suffering. I ask the gentlelady from usaid. Ms. Somvongsiri thank you for that question. On the issue of support to bangladesh, in addition to our u. S. Support that weve been discussing today, i would note that a number of other countries have also stepped up their effort not just the u. S. That has seized with this issue. The United Kingdom for example has pledged 35 million. Mr. Rohr bucker is there any indication that aid has been that corruption has is getting in the way of helping these people . Ms. Somvongsiri theres indication that much of the said is going to lifesaving support osm the corruption issue, i dont have knowledge of it but we can look into and get back to you. Mr. Rohrabacher thank you. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Pll royce thank you, we go to mr. Castro of texas. Mr. Castro i apologize if i cover anything weve already talked about, i was at my other committee hearing. S that tumultuous time for displaced people in the world. Europe is still facing its largest migrations since world war ii, mostly because of the syrian conflict. In southeast asia, the rohingya have been dispo possessed. S by possessed. The United States in september committed about 32 million. As far as you know, what other nations are helping or groups are helping and also does the nited states plan further aid . The magnitude of this is so large we are going to require many different hands to provide support. Mr. Storella the United States provided additional 32 million on september 28. The usaid through food for peace announced an additional million for assistance and p. R. M. , the department of state, announced an they didnt announce but provided an additional 2. 1 million. Thats end of the f. Y. 2017. Well review our funding in scal year 2018 but we will fund against appeals themselves. Theres a preliminary statement by the United Nations. Well be reacting to and examining actual appeals by different organizations to respond to them. I want to emphasize as my colleague from usaid mentioned, were not the only ones and should not be the only ones to respond to this tragedy. She mentioned the United Kingdom stepped forward. Mr. Castro how much did they put up . Mr. Storell action 30 million . Denmark contributed 3 million. Canada, . 1 million, south korea 1. 5 million. Japan 4 million 68 saudi arabia 15 million. Thats the beginning. E United Nations coordinator announced yesterday there will be in all likelihood a pledging conference on act 23 and that may take place in geneva but we dont have full details on that. I dont know that wed be ready to pledge additional assistance at that time but we will certainly be ready to work with other governments to ensure that others come forward to help carry this burden. If i could, representative castro, first, i want to thank you for your leadership we this asean conference a very important entity, and our relationship there is productive. Mr. Murphy that gives me an opportunity to talk about the neighborhood. In my statement i said if this statement is if this crisis is not managed, brought to abend, it could have an impact on the neighborhood. Under military regimes, burma exported refugees, narcotics and refugees. We have been messaging with the neighborhood they need to focus on this crisis so it doesnt spread throughout the region. Last growing proten rble for terrorism of an interflavor. In burma that would spell bad news for the neighborhood. We are working with asean. Its activated its asean humanitarian Assistance Program and i believe its only the sec time, they call it aha, only the second time theyve activated this mechanism as a result of a nonnatural disaster crisis. They are providing assistance. Were also encouraging asean to communicate, to encourage the stake holders inside burma to take the actions needed to end the violence, open up humanitarian assistance for International Organizations and implement the kofi annan recommendations. We believe the collective voice of asean could be influential in this situation. Mr. Castro probably have time for one more question. Has the United States been clear that this is ethnic cleansing . Has the state department taken that position . Or how would you define it at this point . Mr. Murphy i refer to my seniors who said it has been characterized by many as ethnic cleansing that must stop. You are ambassador to the United Nations, ambassador heylow, said its a brutal, sustained campaign that appears to be an effort to cleanse the country of an ethnic minority. There are separate processes under way, examining the avenue of accountability. What we do know regardless of discussions about what to call it is its a human tragedy. Half a Million People on the move across the border, several hundred thousand displaced internally and actions need to be taken now to stop the violence, deliver humanitarian assistance, as well as the efforts to hold accountable those who have perpetuated abuses in violation of international standards. Mr. Castro permit me one more comment . Thank you all for the effort the initial assistance to this problem. I hope we wont lose sight of it even though nst a far away place for the United States. In a place where devastating news hits us now, causes whiplash for not only american bus those of us in congress as we deal with human tragedies. So well keep working with you on this. Mr. Rohrabacher would the yield . An the other thing id clarify is 32 million is the latest nor fiscal year. The total is 104 million, the vast majority of that for the rohingya situation but an additional funding we have for regional humanitarian assistance some money we dont break out by country. In excess of the 104 million so far. I just mention that for the record. We go now to ann wagner, ambassador wagner of missouri. Ms. Wagner ill be brief, i have to run to another Financial Services committee. I want to acknowledge the Bangladesh Embassy for the work theyre doing to give refuge to the rohingya. I thank them very, very much. Im devastated by the ethnic cleansing of Rohingya Muslims in burma. For over 60 years the burmese government has persecuted religious and ethnic minorities muslims in ans to Rakhine State. We are in part to blame for not holding the burmese government and military accountable for their actions, which we knew about full well as we lifted the sanctions. Ambassador st; rella, you indicated in your written statement you are supporting the elected governments efforts including the rakhine Advisory Commission. I understand the political expediency of supporting the commission but burma has clearly abdicated its responsibility to protect to protect. And the u. S. Should officially recognize mass atrocity crimes against Rohingya Muslims. And unequivocally support an independent investigation. Down playing human rights investigations and impunity has not resulted in national reconciliation. Its perpetuated more conflict and a lack of accountability. Rella and mr. Murphy, when will the United States push for an end to these mass crimes . With you. I agree for those of us who followed country for a long time weve seen big population musmes in the past, 1970s, 1990s, last year as well. Irregular migration in 2015 caused a crisis. Independent investigation. Get to the point. Mr. Murphy we are supporting as a cosponsor at he Human Rights Council a u. N. Fact finding mission that was recently extended, the mandate for this program, to look closely at the abuses, gathering information and make determinations on the way forward. I hasten to point out there are not just challenges in Rakhine State. Theres ongoing active conflict elsewhere in the country , in rticular in kachin and those conflicts ned to come to an end. There are many actors inside the country. In terms of pressure points theres the civilian government, the Security Forces, local ethnic leaders. Ms. Wagner why is isnt the u. S. Doing its own independent investigation . Why are we not doing that . Mr. Murphy we have many efforts under way first and foremost to bring this immediate crisis and suffering to an end. We are looking at tracks for accountability. S we stated earlier we are ms. Wagner were going to reclaim im going to reclaim my time. We have been looking at this while people have been suffering for 60 years. Ambassador, some are hesitant to call survivors in bangladesh refugees. How do we address the needs of rohingya who have no home to return to . How do you lass fi the stateless people who were forced to leave their country, running from likely genocide . Mr. Storella thank you very much for that question. I would like to say there are one million rohingya residing inside bangladesh, we have all recognized the incredible generosity of the government of bangladesh and its people. Its perhaps more than there are rohingya left in burma at this time. We consider these people refugees. We think that they should come under the mandate of the unhcr and International Legal instruments that apply to that. The United States has been gratified to see that the Bangladesh Government has undertaken a registration process for the people across the board, this is something that at times has been controversial in the past. Theyre doing so now with the assistance of unhcr. This will give us a record of who has come across the border to help us provide greater protection under International Law for them. Its a slow process right now. I think that theyre able to register right now if they just started the process, about 6,000 per day. This is going to help. And i think its important to recognize that the government of bangladesh has increased its cooperation with unhcr under these shirks. Ms. Wagner thank you. With the chairs indulgence can have one last question . Mr. Rohrabacher the mr. Royce the gentleladys time has expired. We go to mr. Connolly. Mr. Connolly following up where i think my colleague, ms. Wagner, was leading. I guess i dont understand your reluctance to call this what it is, ethnic cleansing. You have used code, dispr portion gnat response by the military. Other sources of violence. A culture of complexity. At least nikki haley admitted it appears to be heth ethnic cleansing. When 800,000 people of a particular ethnic background are living in the neighboring country because theyve been forcibly removed from villages, i call that ethnic cleansing. Pretty clear and simple. What is your reluctance to call it what it is . Mr. Murphy thank you very much, congressman connolly, i appreciate your perspective and concern about the situation as we are deeply, deeply concerned by the human tragedy. And thats what it is. Mr. Connolly lets stipulate were both concerned, we accept that. Why not call it ethnic cleansing. Whats your reluctance as a representative of the state to call it ethnic cleansing. E you afraid to offend the military . Mr. Murphy theres no reluctance at all. I have referred to our senior officials, including Ambassador Haley and secretary tillerson to what appears to be ethnic cleansing. Mr. Connolly you know im an english lit major, words mean something. You are still evidencing a reluctance to call it ethnic cleansing. My question to you is why . Mr. Murphy in part the situation that is a deliberative process to look at what is taking place. Mr. Connolly im worried about time. I dont want to be rude. And the chairman is strict. Were waiting for the u. N. Mr. Murphy no. That is a parallel process that we are strongly supporting. Mr. Connolly which dont find if the u. N. Calls it ethnic cleansing. Why dont you call it ethnic cleansing. Mr. Murphy it is a human tragedy. Mr. Connolly do i look like a fool to you . She o quote Ambassador Says she says it is a campaign to cleanse the country of an ethnic minority, to cleanse the country. The u. N. Is engaged in its assessment of the situation, but i would say that puts us out on he ledge of what i and Elliott Engel have named and called ethnic cleansing. We encourage everyone to use that term. Nikki anted to clarify haleys mr. Connolly that hasnt gotten to the assistant department secretary. Mr. Murphy sometimes we have to be careful but looking at the kind of tragedy. Mr. Connolly clarity is an important tool of diplomacy not pacifying with other kinds of descriptions that clearly, deliberately calling it what it is. I would ask if the chair would restore some of my time. Lets see, mr. Murphy, when mr. Engel asked you about sanctions, ou said we are exploring all available options and sanctions remain in place. That means no military training for example or military assistance is still on . Mr. Murphy yes, sir. What that means there is a prohibition or assistance to the Burmese Military. There is a broad set that are apply to senior military leaders and their families that remain active. There is very, very limited ability to engage with the Burmese Military on issues like humanitarian assistance, human rights, international standards. Nacnent and been so negligence liable. This is not a normalized militarytomilitary relationship and hasnt been for decades. Mr. Connolly i agree with that. The military was driven to open itself to the outside world back in 2011 and came to some kind of uneasy peace with civilian government up to a point, allowing elections and the leader of the country, not by title, but shes got it. What has liberated the military in this situation to feel that all of those restraints or all of those boundaries do not pertain and were free to engage in this ethnic cleansing with such violence and effectiveness, actually . Mr. Murphy the transition that you referred to enjoyed the support of many in the International Community, providing burma perhaps with its you first and best opportunity to address many longstanding challenges. The transition allowed the will of the people to be expressed. However, the armed forces designed and implemented the very constitution that forms the very basis for government. That places a lot of limitations on this government. The Security Forces mr. Connolly i was in burma a year ago and i met with the head of the military and i take your point, but my question is, though, in this, there is a certain restraint, a certain caution and restraints from inside. They know there are unwritten boundaries. All of that seems to have been pushed away and seems to be no restraint of the military with respect to the rohingya . Why do you think that is . That would characterize the last five, six years of their behavior . Mr. Murphy i would say not entirely out of character because there is conflict in northern burma at any point in time, there have been active conflicts somewhere between the mr. Connolly mr. Murphy, my time is up, but, look, all of thats true. But they have to push half a Million People in another country in a limited time frame and im asking you your assessment. Why do you think at this moment, they kind of changed their behavior and really accelerated this in such enormous numbers and with such impunity . Mr. Murphy congressman, without explaining any understanding or condoning the actions, i can point to what the Security Forces say, what the narrative in the country is, they feel they are under attack. He militant coordinated by rohingya militants, a new organization that claims responsibilities for attacks in 2016, this has bumped a level. They have coordinated and resulted in deaths. This speeds a narrative popular in the country that the sovereignty of the country is under assault. They obviously have responded in a disproportionate manner and has failed to protect civilian populations. Regardless of that threat, they have behaved in a way that has exacerbated in a way that prevents the challenges. Mr. Royce we go to tom garrett of virginia. Mr. Garrett thank you for your testimony here today. It strikes me that for the last probably 20 years, i have heard array ex tollader the virtues of the progress in burma, et cetera. And that a tool that is at our disposal that is infrequently used but oftentimes effective is that of shame. I wonder if any of you can elaborate on the potential to bring pressure on on the government of burma to amend its behaviors by publicizing the realities on the ground as it relates to the rohingya and essentially motivating i to compel the title, different behavior by virt you of that tried and true tactic of shame . Do you think it might shed light on reality and what reality could United States take it in the global world and United Nations and as has been influenced, et cetera . And its wide open. Mr. Murphy, you can take a break, but if you would like to catch your breath, you can. Mr. Murphy and she fluid people including women who had been subject to genderbased violence to hear their stories and has related them. That is part of our humanitarian approach but it also shines a light on what is happening and important to continue doing that. Thank you. Mr. Garrett you can talk. I just felt like you were cut across the coles. And to be fair, i know you dont shape u. S. Policy but im sympathetic to mark this down to mr. Connollys line of questioning. I appreciate the perspective. What can we do . This is a source of frustration and we are outraged by the human suffering. Mr. Murphy there are many stakeholders inside the country that need to take action. This is not amon legitimateic authority. There are Security Forces and local ethnic leaders and the broad population and all of them need to take action. Mr. Garrett im not trying to double down on beating up on you, whether its in burma or Central America or in africa that the local militias, et cetera, operating with a great deal more impunity when the government looks the other way. They continue to exist. But i think right now what we are saying, what i understand is they operate with impunity because the government either condones it or does president do anything to deter it. Sorry, go ahead. Mr. Murphy i appreciate that. I think the fact that we herald the transition to a more democratic burma does not absolve the government of criticism. Nd as Ambassador Haley said in new york, we are looking for more. At the same time, there are figures who are attempting to do what is unprecedented for many, many decades and give the path to citizenship, a path to return to their homes. We cant effect action from outside the country without action. Mr. Garrett let me interrupt you. You touched on something. It is so frustrating and let me wrap up quickly, i spent a better part of the year in uniform in balkans and we see it here with burmese row hanga pushed in the bangladesh and people couldnt return to their homes. With small exceptions, they never do. Its not directed at you but frustration at the world we live in. Thank you. Mr. Royce thank you very much for your questioning, mr. Garrett. We go to mr. David cyst sill lynney of rhode island. Mr. Cicilline i would like to focus very specifically on the sanctions and what specific actions the administration is considering in terms of removing or revising any of the existing waivers on sanctions on burma. I know earlier in testimony it was suggested that waivers are infrequently used. I pulled up on my phone. So i want to know, is the administration looking at revoking or revising those and instituting additional sanctions . Whats the downside of that and particularly sanctions with the military in burma that is responsible for this outrageous and atrocious behavior . Mr. Murphy thank you, congressman. I think what youre getting at is what consideration of actions can we take that can effect behavior change inside the country of actors who need to stop the violence. We have a deliberative process, interagency process under way where we are looking. Mr. Cicilline including removing the waivers . Mr. Murphy all the available options are under consideration. Reimposing restrictions, expanding restrictions or is there a different variety of assistance and cooperation. What we are motivated that i would like to highlight. There needs to be accountability for abuses and violations. That will be ongoing. In the immediate term we need to help the plight of people who are at vulnerable at risk. We dont want to take actions that exacerbate their suffering. There is that risk in this complicated environment. We need to be deliberative and careful about what we do. Mr. Cicilline i understand that. In fact, that leads to my next question, what are we doing to ensure and this is for the administrator that women and girls who have been subjected to unspeakable Sexual Violence are receiving the care and not only medical care but the comprehensive counseling and all the things that victims of this kind of violence requires . Are we mitigating the rick of Sexual Violence . Ms. Somvongsiri thank you for aising that important issue. Vulnerable population within the rohingya and women and girls are vulnerable. And movements within the community. Women and girls have further limitations and not only sustaining the camps and in some cases, women and girls which makes them susceptible to things like trafficking. We do not have access to see the situation firsthand but we have heard reports of exactly the sorts of genderbased violence. Mr. Cicilline im asking, are we doing anything about it . Ms. Somvongsiri what we are doing is helping to provide counseling which is very important, getting access to health care, clinical rape kits, trying to provide child friendly and safe bases. Til we are that we can go on the bangladesh side but within the state itself, we do not have access and unable to provide the Protection Services that are essentially needed. Mr. Cicilline next, i would like to skr whether or not you hear the numbers in terms of the refugees who have gone sboorl bangladesh, 550,000. And we have to wonder, have we lost our leverage as a country to be effective in this country when we are only accepting 545,000 refugees and what does that say about countries that are undertaking and would have reduced our leadership and credibility in a time of a crisis like this where we have reduced the number of people who are accepted into our country. Mr. Murphy the United States record on accepting refugees is an admirable one. The United States has resettled 1. 3 million giving them full rights to citizenship or education and the rest here. The president each year as you know sets a ceiling for the fiscal year on the number of refugees who will be admitted. This year it was set at 45,000. Its important to recognize its a ceiling. And that means over the years, we have never actually surpassed the ceiling. We have come very, very close. But sometimes we have missed by 10,000 or 20,000. Mr. Cicilline i know our proud history of refugees and sad that that history is changing. Is that decrease diminishing our leverage in this crisis . I appreciate the history. Its exactly what is not happening now. Is that undermining our ability to be a leader in this crisis . Mr. Murphy im going to have to cut you off. And i would greatly appreciate it. Mr. Cicilline i ask unanimous consent that the three pages of waivers granted for the military or for burma be entered into the record and i look forward to what the administration is going to do with respect to specific reviews. Mr. Yoho without objection, ell submit those. Were displaced or murdered. If you are looking at the sheer numbers, you have 30 days to eal with this. m frustrated. But while we talk about sanctions and talk about foreign assistance, these things take a long time. We have 30 days or less. So my question to you first of all, mr. Murphy, ambassador im sorry, im not going to even attempt it. What a can be can sanctions have an attempt right now . Can foreign assistance have an effect right now . Right now . People are dying as we sit here. We share your frustration and concern. And i will restate anything that we are fully seized to end human suffering now. Mr. Murphy we are working with he United Nationses, human rights counsel and all of the our ambassador and his team are pursuing all efforts. Results. Chieved some its gin efficient efficient and seeking to widen it. And including vigilante action undertaken by local civilians, there are responsibilities for the government, for the armed forces. We are communicating with all of them. We are consulting with our partners around the world. We are on this way every way possible. I dont doubt you. And i sense that you sense the urgency as well. But with all due respect, it doesnt seem to me that the things you are talking about are going to be if he can tall. At the end of the next 30 days and we are going to talk about all the things that happened and do an investigation. Im looking for some methodology, some vehicle. Will you walk out of this room and say we are going to do this and its going to stop this from happening . Is there any potential for anything like that whether its the u. S. Or partners in the region or whether its the United Nations because i feel like we are talking and make sure we dont make the matter worse which is admirable and appropriate. Im going to walk out of here and vote i have no confidence that the rohingya are going to be continued to be slaughtered and none of them are in burma. Any reason for us to believe here as i walk out of here to go vote . Mr. Murphy i wish there was a simple solution. I really do. What we have to keep focused on, are the efforts under way. This doesnt get resolved without stakeholders in the country. And there are recommendations. There are discussions with bangladesh on repatriot ration. We have to support those efforts and hold those accountable and there are efforts to identify those responsible for violations. If these folks dont let us now in our country, what makes you think there are is going to be an investigation where we can take them to the hague for war crimes . Why would they do that . Mr. Murphy i dont take the reluctance as a reason to stop our efforts. We are relentless. My time has expired. Mr. Yoho we need action. And when you have a military government mixed with a civilian government but the military has more clout and has veto power, i dont see things changing because there isnt anything holding the military accountable and the World Community needs to be more effective. Would it be ifve we were to suspend foreign aid until burma allowed the u. N. Inspectors in the state . Ms. Somvongsiri we need to look at the tools on the table. And assistance isnt going to the assistance of burma. Mr. Yoho 5 . So many so many more in terms of protecting the people of burma and the democratic institutions. And so we would strongly encounseling we look at that issue. Mr. Yoho i tharning you all for being here. Being respectful in weighing in on this very important this hearing. I thank the witnesses and members to be here. This is a human rights issue and National Security issue. We will remain attentive to this pressing matter and gets to hold perpetrators of this violence and the burmese government and all those accountable, the committee stands adjourned. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org